Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic seepage meter for measuring groundwater-surface water exchange in a mixed zone of stream. The present invention includes: the chamber installed in streambed sediment; the device for measuring amount of groundwater recharge through a change in water level accompanied by discharging water in the water in case of losing stream; and the device for measuring amount of groundwater discharge through a change in water level according to an increased water from the chamber to the water bath for measuring discharge in case of gaining stream.

Abstract: A liquid level sensor frequency output system for efficiently communicating a liquid level with reduced power and increased accuracy. The liquid level sensor frequency output system generally includes a sensor that determines a liquid level, a transmitter in communication with the sensor that converts the level data to a signal having a frequency representing the liquid level, and a receiver that receives the signal, wherein the receiver calculates the liquid level based on the frequency of the signal. The calculated liquid level by the receiver can be transmitted to an output device such as a display, switch, warning system or pump.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a gravity gradiometer for detecting a gravity gradient. The gravity gradiometer comprises at least two sensor masses that are pivotable about respective axes and each experience a change in torque in response to a change in gravity gradient whereby the at least two sensor masses move relative to each other in response to the change in gravity gradient and wherein a signal indicative of the gravity gradient is generated in response to the relative movement of the at least two sensor masses. Further, the gravity gradiometer comprises an acceleration sensor for sensing an acceleration associated with an external acceleration applied to the gravity gradiometer. The gravity gradiometer also comprises an actuator for generating an adjustment force that is dependent on an acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensor. The adjustment force is also dependent on a mechanical response parameter associated with at least one of the at least two sensor masses.

Abstract: A measuring utensil includes a handle portion and a measuring portion joined to the handle portion. The handle portion includes a main body, a male component and a female component. The main body has an upper surface and a lower surface and defines at least an outer perimeter of the handle portion. The male component is located within the outer perimeter of the main body and protrudes from the upper surface of the main body to a male engaging surface. The female component is located within the outer perimeter of the main body and is recessed from the lower surface of the main body in a direction towards the upper surface of the main body. The female component extends from the lower surface of the main body to a female engaging surface.

Abstract: A spoon comprises a handle and a bowl. The bowl has a superior face and an inferior face. The bowl includes a front tip-end portion, a rear handle-end portion and a central axis. The bowl includes a first outer edge and a second outer edge, each having a respective length. The bowl includes a first curved side and a second curved side each upturned toward the superior face of the bowl thereby forming a concave arcuate enclosure for an elongated receptacle formed substantially along a portion of the central axis and tapering toward the front tip-end portion. The first curved side and the second curved side terminate at a predefined distance respectively along the first outer edge and the second outer edge from an apex of the rear handle-end portion thereby causing the rear handle-end portion to be flat relative to the first curved side and the second curved side.

Abstract: A chemical sensor is provided on a first semiconductor die. A potentiostat is provided on a second semiconductor die. An analog to digital converter and a microcontroller are provided on a third semiconductor die. The first die is configured to be connected to the second die. The second die is configured to be connected to the third die. The chemical sensor detects a chemical in the surrounding environment and outputs a signal to the analog to digital converter. The analog to digital converter converts the signal to a digital signal and outputs the digital signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller provides a measurement of the concentration of the chemical in the surrounding environment.

Abstract: A rotation-rate sensor includes a substrate having a surface, a movable element situated above the surface, which is deflectable based on a Coriolis force along a first axis that runs perpendicular to the surface, a driving device which is prepared to activate the movable element along a second axis that runs parallel to the surface, a compensation device, in order to generate an electrostatic force along the first axis, including electrodes corresponding to one another, developed on the substrate and on the movable element; a relative degree of covering of the electrodes in the direction of the first axis being a function of the deflection of the movable element along the second axis; and the electrode developed on the movable element runs around an insulating region of the movable element.

