Abstract: The invention relates to a method for electrokinetic decontamination of a porous solid medium, which comprises: a) extracting the contaminating species present in the solid medium in an electrolyte appearing as an essentially inorganic gel, this extraction being obtained by applying an electric current between two electrodes positioned at the surface and/or in the interior of the solid medium, the contact of at least one of these electrodes with said solid medium being ensured by a layer of said gel, b) drying the gel containing the thereby extracted contaminating species until a dry residue is obtained which fractures, and c) removing the thereby obtained dry residue from said solid residue.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the reduction of the electrical conductivity of a product mixture containing the oil and water phases resulting from the conversion of biomass to liquid products, including the at least partial breaking of any oil/water emulsion, which aids in the separation of the oil and water phases.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte producing system includes a supercapacitor desalination device comprising a power supply and a supercapacitor desalination unit. The supercapacitor desalination unit includes a pair of electrodes electrically coupled to the power supply and operable in a charging mode of operation and a discharging mode of operation. A feeding source is configured to provide a feed liquid to the supercapacitor desalination unit when the supercapacitor desalination unit is in the charging mode of operation. The feed liquid comprises at least one determined electrolyte. A crystallization device is providing for receiving a concentrated liquid from the supercapacitor desalination device in the discharging mode of operation, the concentrated liquid being a saturated liquid or supersaturated liquid of the at least one determined type of electrolyte. The at least one determined type of electrolyte precipitates in the crystallization device as solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A method of repairing damaged airfoils. The method comprises the steps of stripping thermal barrier coatings from the airfoil. After the coatings are removed, cracks are removed from the airfoil. Cracks that appear in the bond coat area over the airfoil fillet portion are removed by locally grit blasting the fillet portion of the airfoil. This operation also results in locally removing the bond coating from the fillet portion. Cracks and other damage sustained by the airfoil tip are removed and replaced by welding superalloy material. The airfoil then may be cleaned by thermal etching. The airfoil is then placed in a plating tool permitting preferential plating of airfoil areas from which plating has been removed. After plating, the airfoil is then heat treated to diffuse the platinum coating with the superalloy substrate materials. The diffusion heat treated airfoil is aluminided by any aluminiding process, forming a PtAl coating.

Abstract: A coated article includes a substrate, and a coating deposited on the substrate by magnetron sputtering. The coating includes micropores, and each micropore is sealed by a sealing element.

Abstract: Power distribution systems are useable in electrolytic reduction systems and include several cathode and anode assembly electrical contacts that permit flexible modular assembly numbers and placement in standardized connection configurations. Electrical contacts may be arranged at any position where assembly contact is desired. Electrical power may be provided via power cables attached to seating assemblies of the electrical contacts. Cathode and anode assembly electrical contacts may provide electrical power at any desired levels. Pairs of anode and cathode assembly electrical contacts may provide equal and opposite electrical power; different cathode assembly electrical contacts may provide different levels of electrical power to a same or different modular cathode assembly.

Abstract: Chlorine with a low bromine content is produced by electrolyzing brine to produce gaseous chlorine, alkali metal hydroxide and hydrogen, separating the gaseous chlorine from the electrolyte (anolyte in the case of the membrane process), directing electrolyte (anolyte in the case of the membrane process) to a primary dechlorination step using hydrochloric acid to remove gaseous chlorine therefrom, optionally directing depleted electrolyte (anolyte in the case of the membrane process) from the primary dechlorination step to a secondary dechlorination step using a reducing agent for chlorine and oxychlorine species, and recycling dechlorinated depleted electrolyte (anolyte in the case of the membrane process) to salt dissolvers to prepare brine for electrolysis. At least part of the gaseous chlorine generated in the primary dechlorination step is not combined with gaseous chlorine generated in the electrolysis step.

