Abstract: A sedimentation separator for separating solid fractions from a mixture consisting of air, liquid and solids fractions comprises a sedimenting vessel to which an air-separating unit is connected upstream. In an intermediate vessel arranged between the air-separating unit and sedimenting vessel there is arranged a float which closes off an air duct when the level of sediment in the sedimenting vessel has reached a predetermined height. Liquid purified by sedimentation is suctioned off from the upper end of the sedimenting vessel by means of a jet pump.

Abstract: To provide an oxygen concentrator that can reduce pressure loss when suctioning raw air and that can increase the amount of suctioned raw air by an amount of reduction in pressure loss, and moreover that can reduce noise without significantly changing a basic structure of a compressor. The oxygen concentrator includes: a compressor that has a plurality of suction ports suctioning raw air and that generates compressed air by compressing suctioned raw air; a conduit through which the compressed air is sent; a silencer that has a suction side end introducing the raw air and a discharge side end discharging the raw air, with the silencer being connected with the conduit; and a plurality of connection conduits directly connecting the discharge side end of the silencer and the respective suction ports of the compressor.

Abstract: An ink jet ink contains a pigment and a polyurethane polymer. The polyurethane polymer contains units derived from a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a compound having a carboxy group, and a compound having a sulfo group, and an acid value of the polyurethane polymer is 20 mgKOH/g or more and 100 mgKOH/g or less.

Abstract: In a process for utilizing organic waste materials, in particular cellulose-containing, moist, organic waste materials, in a clinker production process in which the waste materials are introduced as fuel and burnt in the clinker production process, the waste materials are brought into contact with the hot exhaust gases of the clinker production process and dried in a drying step flowing in parallel therewith before they are introduced into the clinker production process. The drying step is carried out in a drying reactor in which the moist waste materials are passed together with the hot exhaust gases through a series of concentrically arranged tubes, with multiple changes in flow direction about 180°, and the temperature of the hot exhaust gases is set to a maximum value of 400° C. by mixing in of ambient air and/or air from the clinker production process before the drying step.

Abstract: A cement manufacturing apparatus capable of increasing quantity of fly ash used in the apparatus while controlling unburned carbon content in cement within a permissible range. The cement manufacturing apparatus comprises a removal means for removing unburned carbon from gypsum, and a grinding means for grinding gypsum from which unburned carbon is removed by the removal means together with clinker to generate cement. With the apparatus, total unburned carbon content in cement can be reduced, and the quantity of fly ash used in the apparatus can be, increased by the reduced amount of unburned carbon. The removal means can remove unburned carbon contained in gypsum as well as unburned carbon contained in fly ash, and the grinding means may grind the fly ash from which unburned carbon is removed together with the gypsum, from which unburned carbon is removed, and clinker.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing an artificial stone, and the method includes forming an artificial-stone paste which comprises 20-20 parts by weight of silica stone, metakaolim or silica fume, 200-300 parts by weight of quartz chips, 30-36 parts by weight if water, 1.5-3 part by weight of water-reducing agent and 0.2-3 parts by weight of pigment with response to 100 parts by weight of white cement; injecting the artificial-stone paste in a mold; primarily vacuum-molding the artificial-stone paste injected in the mold; secondarily vibration-molding the primarily molded artificial-stone paste; primarily curing the secondarily molded artificial-stone paste; secondarily curing the primarily cured artificial-stone paste, which induces a hydrothermal reaction and thus causes a pozzolanic reaction; releasing the secondarily cured artificial-stone paste from the mold; and surface-machining the released artificial-stone paste.

Abstract: Heterogeneous nanowires having a core-shell structure consisting of single-crystal apatite as the core and graphitic layers as the shell and a synthesis method thereof are provided. More specifically, provided is a method capable of producing large amounts of heterogeneous nanowires, composed of graphitic shells and apatite cores, in a reproducible manner, by preparing a substrate including an element corresponding to X of X6(YO4)3Z which is a chemical formula for apatite, adding to the substrate a gaseous source containing an element corresponding to Y of the chemical formula, adding thereto a gaseous carbon source, and allowing these reactants to react under optimized synthesis conditions using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and to a method capable of freely controlling the structure and size of the heterogeneous nanowires and also to heterogeneous nanowires synthesized thereby.

