Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire, which is configured to be in a tire posture where the tire is assembled to an applicable rim (R) to be once filled to a specified internal pressure which is then reduced to a pressure capable of allowing the tire (1) to maintain its shape, has a land portion surface of an intermediate land portion (20, 21) positioned inward in the tire radial direction relative to a virtual arc (A) circumscribing at least part of each of a land portion surface at the center position (C) of the center land portion (17) and a land portion surface of a shoulder land portion (18, 19), in a cross section in the tire width direction, so that a step depth ? of the land portion surface of the intermediate land portion (20, 21) relative to the virtual arc (A) satisfies the following relation across the entire area of the land portion surface of the intermediate land portion (20, 21) in the tire width direction; r/400???r/100, where r is the tire radius from the tire center axis at the center position (C)

Abstract: A process for the production of a multi-layer composite comprising applying a coating layer from a pigmented coating composition A onto the back face of a transparent plastic film and then applying an NIR-opaque coating layer from a pigmented coating composition B, wherein the pigment content of coating composition A consists 50 to 100 wt. % of black pigment with low NIR absorption and 0 to 50 wt. % of further pigment, which is selected in such a way that coating layer A? exhibits low NIR absorption and that the multi-layer composite exhibits a brightness L* of at most 10 units, wherein the pigment content of coating composition B is either a pigment content PC1 consisting 90 to 100 wt. % of aluminum flake pigment and 0 to 10 wt. % of further pigment, which is selected in such a way that NIR-opaque coating layer B? exhibits low NIR absorption, or a pigment content PC2 comprising <90 wt.

Abstract: A device and method for elutriating and gluing wood chips. At least one elutriating apparatus is used to fractionate the wood chips into at least one coarse chip fraction and one fine chip fraction. The elutriating apparatus has a fall duct and is designed so that the chip fractions pass through different gluing regions in the fall duct. At least one gluing apparatus is provided in order to glue the chip fractions in the gluing regions. Thus, the chip fractions can be glued in a common apparatus specifically with a glue amount adapted to a particular average chip size.

Abstract: A method for providing a countertop with a porcelain enamel surface. A metal substrate is provided with a series of cut lines. The metal substrate is formed to fit a countertop frame. A coating of porcelain enamel is applied to the surface of the metal substrate. The porcelain enamel is fused to the sheet metal through a firing process which preferably reaches between 1380 degrees Fahrenheit and 1560 degrees Fahrenheit. The metal substrate is installed over the countertop frame.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of an inner flock coating for vehicles with an indicative and/or decorative motif, which inner flock coating is made up of a support, an adhesive layer and a flock layer made up of a set of fibres adhered to the support via the adhesive layer, wherein said motif is located on a visible surface of said inner coating and wherein said motif is performed by the combination of at least two visibly different areas of the coating, a first area and a second area on which a laser beam is applied.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a composite preform from tape material, including feeding a tape section into a tape section guide that suspends the tape across a tooling surface, moving at least one of the tape section guide and the tooling surface relative to each other to position the tape section at a desired location and orientation relative to the tooling surface, moving the tape section toward a pre-existing tape section disposed on the tooling surface, and tacking the tape section to the pre-existing tape section. A corresponding apparatus for manufacturing composite preforms is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method for a monolithic ceramic electronic component, a ceramic paste is applied by using an application plate to a side surface of each of a plurality of green chips arrayed in row and column directions which are obtained after cutting a mother block. In the applying step, the ceramic paste is transferred to the side surface by moving the green chips and the application plate relative to each other in the direction in which the side surface extends while separating the green chips from the application plate, in a state where the ceramic paste is connected to both the green chips and the application plate.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a reinforcing structure of a tyre for vehicle wheels, is carried out on a toroidal support including an outer surface, by means of at least one laying element, which can be oriented in space in a controlled way; the laying element including a laying surface adapted to act on a portion of a rubberized strip-like element for laying the same on the outer surface of the toroidal support. The reinforcing structure includes at least a first and a second radially superimposed reinforcing layers, each including a plurality of strip-like elements; each reinforcing layer having a circumferential extension about a rotation axis of the tyre and comprising thread-like reinforcing elements, arranged parallel to one another.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a tire casing and a tire having improved low-heat-generation property and durability.