Abstract: Methods and devices for determining factor Xa inhibitors, in particular heparins and fractionated or low-molecular-weight heparins, as well as direct factor Xa inhibitors in blood samples. The methods include contacting a blood sample with a detection reagent that contains at least one thrombin substrate having a peptide residue that can be cleaved by thrombin and is amidically bound via the carboxyl end to an electrogenic substance, and with a known amount of factor X reagent and an activator reagent which induces the conversion of factor X into factor Xa. Subsequently, in a second step, the amount or activity of the electrogenic substance that is cleaved from the thrombin substrate by the factor Xa-mediated thrombin activation and/or the time course thereof is determined as the measurement signal using electrochemical methods.

Abstract: The invention concerns integration of hydroprocessing and steam cracking. A feed comprising crude or resid-containing fraction thereof is treated by hydroprocessing and visbreaking and then passed to a steam cracker to obtain a product comprising olefins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating a hydrocarbons charge comprising the following stages, in which: a) the charge is brought into contact with a solvent in order to obtain a deasphalted effluent having a content of asphaltenes below 3000 ppm by weight, b) the deasphalted effluent is cracked in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrocracking catalyst, in a bubbling-bed reactor, so as to convert at least 50 wt. % of the fraction of the deasphalted effluent boiling above 500° C. to compounds having a boiling point below 500° C., c) the effluent from stage b) is fractionated to recover gasolines, kerosene, gas oils and a first residue, and d) at least a portion of this first residue is cracked so as to obtain an effluent comprising gasolines, kerosene, gas oils and a second residue.

Abstract: A use of a foulant collector in a vessel or conduit in a paraffinic froth treatment (PFT) process. The foulant comprises asphaltenes. The foulant collectors are purposed to reduce build-up in the vessel or conduit and/or to reduce downstream foulant carry-over in the process. The surface of the foulant collectors may have an average water contact angle of less than 90 degrees. Additionally, together with such foulant collectors, a fluorocarbon polymer may be used as a surface of a vessel or conduit in the PFT process, for reducing fouling.

Abstract: A liquid transfer device having a housing with a top end, a bottom end, a sidewall, and an inner cavity. The sidewall has an inner surface and an outer surface. There is a plurality of openings traversing said sidewall. Also present is a filtering surface that covers the openings. The water or other liquids are pumped or transferred with a pump contained inside the inner cavity, with a fluid exit used for carrying the water out towards exterior hosing.

Abstract: A detachable vented signaling alarm apparatus is provided which is capable of being attached to a skimmer basket commonly used with pool skimming systems. There are many different configurations and sizes of skimmer baskets with which the present apparatus is capable of attachment merely by drilling a hole generally centrally in the skimmer basket bottom. The detachable signaling alarm may be readily removed from the skimmer basket for various reasons such as pool vacuuming or maintenance and includes a vented stem for minimizing damage to the basket when debris has accumulated therein. An alarm of any type can be used with the vent mechanism for indicating when the skimmer basket is substantially blocked by debris by generating of an alarm condition responsive to airflow through the vent.

Abstract: A fuel filter having a filter housing including at least one filter element. A water collection chamber configured to collect water separated out of the fuel. An active carbon filter is disposed downstream of the water collection chamber and a water-soluble dividing device is disposed between the water collection chamber and the active carbon filter and is impermeable or insoluble to fuel.

Abstract: A fluid filter is described, comprising a filter body defining a cavity for a filter element, a first end cap for fitting on one end of the filter body, having an integrated single piece anti drain back valve and seal, and a second end cap for fitting on an opposite end of the filter body, having an integrated two part relief valve and supports for the filter element, formed by a relief valve body and a relief valve disc.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oil filter arrangement having a housing comprising a receiving space for a filter element, wherein a discharge opening is provided at the bottom of the receiving space and a discharge valve is provided in the discharge opening wherein the discharge valve comprises a valve body, which is movable between a closing position and an opening position in a displaceable manner and is moved to the locking position by a first spring element when the filter element is inserted, wherein the first spring element is disposed on the valve body on the side of the valve body facing away from the discharge opening and is configured as a compound spring having a flat, bent metal band. The metal band acts against the filter element or against an end disk of the filter element when the filter element is inserted.

