Abstract: A piezoelectric actuated device includes one or more areas of piezoelectric material coupled to a substrate. The piezoelectric material may be placed on regions of the substrate that exhibit the greatest curvature and stress when the device is vibrating according to a desired structural Eigenmode of vibration. The piezoelectric material may have a non-uniform density.

Abstract: An illumination system for a pico-projector that provides polarization conversion includes the combination of an optical element with a series of stacked, elongated PBSs, where alternate ones of the PBSs have a half-wave plate film applied to a back side thereof and a retarder stack film (RSF) that flips or passes different linear polarization orientations based on the wavelength of light. This combination is placed at a position in the illumination system where the impinging light is collimated to at least some degree.

Abstract: A method of developing a substrate including rotating the substrate and supplying a developing liquid from a discharge port of a developer nozzle onto the surface of the substrate, while moving the developer nozzle, disposed above the substrate, from a central portion towards a peripheral portion of the substrate, and supplying a first rinse liquid from a discharge port of a first rinse nozzle onto the surface of the substrate, while moving the first rinse nozzle, disposed above the substrate, from the central portion towards the peripheral portion of the substrate. The supplying of the developing liquid and the first rinse liquid are performed concurrently, with the first rinse nozzle being maintained nearer to a center of the substrate than the developer nozzle.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming fine patterns by employing polarization interference in a laser scanning method comprises a laser generator; a calcite wave plate configured to refract at least one of the S wave and the P wave, polarized by the polarization plate, an analyzer configured to make coincident with each other the polarization directions of the S wave and the P wave having the paths spaced apart from each other by the calcite wave plate; an exposure lens; an exposure head; an X stage; and a rotation stage configured to move the substrate mounting unit around a Z axis which is a vertical axis.

Abstract: A method for setting an illumination geometry for an illumination optical unit for EUV projection lithography is disclosed. The method includes defining a desired illumination geometry, followed by varying tilting angles of individual mirrors of the a facet mirror within one and the same individual-mirror group. In a first tilting position, the individual mirrors are assigned via a first group-mirror illumination channel to a first facet of a second facet mirror. In at least one further tilting position, the individual mirrors are assigned either via a further illumination channel to a further facet of the second facet mirror or to a switch-off illumination channel. The tilting angle variation is carried out until an actual illumination geometry corresponds to the desired illumination geometry within predefined tolerances.

Abstract: An immersion projection optical system having, for example, a catadioptric and off-axis structure, reduces the portion of an image space filled with liquid (immersion liquid). The projection optical system, which projects a reduced image of a first plane onto a second plane through the liquid, includes a refractive optical element (Lp) arranged nearest to the second plane. The refractive optical element includes a light emitting surface (Lpb) shaped to be substantially symmetric with respect to two axial directions (XY-axes) perpendicular to each other on the second plane. The light emitting surface has a central axis (Lpba) that substantially coincides with a central axis (40a) of a circle (40) corresponding to a circumference of a light entering surface (Lpa) of the refractive optical element. The central axis of the light emitting surface is decentered in one of the two axial directions (Y-axis) from an optical axis (AX).

Abstract: Disclosed relates to an optical component for a maskless exposure apparatus, and more particularly, to a micro-prism array or a micro-mirror array which is an optical component capable of screening diffused light such that the image of a pixel of a digital micro-mirror display (DMD) formed by a first image-forming lens in the maskless exposure apparatus has no influence on the image of a neighboring pixel and of totally reflecting the light after reflection or diffraction at the same time, thus improving exposure performance by using the quantity of light being transmitted without a loss and increasing numerical apertures (NAs) at the same time.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus comprising a source of EUV radiation, an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam, and a projection system configured to project the radiation beam onto a substrate, wherein the apparatus further comprises a filter configured to prevent or reduce the transmission of unwanted radiation and an apparatus configured to detect damage of the filter, wherein the damage detection apparatus comprises an antenna configured to receive radio waves and an analysis apparatus configured to determine the presence of filter damage based upon the received radio waves.