Abstract: In the method for producing a tire casing of the present invention by vulcanizing a casing portion comprising a belt portion composed of multiple belt layers, a side portion and a bead portion and also comprising at least any one of a tread casing and a belt under-cushion rubber, a rubber composition containing carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of from 25 to 130 m2/g as defined in JIS K 6217-2:2001 in an amount of from 25 to 45 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component therein is used as at least the rubber composition constituting the tread casing to be a part of the tread portion or the rubber composition constituting the belt under-cushion rubber, and accordingly, the rolling resistance of the tire can be reduced and the durability thereof can be improved.

Abstract: An aerospace vessel including a fuselage, a means for causing the fuselage to fly coupled to the fuselage, and an environmental control system within the fuselage. The environmental control system includes a duct made of closed cell thermoplastic foam, such as polyvinylidene fluoride foam.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device, including a light waves-transmitting substrate having two major surfaces and edges, optical means for coupling light into the means for coupling light into the substrate by total internal reflection, and plurality of partially reflecting surfaces (22a, 22b) carried by the substrate wherein the partially reflecting surfaces (22a, 22b) are parallel to each other and are not parallel to any of the edges of the substrate, and wherein one or more of the partially reflecting surfaces (22a, 22b) is an anisotropic surface.

Abstract: A pressure vessel for containing materials under elevated pressures includes a metal liner and an adhesive layer, applied to the outer surface of the metal liner, where the adhesive layer is treated with a vacuum bag in order to secure the adhesive lo the outer surface of the liner. An overwrap layer is applied on top of the adhesive on the outer surface of the metal finer, where the overwrap layer is formed by winding a filamentary material around the liner, such that the filamentary material adheres to the adhesive forming an overwrap layer on the outer surface of the metal liner, forming the pressure vessel.

Abstract: A bat is created using efficient and automated techniques to apply layers of composite materials onto a mandrel. The system includes a plurality of rotating wrapping mechanisms binding stages. Each wrapping mechanism rotates along a central axis while a mandrel is driven through the axis. The rotational motion allows each wrapping mechanism to wrap one or more material strips along the outer surface of the mandrel. Between each wrapping layer, a binding material such as fusible thread may be applied to fuse wrapping layers together. The wrapping may be performed for the bat barrel and bat handle. Each mandrel may form two bats, and multiple mandrels can be connected together to maximize wrapping efficiency. The wrapped mandrels are separated into bat units, a resin transfer molding is performed, and the bats are completed.

Abstract: A bat is created using efficient and automated techniques to apply layers of composite materials onto a mandrel. The system includes a plurality of rotating wrapping mechanisms binding stages. Each wrapping mechanism rotates along a central axis while a mandrel is driven through the axis. The rotational motion allows each wrapping mechanism to wrap one or more material strips along the outer surface of the mandrel. Between each wrapping layer, a binding material such as fusible thread may be applied to fuse wrapping layers together. The wrapping may be performed for the bat barrel and bat handle. Each mandrel may form two bats, and multiple mandrels can be connected together to maximize wrapping efficiency. The wrapped mandrels are separated into bat units, a resin transfer molding is performed, and the bats are completed.

Abstract: A method for producing a curved profile from a rectilinear preform of preimpregnated fiber webs, including stacking webs on the deformable mandrel and winding the deformable mandrel and the stacked webs on a bending tool along an axis of rotation (X), the profile including a stack of N webs, at least one first part of the profile being positioned in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (X) and at least one second part parallel to the axis (X) whereof a face can be in contact with the bending tool. The method includes stacking the N fiber webs on the deformable mandrel, generating a heat gradient between the face and the rest of the preform that is hotter than the face, bending, in a single phase, the N webs inserted between the deformable mandrel and the bending tool, and polymerizing the N bent webs.