Abstract: A method of forming a template on a silicon substrate includes epitaxially growing a template of single crystal ternary rare earth oxide on a silicon substrate and epitaxially growing a single crystal semiconductor active layer on the template. The active layer has either a cubic or a hexagonal crystal structure. During the epitaxial growth of the template, a partial pressure of oxygen is selected and a ratio of metals included in the ternary rare earth oxide is selected to match crystal spacing and structure of the template at a lower interface to the substrate and to match crystal spacing and structure of the template at an upper interface to crystal spacing and structure of the semiconductor active layer. A high oxygen partial pressure during growth of the template produces a stabilized cubic crystal structure and a low oxygen partial pressure produces a predominant peak with a hexagonal crystal structure.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for depositing a metal containing film on a substrate are disclosed. A reactor and at least one substrate disposed in the reactor are provided. A metal containing precursor is provided and introduced into the reactor, which is maintained at a temperature of at least 100° C. A metal is deposited on to the substrate through a deposition process to form a thin film on the substrate.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating apparatus includes a body having a powder-accommodating chamber which accommodates a powder of the material particles, and an introducing port via which the carrier gas is introduced into the powder-accommodating chamber; a powder flow passage which has an inlet opening and an outlet opening both of which are open in the powder-accommodating chamber, the inlet opening being positioned at a position lower than that of the outlet opening in a vertical direction; and a transport mechanism which transports the powder in a direction directed from the inlet opening to the outlet opening of the powder flow passage. Accordingly, the aerosol-generating apparatus is provided, which makes it possible to stably produce the aerosol over a long period of time by appropriately reducing the aggregation of the material particles accommodated in the powder-accommodating chamber.

Abstract: A flow inlet element (22) for a chemical vapor deposition reactor (10) is formed from a plurality of elongated tubular elements (64, 65) extending side-by-side with one another in a plane transverse to the upstream to downstream direction of the reactor. The tubular elements have inlets for ejecting gas in the downstream direction. A wafer carrier (14) rotates around an upstream to downstream axis. The gas distribution elements may provide a pattern of gas distribution which is asymmetrical with respect to a medial plane (108) extending through the axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vacuumable gel and the gel use to decontaminate surfaces, for example, radioactive decontamination. The gel is composed of a colloidal solution comprising: from 5 to 25 wt % of an inorganic viscosity modifier; from 0.01 to 0.2 wt % of a surfactant, preferably, a surfactant in an amount strictly below 0.1 wt %, wt % relative to the total weight of the gel; from 0.5 to 7 mol, per liter of gel, of an inorganic acid or base; and optionally from 0.05 to 1 mol, per liter of gel, of an oxidizer having a standard redox potential Eo greater than 1.4 V in a strong acid medium or of the reduced form of this oxidizer; the remainder being water. The gel may be applied, by spraying, to a surface to be decontaminated, and removed in the form of dry residues by suction or brushing after drying.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a dish washer which is capable of finishing a rinse mode within a predetermined time by changing an operation start time of a heater according to the temperature of washing water at the time of a final rinse mode of the dish washer, and a method of controlling the same. The method of controlling the dish washer including a washing tub for containing dishes to be washed using washing water and a heater for heating the washing water includes sensing a temperature of the washing water, determining an operation start time of the heater on the basis of the sensed temperature of the washing water, and operating the heater according to the determined operation start time of the heater.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments of the invention include an apparatus and a method for removing the support structures from three-dimensional objects, in which the support removal is carried out using techniques that decrease the duration of the support removal process and increase the quality of the final three-dimensional objects. This method also ensures the safe removal of the support structures without damage to the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: A dishwasher is provided, wherein the protruding wash residues can be automatically cleaned in the most efficient manner possible in the washing liquid lines, in order to maintain the cleaning effect of the washing device. The dishwasher comprises at least one washing compartment, and a washing device that is used to spray the liquid into the inner chamber of the washing container, in addition to at least one washing liquid line which is used to supply the liquid to the cleaning device. The washing liquid line comprises at least one first opening and one second opening that is arranged at a distance from the first opening, over which the respective alternative cleaning liquid can be supplied in a pressurized manner.

