Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for improving the operation of a multi-cylinder auto-ignition internal combustion engine. By configuring the cylinders in multiple groups based on compression ratios, and operating the cylinders in a load-dependent manner, fuel consumption may be improved.

Abstract: Provided is an rpm control device for a general-purpose engine, which is capable of realizing droop control in a spark-ignition engine only by the adaptation of isochronous control. When the droop control is selected, a rotation decrease rate (K) (value equal to or smaller than 1) is obtained from an engine rpm and a load. The result of multiplication of a basic target rpm (Nb) requested by a driver by the rotation decrease rate (K) is obtained as a target rpm (No). By setting the rotation decrease rate to a smaller value as the load becomes higher, the target rpm (No) is set smaller than the basic target rpm (Nb). The isochronous control is performed by using an electronic throttle so as to achieve the obtained target rpm (No) to realize the droop control in a pseudo-manner.

Abstract: An engine includes a carburetor including a variable venturi having a fixed surface and an adjustable surface that form a constricted section, a throttle valve downstream of the variable venturi, a governor assembly including a governor configured to detect an engine speed of the engine, a governor arm coupled to the governor, the venturi, and the throttle valve, and a governor spring coupled to the governor arm to bias the throttle valve towards the fully open position, and a vacuum actuator including an actuator linkage coupled to the governor spring and also coupled to a pressure-sensitive member for movement with the pressure-sensitive member in response to an engine vacuum, and an actuator spring biasing the actuator linkage to increase the tension on the governor spring.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a spark ignition engine, comprising: discharging exhaust gases via an exhaust system comprising exhaust pipes from the at least two cylinders coming together to form an exhaust manifold; and initiating autoignition with exhaust gas from a first, exhaust-gas-supplying cylinder, which is discharged from the first cylinder into the exhaust system, the exhaust gas is introduced into an adjacent, exhaust-gas-receiving cylinder via the exhaust system. Exhaust gas from the first cylinder mixes with the air-fuel mixture of an adjacent cylinder raising the temperature therein. Under high loads the higher temperature and density of the aircharge is suitable to undergo autoignition.

Abstract: An operating mode for an internal combustion engine, in particular a directly injected internal combustion engine having a plurality of combustion chambers, in particular for a directly injected gasoline engine, e.g. for a motor vehicle, having low NOx combustion (NAV). During the NAV operating mode that is the subject matter of this invention, at an ignition point (ZZP) a largely homogeneous, lean fuel/exhaust gas/air mixture having a combustion air ratio of ??1 in the respective combustion chamber is spark ignited by an ignition device, whereby the flame front combustion initiated by the ignition device (FFV) transitions to a controlled auto-ignition (RZV). The NAV operating mode enables a controlled auto-ignition to be performed in an engine load range in which a pure RZV operating mode is no longer stable enough to be implemented.

Abstract: The application relates to spark initiation under varied aircharge density and composition. An engine is disclosed comprising at least two cylinders with spark plugs therein; an integrated exhaust manifold, the integrated exhaust manifold having a wall portion and an adjustable shutoff element within the wall portion wherein the wall portion divides exhaust pipes of the at least two cylinders and the adjustable shutoff element allows exhaust gas from a first cylinder into an exhaust pipe of an adjacent cylinder. Hot exhaust gas may be taken into an adjacent cylinder serving as ignition gas and allowing the engine of the present disclosure to undergo spark ignition at low loads, or autoignition at high loads.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for optimizing the operation of a multi-cylinder auto-ignition internal combustion engine. By configuring the cylinders in multiple groups based on compression ratios, and operating the cylinders in a load-dependent manner, fuel consumption may be optimized.

Abstract: Embodiments for starting an engine are provided. In one embodiment, an engine control method comprises, during engine cranking, commencing fuel injection when intake manifold pressure drops below a threshold, the threshold based on fuel volatility. In this way, the stability of engine starts using low volatility fuels may be increased.

Abstract: This internal combustion engine utilizes a rotary piston motion simultaneously having an upward and downward stroke to facilitate a power output. In comparison to existing engines, this engine possesses fewer parts, has enhanced fuel economy and performance, and is capable of using alternative fuels. The drive shaft is connected directly to the piston and a fixed arm is attached to the driveshaft. The fixed arm has a rotating bushing traversing upon an inclined bearing surface to allow rotary and reciprocating motion of the piston.