Abstract: A gyroscope comprising: a support structure; a drive mass springedly coupled to the support structure such that movement of the drive mass with respect to the support structure is substantially restricted to movement in a first direction; a driver configured to cause the drive mass to oscillate with respect to the support structure in the first direction; a sense mass springedly coupled to the drive mass such that movement of the sense mass with respect to the drive mass is substantially restricted to movement in a second direction, which is orthogonal to the first direction; and a digital trigger comprising a proximity switch coupled between the drive mass and the sense mass, wherein the switch is configured to switch from an open state to a closed state each time the sense mass is in a reference position with respect to the drive mass.

Abstract: Vibration test arrangements incorporate an isolation device. In order to allow the isolation device to operate on one side only of a component subject to vibration testing a clamp association is provided between isolation elements. An abutment pressure to retain and present the component is generated between the isolation elements utilizing the clamp association and an appropriate displacement mechanism. The displacement mechanism is controlled by a controller in a control loop incorporating a sensor to determine operational characteristics of the arrangement and appropriate drivers for the displacement mechanism.

Abstract: To measure the fatigue ageing of an electronic component in an electronic assembly subjected to mechanical excitations, a dynamic correspondence is established between kinematic measurements at certain points and mechanical stresses experienced at points that are critical as regard to the reliability of the electronic assembly. The critical points may be different from the measurement points. This correspondence is integrated into a monitoring device as a functionality that calculates the mechanical stresses, thereby providing an indicator of the cumulative fatigue damage. The invention is such that the monitoring device can be incorporated into the electronic assembly, preferably, the monitoring device is autonomous both as regard to processing the measurements and calculating the damage.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe for examining an item. The probe includes a body having a contact surface adapted for contacting the item when being examined and an ultrasonic transducer attached to the body and spaced from the contact surface. The probe further includes a spacer positioned in the body between the transducer and the contact surface for spacing the transducer from the item when being examined. The spacer includes a coupling surface facing the item when being examined and a transducer surface facing the transducer. The probe also includes a fluid outlet positioned adjacent the coupling surface of the spacer for delivering coupling fluid to the coupling surface as a film so that the coupling fluid tends to maintain contact with the spacer due to surface tension after the fluid is delivered through the outlet.

Abstract: A planar probe for the coupling of ultrasonic signals to a planar component to be tested by means of water-free jet technology is provided. The planar probe includes: at least one preflow chamber; a flow chamber located downstream of at least one preflow chamber, wherein the flow chamber extends through a slot-shaped water outlet opening to a lower surface of the planar probe; a probe, wherein a lateral surface of the probe comprises emitting/receiving elements and forms an inner wall section of the flow chamber; a base body for the reception of the probe; and a sliding plate comprising the slot-shaped water outlet opening, whose planar extension along the component is larger than the planar extension of the base body along the component, wherein the planar probe is connected to the sliding plate.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus for generating photoacoustic images and ultrasound images that is capable of generating both types of images with high resolution is provided. An ultrasound probe includes a plurality of probe elements. A first phase matching adding section reads out photoacoustic signals from a photoacoustic element data memory, and administers phase matching addition within a first phase matching range. An image processing section generates a photoacoustic image based on phase matched and added data. A second phase matching adding section administers phase matching addition on reflected acoustic signals sampled by a signal obtaining section within a second phase matching range. An image processing section generates an ultrasound image based on phase matched and added data. The first phase matching range is greater than the second phase matching range.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating vibrations in a component comprising a clamp assembly for clamping the component and a vibration generator for generating vibrations in the clamped component, the clamp assembly including: a base member, a pair of fixedly-spaced clamp members and a wedge for laterally wedging part of the component between the clamp members thereby to clamp the component. The base member, or a fixed clamp member, is inclined and the wedge having an inclined wedging surface arranged to engage the inclined base member or inclined fixed clamp member. The apparatus may form part of a test rig for vibration testing components such as turbo machine blades.