Abstract: A hydraulic filter includes a canister extending along the longitudinal axis. A closed end cap is at one end of the canister for closing one end thereof. A removable filter element is contained within the canister and a modular one-piece input end cap is at an end of the canister. The one-piece input end cap includes a hydraulic input chamber and a hydraulic output chamber which can be positioned in any one of three mutually perpendicular directions. The one-piece input end cap also allows for sensors to be positioned in any one of three mutually perpendicular directions. In addition, the one-piece input end cap can be utilized in base-ported or top-ported configurations while also allowing for side-to-side or side-to-end configurations.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane module, a hollow fiber membrane module unit, and a water treatment method. The module or the module unit enable the efficient contact of microorganisms on the surface of a membrane with a gas. The module and the unit have excellent durability. The hollow fiber membrane module is formed so that the end parts of sheet-form hollow fiber membranes are formed in a substantially rectangular shape and the end face of the anchoring member on a side where the hollow fiber membranes open is formed in a substantially circular shape. The hollow fiber membrane module unit is formed in such a manner that a plurality of modules is disposed. The water treatment method is used to purify treated water with the microorganisms adhered onto the outer surfaces of the hollow fiber membranes by using the module or the unit.

Abstract: This application relates to processes for selectively removing anionic phosphate molecules from contaminated hydrocarbon oil using the ion exchange activity of acid activated clay. The methods are particularly applicable to the removal of volatile phosphates from hydrocarbons contaminated during fracturing operations.

Abstract: Disclosed are magnetic nanoparticles and methods of using magnetic nanoparticles for selectively removing biologics, small molecules, analytes, ions, or other molecules of interest from liquids.

Abstract: A two-stage sealed magnetic filter continuously removes magnetic and non-magnetic contaminants from liquid process streams. Elongated non-magnetic holder sleeves encasing magnet bars attract magnetic contaminants while a screen cylinder captures non-magnetic contaminants. The magnet bars are accessible without having to open the interior of the housing to the environment. Thus, during maintenance, removing the magnet bars from the holder sleeves releases the magnetic contaminants that have adhered to the holder sleeves into the screen cylinder which partially encloses the holder sleeves. Contaminants are flushed out of the magnetic filter without exposing workers to potentially hazardous substances. Polymeric sludge occluded with iron compounds can be effectively removed from streams in refineries and chemical plants. The iron compounds are formed from carbon steel which is prevalent in plant machinery and that corrodes in the presence of acidic contaminants.

Abstract: A water treatment system for producing a sodium hypochlorite solution to control bacteria levels in well water containing: a pH adjuster; a container containing solid calcium hypochlorite for producing a calcium hypochlorite solution; and a container containing solid sodium carbonate for producing the sodium hypochlorite solution and a method of controlling bacteria levels in well water by using intermittent injections of a sodium hypochlorite solution with alternating pH values.

Abstract: A process of removing viruses from drinking water is disclosed. The process involves filtering drinking water, having a viral contaminant, through a layer of coarse sand; contacting the drinking water with a composite iron matrix; and purifying the drinking water by allowing the composite iron matrix to adsorb the viral contaminant for at least fifteen minutes. The major component of the composite iron matrix is an iron component, which is at least about 68% to about 92% iron by weight. Other components include manganese; cerium; carbon; phosphorous; sulfur; aluminum; silicon; chromium; copper; and zinc.

Abstract: A system and method are provided in at least one embodiment to filter water through a vortex leading into a disk-pack turbine having an expansion chamber and outlets into a discharge chamber that leads to at least one discharge port. In a further embodiment, the system includes an intake module, a vortex module, a disk-pack turbine module, and a motor for driving the disk-pack turbine. The intake module brings water into the system and routes the water to the vortex module that speeds up the water into a vortex that flows into the disk-pack turbine that discharges into a discharge chamber that leads to at least one discharge port. The disk-pack turbine includes a plurality of disks that are spaced apart forming chambers between the disks that provide at least one passageway between the expansion chamber and the discharge chamber.

Abstract: Two methods of fabricating a MEMS scanning mirror having a tunable resonance frequency are described. The resonance frequency of the mirror is set to a particular value by mass removal from the backside of the mirror during fabrication.