Abstract: The high strength galvanized steel sheet contains C: more than 0.015% and lower than 0.100%, Si: 0.3% or lower, Mn: lower than 1.90%, P: 0.015% or more and 0.05% or lower, S: 0.03% or lower, sol.Al: 0.01% or more and 0.5% or lower, N: 0.005% or lower, Cr: lower than 0.30%, B: 0.0003% or more and 0.005% or lower, and Ti: lower than 0.014% in terms of mass %, and satisfies 2.2?[Mneq]?3.1 and 0.42?8[% P]+150B*?0.73. The steel microstructure contains ferrite and a second phase, in which the second phase area ratio is 3 to 15%, the ratio of the area ratio of martensite and retained ? to the second phase area ratio is more than 70%, and 50% or more of the area ratio of the second phase exists in the grain boundary triple point.

Abstract: An Mg alloy provided with high strength and high ductility by matching the strength and ductility in tensile deformation and compressive deformation at the same levels is provided. The Mg alloy of the present invention is characterized by having a chemical composition consisting of Y: 0.1 to 1.5 at % and a balance of Mg and unavoidable impurities and having a microstructure with high Y regions with Y concentrations higher than an average Y concentration distributed at nanometer order sizes and intervals. The present invention further provides an Mg alloy characterized by having a chemical composition consisting of Y: more than 0.1 at % and a valance of Mg and unavoidable impurities, having a microstructure with high Y regions with Y concentrations higher than an average Y concentration distributed at nanometer order sizes and intervals and having an average recrystallized grain size within the range satisfying the following formula 1: ?0.87c+1.10<log d<1.14c+1.

Abstract: A method for coating a flat steel product manufactured from a high strength steel with a metallic coating, wherein the flat steel product is initially subjected to a heat treatment, in order then, in the heated state, to be hot-dip galvanized with the metallic coating in a melting bath containing overall at least 85% zinc and/or aluminum. The heat treatment includes heating the steel product in a reducing atmosphere, followed by converting a surface of the flat product to an iron oxide layer by a heat treatment lasting 1 to 10 secs in an oxidizing atmosphere, followed by annealing in a reducing atmosphere over a period of time which is longer than the duration of the formation of the iron oxide layer such that the iron oxide layer is reduced at least on its surface to pure iron, followed by cooling the product to a melting bath temperature.

Abstract: Methods of enhancing mechanical properties of aluminum alloy high pressure die castings are disclosed herein. An aluminum alloy composition forming a casting comprises, by weight of the composition, at least one of a magnesium concentration greater than about 0.2%, a copper concentration greater than about 1.5%, a silicon concentration greater than about 0.5%, and a zinc concentration greater than about 0.3%. After solidification, a casting is cooled to a quenching temperature between about 300° C. and about 500° C. Upon attainment of the quenching temperature, the casting is removed from the die and immediately quenched in a quench media. Following quenching, the casting is pre-aged at a reduced temperature between about room temperature and about 100° C. Thereafter, the casting is aged via at least one substantially isothermal aging at one or more elevated temperatures between about 150° C. and about 240° C.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure comprise carbon steels and methods of manufacture. In one embodiment, quenching and tempering procedure is performed in which a selected steel composition is formed and heat treated to yield a slightly tempered microstructure having a fine carbide distribution. In another embodiment, a double austenizing procedure is disclosed in which a selected steel composition is formed and subjected to heat treatment to refine the steel microstructure. In one embodiment, the heat treatment may comprise austenizing and quenching the formed steel composition a selected number of times (e.g., 2) prior to tempering. In another embodiment, the heat treatment may comprise subjecting the formed steel composition to austenizing, quenching, and tempering a selected number of times (e.g., 2). Steel products formed from embodiments of the steel composition in this manner (e.g., seamless tubular bars and pipes) will possess high yield strength, e.g.