Abstract: A pressure indicator for indicating pressure of a pressure source. The indicator comprises a first reservoir which defines a first enclosed volume having a first inlet pipe for communication between the first enclosed volume and a first source of pressurised fluid. The first inlet pipe defines a nominal communication path length between the first enclosed volume and a first source of pressurised fluid. A member is provided in the first inlet pipe which defines one or more communication paths of greater length to that of the nominal communication path length.

Abstract: A disclosed pressure-responsive sensor includes a flexible element contained within an enclosure and a membrane configured to exert an electrostatic force on the flexible element to cause the flexible element to respond to pressure variations on the membrane. A disclosed pressure-sensing method includes electrostatically coupling a membrane to a flexible element contained within an enclosure to transfer a pressure response of the membrane to the flexible element. Motion of the flexible element is converted into a pressure signal.

Abstract: A testing apparatus includes a retaining panel, a screw pole, two securing panels moveably attached to the screw pole, and two mounting members. Each of the two securing panels is slidably attached to the retaining panel. Each of the two mounting member is engaged with each of the two securing panels. The two securing panels are moveable relative to the screw pole for sandwiching an electronic device, and each of the two mounting member is engaged with the screw pole, for prevent the two securing panels from disengaged from the electronic device.

Abstract: A robot according to an embodiment includes an arm, a strain sensor, one or more actuator, and a sensor fixing jig. The strain sensor includes a piezoelectric body that has a natural frequency higher than a natural frequency of a structural material forming the arm. The one or more actuators are provided in the arm to drive the arm. The sensor fixing jig is provided in a base of the actuator, among the actuators in the arm, closest to a base end of the arm. The strain sensor is provided in the sensor fixing jig.

Abstract: A strain gauge assembly is disclosed, including a plurality of strain gauges arranged in a side-by-side relationship, each having a first end and a second end. The first and/or second end of one of the plurality of strain gauges is offset from a corresponding first and/or second end of another of the plurality of strain gauges.

Abstract: An overload detecting assembly comprises a first load bearing member (10) adapted to flex laterally in response to a load to be monitored, a second load bearing member (11) spaced from the first under normal load conditions and which is contacted and loaded by the first load bearing member (10) when it is loaded beyond a load limit. Preferably, the first load bearing member (10) has a yield point below the load limit and takes a permanent set once the yield point has been exceeded. A lateral probe (18) cooperates with the first load bearing member as it moves towards the second load bearing member and in turn deflects an indicator member (20) which takes a permanent set when a yield point is exceeded. Ready inspection of the indicator member then reveals whether or not it has been bent.

Abstract: A load testing device is provided, comprising a main beam and a pair of load testing assemblies operatively connected to the main beam. Each of the load testing assemblies includes a load applying member having a first ball at its terminal end; a spreader plate pivotally attached to the first ball to establish a first ball and socket joint enabling three rotational degrees of freedom about the first ball; a bracket pivotally connected to the spreader plate, wherein the bracket further includes a second ball extending toward the main beam; an adjustment beam pivotally attached to the second ball to establish a second ball and socket joint, and wherein the adjustment beam is slidably disposed relative to the main beam and lockable in one or more predetermined positions.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive torque sensor includes a rotation shaft, a magnetostrictive member, and a plurality of detectors. The rotation shaft is rotationally supported. The magnetostrictive member is disposed on a surface of the rotation shaft and being deformable in accordance with a magnitude of rotation torque applied to the rotation shaft to change magnetic permeability. The plurality of detectors are disposed on a periphery of the rotation shaft. Each of the detectors is configured to detect a change in magnetic permeability of the magnetostrictive member in a form of an electrical change. The detectors are configured to detect different amounts of electrical change from one another if amounts of change in deformation are same throughout the magnetostrictive member.