Abstract: A decorative stainless steel rolled sheet has an embossed pattern, suitable for use as a surface finish or an interior surface finish of products, wherein a thin stainless steel sheet subjected to surface treatment including nanoceramic coating or PVD ionic coating resulting in various colors and a release sheet alone or with a nonwoven fabric layer bonded thereto by means of a hot melt adhesive layer are embossed together and bonded to each other with the embossed pattern, thus exhibiting superior bonding strength, heat resistance, fire resistance, scratch resistance, shape stability, flexibility and wrinkling resistance. In the method of manufacturing such a decorative stainless steel rolled sheet, the rolled sheet can be mass produced at uniform quality using a continuous process.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method of applying a cold seal cohesive for product packaging is disclosed, the method including the steps of delivering a cold seal adhesive to a chambered doctor blade disposed adjacent a rotating transfer roller; transferring a quantity of adhesive to a transfer surface; rotating the transfer roller to contact a printing die mounted to a rotating die roller such that at least a first portion of the quantity of adhesive is transferred to the printing die; feeding a housing between the die roller and an adjacent rotating impression roller; rotating the die roller such that the printing die contacts the housing and transfers a portion of the quantity of adhesive from the printing die to the housing; and drying the adhesive on the housing, where the adhesive is a latex-based, dry-tack adhesive, with a viscosity of no more than 450 centipoise.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a process for recycling film materials, and is particularly directed to collecting spent release liners for labels and constructing new release liner stock from the spent materials. In order to use the waste film, the film is subjected to a process for increasing the intrinsic viscosity. In addition, a coloring agent may be incorporated into the film in order to mask yellowing. In one embodiment, a multilayered composite film is formed.

Abstract: A process for forming a solid polyurethane an airless solid core tire with a wheel rim bonded thereto where the tire bonding takes place during the tire casting or molding process where a wheel rim area, that includes a circumferential trough, is etched, treated with a primer and, after drying, receives an adhesive coating applied thereto, and the wheel is positioned in a mold to receive a mixture of polyurethane materials passed into the mold to form the airless solid core tire that is permanently bonded onto the wheel rim.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a circuit board comprises the following steps. Firstly, provide a first core layer, a second core material layer, and a central dielectric material layer. Secondly, press the first core layer, the second core material layer, and the central dielectric material layer to form a composite circuit structure. Thirdly, removing a portion of the central dielectric material layer located at a periphery of a pre-removing area and a portion of the second core material layer located at the periphery of the pre-removing area. Finally, remove a portion of the central dielectric material layer located within the pre-removing area and a portion of the second core material layer located within the pre-removing area to form a central dielectric layer and a second core layer.

Abstract: A method of making a construction for an indexable cutter insert, the method including providing a wafer (20) comprising ceramic material, the wafer (20) being substantially unsupported by a cemented carbide substrate and having a mean thickness of at most 2 mm; providing an insert base (30) having proximate and distal major ends (33, 34) connected by peripheral sides (36), the proximate end (33) of the insert base (30) being configured to have at least two corners (35) defined by junctions of the peripheral sides (36); the wafer (20) being configured to have at least two corners (25) corresponding to the two corners (35) of the proximate end (33) of the insert base (30); the method including bonding the wafer (20) to the proximate end (33) by means of a bond material, the corners (25) of the wafer (20) being disposed adjacent the corresponding corners (35) of the proximate end (33) to provide the construction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire having high durability, in which when a tire is manufactured, including: cutting at a predetermined length a laminated sheet obtained by laminating a sheet of a thermoplastic resin composition obtained by blending a thermoplastic resin and an elastomer, and rubber to be cured and adhered to the thermoplastic resin composition; lap splicing end portions of the laminated sheet; and cure-molding the laminated sheet, such that delamination does not occur between the sheet of the thermoplastic resin composition and the tie rubber sheet cured and adhered to the sheet of the thermoplastic resin composition, which collectively constitute the inner liner layer. In this method cure-molding the laminated sheet can form an inner liner layer, and the cutting can be effected by thermal cutting at a temperature equal to or higher than a melting point of the thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: Coating system for directly applying a coating layer to a substrate, the system comprising a coating layer based on a material of a cured polyester and/or a cured polyacrylate, and wherein a support fabric is integrated into the material of the coating layer on a first side of the coating layer. Use of the coating system according to the invention, comprising the steps of: applying the coating layer directly to a substrate. Method for manufacturing such a coating system.

Abstract: An adhesive article is described that is debondable from substrates or adherends with the application of heat.