Abstract: A method to obtain a manganese steel alloy having a percentage weight of carbon varying from about 0.5% to about 2%, a percentage weight of manganese varying from about 10% to about 20%, and a percentage weight of titanium varying from about 0.01% to about 5%. The method comprises at lest a step wherein a determinate quantity of steel scarp with manganese or steel scarp with carbon is melted in order to define a metal bath, a step wherein, in order to deoxidize the metal bath a determinate percentage weight of aluminum is added, a step wherein a determinate percentage weight of nitrogen is added, a step wherein a determinate percentage weight of titanium is added, and a step wherein the metal bath is cast at a determinate temperature.

Abstract: In the production equipment for a precipitation hardened alloy strip, a solution treatment unit includes a heating chamber provided to heat the material alloy strip having a precipitation hardening alloy composition to a temperature of not lower than a recrystallization temperature but not higher than a melting point, a cooling chamber located adjacent to the heating chamber, and a pair of cooling rolls incorporated in the cooling chamber to hold therebetween and cool down the material alloy strip heated in the heating chamber. This production equipment can quench the material alloy strip to form a solid solution supersaturated with precipitation hardening elements and thereby forming a precipitation hardened alloy strip having a good shape and a favorable surface condition.

Abstract: Method for austempering at least one part of a work piece, which method comprises the steps of: a) heating at least one part of the work piece to an initial austenitizing temperature (T1); b) subjecting said at least one part of the work piece to one or more austenitizing temperatures (T1 . . . T1n) for a predetermined time to austenitize it; c) quenching said at least one part of the work piece; d) heat treating said at least one part of the work piece at one or more austempering temperatures (T2 . . . T2n) for a predetermined time to austemper it; e) cooling the at least one part of the work piece; whereby at least one of the steps a) to e) is/are at least partly carried out under Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) conditions.

Abstract: An energetic ionic liquid catalytic decomposition gas generator uses stoichiometric and nonstoiciometric mixtures of specific energetic ionic liquids and iridium catalyst. The catalyst temperature used and gas production versus ignition may be controlled by combining one or more cationic species with one or more anionic species of the ionic liquid(s).

Abstract: Secondary crystalline high explosives are disclosed which are suitable for filling very small volume loading holes in micro-electric initiators for micro-electro-mechanical mechanisms (MEMS), used as safe and arm (S&A) devices. The explosives are prepared by adding the such a high explosive to an aqueous first volatile mobile phase, adding such a high explosive to a non-aqueous second volatile mobile phase, mixing the first and second volatile mobile phases and then loading the combined phases into the MEMS device and allowing the aqueous and non-aqueous solvents to evaporate depositing the high explosive. Enhanced adhesion between the deposited high explosive and enhanced rheological properties can be obtained by adding a polymeric binder to both mobile phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making a structure with at least a first polymer layer and a second polymer layer, each made from a polycarbonate polymer based on bisphenol A, between the polymer layers a component being arranged, comprising the following steps: a) the component is arranged on the first polymer layer or placed in a depression of the first polymer layer, b) the first polymer layer is coated on the side, on which or in which the component is arranged, at least in the region of the component with a liquid preparation comprising a solvent or a mixture of solvents and a polycarbonate derivative based on a geminally disubstituted dihydroxydiphenyl cycloalkane, c) optionally a drying step is made after step b), d) after step b) or step c), the second polymer layer is placed on the first polymer layer, covering the component, e) the first polymer layer and the second polymer layer are laminated with each other under pressure, at a temperature from 120° C. to 180° C. and for a defined time.