Abstract: A test rig for testing blades for a wind turbine includes a fixing structure where a root end of a wind turbine blade can be fixed, a loading mass structure extending from the fixing structure, and an actuation structure which can apply a sinusoidal force to the loading mass structure so that a counterbalanced resonance is established between the loading mass structure and a blade which is fixed in the fixing structure. Due to the counterbalanced resonance, the force from the test rig onto the floor or other building components can be reduced relative to that known from the traditional rigs for blade testing.

Abstract: A simply-structured initial slippage detection mechanism. When a contact member comes in contact with a contact receiving member via a pressure-sensitive conductive sheet, it is confirmed, on the basis of a change in resistivity of the pressure-sensitive conductive sheet and in response to a detection signal transmitted from the pressure-sensitive conductive sheet, that initial slippage has occurred right before the occurrence of slippage displacement, at a time when a high-frequency waveform component generated right before the occurrence of the slippage displacement of the contact member exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Therefore, it is possible to realize a slippage detection device whose slippage detection section is smaller, more lightweight and thinner.

Abstract: A bicycle hub apparatus comprises an axle, a hub member supported for rotation around the hub axle, an intermediate drive member supported for rotation around the hub axle and having a first portion and a second portion, a sensor shaft supported for rotation around the hub axle and having a first portion and a second portion, and a force sensor unit disposed on the sensor shaft. The first portion of the intermediate drive member is structured to receive an external rotational driving force, the first portion of the sensor shaft is coupled to the second portion of the intermediate drive member to receive the rotational driving force, and the second portion of the sensor shaft is coupled to the hub member for communicating the rotational driving force to the hub member. The intermediate drive member and the sensor shaft are coupled to each other within the hub member.

Abstract: A diluter for diluting a sample flow of a test gas to allow subsequent measurement of emissions in the test gas. During a calibration mode, a first flow control element receives and controls the dilution flow, a second flow control element receives and measures only the dilution flow, and a third flow control element is closed. Also during calibration, the second flow control element is calibrated to the first flow control element. During a measurement mode, the same dilution flow rate is maintained in the first and second flow control elements, the sample flow and dilution flow are mixed, and the mixed flow flows into both the second flow control element and the third flow control element. Also during measurement, the third flow control element controls sample flow, and the second flow control element delivers a portion of the mixed flow to the instrument.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for collecting samples from a powder stream guided in a powder line (3). The device comprises a housing (1) that is disposed on the powder line (3), a slide (5) which comprises a sample well (13) disposed upwardly relative to the powder stream, and a pushing device. There is a sample container (18) provided that matches the sample well (13). An associated withdrawal device (19) comprising withdrawal tongs (20) can be inserted into the housing (1) in such a way that the withdrawal tongs (20) are located axially above the sample well (13) in the inoperative position of the slide (5) and can be fitted on the sample container (18) and connected to the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a test specimen for testing the through-thickness properties of a fiber-reinforced composite material. The specimen comprises a first loading portion having a first longitudinal axis in a first plane and a second loading portion having a second longitudinal axis in a second plane. The first and second planes are substantially parallel and the first and second axes are oblique. The first and second loading portions partially overlap to form a test gauge portion that is integral with the first and second loading portions. The first loading portion extends beyond the test gauge portion in opposite directions along the first axis and the second loading portion extends beyond the gauge portion in opposite directions along the second axis. This allows a force be applied to the test gauge portion through the first and second loading portions.

Abstract: A gyroscope power starter has a housing having a bottom and a concave head slanted at a predetermined angle relative to the housing, the concave head engaging a gyroscope rotor. An electric power source is mounted on the housing. A motor is rigidly mounted to a housing. The motor is connected to the power source for producing a rotational power in response to a switching force. A power rotor is connected in unity with the motor and protruding from an opening into the concave head of the housing to transmit the rotational motor power to the gyroscope rotor. An alignment member is formed in a concave center area. The alignment member protrudes into a groove of a gyroscopic rotor when the gyroscopic rotor is rotating.