Abstract: A compact optical assembly for a laser radar system is provided, that is configured to move as a unit with a laser radar system as the laser radar system is pointed at a target and eliminates the need for a large scanning (pointing) mirror that is moveable relative to other parts of the laser radar. The optical assembly comprises a light source, a lens, a scanning reflector and a fixed reflector that are oriented relative to each other such that: (i) a beam from the light source is reflected by the scanning reflector to the fixed reflector; (ii) reflected light from the fixed reflector is reflected again by the scanning reflector and directed along A line of sight through the lens; and (iii) the scanning reflector is moveable relative to the source, the lens and the fixed reflector, to adjust the focus of the beam along the line of sight.

Abstract: A solar simulator is disclosed having a test chamber for receiving a photovoltaic device for testing, an illumination source for selectively illuminating the photovoltaic device to produce a test signal therefrom, a spectrophotometer for providing a measurement of the spectral distribution of the output of the illumination source, a database containing spectral response information of monitor cell, reference device and DUT, and a computation device for receiving said test signal and said measurement, wherein the computation device converts said test signal into a test value based on said measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the retroreflectivity of a surface. The apparatus comprises a light source for illuminating an area of said surface at an incident angle relative to the surface; a detector for detecting light reflected back from the surface at an observation angle relative to the surface; a signal processing unit adapted to receive a detector signal from the detector and to determine, from at least the received detector signal, a measure of retro reflectivity of the surface; a range finder for measuring a distance between the apparatus and the illuminated area. The signal processing unit is further adapted to adjust the measure of retroreflectivity responsive to the measured distance.

Abstract: A test instrument comprises plural first optical signal sources at a first wavelength and a distributor coupled to the plural first optical signal sources to supply the signals produced to a multi-fiber test port. Additional second wavelength signal sources may be provided, and a second test instrument for use at a second end of the link under test may be provided, to effect testing of the optical link.

Abstract: A system for inspection of a blade of a wind turbine in operation is provided. The system comprises a light projection unit, an imaging unit and a processing unit. The light projection unit generates and projects a light pattern towards a blade of a wind turbine in operation. The imaging unit captures a plurality of scanning light patterns on the blade of the wind turbine during rotation of the blade. The processing unit is configured to process the plurality of the captured d light patterns from the imaging unit for inspection of deflection of the blade. A method for inspection of a blade of a wind turbine in operation is also presented.

Abstract: A surface inspection method for inspecting a surface H of an inspection subject having a specular surface H, including: a step in which the surface H of the inspection subject is irradiated with light L from an oblique direction; a step in which measurement is conducted of the intensity of diffracted light D that is diffracted by adhering foreign matter K among light that is regularly reflected by the surface H of the inspection subject; a step in which measurement is conducted of the intensity of scattered light S that is irregularly reflected by the adhering foreign matter K; and a step in which an adhering condition of foreign matter K on the surface H of the inspection subject is determined based on measurement results for the intensity of the diffracted light D that is regularly reflected, and the intensity of the scattered light S that is irregularly reflected.

Abstract: A substrate inspection apparatus for inspecting a substrate, on which a measurement object is formed, is shown. The substrate inspection method includes measuring a substrate, on which a measurement object is formed, generating a plane equation of the substrate, and acquiring a region of the measurement object formed on the substrate. After, by considering a height of measurement object a region of the measurement object is converted into a substrate plane by plane equation,. Then, the measurement object is inspected based on a region of the measurement object converted into a substrate plane by plane equation and a region of the measurement object by reference data. Therefore, an offset value of a measurement object is acquired according to a tilted pose of the substrate, and a distortion of measurement data is compensated by using the offset value, to improve a measurement credibility of a measurement object.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing spectroscopy includes an optical waveguide comprising a fluidic channel to receive a fluid sample, in which the optical waveguide is to propagate lightwaves at a set of frequencies. The apparatus also includes a wavelength selective device coupled to the optical waveguide, in which the wavelength selective device comprises a predetermined bandwidth and is to capture frequencies of light within the predetermined bandwidth. The apparatus further includes a detector coupled to the wavelength selective device to generate signals that identify the frequencies captured by the wavelength selective device.

