Abstract: A positive-electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery includes a core portion and a shell portion. The core portion includes at least one of an inorganic oxide having a polyanionic structure and an inorganic compound oxide having a polyanionic structure and including a carbon. The shell portion includes a carbon and covers the core portion. The positive-electrode active material has a property that indicates a continuous pore distribution curve in a graph where a horizontal axis represents a pore diameter and a vertical axis represents a log differentiation pore volume. The positive-electrode active material is manufactured by wet-cracking the inorganic oxide or the inorganic compound oxide with an organic acid solution, and sintering a cracked substance in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A positive-electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery includes a core portion and a shell portion. The core portion contains an inorganic oxide with a polyanionic structure. The shell portion coats the core portion. The shell portion contains a carbon and an inorganic accelerator that accelerates generation of the shell portion by the carbon. The content of the inorganic accelerator is 0.2 mass % or more of the inorganic oxide when the mass of the inorganic oxide is defined as 100%.

Abstract: A method for forming nanometer-sized super-iron salt particles and a storage battery having the nanometer-sized super oxidized iron salts is provided. The method includes providing super-iron salts, and grinding the super-iron salts to nanometer-sized super-iron salt particles in a water-free environment.

Abstract: A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a nickel-based composite oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein the nickel-based composite oxide includes an over lithiated oxide and non-continuous portions of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide on a surface of the over lithiated oxide. LiaNibCocMndO2 ??Chemical Formula 1 where 1<a<1.6, 0.1<b<0.7, 0.1<c<0.4, and 0.1<d<0.7.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery that has a lithium nickel phosphate compound in the positive electrode, is free of collapse of the crystal structure even at high potentials and is resistant to cycle deterioration. The lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has a positive electrode active material. This positive electrode active material contains a lithium nickel phosphate compound that is represented by the general formula LiNi(1-x)MnxPO4 (wherein 0<x?0.15) and that has an orthorhombic crystal structure belonging to space group Cmcm.

Abstract: A complex alloy of at least three phases comprising a composite alloy composed of an Si single phase and an Si—Al-M alloy phase, and an L phase offers a negative electrode material. M is an element selected from transition metals and metals of Groups 4 and 5, and L is In, Sn, Sb, Pb or Mg. The negative electrode material provides a lithium ion battery with a high capacity and long life. The material itself is highly conductive and increases the energy density per volume of a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: A negative-electrode material is a carbonaceous negative-electrode material used in an alkali metal ion battery and an average layer spacing d002 of face (002) calculated by an X-ray diffraction method using CuK? radiation as a radiation source is equal to or more than 0.340 nm. When the negative-electrode material is embedded in an epoxy resin, the epoxy resin is cured, the resultant cured material is cut and polished to expose a cross-section of the negative-electrode material, and the cross-section is observed in a bright field with 1000 times magnification using an optical microscope, a first region and a second region having different reflectance ratios are observed from the cross-section of the negative-electrode material.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of making a battery anode in which a quantity of graphite powder is provided. The temperature of the graphite powder is raised from a starting temperature to a first temperature between 1000 and 2000° C. during a first heating period. The graphite powder is then cooled to a final temperature during a cool down period. The graphite powder is contacted with a forming gas during at least one of the first heating period and the cool down period. The forming gas includes H2 and an inert gas.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of preparing a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes preparing a solution including spherically shaped natural graphite particles and a solvent, ultrasonic wave-treating the solution, and drying the ultrasonic wave-treated solution to prepare graphite modified particles, and a rechargeable lithium battery prepared therefrom.

Abstract: There are provided a constitution which can suppress a decrease in the cycle performance in repetition of charging and discharging, and a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the constitution. An electrolyte-negative electrode structure (7) comprises: a negative electrode (4) in which a negative electrode active material layer (3) comprising a material capable of intercalating lithium ions is formed on a current collector (2); and a solid electrolyte (6) comprising an inorganic particle having lithium ion conductivity, a polymer gel to be impregnated with an electrolyte solution, and an organic polymer acting as a binder for the inorganic particle and being capable of being impregnated with the polymer gel, wherein the negative electrode active material layer (3) and the solid electrolyte (6) are unified through the organic polymer as a medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electricity storage device including a first electrode (a positive electrode (20)), a second electrode (a negative electrode (21)), and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The first electrode contains, as an active material, an organic compound having a quinone skeleton. The second electrode has a polarity opposite to that of the first electrode. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a lithium salt and a solvent represented by the following formula (1): R—O(CH2CH2O)n—R???(1) where R and R? are each independently a saturated hydrocarbon having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 2 to 6.