Abstract: Embodiments for indicating fuel rail temperature sensor degradation are provided. In one embodiment, an engine method comprises delivering gaseous fuel to a cylinder based on feedback from a fuel rail temperature sensor, and during select conditions, indicating fuel rail temperature sensor degradation based on a difference between measured fuel rail temperature and an expected temperature. In this way, measured fuel rail temperature may be correlated with other engine temperatures to detect sensor degradation.

Abstract: A system is provided for an internal combustion engine comprising, at least two cylinders wherein the at least two cylinders form at least two groups, wherein each group comprises at least one cylinder, the at least one cylinder of at least one group being formed as a cylinder which can be activated in a load-dependent manner and which is deactivated if a predefined load is undershot. The at least two groups are characterized by different compression ratios, the at least one cylinder of a first group having a higher compression ratio and the at least one cylinder of a second group having a lower compression ratio and the at least one cylinder of the second group comprises an activatable and deactivatable cylinder. Use of the first cylinder group, and deactivation of the second cylinder group during partial loads increases engine efficiency and fuel economy.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel injection pump for pressurizing fuel and delivering it for injection into a internal combustion engine is provided. The high-pressure fuel injection pump has an inlet, at least one plunger and a suction channel positioned between the inlet and the at least one plunger, wherein at least a part of the suction channel is thermally insulated from the remaining part of the high-pressure fuel injection pump. A fuel injection system including such a high-pressure fuel injection pump is also provided. Alternatively to, or in combination with, the thermal insulation of the suction channel, a bleed valve can be connectively arranged at the suction channel of the high-pressure fuel injection pump.

Abstract: Variable-compression engine assemblies with an internal combustion device and a flywheel are presented herein. An engine assembly is disclosed which includes an output shaft and a flywheel, which includes a variable cam surface and is slidably mounted onto the output shaft and rotatable about a flywheel axis. Also included is an internal combustion device with a piston that is movable along a central axis in a cycle between refracted and extended positions. The piston engages the variable cam surface, and the central axis of the piston is spaced from the flywheel axis. The cycle includes a power stroke when the piston moves from the retracted position to the extended position whereby the piston presses against the variable cam surface and thereby rotates the flywheel, and a compression stroke when the piston moves from the extended position to the retracted position responsive to the variable cam surface.

Abstract: An opposed-piston, opposed-cylinder engine is disclosed that has the pistons symmetrically arranged in the opposed cylinders. In one embodiment, the inner pistons are exhaust pistons and the outer pistons are intake pistons. Alternatively, the inner pistons are intake pistons and the outer pistons are exhaust pistons. The pistons are coupled to the crankshaft that is situated between the opposed cylinders. Central axes of the two cylinders are offset by a predetermined distance. The connecting rods that couple between the crankshaft and the pistons are arranged adjacent to each other on journals of the crankshaft. The journal to which the pushrods couple is not a split-pin type. Instead, it is one that has a common central axis. Furthermore, the crankshaft is a one-piece or unitary structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for cooling charge air for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. The device comprises a plurality of first coolant pipes for conducting a first coolant and a plurality of second coolant pipes for conducting a second coolant, wherein the first coolant pipes and the second coolant pipes extend in a longitudinal extension direction of the device and the plurality of first coolant pipes is arranged adjacent to the plurality of second coolant pipes in a transverse extension direction of the device.

Abstract: A valve device controls the air intake for a compressor of a vehicle. The valve device includes a valve housing having a first compressed air inlet for connecting to an ambient air infeed, a second compressed air inlet for connecting to a charge air infeed, through which pre-compressed air can be fed, and a compressed air outlet for connecting to the compressor. The valve device includes a first switched state in which the compressed air outlet is fluidically connected to the first compressed air inlet, and a second switched state in which the compressed air outlet is fluidically connected to the second compressed air inlet. The valve device includes a switching device capable of switching the valve device between the first switched and the second switched state.

Abstract: An engine system for a vehicle is described in which a turbocharger adapted to compress intake air is thermally coupled to a charge air cooler device operatively interposing the turbocharger and the engine. The system further includes a reconfigurable cooling system operable in three modes based on the flow of coolant and temperatures detected therein. In particular, the approach may be used to enhance engine warm-up in cold ambient conditions without costly additional devices.