Abstract: A method of forming a device is provided. A substrate having a component is provided and a sacrificial layer is formed over the component. The sacrificial layer includes a cavity portion disposed about the component and a tunnel portion adjacent to the cavity portion. In addition, an encapsulation layer having a cover portion and a perimeter portion is formed over the sacrificial layer. The cover portion encapsulates the cavity portion such that the cavity portion forms a cavity within the cover portion. The perimeter portion is disposed over the tunnel portion. Moreover, an access hole is formed in the perimeter portion of the encapsulation layer.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method of forming a magnetic head while ensuring residues do not negatively impact the magnetic head. In particular, when performing a RIE process to remove DLC, oxygen gas can leave residues that will negatively impact the RIE process performed on the next substrate to enter the chamber. By utilizing CO2 rather than O2, the residues will not be created and therefore will not impact processing of the next substrate that enters the chamber.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a pattern, includes forming a guide pattern including a first region having a first surface energy and a second region having a second surface energy on a to-be-processed film, the first and second regions alternately arranged in one direction, forming a block copolymer layer on the guide pattern, and causing microphase separation in the block copolymer layer, the microphase-separated structure is a lamellar block copolymer pattern.

Abstract: To provide a liquid processing apparatus capable of processing substrates with a high throughput with the lesser number of nozzles for chemical-liquid, when the substrates that are horizontally held in cup bodies are liquid-processed by supplying a chemical liquid to the substrates. Taking a developing process as an example of a liquid process, two-types of developing nozzles are prepared for two types of developing methods. The developing nozzle, which is used in the method in which the nozzle is engaged with the process for a longer period of time, is individually disposed on each of a first processing module 1 and a second processing module 2. On the other hand, the developing nozzle, which is used in the method in which the nozzle is engaged with the process for a shorter period of time, is used in common in the first liquid processing module 1 and the second liquid processing module 2. The common developing nozzle is configured to wait on an intermediate position between the modules 1 and 2.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrolyte solution involves combining ammonium tetrafluoroborate and a quaternary ammonium halide in a liquid solvent to form a quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborate and an ammonium halide. The ammonium halide precipitate is removed from the solvent to form an electrolyte solution. The reactants can be added step-wise to the solvent, and the method can include using a stoichiometric excess of the ammonium tetrafluoroborate to form a substantially halide ion-free electrolyte solution. Filtration can be done at low temperatures to reduce the amount of excess bromide in the resulting electrolyte.

Abstract: A solution for forming a polishing slurry, the polishing slurry and related methods are disclosed. The solution for forming a polishing slurry may include 1H-benzotriazole (BTA) dissolved in an ionic surfactant such as a sodium alkyl sulfate solution, and perhaps a polyacrylic acid (PAA) solution. The solution can be filtered and used in a polishing slurry. This approach to solubilizing BTA results in a high BTA concentration in a polishing slurry without addition of foreign components to the slurry or increased safety hazard. In addition, the solution is easier to ship because it is very stable (e.g., can be frozen and thawed) and has less volume compared to conventional approaches. Further, the polishing slurry performance is vastly improved due to the removal of particles that can cause scratching.

Abstract: A composition includes an anionic polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid. In one embodiment, the polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition includes a polysaccharide residue present in an amount from approximately 5% to approximately 90% by weight of the polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and a residue of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer present in an amount from approximately 10% to approximately 75% by weight of the polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition.

Abstract: Material and methods are disclosed involving the generation and containment of solutions incorporating reactive precursors and reactive treatment agents. Formulations of these materials can be applied widely as disinfectants, odor control agents, decontamination and fumigation agents, liquid, gas, and air treatment materials, respiratory agents, food and beverage processing agents, neutralization agents, and in many industrial, residential, medical and military surface treatment operations.

