Abstract: A power assist module for use in roller tube driven products, such as roller shades. The module may be pre-wound prior to installation in a roller tube and retains its pre-wound condition, even after use, when removed from the roller tube.

Abstract: A battery-powered motorized window treatment for covering at least a portion of a window may be adjusted into a service position to allow for access to at least one battery that is powering the motorized window treatment. A headrail of the motorized window treatment may be adjusted to the service position to allow for easy replacement of the batteries without unmounting the headrail and without requiring tools. The motorized window treatment may comprise brackets having buttons that may be actuated to release the headrail from a locked position, such that the head rail may be rotated into the service position. The headrail easily rotates through a controlled movement into the service position, such that a user only needs one free hand available to move the motorized window treatment into the service position and change the batteries.

Abstract: The invention describes solutions containing cellulose and a method of dissolving lignocellulosic materials. In the method, the lignocellulosic material is contacted with a conjugate acid, formed by a strong organic base and a weaker acid, under conditions which are conducive to at least a partial dissolution of the cellulosic components of the lignocellulosic material. It has been found that it is possible to recover at least a portion of the dissolved part of the lignocellulosic material by at least partial dissociation of the conjugate acid. Furthermore it is possible to recover at least a portion of the dissociated organic base and the acid, to form a conjugate acid of the recovered base and acid, and to recycle it for use in the first steps of the method.

Abstract: A multi-ply wiper/towel product includes at least one wet laid web having at least 10% fibrillated cellulosic microfiber, and at least about 40% wood pulp derived papermaking fibers. The at least one wet laid web has formed therein (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched hollow domed regions on the upper side of the at least one wet laid web having a relatively high local basis weight, (ii) connecting regions having a relatively lower local basis weight forming a network interconnecting the relatively high local basis weight domed regions of the one wet laid web, and (iii) transition areas with upwardly and inwardly inflected consolidated fibrous regions transitioning from the connecting regions into the domed regions.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing fiberboard by preparing a fiber slurry mixture including containing cellulose fibers and water then atomizing a liquid bituminous material, such as asphalt. The liquid bituminous material is atomized by mixing it with a pressurized gas, such as compressed air, forming a mist comprising droplets of bituminous material having a diameter between 20 microns and 50 microns. A water spray solidifies the bituminous material droplets thereby forming bituminous particles which fall into the fiber slurry within the spray chamber. From there the slurry is sheared, dewatered, and dried, forming a finished fiberboard.

Abstract: This invention relates to paper products and/or substrates suitable for being made and/or converted into wallboard tape; which also may be known as joint tape and/or drywall tape, having a pH of at least 7.0 and containing a plurality of cellulose fibers, a wet strength additive, an alkaline sizing agent, and an anionic promoter, as well as methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: A fabric for a papermaking machine is configured as a belt, the two side edges of which are configured in each case as closed lines. Furthermore, the belt is formed in one layer from a solid material and has pores which form passages between the two surfaces of the belt. The belt has regions with a width of approximately 400 micrometers (?m) or less. These regions extend in the longitudinal direction over the entire circumference of the belt, transversely with respect to the side edges, and include no pores formed therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a die cast part (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) of a die casting mold (5, 6, 7), having at least one first component (13, 15, 17, 19, 21) comprising a pressure zone (24, 25, 40, 60), at least one second component (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) and at least one heat exchange chamber (27, 36, 43, 51, 55, 62) permeated by a fluid and formed by the components (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22) for controlling the temperature of the pressure zone (24, 25, 40, 60), wherein the first component (13, 15, 17, 19, 21) comprises a heat transfer surface (34, 41, 61) integral to at least one wall of the heat exchange chamber (27, 36, 43, 51, 55, 62) and thermally associated with the pressure zone (24, 25, 40, 60).

Abstract: A thermal energy storage and delivery system is disclosed. A core includes a thermal storage medium and a thermal transfer medium transports thermal energy to and from the core. The core may be surrounded by multiple layers, where each layer is less dense the closer the layer is to the outside of the thermal storage and delivery system.