Abstract: A remote sensor element for spectrographic measurements employs a monolithic assembly of one or two fiber optics to two optical elements separated by a supporting structure to allow the flow of gases or particulates therebetween. In a preferred embodiment, the sensor element components are fused ceramic to resist high temperatures and failure from large temperature changes.

Abstract: In a first optical measurement device, light which is output from a light source is subject to linear polarizing in a polarizing unit, and is input to a test object A. Transmitted light which has passed through the test object A is orthogonally separated in an orthogonal separation unit, and the light which is orthogonally separated in the orthogonal separation unit is received in two light receiving units. In addition, amount of light of the transmitted light is determined by a control unit, and a difference between received light levels which are received in the light receiving unit is normalized using the amount of light which is determined in a transmitted amount of light determination unit, and then the angle of optical rotation is calculated by the angle of optical rotation calculation unit.

Abstract: In an optical sensor, a light emission system emits an irradiated light of a linear polarization in a first polarization direction toward a surface of a target object having a sheet shape from an incident direction which is inclined with respect to a normal direction of the surface. A first light detection system includes a first light detector arranged on a first light path of a specular reflected light, which is emitted from the light emission system and is specularly reflected from the target object. A second light detection system includes a second light detector arranged on a second light path of a diffuse reflected light which is diffusely reflected from an incident plane on the target object. The second light detector receives second light passed by an optical element which passes a linear polarization component of a second polarization direction perpendicular to the first polarization direction.

Abstract: A substrate positioning device includes: a supporting unit for supporting a substrate in place; a light emitting unit and a light receiving unit respectively arranged at major surface sides of the substrate to face each other; a light emission control unit configured to control a light emission quantity of the light emitting unit pursuant to a control value; and a detecting unit for detecting a light reception quantity received by the light receiving unit. The substrate positioning device further includes an adjusting unit for controlling the control value pursuant to the light reception quantity while the substrate is not supported by the supporting unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and methods for measuring the optical density of a fluid by measuring the light transmission through a reconfigurable optical path. The optical path is reconfigured by the deflection of an elastic membrane wherein the optical path length through the fluid is determined by the position of the membrane relative to a fixed surface. The optical density can be determined from two measurements with different optical path lengths through the fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical probe including: a first cell C1 including a first emitter module LED1 and a first detector module D1 suitable for producing a first detection signal; a second cell C2 including a second detector module D2 suitable for producing a first monitoring signal for monitoring the first emitter module LED1; and a control circuit for producing a first measurement signal by weighting the first detection signal by means of the first monitoring signal. Furthermore, the second cell C2 has a second emitter module LED2, the second detector module D2 is suitable for producing a second detection signal, and the first detector module D1 is suitable for producing a second monitoring signal for monitoring the second emitter module LED2.

Abstract: A method for determining an active dopant concentration profile of a semiconductor substrate based on optical measurements is disclosed. The active dopant concentration profile includes a concentration level and a junction depth. In one aspect, the method includes obtaining a photomodulated reflectance (PMOR) amplitude offset curve and a PMOR phase offset curve for the semiconductor substrate based on PMOR measurements, determining a decay length parameter based on a first derivative of the amplitude offset curve, determining a wavelength parameter based on a first derivative of the phase offset curve, and determining, from the decay length parameter and the wavelength parameter, the concentration level and the junction depth of the active dopant concentration profile.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program wherein the apparatus includes at least one interferometer where the at least one interferometer is configured to cause interference of an electromagnetic input signal; wherein the at least one interferometer is configured to receive at least one sensor input signal from at least one sensor such that the sensor input signal controls the interference of the electromagnetic input signal by the at least one interferometer; wherein the at least one interferometer is configured to provide a plurality of outputs where each of the plurality of outputs is provided by the at least one interferometer responding to the at least one sensor input signal with a different sensitivity; and at least one detector configured to detect the plurality of outputs of the at least one interferometer and provide a digital output signal indicative of the at least one sensor input signal.

Abstract: In a conventional art, vibrations of compositions (for example, a Z-stage, a ?-stage, a wafer chuck, and a detection optical system mounted above a stage linear scale) within a device are not precisely fed back to a coordinate value.