Abstract: Systems, methods and techniques for exhaust gas recirculation are provided. The system includes a variable venturi device that connects an inlet air supply line and recirculating exhaust gas supply line to an intake manifold supply. A controller in communication with at least one pumping pressure sensor and a flow control element position sensor associated with the variable venturi mixing device is operable to determine a flow rate of the recirculating exhaust gas. The flow rate determination may be used to control NOx emissions during operation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A separator device for a system for recirculation of blow-by gases of an internal-combustion engine comprises an elongated casing defining a separation chamber with an inlet at one end, for communication with the crankcase, an outlet at the second end, for communication with the intake system of the engine, and an end wall with at least one draining sump for draining the liquid separated in the separation chamber for return of the separated liquid into the crankcase. Associated to said inlet is an open/close element with flexible flap that opens when the crankcase is in overpressure with respect to the separation chamber, whereas associated to each draining sump is a membrane open/close element that, in the aforesaid condition of overpressure, closes, whereas, when the crankcase is in negative pressure, opens, enabling return of the liquid separated and collected inside each draining sump into the crankcase.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device and system for processing concrete. Certain embodiments may include a conveyor belt, milling, planning and shaping assemblies, specialized sawing assemblies, and a finishing assembly. The milling, or shaping assembly may be implemented during different phases of the process. Tools would be mounted along the conveyor belt and affixed directly over the conveyor belt, or mounted horizontally along side of the conveyor to produce a shaping or tolerance specification as desired. A tungsten, carbide milling apparatus or diamond grinding drum may be housed in a steel enclosure with a motor or hydraulic direct or belt drive. Next the saw assemblies may be placed and affixed directly over the conveyor belt. The second saw assembly is oriented perpendicularly to the first saw assembly or devices or mechanization may be added to position the concrete prior to entering the sawing machine. Various finishing assemblies are also disclosed.

Abstract: Aluminum may be used as a fuel source to power small vehicles, unmanned vehicles or underwater vehicles, other small robotics, backup or regular underwater power sources (e.g., for oil rigs), or as an emergency power source in flooded or disaster areas. Reactors are described that harvest energy produced by the exothermic oxidative reaction of aluminum or an aluminum alloy with water, with the assistance of liquid gallium as a depassivating agent.

Abstract: A heating element can comprise a ceramic material doped with various elements. The heating element can be heated by forcing a fuel to flow through the ceramic material, where the fuel interacts with the dopants. The interaction can produce energy in the form of heat. Inventive aspects of the present material include apparatus and methods for modulation of the heat energy, physical features providing for an increase in the rate of heat release, optimization of materials and material morphology for quantity and efficiency of heat release and provision for fueling and maintenance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating thermal energy, the method comprising: (i) contacting a surface of a metal with an atmosphere comprising hydrogen to form a surface having hydrogen absorbed thereon; and (ii) exposing the surface having hydrogen absorbed thereon to an atmosphere comprising oxygen, wherein the oxygen reacts with the absorbed hydrogen to produce thermal energy, wherein before performing step (ii) the surface is activated with an atmosphere comprising water.

Abstract: A multi-layered sheet includes a layer of a moisture-permeable base material and a layer of a moisture-permeable resin formed on a surface of the layer of the moisture-permeable base material, wherein the moisture-permeable resin may also be found inside the layer of the moisture-permeable base material and the moisture-permeable resin includes a resin that adheres to the moisture-permeable base material and a water-insoluble powdery or granular material that generates heat by moisture absorption and that is a hydrolysate of a substance derived from a plant and/or hydrolysate of a substance derived from an animal, wherein in the total amount of the moisture-permeable resin, the amount of the resin that adheres to the moisture-permeable base material is 20 to 80 mass % and the amount of the water-insoluble powdery or granular material that generates heat by moisture absorption is 80 to 20 mass %.