Abstract: Embodiments of method of manufacturing an implantable pump, including providing an upper layer comprising a dome structure for housing a drug chamber and a cannula in fluid communication with the drug chamber, providing a middle deflection layer adjacent the drug chamber, providing a bottom layer comprising electrolysis electrodes, and bonding the upper layer, middle deflection layer, and bottom layer to form the pump.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an apparatus to manufacture joined laminated media and a method therefor. The joined laminated media that are manufactured from the membrane materials and that are joined by being pressed have no displacement, deformation of the membrane materials, or any defect in joining the boundary faces of the laminated materials, and are efficiently manufactured in a good yield. The apparatus can manufacture a joined laminated-media where the laminated media are placed in the housing space (S) that is formed by a pair of endless belts (15a, 15b) and the sealing member (24). The laminated media are then transported in a state where the laminated media are fixed by the pair of endless belts (15a, 15b) that are closely attached to the laminated media because the air is discharged from the housing space (S) through the discharge holes (17) and they are joined by being pressed in the hot-press section (11) and cold-press section (13).

Abstract: A decorative laminate, and method for making the same, includes a core layer, a print layer, an overlay layer, and a luminescent layer. The print layer includes patterns printed thereon using conventional ink. In some embodiments, the overlay layer is impregnated with a resin that includes photoluminescent material of a single color which, when exposed to UV light, causes the single color to be visible throughout. The luminescent layer includes patterns of photoluminescent materials of different colors. In the embodiments where the overlay layer includes a resin with a photoluminescent material, the different colored patterns of the luminescent layer are simultaneously visible with the single color of the overlay layer when exposed to UV light.

Abstract: A bonding structure that provides excellent conductivity and bonding between a piezoelectric body and a metal plate includes a metal plate and an electrode of a piezoelectric body bonded to one another with an electrically conductive adhesive so as to provide electrical conductivity, the electrically conductive adhesive includes carbon black with a nano-level average particle size, and has a paste form included in a solventless or solvent-based resin so that the carbon black forms an aggregate with an average particle size of about 1 ?m to about 50 ?m. The electrically conductive adhesive is applied between the metal plate and the electrode of the piezoelectric body, and the metal plate and the piezoelectric body are subjected to heating and pressurization so that the carbon black aggregate is deformed, thereby hardening the electrically conductive adhesive.

Abstract: An arrangement for supporting substrates during processing, having a wafer carrier with a susceptor for supporting the substrate and confining the substrate to predetermined position. An inner mask is configured for placing on top of the substrate, the inner mask having an opening pattern to mask unprocessed parts of the substrate, but expose remaining parts of the substrate for processing. An outer mask is configured for placing on top of the inner mask, the outer mask having an opening that exposes the part of the inner mask having the opening pattern, but cover the periphery of the inner mask.

Abstract: A carrier head for a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus includes a retaining ring having a flexible lower portion and a rigid upper portion.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck (ESC) with a cooling base for plasma processing chambers, such as a plasma etch chamber. An ESC assembly includes a 2-stage design where a heat transfer fluid inlet (supply) and heat transfer fluid outlet (return) is in a same physical plane. The 2-stage design includes an assembly of a base upon which a ceramic (e.g., AlN) is disposed. The base is disposed over a diffuser which may have hundreds of small holes over the chuck area to provide a uniform distribution of heat transfer fluid. Affixed to the diffuser is a reservoir plate which is to provide a reservoir between the diffuser and the reservoir plate that supplies fluid to the diffuser. Heat transfer fluid returned through the diffuser is passed through the reservoir plate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include an apparatus, system, and method for cooling a pedestal for supporting a workpiece during plasma processing. An embodiment of a pedestal includes: a base over which the workpiece is to be disposed, a plurality of nozzles to supply a fluid from a supply plenum to impinge on a surface of the base, and a plurality of return conduits to return the supplied fluid to a return plenum. The fluid to be supplied by the plurality of nozzles can be projected as one or more jets submerged in surrounding fluid or as a spray that emerges from a surrounding fluid within a volume between the plurality of nozzles and the base to impinge on the surface of the base.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus capable of preventing the abnormal discharge from being generated on a substrate. A housing chamber houses the substrate. A mounting stage arranged in the housing chamber, is configured to enable the substrate to be mounted thereon. A disc-like electrode structure is connected to a high-frequency power supply, and connected to a gas supply apparatus via at least one gas supply system. The electrode structure has therein at least one buffer chamber and a plurality of connecting sections connected to the gas supply system. The buffer chamber is communicated with the inside of the housing chamber via a number of gas holes, and is communicated with the gas supply system via the plurality of connecting sections. The plurality of connecting sections for the buffer chamber are arranged on the circumference of a circle centering around the center of the electrode structure at equal intervals.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus may include a process chamber configured to perform a plasma using process and contain a plurality of substrates, a support member provided in the process chamber, the substrates being laid on the same level of the support member, an injection member provided to face the support member and include a plurality of baffles, such that at least one reaction gas and a purge gas can be injected onto the substrates in an independent manner, and a driving part configured to rotate the support member or the injection member, such that the baffles of the injection member can orbit with respect to the plurality of the substrates laid on the support member. The injection member may include a plasma generator, which may be provided on at least one, configured to inject the reaction gas, of the baffles to turn the reaction gas into plasma.