Abstract: An electric actuator has a housing (2), an electric motor (3), a speed reduction mechanism (6), a ball screw mechanism (8) and a rotation sensor (9). The ball screw mechanism (8) has a screw thread shaft (23) that moves axially but cannot rotate relative to the housing (8). A nut (24) is inserted over the screw thread shaft (23) and can rotate relative to the housing (2), via a rolling bearing (11), mounted on the housing (2), but cannot move axially. A swing link (13) is arranged to perform the pendulum motion interlocked with the linear motion of the driving shaft (7). A magnet (18) is mounted on the end of a pivotal shaft (17) to form the reference point of the pendulum motion. The position of the driving shaft (7) is detected by the rotation sensor (9) arranged opposite to the magnet (18) via a predetermined air gap.

Abstract: There is provided a linear actuator provided with a dust-proof mechanism capable of preventing dust-proof belts from being deformed, improving a sealing performance between the dust-proof belts and a housing member, and achieving high dust-proof performance irrespective of a size of the linear actuator.

Abstract: A drive system of an electric vehicle includes a drive motor, a transmission and a hydraulic system. The transmission has an input shaft, a countershaft, an output shaft, a first transmission unit placed between the countershaft and the output shaft, a first clutch, a second transmission unit placed between the countershaft and the input shaft, and a second clutch. The drive motor is attached to the input shaft, which is attached to the countershaft to provide power of the drive motor to the countershaft; the first clutch is configured for linking or cutting off the power transmission between the countershaft and the first transmission unit; and the second clutch is configured for linking or cutting off the power transmission between the countershaft and the second transmission unit. The first transmission unit has a first transmission ratio greater than a second transmission ratio of the second transmission unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmission having a housing, having a first drive output shaft, having a second drive output shaft and having a clutch system for distributing a torque between the drive output shafts. At least two transmission components are operatively connected between the drive output shafts and generate lubricating oil pressure. A separate tube extends within the housing from the at least two transmission components to the clutch system in order to supply lubricating oil to the clutch system.

Abstract: A robot is provided in a Cartesian space. The robot is provided with a linear movement rail, a movable body, a swing arm, a linear movement arm. The linear movement rail extends in parallel with the X-axis direction. The movable body is linearly moved in the X-axis direction along the linear movement rail. The swing arm has a first end and a second end. The first end is rotatably connected to the movable body around an R-axis (which is a swing axis) extending in a horizontal direction which is orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the second end extends radially from the R-axis. The linear movement arm, which is connected to the second end of the swing arm, moves a wrist unit in the Y-axis direction which is in parallel with the R-axis. A task tool is loaded to the wrist unit.

Abstract: An electric telescopic steering apparatus includes a jacket having a lower jacket and an upper jacket in order to telescope the jacket; and a screw shaft arranged along a longitudinal direction of the jacket and held under a rotation-locked state. The screw shaft includes one end portion supported by one of the lower jacket and the upper jacket. The electric telescopic steering apparatus further includes a nut screwed on another end portion of the screw shaft and supported by another of the lower jacket and the upper jacket; a driving section configured to drive a rotation of the nut; and a displacement absorbing section provided between the one end portion of the screw shaft and the jacket.

Abstract: A steering apparatus for a vehicle, adjusting a position of a steering wheel in a longitudinal direction of a vehicle body, includes a main tube supported by the vehicle body and having a tubular shape, the main tube including an opening portion being closed in an axial direction of the main tube and extending in the axial direction, a telescopic tube supported by the main tube to be slidable within the main tube, a connecting member firmly attached to the telescopic tube to be movable within the opening portion along the axial direction of the main tube, a drive member connected to the connecting member, and a drive source driving the drive member to move the connecting member in the axial direction.