Abstract: A system for drying and tempering flowing air that has been compressed to a super atmospheric level prior to treatment by the system. The system includes a precooler and reheater core and a chiller core disposed in adjacent relation for receiving flowing air serially therethrough. A moisture removal section is disposed adjacent to the chiller core for removing entrained moisture from the flowing air. The moisture removal section is defined by sidewalls. The moisture removal section has a demister core disposed therein. The demister core comprises a plurality of fins configured to create an undulating flow through the demister core. The demister core is disposed at an angle with respect to at least one of the sidewalls to create an enlarged entrance area and an enlarged exit area.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a shell made of a composite material, and a heat exchanger housed substantially within the shell. The shell is made of a composite material further comprises planks positioned in the outer periphery of the shell. The planks, in one embodiment, are substantially hollow or include substantially hollow portions. In some embodiments, the planks are formed of pultruded plastic. The shell of the heat exchanger further includes layers of fiberglass. The pultruded plastic planks are sandwiched between at least a first layer of fiberglass and a second layer of fiberglass. The layers of fiberglass are infused with resin. A floating portion of an Ocean Thermal Energy System includes shells made of composite material. The cold seawater intake can also be an elongated tube of composite material.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for reducing the effects of motion in a core-in-shell type heat exchanger are provided. One apparatus includes: (a) a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger includes an internal volume defined within a shell and a plurality of spaced apart cores disposed within the internal volume of the shell, wherein the internal volume is flooded with a vaporizing fluid; and (b) a separation vessel connected to the heat exchanger, wherein the separation vessel is located at higher elevation than the heat exchanger, wherein the separation vessel is connected to the heat exchanger in such a manner so as to deliver a hot feed stream to heat exchanger and the receive a non-vaporizing stream from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An indoor unit of an air-conditioning apparatus includes a plurality of blower fans provided adjacent to each other in a left-right direction, a heat exchanger, and a plurality of vertical vanes that are provided in an air outlet and that deflect an airflow to be blown out from the air outlet in a left/right direction. Further, when the airflow to be blown out from the air outlet is deflected in at least one direction in the left/right direction, the air volume of the blower fan disposed on the leftmost side or the rightmost side of the vertical vanes corresponding to the deflection direction is reduced relative to the air volume of the other blower fan.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes (12), each tube configured for a flow of fluid therethrough and one or more fins located between adjacent tubes of the plurality of tubes. The one or more fins are spaced by a fin pitch (Fp,18) and are configured to improve thermal energy transfer between the plurality of tubes and ambient air. Each fin includes a fin face extending between the adjacent tubes, a substantially planar fin cap (22) connected to the fin face secured to one or the tubes, and a fin radius (Rc,26) connecting the fin face to the fin cap such that the fin radius is reduced to promote condensate removal from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat sink having a heat pipe protection mechanism includes a heat pipe, a metallic sleeve and a plurality of heat-dissipating fins. The heat pipe has an evaporating section and a condensing section. The evaporating section is combined with a heat-dissipating base. The metallic sleeve has a closed end and an open end opposite to the closed end. The condensing section is disposed through the open end of the metallic sleeve. Each of the heat-dissipating fins has a through-hole corresponding to the heat pipe. The metallic sleeve having the condensing section disposed therein is fitted in the through-hole. By this arrangement, the condensing section is completely separated from the outside, so that the heat pipe can be protected from suffering damage due to external impacts or getting rusty. Thus, the lifetime of the heat pipe is maintained, and the frequency of repairing the heat sink is reduced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flat type heat pipe, having an inside of which partitioned into a plurality of cells, that is capable of flexibly setting a concentration of working fluid in each cell is provided. The method includes processes of preparing a flat container, pouring, and closing. In the preparing, the flat container having the inside of which two-dimensionally partitioned into the plurality of cells is prepared. The flat container has connecting holes through which adjacent cells communicate and an inlet hole for the working fluid to be poured from outside. In the pouring, the working fluid is poured into respective cells through the inlet hole and the connecting holes. In the closing, the inlet hole and the connecting holes are closed. In one method, after sealing a specified cell, following processes of heating, removing air, pouring, evaporating, and closing are repeated for other cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating up or keeping warm the flow paths of a process plant, wherein a stream of fluid provided for heating up or keeping warm the flow paths is guided in a circuit which comprises a heating device (8) for warming up the stream of fluid. According to the invention, to equalize the pressure loss occurring in the circuit, the stream of fluid is supplied as a suction medium to a jet pump (5) arranged in the circuit and is exposed there to a pumping medium supplied at a higher pressure.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a bracket, a fan with an air inlet and an air outlet, and a heat sink mounted on the bracket. The bracket includes a plurality of rivets and clasps. Each of the clasps includes a mounting portion, an arm extending upwards from the mounting portion, and a hook portion extending from a top end of the arm and towards the mounting portion. The mounting portion is riveted on the bracket by a corresponding rivet. The fan includes a plurality of ears corresponding to the clasps. The hook portions of the clasps abut on top surfaces of the ears to fix the fan on the bracket. The fan defines a plurality of channels communicating the outlet of the fan.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for suppressing slosh in a core-in-shell type heat exchanger are provided. One embodiments provides a heat exchanger including: (a) an internal volume defined within a shell; (b) a plurality of spaced apart cores disposed within the internal volume of the shell, and (c) slosh suppressing baffles disposed within the internal volume to separate the plurality of spaced apart cores, wherein each core is partially submerged in a liquid shell-side fluid, wherein the slosh suppressing baffles allow limited distribution of the liquid shell-side fluid between each core, wherein the slosh suppressing baffles can withstand cryogenic temperatures, wherein the slosh suppressing baffles can withstand and divert the flow of the liquid shell-side fluid between each core.