Abstract: A secondary battery which includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode has a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode collector has a base material which is formed of aluminum foil and an resin film which has a thickness of 0.01 to 5 ?m and does not allow a nonaqueous electrolyte to permeate therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode that can be used for a sodium secondary battery having a larger discharge capacity when charging and discharging are performed repeatedly than that of the prior art. This sodium secondary battery electrode contains tin (Sn) powder as an electrode active material. The electrode, particularly, further contains one or more electrode-forming agents selected from the group consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(sodium acrylate) (PAANa), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), thereby making it possible to provide a sodium secondary battery having even greater electrode performance.

Abstract: Disclosed are a non-aqueous electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the non-aqueous electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a lithium salt; a non-aqueous organic solvent; and trialkylsilyl borate as an additive, wherein he non-aqueous organic solvent may include a solvent having a low melting point of less than or equal to about ?50° C. and ionic conductivity of greater than or equal to about 6 S/cm at 25° C.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell capable of preventing elution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof immobilized on an electrode, and capable of preventing performance degradation due to elution, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell. A biofuel cell having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other via a proton conductor, the biofuel cell configured so that an enzyme is used to extract electrons from a fuel, wherein the negative electrode is configured from an electrode including carbon and/or an inorganic compound having pores with a size of 2 nm or more and 100 nm or less on the surface, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof being immobilized on the carbon and/or the inorganic compound. A carbon particle, a carbon sheet, or carbon fiber is used as the carbon.

Abstract: A metal-air battery that includes a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, in which a metal porous body is further provided between the negative electrode layer and the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to gas diffusion electrodes for rechargeable electrochemical cells, which comprise at least one support material bearing at least one catalyst, wherein the support material comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of electrically conductive metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides and organic semiconductors. The present invention further relates to a process for producing such gas diffusion electrodes and also rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising such gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to efficiently harnessing the mechanical energy of actuators used for producing vibration alerts in portable electronic devices to control the flow of fuel and mix the fuel in devices with fuel cells. Example embodiments control the flow of fuel into a reaction area and/or mix fuel in a fuel storage area of a fuel cell assembly. Such fuel flow control and mixing may be performed passively whenever a vibration alert occurs, or may be performed actively in response to monitoring the status of the fuel cell assembly.

Abstract: A filter module (1) for cleaning a fluid, including a housing (2) with an inlet opening (3) and an outlet opening (4), wherein the housing (2) forms an accommodation space (5) in which at least one filter element (6) is accommodated, wherein the filter element (6) exhibits a filter medium (7) which is configured like a block in view of the problem of configuring a filter model such that the dead space in the housing is as small as possible, that the filter module has good filter performance and a cost-effective as well as time-saving fabrication and offers effective use of a filter medium, characterized in that the filter medium (7) is pleated and is telescoped into a block (8).

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a controller, a fuel cell stack, a fuel inlet conduit operatively connected to the fuel cell stack, the fuel inlet conduit adapted to receive fuel from a fuel supply, a recycling conduit operatively connecting the fuel cell stack to the fuel inlet conduit, the recycling conduit adapted to recycle a portion of a fuel exhaust stream from the fuel cell stack to the fuel inlet conduit, and an ammonia or hydrazine storage vessel operatively connected to the fuel inlet conduit via a valve coupled to the controller. The controller is configured to control the operation of the valve to provide ammonia or hydrazine from the ammonia or hydrazine storage vessel into the fuel inlet conduit upon detecting a change in the fuel from the fuel supply.

Abstract: Thermotechnical units of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are integrated as a whole one. The units may include a burner, a reformer and a heat exchanger. The integrated units can be easily assembled into an SOFC system with cell stacks. Thus, the present invention has a simple structure, operates with ease, saves operational cost, runs with fewer utilities, decreases heat dissipation and enhances system performance.

Abstract: A non-catalytic hydrogen generation process is provided that supplies hydrogen to a hydrodesulfurization unit and a solid oxide fuel cell system combination, suitable for auxiliary power unit application. The non-catalytic nature of the process enables use of sulfur containing feedstock for generating hydrogen which is needed to process the sulfur containing feed to specifications suitable for the solid oxide fuel cell. Also, the non-catalytic nature of the process with fast dynamic characteristics is specifically applicable for startup and shutdown purposes that are typically needed for mobile applications.