Abstract: A system and apparatus relating to connecting at least one first longitudinal periphery of at least one first magnetic sheet with at least one second longitudinal periphery of at least one second magnetic sheet by placing such first longitudinal periphery in adjacent relationship with such second longitudinal periphery; and connecting such first longitudinal periphery in adjacent relationship with such second longitudinal periphery; wherein such connecting step comprises the step of unitizing such at least one first magnetic sheet and such at least one second magnetic sheet into one unitary magnetic sheet.

Abstract: A heat-shrinkable tubular article for forming a wire splice is both resistant to high temperatures and capable of rapid installation. The heat-shrinkable tubular article includes a heat-shrinkable jacket material and an inner adhesive layer having a thixotropic heat-flowable additive. The tubular article having at least one of a maximum internal diameter of no more than 15 mm or a maximum length of no more than 100 mm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a composite component reinforced by stiffening elements. Composite component is produced by the inside gluing of a monolithic component to a multiplicity of stiffening elements by means of an adhesive suitable for this particular application. Stiffening elements are formed with a fiber reinforced, amorphous thermoplastic material. Monolithic component of composite component consists of a fiber reinforced duroplastic material—for example a composite epoxy matrix—in which are embedded, for reinforcement, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, natural fibers, ceramic fibers, Aramide® fibers, Kevlar® fibers or any combination thereof. Monolithic component is glued to thermoplastic stiffening elements by an adhesive under the influence of pressure and temperature. Here a tolerance compensation is carried out essentially by stiffening elements, if necessary being plastically deformed, so that high dimensional stability is achieved.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multi-axial laminate of webs produced from cables stretch broken into strips includes arranging, at an entry of a conveyor table, a first layer of pre-wound pre-cut strips along the longitudinal axis of the table, the strips being partially superimposed; arranging along the table at least two cross lappers transferring and depositing in an oblique and/or divergent position at predetermined angles a stretch broken strip; and arranging the strips in successive superimpositions on the first layer of pre-cut strips in different planes, to form a multi-axial web of stretch broken strips. The web then being treated by a fixing device. Movement of the support belt of the table taking place in steps to ensure the superimposition of the different layers of pre-broken strips deposited by the cross lappers. Implementation of the method taking place without any prior cohesion treatment of each strip.

Abstract: A method for producing an escape route marking and the apparatus for an airplane comprising a luminous layer that luminesces in the dark, and a profile having two profile elements that can be connected to each other, wherein in a first of the profile elements, the luminous layer is arranged in a recess extending in the longitudinal direction, and the second profile element is provided to be connected with a base, wherein the procedure comprises the following steps: production of the luminous layer from a mixture of a silicone material and from photoluminescent pigments, and introduction of the mixture in a liquid state into the recess of the first profile element, wherein the mixture cures in the seat by crosslinking with the walls in the profile.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a laminated board, comprising: preparing a first and a second prepregs 30a, 30b with a carrier by laminating the carrier with an insulating resin layer in which a fiber cloth is embedded, and laminating the first and the second prepregs 30a, 30b with a carrier by bonding the insulating resin layer in the first prepreg 31a with a carrier and the insulating resin layer in the second prepreg 31b with a carrier directly or via an additional member under reduced pressure and heating it.

Abstract: A liner for repairing damaged pipes, such as underground sewer or gas pipes is disclosed. The liner comprises a TPU coating on a fibrous mat of non-woven fabric. The TPU coating is a high heat resistance polyester TPU which allows an epoxy resin/amine to be saturated in the non-woven fabric and the cure initiated by the use of steam or hot water. The cured epoxy resin converts the liner from a flexible state to a rigid state as the liner is cured in place inside the pipe. The TPU containing liner may also be used with thermoset resins other than epoxy resins, such as polyester resins and vinyl ester resins.