Abstract: A cooling system comprises a first cooling package, a second cooling package, and a fan control system. The first cooling package comprises a first fan and at least one heat exchanger to cool at least one fluid associated with the machine. The first fan is configured to rotate in a cooling direction and an opposite cleaning direction. The second cooling package comprises a second fan and at least one heat exchanger to cool at least one fluid associated with the machine. The second fan is configured to rotate in a cooling direction and an opposite cleaning direction. The fan control system is configured to alternate the first and second fans between a first cleaning mode and a second cleaning mode.

Abstract: A fan unit for a heat exchanger, has a plate-like support structure or shroud with a main opening defining an air passage for ventilation of the heat exchanger. An electric drive motor is fixed to the support structure or shroud. An impeller is arranged inside the main opening and driven by the drive motor. A spray protection screen associated with a side of the motor remote from the impeller is fixed to the support structure or shroud in such a way that, during use, it is substantially vertical and defines an inlet opening for an air flow for cooling the motor. The spray protection screen has an outwardly projecting deviating formation designed to deflect outside of the inlet opening, water which may flow over the outer surface of the screen during operation of the fan unit.

Abstract: Materials, components, and methods are provided that are directed to the fabrication and use of micro-scale channels with a fluid for a heat exchange system, where the temperature and flow of the fluid is controlled, in part, through the macroscopic geometry of the micro-scale channel and the configuration of at least a portion of the wall of the micro-scale channel and the constituent particles that make up the fluid. Moreover, the wall of the micro-scale channel and the constituent particles are configured such that collisions between the constituent particles and the wall are substantially specular. Accelerating and decelerating elements provided herein can be configured with micro-scale channels which can trace out a generally spiral path.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising substantially square (rectangle) conduits featuring a screw like turbulator designed for square conduits. The tubes are designed for reclaiming heat from waste fluids. The tubes are substantially parallel to the flow direction of the waste fluid, thus resulting in a simple and cost effective construction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of stacked corrugated plates, each plate having a plurality of parallel main corrugations each having longitudinal peak ridges and trough ridges, wherein either or both of the peak ridges and trough ridges have an undulating profile so as to define a plurality of summits in a common plane.

Abstract: The battery cell design includes a battery cell component comprises a current conducting element, that includes at least a portion that is hollow, further component is configured to be located within a battery cell. Another embodiment of the component comprises a first element that defines a first fluid path therein; and a second element that defines a second fluid path, wherein the two fluid paths are in communication with each other, further wherein the battery cell component is configured to conduct electric current. A battery cell and battery cell assembly that uses the component, and a method of cooling a battery assembly is also disclosed. The present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiment(s), and it is recognized that equivalents, alternatives, and modifications, aside from those expressly stated, are possible and within the scope of the appending claims.