Abstract: A multiple optical channel autocorrelator based on an optical fiber circulator includes a broad-band light source, at least an optical-fiber sensor array, an adjustable multiple light beams generator, at least an optical fiber circulator and at least a photoelectric detector. The optical-fiber sensor array is composed of the sensing fibers connected end to end. The online mirrors are formed by the connecting end faces of the adjacent fibers. The adjustable multiple light beams generator includes a fixed arm and an adjustable arm. The optical path difference between the fixed arm and the adjustable arm is adjustable in order to match the optical path of each sensor in the sensor array. The optical fiber circulator couples the signals generated by the multiple light beams generator to the sensor array, and couples the signals returned by the sensor array to the photoelectric detector. The photoelectric detector is connected to the optical fiber circulator.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomographic apparatus which obtains a tomographic image of an object based on light obtained by combining return light from the object irradiated with measurement light through a first lens and reference light corresponding to the measurement light, the apparatus comprises a scanning unit provided on an optical path of the measurement light and configured to scan the measurement light on the object; a second lens disposed between the scanning unit and the object; an optical path branching unit disposed between the first lens and the second lens and configured to make the optical path of the measurement light branch off to an observation optical path for observation of the object; a dividing unit that splits light emitted from a light source into the measurement light and the reference light; and a focus lens disposed between the dividing and scanning units.

Abstract: A multiwavelength interferometer (200,300) includes a light beam splitter (8) that separates each of a plurality of light beams having wave lengths different from each other into measuring light and reference light, an interference signal generator (100) that generates an interference signal of interference light of the reference light and reflected light obtained by illuminating the measuring light on a surface (27) to be measured to be reflected on the surface for each wavelength, an illumination state changer (25) that changes an illumination state of the measuring light on the surface, a detector (222a, 222b) that detects the interference signal while the illumination state is changed, and a measurement unit (23) that measures a position of the surface using phases of a plurality of interference signals for each wavelength and intensity information of at least one interference signal of the plurality of interference signals.

Abstract: An exemplary device has a stationary portion and a movable portion. The stationary portion has a first corner-cube, an optical system including a beamsplitter, and a light detector. The movable portion comprises a second corner-cube mountable on an object that is displaceable in a principal direction relative to the stationary portion. The beamsplitter splits a beam of collimated broadband light into a reference beam and a measurement beam that are directed by the optical system to make multiple roundtrip passes from the optical system to the respective corner cubes and back. The reference beam and measurement beam interfere with each other to produce a coherence envelope sensed by the detector, wherein a detected displacement of the coherence envelope corresponds to a respective position of the object in the principal direction.

Abstract: In position-measuring devices and a systems having a plurality of position-measuring devices for determining the position of an object in several spatial degrees of freedom, the plurality of optical position-measuring devices scan the object from a single probing direction, and the probing direction coincides with one of the two main axes of motion.

Abstract: An optical emitter may be associated with an arbitrary pattern to be reflected by a component. A controller may determine proper installation of the component based on identifying the arbitrary pattern in a received optical signal.

Abstract: A system for detecting motion of a body, the system comprising: a body; a first grating mounted substantially stationary relative to a frame of reference; a second grating mounted on the body; a detector arranged to receive one or more radiation beams diffracted at the first and second gratings thereby to detect motion of the body relative to the frame of reference; wherein the detector is coupled to the body and moveable relative to the body.

Abstract: A position of a lens is detected by detecting, using a phototransistor, light that is emitted from a photodiode and that varies depending on lens position. A control unit divides a moving range of the lens into a plurality of areas, approximates a relationship between lens positions and current of the phototransistor for each of the areas, corrects a current of the phototransistor using the approximated relationship so as to obtain a corrected detection current having a linear relationship with respect to lens positions, and detects the position of the lens using the obtained corrected detection current.

Abstract: An image processing adapter having an input connected to a digital image source for receiving digital image data generated or captured by the source. A processing system in the adapter automatically processes the received digital image data to produce processed image data customized for the digital image source. An output connected to the processing system outputs the processed image data to a connected PC or to a network node at a predetermined network destination.