Abstract: A coating apparatus having a vacuum chamber, a plurality of cathodes arranged therein and also a HIPIMS power source, characterized in that in addition to at least one coating cathode which can be operated with the HIPIMS power source a plurality of etching cathodes is provided which are smaller in area in comparison to the coating cathode, with the etching cathodes being connectable in a predetermined or predeterminable sequence to the HIPIMS power source.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate includes physically contacting an exposed conductive electrode of an electrostatic carrier with a conductor to electrostatically bond a substrate to the electrostatic carrier. The conductor is removed from physically contacting the exposed conductive electrode. Dielectric material is applied over the conductive electrode. The substrate is treated while it is electrostatically bonded to the electrostatic carrier. In one embodiment, a conductor is forced through dielectric material that is received over a conductive electrode of an electrostatic carrier to physically contact the conductor with the conductive electrode to electrostatically bond a substrate to the electrostatic carrier. After removing the conductor from the dielectric material, the substrate is treated while it is electrostatically bonded to the electrostatic carrier. Electrostatic carriers for retaining substrates for processing, and such assemblies, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for folding and applying a fold-under label to a substrate comprises a folding station having a stop and a folding arm. The apparatus further comprises an application station having an affixing member. The folding arm is configured to fold the fold-under label by transitioning from a first position adjacent the stop to a second position adjacent the affixing member. The affixing member is configured to apply the folded fold-under label to the substrate by transitioning from an initial position to a final position.

Abstract: A stabilizing mechanism for resisting relative movement of upper and lower laminates of a composite structure having a core comprises a lower grip strip and at least one upper grip strip. The lower grip strip may be mounted to a tool upon which the composite structure may be processed. The lower grip strip may include an outer surface having at least one engagement feature for engaging at least one of the upper and lower laminates which make up the composite structure. The upper grip strip may have opposing outer surfaces which may include at least one engagement feature for engaging the lower strip and at least one of the upper and lower laminates.

Abstract: A membrane cartridge is manufactured by repeatedly folding and joining two strips of membrane to foam a cross-pleated cartridge with a stack of openings or fluid passageways configured in an alternating cross-flow arrangement. The cartridge can be modified for other flow configurations including co-flow and counter-flow arrangements. Methods for manufacturing such cross-pleated membrane cartridges, as well as apparatus used in the manufacturing process are described. Cross-pleated membrane cartridges comprising water-permeable membranes can be used in a variety of applications, including in heat and water vapor exchangers. In particular they can be incorporated into energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) for exchanging heat and water vapor between air streams being directed into and out of buildings.

Abstract: A paste applying apparatus and method apply a paste within an application area. A drawing pattern is determined in advance, within the application area, for each of the application areas, and the drawing pattern has, at least, a first drawing route and a fifth drawing route for drawing in horizontal direction, a second drawing route and a fourth drawing route for drawing obliquely, and further a third drawing route, in vicinity of a side of the application area in the horizontal direction. A controller portion controls the discharge portion and the moving portion, so that the paste is applied, continuously, from a drawing start-point to a drawing end-point, which are determined in advance, through the first drawing route, the second drawing route, the third drawing route, the fourth drawing route and the fifth drawing route.