Abstract: A cooling device with which thicknesses of cover portions may be reduced. According to a first aspect of the present invention, the cooling device is equipped with a frame-shaped frame portion, cover portions, a supply port, a discharge port, and projection portions. The cover portions cover openings in the frame portion. The supply port is provided in the frame portion and supplies a cooling medium into the frame portion. The discharge port is provided in the frame portion and discharges the cooling medium in the frame portion to an exterior of the frame portion. The projection portions are projected from inner side faces of the frame portion and form a fluid channel along which the cooling medium flows in the frame portion. The cover portions are fixed to the projection portions.

Abstract: Dual heat sinks, apparatuses, and methods for installing a dual heat sink for distributing a thermal load are provided. Embodiments include a top base to couple with a first integrated circuit of a first board and to receive a first thermal load from the first integrated circuit; a bottom base to couple with a second integrated circuit of a second board and to receive a second thermal load from the second integrated circuit; and a thermal dissipating structure coupled between the top base and the bottom base, the thermal dissipating structure to receive and distribute the first thermal load and the second thermal load from the top base and the bottom base; wherein a height of the thermal dissipating structure is adjustable so as to change a distance separating the top base and the bottom base.

Abstract: An improved reactor process is provided. This process includes providing at least one reactor tube, the reactor tube comprising an exterior and an interior, the interior comprising an inside surface, providing a heat source to the exterior of the at least one reactor tube, providing a reactant gas stream to the interior of the at least one reactor tube, placing at least one heat transfer structure in thermal contact with the inside surface of the at least one reactor tube, and transferring heat from the heat source to at least a portion of the reactant gas stream at least partially through the at least one heat transfer structure, thereby producing a product gas stream. There may be a catalyst on the interior of the at least one reactor tube. The reactant gas stream may comprise methane and steam.

Abstract: A heat dissipating device includes a base and a plurality of heat dissipating fins. Each of the heat dissipating fins includes a heat dissipating portion, a fixing portion and an overflow-proof structure. The fixing portion is fixed in the base. The overflow-proof structure is connected between the heat dissipating portion and the fixing portion. A width of the overflow-proof structure is larger than a width of the heat dissipating portion and larger than a width of the fixing portion.

Abstract: A heat sink for dissipating heat of a heat-generating element on a circuit board includes a base, a linear fastener and a heat-dissipating fin set. The linear fastener includes a fixing section disposed on the base and an engaging section extending from the fixing section. The engaging section extends out of the base to be fixed on the circuit board. The heat-dissipation fin set is combined on the base and has stamped fins. The bottom of a portion of the stamped fins is provided with a receiving means at a position corresponding to the fixing section. The fixing section is disposed in the receiving means and clamped between the heat-dissipation fin set and the base. The linear fastener is used to combine the heat-dissipating fin set on the circuit board to increase the heat-dissipating efficiency of the heat sink to the heat-generating element.

Abstract: A device for heating or cooling material, having at least one first conductive portion sized to be inserted into the material; and at least one second conductive portion conductively attached to the first portion. the second portion is sized to absorb and conduct heat or cooling from a source proximate the second portion into the first portion. The first portion heats or cools the interior of the material.

Abstract: A heat dissipating device includes a base and a plurality of heat dissipating fins. The base includes a substrate and a box, wherein the substrate and the box are formed integrally and the box has an accommodating space therein. Each of the heat dissipating fins includes a heat dissipating portion, a fixing portion and an overflow-proof structure. The fixing portion is fixed in the base. The overflow-proof structure is connected between the heat dissipating portion and the fixing portion. A width of the overflow-proof structure is larger than a width of the heat dissipating portion and larger than a width of the fixing portion.

Abstract: In a bidirectional heat sink for a package element and a method for assembling the same, the bidirectional heat sink includes a first heat-dissipating plate, a second heat-dissipating plate, and a plurality of heat-dissipating pieces. The first heat-dissipating plate is provided with a groove. Both sides of the groove are formed with two separation walls. The package element is inserted into the groove to contact the two separation walls. The second heat-dissipating plate extends from one end of the first heat-dissipating plate. Each of the heat-dissipating pieces extends from the second heat-dissipating plate in a direction away from the first heat-dissipating plat). By this structure, the contact area of the package element is increased to improve the heat-dissipating efficiency. Further, the assembling process is performed quickly to form a firm structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat-conducting element (10) for arrangement between movable components (B1, B2) in a vacuum, comprising rolling elements (11), which are guided between two running surfaces (12, 13) that can be moved linearly relative to each other, and further comprising at least one supporting element (14), which is mounted so as to spring back elastically against one of the running surfaces (12) and which contacts said running surface (12) in such a manner that a thermal bridge exists between said supporting element (14) and the running surface (12). The invention further relates to an assembly (30) made of two components (B1, B2) which can be moved relative to each other, comprising at least one linear bearing (20) accommodated between said components (B1, B2), and at least one heat-conducting element (10) according to the invention, which is arranged between the components (B1, B2) in an elastically preloaded manner.