Abstract: As an activation time power generation mode of a fuel cell system, a control device executes: a first step of determining whether or not hydrogen is present in an anode gas flow path; a second step of bringing a contactor to a connected state if hydrogen is detected in the first step as being present in the anode gas flow path; a third step of supplying air to a cathode through a cathode gas flow path after the second step has been executed; and a fourth step of, if a voltage of the fuel cell stack detected by a voltage detection device reaches a predetermined voltage, connecting an electrical load to the fuel cell stack, and performing electric power generation of the fuel cell stack while maintaining the voltage at or below the predetermined voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling system for a fuel cell, comprising a main heat-transfer-fluid circuit including a circulation pump (6) and a heat exchanger (8) with the exterior, which feed an upstream pipe (12) supplying the fluid to the cells (4) of the fuel cell, said fluid leaving the cells via a downstream pipe (14) in order to return to the main pump. The invention is characterised in that the main circuit comprises a three-port controlled valve (10, 16) on each upstream (12) and downstream (14) pipe, the third available port (10c) of the upstream pipe (12) being connected to the inlet of the pump (6) and the third available port (16c) of the downstream pipe (14) being connected to the outlet of the pump in order to establish a secondary fluid circuit.

Abstract: Fuel cell devices and systems are provided. In certain embodiments, the devices include a ceramic support structure having a length, a width, and a thickness with the length direction being the dominant direction of thermal expansion. A reaction zone having at least one active layer therein is spaced from the first end and includes first and second opposing electrodes, associated active first and second gas passages, and electrolyte. The active first gas passage includes sub-passages extending in the y direction and spaced apart in the x direction. An artery flow passage extends from the first end along the length and into the reaction zone and is fluidicly coupled to the sub-passages of the active first gas passage. The thickness of the artery flow passage is greater than the thickness of the sub-passages.

Abstract: Cathode exhaust of an evaporatively cooled fuel cell stack (50) is condensed in a heat exchanger (12a, 23, 23a) having extended fins (14, 25a) or tubes (24, 24a) to prevent pooling of condensate, and/or having the entire exit surface of the condenser rendered hydrophilic with wicking (32) to conduct water away. The cathode exhaust flow paths may be vertical or horizontal, they may be partly or totally rendered hydrophilic, and if so, in liquid communication with hydrophilic end surfaces of the condenser, and the condensers (49) may be tilted away from a normal orientation with respect to earth's gravity.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack (10) having a plurality of modules (12) and each module (12) having an elongate hollow member (14). Each hollow member (14) has a first flat surface (16) and a second flat surface (18) arranged parallel to the first flat surface (16). At least one of the modules (12) includes a plurality of fuel cells (20). The fuel cells (20) are arranged on at least one of the first and second flat surfaces (16,18) of the at least one module (12). A first end (30) and a first side (32) of each module (12) has a first integral feature (34) to provide a spacer and a connection with an adjacent module (12) and a second end (38) and a second side (40) of each module (12) has a second integral feature (42) to provide a spacer and a connection with another adjacent module (12).

Abstract: Disclosed is a stack for simulating a cell voltage reversal behavior in a fuel cell. The stack is configured to have a structure in which a separator of a portion of a plurality of cells in the stack have an inlet of a hydrogen flow field partially blocked to induce hydrogen starvation only in the portion of the plurality of cells.

Abstract: Various embodiments include fuel cell interconnects having a fuel distribution portion having an inlet opening, a fuel collection portion having an outlet opening, and a primary fuel flow field containing channels, wherein the fuel distribution portion comprises at least one raised feature defining a fuel distribution flow path, and the fuel distribution flow path is not continuous with the channels in the primary fuel flow field. The at least one raised feature may include, for example, a network of ribs and/or dots. Further embodiments include interconnects having a fuel distribution portion with a variable surface depth to provide variable flow restriction and/or a plenum with variable surface depth and raised a raised relief feature on the cathode side, and/or varying flow channel depths and/or rib heights adjacent a fuel hole.

Abstract: Fuel cell subgaskets made of extrusion based, microcellular polymeric foam; fuel cell stacks comprising the provided subgaskets; methods of sealing between plates of a fuel cell stack using the provided subgaskets; and methods of manufacturing such subgaskets.