Abstract: Device for stripping a product substrate off a carrier substrate connected to the product substrate by an bonding layer by means of a film frame, a flexible film which is connected to the film frame and which has an adhesive layer for holding the product substrate in a contacting surface section of the film, the film being connected to the film frame in an attachment section of the film which surrounds the contacting surface section, as well as a solvent reservoir formed by the film frame and the film, especially of variable volume, for holding the solvent for detaching the bonding layer, and the product substrate and the bonding layer can be accommodated in the solvent reservoir, and by delivery means for delivering the solvent into the solvent reservoir and by stripping means for stripping the product substrate off the carrier substrate.

Abstract: A method for disconnecting a first mechanical part from a second magnetic mechanical part, the first mechanical part being adhered to the second magnetic mechanical part by an adhesive film along a connecting area. In the method, a magnetic field is generated at least within the connecting area so as to generate, by induction, eddy currents in the second magnetic mechanical part, to soften the adhesive film and enable disconnection of the first and second mechanical parts.

Abstract: A feeder capable of transferring and separating an adhesive component from a tap, includes a frame, a driven capstan device, a separating device, and a drive device. The driven capstan device is mounted to the frame. The separating device is mounted to the frame to separate the adhesive component from the tap. The drive device drives the tap to unwind from the driven capstan and transfer to the separating device to enable the separating device to separate the adhesive component.

Abstract: A winch powered tire bead breaker has a static support arm for temporarily mounting the bead breaker to a vehicle mountable winch and bracing there against. The bead breaker further has a moveable arm that is pivotally connected to the static support arm which is moveable relative to the static support arm. A working end of the winch can be releasably secured to the moveable arm and the winch actuated for moving the moveable arm from an open position to its closed position. The sidewalls of a wheel mounted tire, positioned between the moveable and static support arms, are squeezed as the moveable arm is actuated into its closed position for breaking a tire bead.

Abstract: A system for incorporation into a retractable covering that includes a flexible lift cord extending from a headrail to a bottom rail. The system includes a flexible protector of a length similar to that of an associated lift cord with the lift cord being operatively connected to the protector. The protector is in turn connected to a fabric extending between the headrail and the bottom rail at predetermined spaced locations so that any loop of protector formable is limited by the spacing between the locations at which the protector is connected to the fabric. The maximum size of a loop so formed in the protector and thus the lift cord associated therewith is insufficient to encapsulate a body part of a child or infant.

Abstract: A motorized roller shade includes a roller shade tube including an outer surface, an inner surface defining an inner cavity, and at least one end portion, a shade attached to the outer surface of the roller shade tube, and a counterbalancing unit configured to provide a counterbalancing force to the roller shade. The motorized shade further includes a motor configured to provide rotational exertion to the roller shade, a controller configured to provide control signals to the motor, a power supply configured to provide power at least to one of the motor and the controller, and a transfer device configured to transfer one of the control signals to the motor that is configured to rotate and power to the controller that is configured to rotate from a stationary external source.

Abstract: A mesh screen assembly with an image pattern includes: a mesh screen having opposite first and second surfaces and a plurality of screen-holes extending through the first and second surfaces, each of the screen-holes being defined by a hole-defining wall; and a plastic film bonded to the first surface of the mesh screen and having opposite first and second faces and an image pattern formed on the first face. The plastic film is perforated to form a plurality of apertures. Each of the apertures is defined by an aperture-defining wall. The aperture-defining wall of each of the apertures extends into a respective one of the screen-holes and wraps around and is bonded to at least a portion of the hole-defining wall of the respective one of the screen-holes.

Abstract: An article including a first fiber derived from a first natural source and a second fiber derived from a fruit. A method of manufacturing an article may include combining a first and second fiber to form a fiber mixture, where the first and second fibers are obtained from discrete materials, and where at least one of the fibers is derived from an edible fruit of a plant. The article may be formed from the fiber mixture.

Abstract: A pretreatment apparatus for removing pith from cornstalks and separating husks therefrom includes a casing that receives cornstalks in a free-fall manner through an upper side thereof and allows the corn stalks to be discharged through a lower side thereof, and a rotor inserted into the casing and rotating inside the casing to hit cornstalk chips. The rotor includes a shaft inserted into the casing to be rotated by external force, a cover member holding the shaft so as to allow rotation of the shaft therein and connected to the entirety or part of an open upper side of the casing, and a hitting unit formed on a circumference of the shaft and hitting the corn stalks input into the casing.