Abstract: A system controller of a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system is configured to control the operation of a demand unit to maintain a comfort characteristic setpoint of a conditioned space. The controller includes a setback calculation module that is configured to calculate a setback value of the setpoint as a function of a recovery time from the setback value to the setpoint.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for cooling an enclosure includes an air conditioner and a control system for triggering an economizer cycle of the air conditioner. The control system determines an electrical load of equipment in the enclosure, calculates a maximum acceptable outdoor temperature at which the economizer cycle may be operated based at least partially on the electrical load, receives data representative of an actual outdoor temperature, and initiates the economizer cycle if the actual outdoor temperature is equal to or below the maximum acceptable outdoor temperature.

Abstract: An inverter controller, a method of operating a controller and a field-installable kit. In one embodiment, the controller includes: (1) a thermostat interface configured to receive conventional thermostat signals providing for a ventilation mode, first- and second-stage cooling modes and at least one heating mode and provide relay control signals for an inverter forward start relay, first- and second-stage cooling speed select relays and at least one heating relay and (2) an inverter controller coupled to the thermostat interface and configured to receive the relay control signals and provide an inverter forward start signal, an inverter high speed set, an inverter medium speed set and an inverter ventilation speed set.

Abstract: A fluid system for an intercooler has a fill level defining a maximum volume of liquid in the fluid system, a main fluid circuit and a secondary fluid volume. The main fluid circuit includes the intercooler, and one or more passages through which fluid is circulated with operation of the engine, and at least a portion of the main fluid circuit is located above the fill level. The secondary fluid volume has at least a portion located below the fill level that communicates with the main fluid circuit to receive liquid from the main fluid circuit at least when the engine is not operating to drain at least some of the liquid from the portion of the main fluid circuit that is located above the fill level. This reduces the volume of liquid that remains above the fill level when the engine is not operating.

Abstract: A system and method for cooling a heat-generating device. The system comprises a heat sink base for contacting the heat-generating device, and a plurality of heat sink fins extending from the heat sink base, wherein the fins provide airflow passages that are open along a top, a first side and a second side. An ionic air moving device is disposed along at least one side of the heat sink for moving air through the airflow passages, and a fan is mounted adjacent to the top of the fins for moving air through the airflow passages. A controller selectively controls the airflow through the heat sink using only the ionic device, only the fan, or both the ionic device and the fan. A user or a system component may instruct the controller to enter a performance mode, an energy efficiency mode, or an acoustic mode.

Abstract: A system for cooling portable facilities which include heat generating electronics, interior fans, a heat sink integrally serving as part of a wall or ceiling, and an outer heat pipe assembly in thermal communication with the heat sink allowing for heat dissipation. External fans pull external air over the outer heat pipe assembly. A first transducer monitors inner air temperature within the portable building, a second transducer monitors the outer heat pipe assembly, and a third transducer is secured proximate to a fin side of the heat sink. A controller is connected to the transducers, fans, and power supply. Computer instructions monitor temperatures from the transducers, compare the temperatures to preset limits, and individually or simultaneously actuate, regulate, or turn off the fans when monitored temperatures meet or exceed preset limits.

Abstract: Preferably, a frame supporting a containment chamber, which in turn confines a sealed process chamber, is provided. Further, at least one fluid inlet box in fluidic communication with an exterior of the sealed process chamber is presented, in which the fluid inlet box includes at least a flow adjustment structure to control a fluid flow from a fluid source around the exterior of the sealed process chamber; and an open loop heat exchange system in fluidic communication with an interior of the sealed process chamber is present, within at least a portion of the open loop heat exchange system resides internal to the sealed process chamber.