Abstract: image boundary detection devices and methods include processes. Processes include setting an image recording mode to a second recording mode. First and second recording modes utilize first and second density values, respectively. Second density values are less than corresponding first density values, Processes include reducing first density values to second density values when the second recording mode is set. Processes include setting an image boundary determination threshold to one of a first and second threshold value when a respective one of the first and second recording mode is set. The second threshold value is less than the first threshold value, Processes include calculating density gradient values based on one of the first and second density value when the respective one of the first and second recording mode is set. Processes include determining whether pixels are image boundaries using density gradient values and the image boundary determination threshold.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms an image based on image data generated by executing an image process includes a first determination unit configured to determine whether a predetermined process causing a delay in the image process being executed has occurred, a second determination unit configured to determine whether a condition for an adjustment unit to perform an adjustment for maintaining the image formation has been satisfied based on condition information indicating the condition, and an instructing unit configured, in a case where the first determination unit determines that the predetermined process causing a delay in the image process being executed has occurred and the second determination unit determines that the condition has been satisfied, to instruct the adjustment unit to perform the adjustment.

Abstract: In an online collage-based editor, a method for determining an effective aspect ratio for a selected project orientation that includes a group of two or more available page sizes having different aspect ratios and displaying a project page at a derived aspect ratio in the GUI during editing includes the steps (a) determining for each page size in the group, the viewable area of each page, (b) recording the aspect ratios of the viewable areas of step (a), (c) using a mathematical function, describing a total amount of error present amongst the available aspect ratios of step (b) for a given aspect ratio, (d) using a mathematical program, process, or automated calculation tool, finding the effective aspect ratio that minimizes the function and hence the error value of step (c), and (e) displaying the project page at the selected effective aspect ratio.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing laser texturing of solid substrates are disclosed. The texturing may be used to provide grayscale images obtainable from substrates, which may include steel, aluminum, glass, and silicon. In some embodiments, images may be obtainable from the substrate by modifying the reflective, diffractive, and/or absorptive features of the substrate or the substrate surface by forming random, periodic, and/or semi-periodic micro-structure features on the substrate (or substrate surface) by an ultrafast laser pulse train. The ultrafast pulse train may be modulated in order to vary, for example, optical exposure time, pulse train intensity, laser polarization, laser wavelength, or a combination of the aforementioned. The ultrafast pulse train and the substrate may be scanned with respect to each other to provide different optical energies to different regions of the substrate (or substrate surface).

Abstract: This invention generates a high-quality image by controlling the superimposition relationship between dots to be printed in multi-pass printing by a printhead including a plurality of printing elements. When a yellow dot is printed after printing a cyan dot in one scan in multi-pass printing, image data serving as a processing target is generated as follows. In cyan and yellow halftone image data for each scan, halftone image data having dots at a common pixel are set to correspond to a scan in which yellow dot data precedes cyan dot data. A yellow dot is printed as a layer lower than a cyan dot.

Abstract: A basic color to be printed in achromatic colors (a layer superimposed with another layer) is changed in response to the brightness of a pixel indicated by the original image data.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus may include a controller. The controller may be configured to receive a desired number of pages to fit to a single sheet and determine whether the received desired number of pages is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference number of pages. The controller may be further configured to set a number of pages to fit to a single sheet to the received desired number of pages if the received desired number of pages is equal to or greater than the predetermined reference number of pages and display an error screen if the received desired number of pages is smaller than the predetermined reference number of pages.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a printing function, a scanner function, and a control unit. In the printing function, a printed material acquired by recording image data included in a printing job received through a network on a recording paper is discharged. In the scanner function, the image data is acquired by reading a manuscript. The control unit judges whether the scanner function is in use for a long time (step A2) at the time of receiving the printing job (step A1). A printed material is discharged to an in-body discharge tray when it is judged that the scanner function is not in use for a long time (step A3). The printed material is discharged to a side discharge tray when it is judged that the scanner function is in use for a long time (step A5).