Abstract: According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of solar thermal collectors, solar heating systems, and thin plate heat exchangers and absorbers. The thin plate heat exchangers and absorbers may be used for solar applications and/or non-solar applications. In an exemplary embodiment, a solar thermal collector generally includes a first layer comprising polymer and configured to allow sunlight to pass therethough. A second layer comprises polymer and is configured to absorb thermal energy from sunlight. The second layer includes edges heat sealed to edges of the first layer. A permeable core is disposed between the first and second layers. In operation, a heat transfer fluid may flow through the permeable core and directly contact the second layer, whereby thermal energy is transferrable from the permeable core and the second layer to the heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A solar power system, comprising a solar receiver that absorbs solar radiation, at least first and second fluid flow paths passing through the receiver, a first working fluid flowable through the first fluid flow path to absorb thermal energy from the receiver up to a first maximum temperature and a second working fluid flowable through the second fluid path to absorb thermal energy from the receiver up to a second maximum temperature.

Abstract: A tubular heat-absorbing element partly enclosed in an insulating layer or jacket, has absorbing surface that is accessible to solar radiation. The thermal insulation is designed to provide entry to solar radiation by way of a cavity. The absorbing surface can be substantially planar.

Abstract: A method for producing a solar heat absorber for a solar collector, the solar heat absorber having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The method includes the steps of providing a first and a second substantially flat metal plate, laser welding the plates together at least along a perimeter of the plates, providing at least a circumferential weld while pressing the plates together, placing the welded plates in a press that provides its pressure at the weld or welds and the press applying a pressure of at least 200 tons per m2 of absorber, and then providing a fluid under a pressure to the absorber via at least one of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet.

Abstract: A solar absorber system includes a solar absorbing layer that receives and converts solar radiation to thermal energy. The solar absorber assembly includes an anisotropic material to more effectively move the absorbed energy to a fluid conduit for capture and storage.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) providing a lignocellulosic substrate; (b) contacting said lignocellulosic substrate with an extractant comprising a water-soluble organic solvent to form an extracted substrate and a miscella; (c) removing miscella from said extracted substrate; and (d) hydrolyzing said extracted substrate using a chemically catalyzed process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the inhalation delivery of aerosols containing small particles. Specifically, it relates to a method of forming an aerosol for use in inhalation therapy. The method involves: (a) heating a substrate coated with a composition comprising a drug to form a vapor, wherein the coated composition is in the form of a film less than 10? thick; and, (b) allowing the vapor to cool, thereby forming an aerosol, which is used in inhalation therapy. In another aspect, a method of forming an aerosol for use in inhalation therapy is provided, wherein the method comprises: (a) heating a substrate coated with a composition comprising a drug to form a vapor in less than 100 milliseconds, wherein the vapor has a mass greater than 0.

Abstract: The specification describes anesthesia systems with an integrated, extendable clinical center and clinician/anesthesia office that accommodates for physical separation of clinical and clerical functions. The disclosed anesthesia systems allow for a portion of the system to be brought closer to the patient such that clinical controls can be accessed while tending to the patient airway, without compromising office space available to the clinician or crowding the patient area.

Abstract: A collapsible inhalation device for use with a metered dose inhaler (MDI) dispenser includes an outlet end member, an inlet end member and a tubular, pliable, collapsible sleeve member attached at either end to the inlet and outlet members. The outlet end member includes a mouthpiece. The inlet end member includes an inlet port and an MDI dispenser mount structure configured to receive and engage the MDI dispenser. The inhalation device is positionable in each of an open position, wherein the sleeve member defines a chamber, and a closed position, wherein the sleeve member is collapsed and enveloped by the outlet end member and the inlet end member.

Abstract: In an anesthesia vaporizer for vaporizing an anesthetic agent liquid and a method of vaporizing an anesthetic agent liquid in an vaporizer, an evaporation unit evaporates the anesthetic agent, a delivery unit intermittently adds a volume of said liquid to the evaporation unit in order to evaporate at least a portion of the volume of the liquid from the evaporation unit. A heat energy storage unit includes a phase change material (PCM) and is thermally coupled to at least a portion of the evaporation unit. The PCM has a phase shift temperature that is higher than the evaporation temperature of the anesthetic agent. The PCM in the heat energy storage unit is preferably at least partly liquid at an operative temperature of the vaporizer.