Abstract: The electronic clutch pedal assembly includes a housing bracket for mounting the pedal assembly to the vehicle, a pedal arm, and a biasing device. The pedal arm includes an upper end and a pedal pad at a lower end. The upper end of the pedal arm is pivotally supported within the housing bracket for movement along a pedal path between an undepressed position and a depressed position. The biasing device includes a first end cap pivotally attached to the housing bracket and a second end cap pivotally attached to the pedal arm. The biasing device includes a compressible member disposed between the first end cap and the second end cap. The compressible member biases the pedal arm towards the undepressed position. Upon depression of the pedal arm towards the depressed position, the compressible member compresses as the biasing device rotates to provide a variable pedal resistance over the pedal path.

Abstract: A faucet control handle structure, which can be used in different water control bases with different sizes, including a control handle and a adjustable device, wherein the control handle has a receiving space that has two positioning ribs cross each other to engage with the adjustable device. The adjustable device has an adjustable base, a clamping piece and an adjustable unit, wherein the adjustable base has a sleeve hole, one end of which has a plurality of wedging edges formed at the opening end thereof. A clamping piece that can be adjusted to move back and forth is then formed in an opposing direction of the wedging edge. According to the above structure, since the adjustable device is located at the receiving space of the control handle, it can be used for water control sticks with different sizes of the water control base to enhance the practicability of the faucet handle and increase the convenience during the assembly process.

Abstract: It is provided a vehicle operation pedal in which a pedal sheet is integrally fixed to a sheet fixed portion of a pedal arm in such a posture that a depressed face of the pedal sheet, which is depressed by a driver, faces a driver's seat, comprising a fitting hole through which the sheet fixed portion of the pedal arm extends formed in the pedal sheet; and the sheet fixed portion being fitted into the fitting hole from a rear face that is on the side opposite to the depressed face, and a peripheral portion around the fitting hole being integrally fixed to the sheet fixed portion by welding performed from the depressed face side.

Abstract: A driving force distribution/transmission device suppresses a shift of lubrication oil when a vehicle makes a turn, smoothly lubricates sliding parts, and improves reliability. The driving force distribution/transmission device 1 includes a gear input rotary member 53 and a gear output rotary member 55 that are interlocked to transmit a driving force through the meshing of a drive pinion gear 91 and a ring gear 93; and a left-right pair of clutch output adjusting mechanisms 57 and 59 coupled with both ends of the gear output rotary member 55, to carry out a driving force output adjustment through the engagement of frictional multiplate clutches 139. A closed and partitioned gear room 56 contains the drive pinion gear 91 and ring gear 93 therein. The main clutches 139 are contained in a left-right pair of closed and partitioned clutch rooms 125, respectively. Lubrication spaces in the three separate rooms, i.e.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a casing, a press cutting mechanism, a switching wheel and stripping mechanism. The casing has a hollow chamber in its interior. The press cutting mechanism is installed inside the hollow chamber. The press cutting mechanism includes a ram component and a sleeve that sheathes the ram component. The external periphery of the sleeve has a first positioning surface. The switching wheel has a through hole that corresponds to and selectively connects to the sleeve. The inner wall of the through hole has a second positioning surface. The stripping mechanism has a lock connected to the casing through a soft belt. By turning the switching wheel, the second positioning surface and the first positioning surface can be aligned or misaligned. As a result the hand tool can be switched between two or more functions.

Abstract: A roofing material removal device that includes a wheeled frame, a plurality of vertical cutting blades being secured to a front of the wheeled frame, each of the vertical cutting blades being rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis, at least one horizontal cutting blade being secured to the wheeled frame, the horizontal cutting blade being slidable in a lateral motion along a substantially horizontal plane, a first motor being coupled to the vertical cutting blades for rotating the vertical cutting blades, and a second motor being coupled to the horizontal cutting blade for moving the horizontal cutting blade in a lateral motion.