Abstract: A method for industrially producing a phosphor with high performance, in particular, high brightness. Also disclosed is a nitrogen-containing alloy and an alloy powder useful for producing the high performance phosphor. The method for producing the phosphor includes heating a raw material for a phosphor in whole or in part comprising an alloy containing two or more different metal elements under a nitrogen-containing atmosphere and heating the raw material for a phosphor under conditions such that the temperature change per minute is 50° C. or lower. Using an alloy as all or part of the raw material constituting the phosphor precursor, it is possible to suppress the rapid progression of nitridation during heat treatment and industrially produce a phosphor with high performance, in particular, high brightness.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphor having a formula of M3-2xM?x(M?1-y-zPryGdz)(PO4)2. M is Li, Na, K, or combinations thereof. M? is Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg, Zn, or combinations thereof. M? is Sc, Y, La, Lu, Al, Ga, In, or combinations thereof. 0?x?1, 0<y?0.15, 0<z?0.7. The phosphor can be collocated with an excitation light source to construct a UV light-emitting device, wherein the excitation light source emits light with a wavelength of 140 nm to 240 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for recovering high purity gaseous hydrogen and high purity gaseous carbon dioxide from a syngas stream by utilizing a hydrogen selective membrane unit and a primary water gas shift reactor in combination with a cryogenic purification unit, a hydrogen recovery unit and a secondary water gas shift reactor or by utilizing a hydrogen membrane/water gas shift reactor in combination with a cryogenic purification unit, a hydrogen recovery unit and a secondary water gas shift reactor. Each of these embodiments may further include a sulfur recovery unit.

Abstract: A process for producing synthesis gas, or syngas, from biomass. The process comprises contacting biomass with oxygen, or oxygen and steam, in an amount effective to oxidize the biomass and to heat the biomass to a temperature to no greater than 750° C. At least one combustible material also is contacted with oxygen and steam to heat the at least one combustible material to a temperature of at least 1,100° C., to provide a hot gas derived from the oxidized combustible material. The latter maybe residual products derived from the process itself as char, tar, or hydrocarbons. The oxidized biomass then is contacted with the hot flue gas to heat the biomass to a temperature of at least 900° C., thereby producing synthesis gas. The synthesis gas then is recovered. Such process provides a method of providing heat for producing synthesis gas without consuming a portion of the synthesis gas to provide such heat, thereby providing an increased yield of synthesis gas.

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive adhesive includes an epoxy adhesive containing an epoxy compound and a curing agent and conducive particles dispersed in the epoxy adhesive. When elastic moduluses at 35° C., 55° C., 95° C., and 150° C. of a cured product of the anisotropic conductive adhesive are denoted by EM35, EM55, EM95, and EM150, respectively, and change rates in the elastic modulus between 55° C. and 95° C. and between 95° C. and 150° C. are denoted by ?EM55-95 and ?EM95-150, respectively, the following expressions (1) to (5) are satisfied.

Abstract: Disclosed are new compound semiconductors which may be used for solar cells or as thermoelectric materials, and their application. The compound semiconductor may be represented by a chemical formula: InxCo4Sb12-n-zQ?nTez, where Q? is at least one selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se, 0<x?0.5, 0<n?2 and 0<z?2.

Abstract: Disclosed are new compound semiconductors which may be used for solar cells or as thermoelectric materials, and their application. The compound semiconductor may be represented by a chemical formula: InxMyCo4-mAmSb12-n-zXnTez, where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, X is at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, Ga, Ge and Sn, 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0?m?1, 0?n<9 and 0<z?2.

Abstract: A ZnO deposition material to be used for forming a transparent conductive film is composed of a ZnO pellet made of ZnO powder having a ZnO purity of 98% or more. The pellet includes one or more kinds of elements selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Sc, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm and Sm. The ZnO pellet is polycrystal or monocrystal. The ZnO film formed by a vacuum film forming method employing the ZnO deposition material as a target material can exhibit excellent conductivity. The vacuum film forming method is preferably an electron beam vapor deposition method, an ion plating method or a sputtering method.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of making provisional and long-term dental restorations, particularly dental veneers, implants, crowns and bridges. A shell or restoration form made of polymerizable material having good dimensional shape-stability in its uncured condition is used to make the dental restoration. A polymerizable material is introduced into the cavity of the shell form. The outer shell and injected polymerizable material are polymerized and bond together to form a hardened crown structure. In one embodiment, the restoration can be fabricated indirectly by a dental laboratory. In another version, a dental practitioner can make the restoration chairside for a patient in a dental office.