Abstract: A structural reinforcement material is provided that includes a base material selected from thermosets, low viscosity thermoplastics with short transition phases and low viscosities, low melting point metallic alloys, and combinations thereof. At STP, the structural reinforcement material is a solid or a formable dough or a mixture thereof. When heated to an activation temperature, the structural reinforcement material becomes flowable into a cavity. Following cooling, the structural reinforcement material is a solid or a thermoset with a strength sufficient to reinforce the cavity. A structural reinforcement insert comprising the structural reinforcement material is also provided, as is a reinforced cavity of an automobile and a method of reinforcing a cavity.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a first electrode and a second electrode so arranged in the upper portion of a processing chamber as to face a mounting table, a gas supply unit for supplying a processing gas between the first electrode and the second electrode, a RF power supply unit for applying a RF power between the first electrode and the second electrode for converting the process gas supplied between the electrodes into a plasma, and a gas exhaust unit for evacuating the inside of the processing chamber to a vacuum level from the lower portion of the processing chamber. Since the electron temperature in the plasma is low near a substrate on the mounting table, damage to the substrate caused by the plasma can be suppressed. In addition, since a metal can be used as a material for the processing chamber, the processing chamber can have good temperature controllability.

Abstract: Plasma uniformity can be improved. An upper electrode 105 for use in a parallel plate type plasma processing apparatus includes a base 105a made of a dielectric material; and a conductive layer 110 formed on at least a part of a surface of the base 105a facing a lower electrode 210 provided in the plasma processing apparatus. Further, the conductive layer 110 having a dense and sparse pattern such that the dense and sparse pattern at an outer portion of the surface of the base 105a facing the lower electrode 210 is denser than at an inner portion thereof.

Abstract: A structure, for use in a processing chamber of a plasma processing apparatus in which a plasma process is performed on a target substrate, includes a base member at least having a first surface and a second surface; and a thermally sprayed insulating film covering the first surface. Further, the structure includes an insulating protection member covering the second surface and made of a material having a linear expansion coefficient different from that of the base member; and an insulating layer interposed between the thermally sprayed insulating film and the insulating protection member to prevent a contact therebetween. The thermally sprayed insulating film, the insulating protection member and the insulating layer constitute an insulating surface covering the first surface and the second surface.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulosic sheet includes (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched pileated regions having fibers that are oriented in a direction transverse to a machine direction (MD) of the sheet, and (ii) a plurality of linking regions that link the fiber-enriched regions together. The linking regions have fibers that have an orientation that is offset from the orientation of the fibers in the plurality of fiber-enriched pileated regions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of paper with enhanced dry strength comprising adding to the wet end of a paper machine, (a) a glyoxalated acrylamide-containing polymer and (b) a cationic aqueous dispersion polymer. Guidelines for the properties of the polymers that make this coadditive system effective are established. Polymer properties discussed include molecular weight, cationic charge, polymer composition and functionalization, and relative additive amounts.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, deposition of LiCoO2 layers in a pulsed-dc physical vapor deposition process is presented. Such a deposition can provide a low-temperature, high deposition rate deposition of a crystalline layer of LiCoO2 with a desired <101> or <003> orientation. Some embodiments of the deposition address the need for high rate deposition of LiCoO2 films, which can be utilized as the cathode layer in a solid state rechargeable Li battery. Embodiments of the process according to the present invention can eliminate the high temperature (>700° C.) anneal step that is conventionally needed to crystallize the LiCoO2 layer.

Abstract: A sacrificial anode system and associated surface pipe system maintenance method designed to protect surface pipes and associated parts. According to a first aspect of the present invention, the sacrificial anode system is installable at an interface between a first pipe and a second pipe and comprises an insertion sleeve shaped to fit along an inner surface of the first pipe, a flange attached to the insertion sleeve and shaped to rest against an end surface of the first pipe, a sacrificial anode to be positioned within the first pipe, and a stem linking the sacrificial anode to the insertion sleeve. According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for maintaining a surface pipe system is also provided.