Abstract: A filtering powdered medicament inhaler comprising a base (1) and an upper base (2). The upper base (2) has arranged therein a separator (62), which is connected at the bottom to a pressure groove (63). The upper base (2) has arranged thereon a hollow tube exterior connector (10) matching a suction tube (131). The hollow tube (19a) and a cavity (9) on one side of the separator (62) are interconnected via conduit (18), or, the hollow tube (19a) is extended for about 8 centimeters to form a mouthpiece. The upper base (2) has arranged in the cavity (9) thereof a filter (121). The base (1) is provided with an external base cover (72) which covers a press-button (5a) so as to reduce air flow into the cavity (9). The medicament inhaling conduit of the inhaler is relatively sealed and allows for rapid entrainment of a sufficient dosage of powdered medicament.

Abstract: A therapeutic face mask comprises a face-engaging portion and a single connector having a mask-engaging end and a single treatment-receiving end which has a single attachment mounting for detachably sealingly receiving a treatment attachment, such as an oxygen reservoir bag or a nebulizer. A one-way inhalation valve in the connector permits fluid flow from the treatment-receiving end to the mask-engaging end during inhalation and inhibits fluid flow in the other direction. The mask also includes a valve-governed exhalation port and an anti-asphyxia valve assembly configured to permit fluid flow from ambient to the face-engaging portion during inhalation only when inspiratory effort during inhalation exceeds fluid flow to the treatment-receiving end of the connector. Also provided is an oxygen reservoir bag having a neck shaped for removable coupling to a mating connector of a therapeutic face mask. An oxygen reservoir bag may have a metered-dose inhaler port defined in its neck.

Abstract: A monitoring and control system, apparatus and method for safe administration, reduction or cessation of administration of at least on medication, fluid or both, which includes at least one Central Source Site (CSS) Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor coupled to means for control of delivery of the at least one medication, fluid or both.

Abstract: A respiratory treatment apparatus and method in which a leak is determined by using an averaging window. The window starts at the present time and extends back in time to a point determined according to a current one of progressively detected phase measures of a first respiratory cycle and a corresponding phase measure attributable to a preceding second respiratory cycle. In another aspect, a jamming index indicates whether the leak is rapidly changing. To the extent that jamming is high, the leak estimate used progressively changes from that using sliding breath-window averaging to a more robust and faster responding low-pass filter method, and adjustment of ventilatory support based on measures employing estimated respiratory flow is slowed down or stopped.

Abstract: A system and method for automated inspiratory muscle strength exercise includes software for setting a mechanical ventilator for a pressure regulated breath with an initial pressure target that is at the highest pressure setting a patient can tolerate and increasing the pressure target as tolerated.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems, methods and devices for respiratory support. As one example, a method for respiratory support is described that includes providing a measured pressure, and calculating a net flow based on at least one measured inlet flow and measured outlet flow. A relationship between a first value related to the measured pressure, a second value related to the measured net flow and a third value related to patient effort is used to provide a prediction of patient effort. An interim value is updated based at least in part on the prediction of the patient effort, and used to help compute a patient effort. A ventilation cycle is initiated using the computed patient effort.

Abstract: A ventilator system (100/200/300/400) includes an integrated blower (130/230/330). In one case, the ventilator system includes: an inspiration port (122/222/322) for connection to an inspiratory limb (112/212/312) of a dual-limb patient circuit (110/210/310), and an expiration port (142/242/342) for connection to an expiratory limb (114/214/314) of the dual-limb patient circuit; a gas delivery device (120/220/320) connected to the inspiration port to supply a pressurized flow of gas to the inspiration port to generate a positive pressure; and a blower having an inlet (132/232/332) that is operatively connected to the expiration port and configured to be controlled to selectively supply a negative pressure level between 4 and 120 cmH2O to the expiration port, and an outlet (134/234/334) to exhaust gas received from the expiration port. In another case, the ventilator system includes a blower to generate positive pressure/flow to augment flow for noninvasive ventilation.

Abstract: Applicants have disclosed an “Articulating Headgear Connector for Respiratory Masks” which allows three-dimensional movement of the headgear connector to alleviate the mechanical forces incurred from a wearer's head movement, and thus maintain an effective seal. In the preferred embodiment, the invention comprises: a CPAP mask having a plastic shell; the mask has a stub tube extending outwardly from the shell; a headgear connector mounted loosely onto the stub tube; a T-shaped nib on the elbow guides the headgear's movement; whereby the headgear connector can slide forward on the stub tube (i.e., move along the Z axis), guided by the nib; and, whereby the headgear connector can rock (i.e., about the X-Y axes) and its sides seesaw on the stub tube (i.e., along the Z-axis), with the amount of rotation and seesawing limited by the nib.