Abstract: Process for the production of nanoporous foamed active substance-containing preparations, wherein the active substance is present embedded in a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, wherein, in stage a) loading of a polymeric molding composition or a polymer melt with a propellant is effected at a pressure and at a temperature at which the propellant is in the supercritical state, in stage b) heating of the laden polymer molding compound or melt is carried out under pressure at a temperature which lies in the range from ?40 to +60° C., preferably ?20 to +55° C., and especially preferably 0 to +50° C. around the glass transition temperature of the unladen (prior to loading) polymeric molding compound and in stage c) a depressurization of the polymeric molding compound or melt laden in stage a) and heated under pressure in stage b) is effected out with a depressurization rate in the range from 15,000 to 200,000 MPa/sec.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal insulation foamed sheet whose foaming height can be kept high by increasing an expansion ratio of foaming cells, thermal insulation foamed container using this and method for producing the same. In the thermal insulation foamed sheet according to the present invention, a foaming plane made of a foaming cell group is formed by heating the sheet in which a synthetic resin film is laminated on base paper and foaming the synthetic resin film using moisture contained in the base paper, and at least a part of the foaming plane is vacuum-suctioned so as to increase the foaming height of the foaming cell. Also, there can be made a thermal insulation foamed container having this foaming plane on at least its body section.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thermal paste, in which the method includes feeding the thermal paste into a chamber of an extruder; mixing the thermal paste at elevated temperatures; de-airing the thermal paste; and extruding the thermal paste out of the chamber through a die as a pre-form or into a cartridge, such that air channels and pseudo-grain boundaries are prevented from forming in the thermal paste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the wet production of granules from powdered materials, in particular raw materials for the production of glass. The process of the invention comprises the following successive steps: (i) the powdered materials to be granulated are divided into at least two portions: a first portion and a second portion; (ii) a binder liquid is added to the first portion of powdered materials; (iii) the first mixture thus obtained is agglomerated in the granulator in order to obtain granules (a); (iv) the second portion of powdered materials is added to the granulator; and (v) the new mixture obtained is agglomerated in the granulator in order to obtain granules (b). This sequenced granulation process allows granules to be obtained that have a degree of moisture that assures their stability and their ease of handling eliminating the drying step.

Abstract: Method for producing a pressed powder element, wherein the method comprises pre-pressing of loose powder to a first powder blank (14), pre-pressing of loose powder to a second powder blank (15) and pressing together the at least two pre-pressed powder blanks (14, 15) to form a pressed powder element as well as the corresponding apparatus.

Abstract: Signage is presented comprising an in-mold plastic plate portion having a slot. The signage has a flexible tongue having a neck portion that extends outwardly from the plate portion and has a locking tip extending from the neck portion and the locking tip is formed to be received by the slot. The plastic plate portion is made of a filler material and a detectable additive such that the signage is easily detected by a metal detecting machine.

Abstract: A process for the production of a stiffener made of composite material that includes a central part with wings on both sides such that when the wings are resting against an element to be reinforced, the central part is separated from the element to be reinforced, with the process including producing a flat strip (16) that includes at least one layer of fibers, placing it on a mold (26) that includes at least one hollow shape that corresponds to the central part of the stiffener that is to be produced, heating the strip (16), and deforming it in such a way as to make it assume the shapes of the mold (26), characterized in that it includes exerting a transverse traction on the strip (16) during the deformation of the strip.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a laminated composite body including a metal foil and a plurality of fiber plies. The method includes perforating a sheet of metal foil, stacking the perforated metal foil sheet and the plurality of fiber plies in face to face relation in a predetermined order and orientation, and infusing resin into the stacked sheet and plies so that resin flows through the perforations in the metal foil sheet and intersperses between the plurality of fiber plies to form the laminated composite body.