Abstract: This is a device and process to generate alternating current without an external source for cell-houses in electro-winning or electro-refining of copper or other products in which the electric source consists of a conventional rectifier-transformer group that supplies continuous electrical current to the cell-house, which is connected in parallel to a device characterized by having the capacity to extract an electrical current from the cell-house for a period of time and then return it in another period of time, whether periodically or semi-periodically and without changing the average value of the electrical current, supplied to the cell-house by the rectifier-transformer. This results in an electrical current in the cell-house that is the superimposition of a continuous and alternating current. This process is designed to overcome the barrier of electric potential produced by the presence of the pure continuous electric field in cell-houses through the electric agitation of an ion-rich electrolyte.

Abstract: An electro chemical deposition system is described for forming a feature on a semiconductor wafer. The electro chemical deposition is performed by powering electrodes that includes a cathode, an anode and a plurality of electrically independent auxiliary electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical cell for producing hydrogen gas and cupric chloride, comprising an anode compartment including an anode disposed in an anolyte, wherein the anolyte is cuprous chloride in hydrochloric acid, a cathode compartment including a cathode, wherein the cathode comprises an electrocatalyst, and a cation exchange membrane disposed between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment.

Abstract: A process for electrolyzing a material to change at least a portion of the material from a first chemical state to a second chemical state includes placing a known quantity of a first substance into either a mixing chamber or an electrolysis chamber of an integrated electrochemical reactor, placing a known quantity of a second substance into the other chamber free of the first substance; sealing an opening to isolate an internal volume within the reactor; rotating the reactor to form a mixture, rotating the reactor again such that the mixture is transferred to the electrolysis chamber; electrolyzing the mixture in the electrolysis chamber to change at least a portion of the mixture from the first chemical state to the second chemical state; and analyzing the first substance, or analyzing the second substance, or analyzing the first chemical state, or analyzing the second chemical state, or any analytical combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a producing method of a semiconductor device, comprising: loading a substrate into a reaction furnace; forming a film on the substrate in the reaction furnace; unloading the substrate from the reaction furnace after the film has been formed; and forcibly cooling an interior of the reaction furnace in a state where the substrate does not exist in the reaction furnace after the substrate has been unloaded.

Abstract: A remotely readable hydrogen detector is in the form of a tag or card that can be worn on clothing or mounted on a variety of surfaces and can be monitored from a distance for the presence of hydrogen gas. It includes a hydrogen sensor device, which changes in electrical resistivity in response to being exposed to hydrogen gas, that is incorporated into an electric detector circuit, which detects changes in resistivity of the sensor device, and, when such change in resistivity indicates the presence of some predetermined concentration of hydrogen gas, the electric circuit outputs a signal or state that indicates the presence of hydrogen to a transceiver circuit, which can transmit that information to a remote receiver or interrogator/reader via an antenna in the sensor device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include analyte-responsive compositions and electrochemical analyte sensors having a sensing layer that includes an analyte-responsive enzyme and a cationic polymer. Also provided are systems and methods of making the sensors and using the electrochemical analyte sensors in analyte monitoring.

Abstract: An analytical device including a sensor, an analytical circuit, and a power source. The power source includes an optical coupler formed of a light source and a photovoltaic cell for producing an electromotive force in response to light from the light source. The optical coupler is configured to provide the electromotive force to the analytical circuit. The power source may be configured for separation between the power supply and the resulting electromotive force supplied to the analytical circuit. Various aspects of the invention are directed to providing a power source for one or more components of an electrochemical detector. A method of providing power to an analytical instrument is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gas sensor element includes a base member comprising a plurality of laminated solid electrolyte layers, and having a space that communicates with the outside of the gas sensor element and allows introduction of the gas to be measured into the gas sensor element, and a porous measurement electrode that is formed on a surface of the space inside the base member, and is covered with a porous measurement electrode protective layer, wherein an average pore size A of the measurement electrode and an average pore size B of the measurement electrode protective layer satisfy the relationship “0.05?B/A?0.9”, the measurement electrode has an average pore size of 0.5 to 15 ?m, and the measurement electrode protective layer has an average pore size of 0.05 to 9 ?m, a porosity of 5 to 50%, and a thickness of 10 to 200 ?m.