Abstract: A hydraulic wrench for high-torque tightening/loosening which has two separate functions. The first function provides a manual wrench for performing tightening/loosening approximations which is accomplished by blocking of the bearing wrench regarding the a piston, the device becoming rigid as it was one single body. In the second function the hydraulic wrench serves as a tool performing high-torque tightening and loosening.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a handle; a wrench head comprising a first cavity and a second cavity communicating therewith; a drive gear and socket combination rotatably disposed in the first cavity and comprising surface teeth; a reversing pawl comprising pawl teeth on one surface, the pawl teeth meshed with the teeth of the drive gear and socket; a pivotal unit pivotably disposed in the second cavity, the pivotal unit urging against the other surface of the reversing pawl and being adapted to reciprocally pivot about the reversing pawl; and a reversing button assembly moveably disposed on the wrench hand and aligned with an axial direction of the handle. The reversing button assembly is adapted to manually move along a straight line to activate the pivotal unit which pivots the reversing pawl so as to permit the drive gear and socket combination to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.

Abstract: A driver accessory includes a housing having a first housing portion and a second housing portion movable relative to the first housing portion, an input shaft at least partially received in the first housing portion and defining a first axis, and an output shaft at least partially received in the second housing portion and defining a second axis. The output shaft is supportable by the housing in a first position relative to the input shaft in which the first and second axes are substantially parallel, and in a second position relative to the input shaft in which the first and second axes are non-parallel. The driver accessory also includes a locking mechanism operable to secure the second housing portion relative to the first housing portion when the output shaft is in the first position and the second position relative to the input shaft.

Abstract: A fixing device for a tool member includes a handle having a receiving space opened at one end thereof for receiving a connector, the tool member having an operation head defined at one end thereof, a connecting end defined at another end of the tool member for connecting to the connector, the connector having two flat bodies which are pivoted with each other, a fixing unit defined between the two flat bodies for fixing the connecting end of the tool member to the connector, the connector having at least one engaging rib defined at one end thereof for engaging with a wall of the receiving space. Therefore, the tool member is easily detachable from the handle via the connector.

Abstract: A multiple tool station block for a machine having a Y-axis, such as a CNC machine, is provided.

Abstract: A sandpaper cutting tool having a substantially rectangular multi-tiered platform including a first and second measuring surface, a top surface, and a back. The second measuring surface is positioned between the first measuring surface and the top surface. The first measuring, second measuring, and top surfaces vertically align and define the back. The first measuring surface has a front cutting edge and a first blade having a serrated edge vertically aligned adjacent the front cutting edge. The second measuring surface has a front cutting edge and a second blade having a serrated edge vertically aligned adjacent the front cutting edge. A first backstop is defined between the first measuring surface and the second measuring surface. A second backstop is defined between the second measuring surface and the top surface.

Abstract: A method of creating perforations in wrapping film uses an apparatus that contains a plurality of needle points (or other piercing features) formed along a free-wheeling support bar. The bar is positioned to contact the film while it is being unrolled and is in a ‘tensioned ’ state (in some embodiments, immediately prior to contacting the element to be wrapped). In performing the method, the free-wheeling perforation apparatus contacts a mechanized film roller such that the exposed needle points rotate against the mechanized roller and make the perforations in the film as it travels over the film roller. As long as the film roller is formed of a pliable material, the needles will pierce the film and create the desired perforations. The size and placement of needles can be adjusted to provide the required pattern of perforations, as well as dictate the size of the actual perforations.

Abstract: A machine for accurately cutting tiles, blocks of concrete, clay, blocks of stone and stone materials, wood and wooden materials is described. It may include a support stand which at its top supports a removable bed structure. The bed includes a motor-driven cutting disc recessed-mounted axially along pillow blocks such that a substantial portion of the cutting disc is projected above the bed surface and its mode of rotation is about a fixed centralized axis. Trolley track rails situated on distal ends of both long sides of the bed allow for lateral movement of the trolley above the bed surface to facilitate the cutting operation. During operation the object secured safely on the trolley which is manually moved towards the cutting disc while a perforated shower head sprays water onto the work piece. Water is filtered and recycled back to the shower via the bin situated below the cutting disc and then to the recycle and filter unit.