Abstract: An electrochemical device and methods of using the same. In one embodiment, the electrochemical device may be used as a fuel cell and/or as an electrolyzer and includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), an anodic gas diffusion medium in contact with the anode of the MEA, a cathodic gas diffusion medium in contact with the cathode, a first bipolar plate in contact with the anodic gas diffusion medium, and a second bipolar plate in contact with the cathodic gas diffusion medium. Each of the bipolar plates includes an electrically-conductive, chemically-inert, non-porous, liquid-permeable, substantially gas-impermeable membrane in contact with its respective gas diffusion medium, as well as a fluid chamber and a non-porous an electrically-conductive plate.

Abstract: A strip for linking anodes and cathodes of an electrochemical converter is made from a metallized porous substrate including a hydrophobic coating, at least in areas in contact with the anodes or cathodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel sulfonate-based compound, a method for preparing the same, a polymer electrolyte membrane comprising the sulfonate-based compound, a membrane electrode assembly comprising the same and a fuel cell comprising the same.

Abstract: An ion-conducting composite electrolyte is provided comprising path-engineered ion-conducting ceramic electrolyte particles and a solid polymeric matrix. The path-engineered particles are characterized by an anisotropic crystalline structure and the ionic conductivity of the crystalline structure in a preferred conductivity direction H associated with one of the crystal planes of the path-engineered particle is larger than the ionic conductivity of the crystalline structure in a reduced conductivity direction L associated with another of the crystal planes of the path-engineered particle. The path-engineered particles are sized and positioned in the polymeric matrix such that a majority of the path-engineered particles breach both of the opposite major faces of the matrix body and are oriented in the polymeric matrix such that the preferred conductivity direction H is more closely aligned with a minimum path length spanning a thickness of the matrix body than is the reduced conductivity direction L.

Abstract: A method of making an ion conducting membrane includes a step of reacting a compound having formula 1 with a polymer having polymer segment 2: to form a copolymer having polymer segment 2 and polymer segment 3: and The copolymer having polymer segment 2 and polymer segment 3 are then formed into an ion conducting membrane, wherein Z is a C6-80 aliphatic, polyether, or perfluoropolyether; Y is a divalent linking group; E0 is a hydrocarbon-containing moiety; Q1 is a perfluorocyclobutyl moiety; P1, P2 are each independently absent, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —CO—, —SO2—, —NH—, NR2—, or —R3—; R2 is C1-25 alkyl, C1-25 aryl or C1-25 arylene; and R3 is C1-25 alkylene, C1-25 perfluoroalkylene, perfluoroalkyl ether, alkylether, or C1-25 arylene.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having a liquid electrolyte which includes a protic solvent, an anode electrode disposed in contact with the liquid electrolyte, and a cathode electrode disposed in contact with the liquid electrolyte. A membrane which interrupts the transport of ions between the electrodes at a predetermined temperature is disposed in the liquid electrolyte between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. In this way, electrochemical devices such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, and sensors, which may overheat during use and cause a fire or explosion, are precluded from overheating.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts, especially catalytic anodes, useful for catalyzing reactions in fuel cells and in other environments. The catalysts have a substrate base made of iridium and/or ruthenium. There is a very thin coating on the substrate which is a mix of platinum and at least one metal selected from gold, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, and osmium. The anodes are resistant to carbon monoxide adulteration.