Abstract: Preferably, a frame supporting a containment chamber, with a sealed process chamber confined within the containment chamber, and at least one fluid inlet vessel in fluidic communication with an exterior of the sealed process chamber, the fluid inlet vessel including at least a flow adjustment structure to control a fluid flow from a fluid source around the exterior of the sealed process chamber; and an open loop fluid convection system in fluidic communication with an interior of the sealed process chamber, wherein the fluid convection system includes a rotary compressor assembly that extends into the sealed process chamber is disclosed.

Abstract: A subterranean tool can be actuated with one or more control lines for a hydraulic release. It can further be actuated with a shear release after a lockout feature for the shear release is defeated. The shear release features a lock that limits relative movement so that a shear member can be defeated but without a release. A dog limits relative movement in a wider groove where dog movement in the groove allows a shock absorbing feature to act to cushion the release as the shear member breaks. The relative movement is reversed to let a retaining ring drop out of the way into a groove that comes into alignment with it. The relative movement is reversed again to pull a sleeve out from under gripping collets that have previously failed to release and the tool releases from that point on the same way as the control line actuated release.

Abstract: A shear ram assembly apparatus for providing the capability to shear larger diameter well casings and internal components during ram-type blowout preventer operation while requiring less force to perform the cutting. Components of the shear ram assembly apparatus, include but not limited to a plurality of hardened cutting blades that are coated with a compound that increases the hardness and reduces the coefficient of friction of the cutting blades. In this regard, a smaller force is required to perform the cutting and the cutting blades receive less wear per cut and provide greater assurance that each cut of this failsafe apparatus is successful.

Abstract: An electrical connector module is for completing an electrical connection in a wellbore device. The module has an outer surface having at least one groove that receives and frictionally retains an electrical wire in a circuitous path that relieves strain on the wire. An electrical connector is at least partially disposed in the at least one groove and is connected to the electrical wire.

Abstract: In one aspect, an apparatus for use in a wellbore is provided that in one embodiment includes a sensor having a plurality of spaced conductive contact elements, a sensing member that moves by gravity and contacts at least two contact elements in the plurality of contact elements to create an electrical short between such at least two contact elements and a circuit coupled to the contact elements configured to generate electrical signals in response to the electrical short between the contact elements.

Abstract: A subterranean tool can be actuated with one or more control lines for a hydraulic release. It can further be actuated with a shear release after a lockout feature for the shear release is defeated. The shear release features a lock that limits relative movement so that a shear member can be defeated but without a release. A dog limits relative movement in a wider groove where dog movement in the groove allows a shock absorbing feature to act to cushion the release as the shear member breaks. The relative movement is reversed to let a retaining ring drop out of the way into a groove that comes into alignment with it. The relative movement is reversed again to pull a sleeve out from under gripping collets that have previously failed to release and the tool releases from that point on the same way as the control line actuated release.

Abstract: A retainer and guide ring includes a first ring half and a second ring half that when placed adjacent to one another forms a complete ring. The retainer and guide ring also includes a kerf that is formed between ends of each of the first and second ring halves, which ranges from about zero inches to about 0.010 inches. In some exemplary embodiments, the retainer and guide ring is formed by obtaining two identical rings and making a cut along an edge of the diameter on each ring thereby forming a larger ring arc and a smaller ring arc for each of the rings. The two larger ring arcs are used to form the retainer and guide ring. In another exemplary embodiment, the retainer and guide ring is formed by obtaining a single ring and making a cut along the diameter.

Abstract: Methods for enriching microbial populations that are indigenous to oil reservoir fluids to obtain Shewanella-enriched populations and isolated Shewanella strains useful for enhancing oil recovery from an oil reservoir are presented. In addition, the enriched populations may contain bacteria belonging to the Arcobacter genus.

Abstract: A method of heating stacked pay zones in a hydrocarbon formation by radio frequency electromagnetic waves is provided. In particular, radio frequency antenna array having multiple antenna elements are provided inside a hydrocarbon formation that has steam-impermeable structure. The antenna elements are so positioned and configured that the hydrocarbons in the place where conventional thermal methods cannot be used to heat due to the steam-impermeable structure can now be heated by radio frequency electromagnetic waves.