Abstract: An airway stabilization system is provided which may be fitted to any airway device to maintain an airway in a patient and which prevents clinically significant movement of the airway device with respect to the patient's vocal cords in response to the application of significant forces in any direction to the device, be they longitudinal, torsional/rotational or bending. The system comprises an improved airway device and an improved securing device having interactive components that cooperate integrally with and engage one another to provide unparalleled strength and stability against movement. The securing device includes a unique stabilizer conjured to releasable engage or release a retention structure on the airway device with a simple twist to facilitate ease of application in all conditions. A connector is also provided for facilitating ease of connection and disconnection to a source of ventilatory air without constricting the airway device.

Abstract: A cervical cap is provided having an annular rim with a first predetermined thickness. An annular collar extends from the rim and has a second predetermined thickness that is greater than the first predetermined thickness. A dome shaped wall extends from the collar and has a third predetermined thickness that is less that the second predetermined thickness. A method of forming a cervical cap is provided that includes the steps of preparing a three part mold, injecting material into the mold, and curing the material in the mold to form the cervical cap.

Abstract: A device comprising: a backboard; a resilient material that is coupled to the backboard, wherein the resilient material comprises a tapered shape; wherein the resilient material comprises a groove, a first section and a second section; wherein the groove is between the first section and the second section; wherein the groove is configured to receive a stereotactic halo; wherein the first and second portions are configured to provide uniform anatomical support upon insertion of the stereotactic halo into the groove.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided which shield at least one turbinate from trauma or damage during sinus surgery that could be caused by direct contact with diagnostic and therapeutic devices. The devices and methods provided are particularly useful for protecting nasal turbinates during FESS and FTIS procedures.

Abstract: A cigarette-making machine of the tobacco-injecting type including a housing with an aperture and a compacting chamber in communication with the aperture for receiving loose tobacco, a compacting member mounted for reciprocal up and down motion from an initial position adjacent the top of the compacting chamber toward the bottom of the compacting chamber, an injection spoon mounted for reciprocal lateral movement from a rest position within the compacting chamber across the compacting chamber to transport rod-like compacted tobacco shapes past the ejection side of the compacting chamber, through the nipple and into a hollow cigarette tube, an electrically powered motor, and a dual purpose control disk adapted to be rotated about its axis by the motor to initially move the compacting member up and down in the compacting chamber and then to move the injection spoon across the compacting chamber as the control disk is rotated by the motor.

Abstract: Cigarette filter rods having individual objects positioned at predetermined intervals therein are prepared by transferring the individual objects from a rotating horizontal pan to a rotating vertical wheel and then depositing the object into a web of filter tow. Each object is positioned within the moving web of tow. The web filter material and the objects positioned within the web are introduced into a rod-forming unit wherein the rod is formed. The rate of feed of the filter tow, the rate of rotation of the horizontal pan and the vertical wheel are controlled relative to one another such that objects are positioned at predetermined intervals along the rod. Cigarette filter elements having well controlled amounts of flavorant contained therein can be made from the rods.

Abstract: An extendable smocking tube having a first elongated tubular body, a second elongated tubular body and a stopper. The second elongated tubular body is inserted into the first elongated tubular body such that the second elongated tubular body is coaxial and movable with respect to the first elongated tubular body between a closed position and an extended position. Density of the second elongated tubular body is greater than density of the first elongated tubular body. The stopper is positioned at the first end of the second elongated tubular body. The lengths of the first and second elongated tubular bodies are selected such that a protrusion is formed at the second end of the second elongated tubular body with respect to the second end of the first elongated tubular body when the second elongated tubular body is in the closed position.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette includes a battery assembly, an atomizer assembly and a cigarette bottle assembly. An external thread electrode is located in one end of battery assembly. An internal thread electrode is located in one end of atomizer assembly. The battery assembly and the atomizer assembly are connected by the screwthread electrode. The cigarette bottle assembly is inserted into the other end of the atomizer assembly and both form a cigarette type or cigar type body.