Abstract: The invention relates to gas diffusion electrodes for rechargeable electrochemical metal-oxygen cells, which comprise at least one porous support and one or more layers which are applied to one side of the porous support and comprise at least one catalyst for a metal-oxygen cell, wherein at least one function-relevant parameter changes continuously or discontinuously with increasing distance from the porous support in the catalyst-comprising layer or layers. The present invention further relates to processes for producing such gas diffusion electrodes and rechargeable electrochemical metal-oxygen cells comprising such gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a rechargeable electrochemical metal-oxygen cell, comprising at least one positive electrode, at least one negative metal-comprising electrode and at least one separator having two sides for separating the positive and negative electrodes, wherein, in one of the process steps, at least one side of the separator is coated with at least one material for forming one of the two electrodes (hereinafter referred to as electrode material) or at least one side of at least one of the two electrodes is coated with at least one material for forming the separator (hereinafter referred to as separator material) to form a separator-electrode assembly.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a fuel cell includes fixedly attaching a reinforcement to a proton-exchange membrane and to an electrode placed against a first face of the proton-exchange membrane. The reinforcement has a median aperture through which an interior portion of the electrode is exposed. Fixedly attaching the reinforcement includes superimposing an inner edge of the reinforcement over a periphery of the electrode, and causing a projecting portion of the reinforcement to project the proton-exchange membrane so as to limit gas permeation into the proton-exchange membrane, and forming filigrees by a wet process in a gas diffusion layer, thereby forming a recess therein, and placing the gas diffusion layer so that the inner edge of the reinforcement extends into the recess in the gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: Techniques for generating 3-D holographic images of a 3-D real or synthetic object scene are presented. A holographic generator component (HGC) can obtain a real or synthetic 3-D object scene. The HGC generates a high-resolution grating, and generates a low-resolution mask based on the 3-D object scene. The HGC overlays the mask on the grating to generate the hologram, which can be a digital mask programmable hologram. The HGC can use the grating as an encryption key, if desired, wherein the mask can be encrypted based on the encryption key. The display component receives the hologram and can generate holographic images, based on the hologram, and display the holographic images using one or more low-resolution displays. The grating and display can be arranged in various formations in relation to each other. A single display can be partitioned into a tile structure for displaying holographic images in the respective tiles.

Abstract: A method for repairing phase defects for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask is disclosed. The method includes receiving a patterned EUV mask with at least one phase-defect region, determining location and size of the phase-defect region, depositing an absorber material to cover the phase-defect region and removing a portion of the patterned absorption layer near the phase-defect region in the patterned EUV mask to form an absorber-absent region.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a positional deviation measuring method includes measuring a positional deviation of a device pattern formed in a lower layer portion using an alignment mark of the lower layer portion as a reference; measuring a positional deviation of a device pattern formed in an upper layer portion above the lower layer portion using an alignment mark of the upper layer portion as a reference; measuring a positional deviation between the alignment mark of the lower layer portion and the alignment mark of the upper layer portion; and calculating a positional deviation between the device patterns based on the positional deviation between the alignment marks.

Abstract: A pattern mask for patterning a thin film includes a transparent or translucent substrate with a plurality of grooves formed thereon having a pitch of about 4.6 ?m to about 10.8 ?m.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a cell mask pattern disposed in a cell region of a mask substrate and a vernier mask pattern disposed in a vernier region of the mask substrate. The vernier mask pattern includes a variable mask pattern portion to transfer a different shape of pattern depending on the magnitude of exposure energy.

Abstract: A pellicle for EUV including a silicon film and a mesh work structure supporting the silicon film, and this pellicle is improved in that the grid frames of the mesh work structure are tapered in such a manner that the width of each grid frame lessens as the distance from the silicon film is increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive photosensitive resin composition and a method for forming patterns by using the same. The positive photosensitive resin composition includes a novolac resin (A), an ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B), a dye (C) and a solvent (D). The novolac resin (A) further includes hydroxy-type novolac resin (A-1), which is synthesized by condensing hydroxylbenzaldehyde compound with aromatic hydroxyl compound. The dye (C) includes at least one (C-1) selected from the group consisting of diazo dye, anthraquinone dye and chromium (III, Cr3+) azo dye, as well as triarylmethane dye (C-2). Since the positive photosensitive resin composition can form colorfully fine patterns on metal circuits, and such patterns are not decolored after being etched, thereby beneficially blocking the reflected light of the metal circuits.

Abstract: Method of adjusting the melt flow index of a toner is described, the method including adjusting the pH of the toner after the toner particles have been coalesced and the adjusting alters the melt flow index of the toner.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus according to an embodiment controls the positioning between layers using an alignment correction value calculated on the basis of lower layer position information of a lower-layer-side pattern and upper layer position information of an upper-layer-side pattern. The lower layer position information includes alignment data, a focus map, and a correction value which is set on the basis of the previous substrate. The upper layer position information includes alignment data, a focus map, and a correction value which is a correction value for the positioning and is used when the upper-layer-side pattern is transferred.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a leakage hardly occurs, a process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The conductive layer in the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains metal oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with niobium or tantalum. The relations: Ia?6,000 and 10?Ib are satisfied. The conductive layer before the test is performed has a volume resistivity of not less than 1.0×108 ?·cm and not more than 5.0×1012 ?·cm.