Abstract: An operation receiving apparatus includes an input data display unit, an output data display unit, an operation reception unit, and a setting unit. The input data display unit displays input data. The output data display unit displays output data generated from the input data on the basis of a processing condition. The operation reception unit receives an operation for the input data that is displayed by the input data display unit and an operation for the output data that is displayed by the output data display unit. The setting unit sets the processing condition to be different depending on whether the operation reception unit receives an operation as an operation for the input data that is displayed by the input data display unit or as an operation for the output data that is displayed by the output data display unit.

Abstract: A print control apparatus includes rendering units performing rendering in response to a print instruction described in a page description language; a print instruction storage unit storing the print instruction for printing pages; a distribution unit sequentially distributing process requests, each specifying which page is to be rendered, and reference information for accessing the print instruction, to the rendering units; and a process request storage unit storing process requests. The rendering units each execute rendering by accessing the print instruction based on the reference information, and extracting a part of the print instruction of a specified page to image data. The distribution unit distributes a process request when there is a rendering unit to which the process request is distributable in ascending order, and, when there is no such rendering unit, stores the process request, and selects and distributes a smallest-page-number process request to one rendering unit.

Abstract: A reading apparatus includes an auto document feeder configured to be openable and closable around a hinge with respect to a unit including an image sensor. The auto document feeder includes a roller configured to move a document relative to the image sensor, a motor, a gear train configured to transmit a rotation of a rotational shaft of the motor to the roller, and an encoder unit configured to detect rotation information of the motor, and including a sensor and a code wheel. An orientation of the rotational shaft is substantially parallel to a rotational axis of the hinge, and the gear train is arrayed in a direction of an extension of the rotational shaft. A gear that is a part of the gear train is attached to one end of the rotational shaft, and the code wheel is attached to the other end thereof.

Abstract: A reading apparatus includes an image sensor, a movement mechanism including a motor that relatively moves between a document and the image sensor, an encoder that detects information about the relative movement, and a control unit that controls driving of the motor and reading by the image sensor based on the detection by the encoder, wherein when a read-suspension event occurs during the reading, the control unit performs control such that the reading is continued while decelerating the motor, a relative position of a last read pixel with respect to a read position by the image sensor is monitored based on the detection by the encoder, and the driving of the motor is stopped when the read position is determined to reach a stop position set within the last read pixel, and the motor is driven again to resume the reading with a pixel next to the last read pixel.

Abstract: Depending on the environment of an operating system, it may be difficult to set print setting information desired by a user, resulting in a decrease in operability for the user. A printer driver activates software that operates in a desktop UI environment, by an additional process which is different from print processing when printing is performed. Accordingly, a print setting screen that can set the print setting information desired by the user is displayed.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a power supply unit, an operation unit, and an image processing unit. The power supply unit supplies power in first power supply mode or second power supply mode. The operation unit receives power from the power supply unit in first or second power supply mode and accepts an input from a user. The image processing unit receives the power if the power supply unit is in first power supply mode. At least one of the operation unit and the image processing unit determines whether a predetermined condition is satisfied if the power supply unit is in first power supply mode. At least one of the operation unit and the image processing unit is configured to perform a shutoff process to shut off power supply to at least one of electronic components in the image processing device if the predetermined shutoff condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An apparatus for outputting an image is provided. The apparatus includes a printer; a storage to store screen data on a screen in which a plurality of objects are provided and on which settings regarding a process for printing an image onto paper with the printer are made; an obtaining portion to obtain image data on a target image to be outputted; a display device to display, if a medium to which the target image is outputted is electronic paper, the screen based on the screen data in a manner to hide or not to place an unrelated object which is included in the objects and is not related to the electronic paper; and an output portion to output the image data to the electronic paper based on conditions designated on the screen displayed in such a manner that the unrelated object is hidden or not placed.

Abstract: An event notification system includes a terminal and devices coupled thereto via a network that process jobs provided from the terminal The device includes a database in which a subscription including an event type and a notification address is registered on the basis of a notification registration request from the terminal In the device, an event generator generates an event with event data indicating a status change within the device. Given the status change of a job, a value indicating a requestor of the job process is included in the event data. When the event data includes the requester, an event notification manager sends a notification to the notification address in the subscription including the values of the status change and the requester, and sends the notification to the notification address in the subscription including the value of the status change.