Abstract: The present invention notably relates to ulvan lyases, to nucleic acid sequences coding for these ulvan lyases, to vectors comprising these coding sequences, to a method of manufacturing these ulvan lyases, as well as to a method of degrading ulvans using these ulvan lyases and applicable applications to the degradation products of the ulvans. The ulvan lyases of the present invention, or ulvanolytic protein, are notably defined as proteins of 30 or 46 kD comprising the following four sequences in their peptide sequence: PNDPNLK, LLEVGNTGTFGSTGS, DLANPDNV and WNLPE.

Abstract: Methods for production of highly unsaturated fatty acids by marine microorganisms, including the heterotrophic marine dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium, using low levels of chloride ion are disclosed. Specifically, methods of increasing production of highly unsaturated fatty acids by marine microorganisms while growing in low chloride media by manipulating sodium ion and potassium ion levels. The invention also relates to methods of production of highly unsaturated fatty acids by marine organisms at low pH levels, and includes methods for generation of low pH tolerant strains.

Abstract: A Escherichia, Salmonella, Yersinia, Vibrio, Listeria, Shigella, or Pseudomonas bacterium that has the following components: (I) a polynucleotide encoding a heterologous antigenic determinant that induces a CTL response against a tumor cell; (II) a polynucleotide encoding a heterologous protein toxin or toxin subunit; and (III) (a) a polynucleotide encoding a transport system that expresses the products of (I) and (II) on the outer surface of the bacterium or that secretes products of (I) and (II) from the bacterium; and (IV) a polynucleotide that activates the expression of one or more of (I). (II), and/Or (III) in the bacterium wherein polynucleotides (I), (II), (III) and (IV) are different from each other and polynucleotides (I), (II) and (III) encode proteins that are different from each other.

Abstract: A search of the public human genome database identified a human EST, GenBank accession number AW293249, which has high homology to known pufferfish urocortin sequences. The full length sequence was amplified from human genomic DNA and sequenced. Sequence homology comparisons of the novel sequence with human urocortin I and urocortin II revealed that the sequence encoded a novel human urocortin, which was designated urocortin III (UcnIII). While urocortin III does not have high affinity for either CRF-R1 or CRF-R2, the affinity for CRF-R2 is greater than the affinity for CRF-R1. Urocortin III is capable stimulating cyclic AMP production in cells expressing CRF-R2? or ?. Thus, the affinity is high enough that urocortin III could act as a native agonist of CRF-R2. However, it is also likely that urocortin III is a stronger agonist of a yet to be identified receptor.

Abstract: A method for producing D-lactic acid in high yield, and to provide a method for producing D-lactic acid with high selectivity, in which optical purity is high and a by-product organic acid is small. In one aspect, a microorganism, wherein activity of pyruvate formate-lyase (pfl) is inactivated or decreased, and further activity of Escherichia coli-derived NADH-dependent D-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) is enhanced, is cultured to efficiently produce D-lactic acid. With regard to a method for enhancing ldhA activity, by linking, on a genome, a gene encoding ldhA with a promoter of a gene which controls expression of a protein involved in a glycolytic pathway, a nucleic acid biosynthesis pathway or an amino acid biosynthesis pathway, suitable results are obtained compared to the method for enhancing expression of the gene using an expression vector.

Abstract: A high flux in conversion of pyruvate to acetolactate was achieved in yeast through expression of acetolactate synthase in the cytosol in conjunction with reduction in pyruvate decarboxylase activity. Additional manipulations to improve flux to acetolactate are reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and reduced glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Production of compounds having acetolactate as an upstream intermediate benefit from the increased conversion of pruvate to acetolactate in the described strains.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biological H2S removal system for the treatment of process gas, comprising: a housing that receives a process gas stream through a gas inlet, the housing comprising a plurality of layers through which the process gas stream flows while it is treated for H2S removal, and a gas outlet through which a treated gas stream exits; wherein air is added to the process gas stream prior to the process gas stream entering the housing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for isolating samples are provided. The system comprises a first membrane and a second membrane disposed within an enclosure. First and second reservoirs can also be disposed within the enclosure and adapted to contain one or more reagents therein. A first valve can be disposed within the enclosure and in fluid communication with the first reservoir, the second reservoir, or both. The first valve can also be in fluid communication with the first or second membranes or both. The first valve can be adapted to selectively regulate the flow of the reagents from the first reservoir, through at least one of the first and second membranes, and into the second reservoir.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring bacteria that includes a sampling device for processing fluorescently stained bacteria, a detector for detecting size information from the bacteria in the sample, and a detector for detecting fluorescence information expressing intensity of fluorescent light emitted by the bacteria. The apparatus further includes a processor and memory that includes programs for creating a scattergram representing a distribution of the bacteria based on the size information and the fluorescence information detected, analyzing the distribution of the bacteria in the scattergram, and determining whether the bacteria in the sample is bacillus or coccus based on a result of the analysis.

Abstract: For the purpose of improving the accuracy of a variety analyses using a bio-microarray, it is a main object of the invention to provide a bio-microarray capable of producing relatively high signal intensity from a fluorescent molecule and capable of having improved quantification performance and to provide a substrate for bio-microarray. In order to achieve the object, the invention provides a substrate for bio-microarray characterized by having a reflection-suppressing function.

Abstract: Bioreactors are provided that include a vessel and a jet mixer disposed in the vessel. Methods that utilize the bioreactors are provided, involving placing a microorganism or cells and a fluid medium in the bioreactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to using a combination of DNA-expression constructs for producing a drug for immunization against leishmania infections and a corresponding vaccine. The DNA-expression construct is also disclosed. According to said invention the immunogene P36 LACK is used in combination with a leishmania infantum thiol-specific antioxidant protein gene (TSA), leishmania infantum kinetoplastid membrane protein 11 (KMP-11) and with a leishmania infantum GP63 antigen for producing an immune response. Plasmides, preferably minimalist immunologically defined gene-expression constructs (MIDGE) can be used in the form of the DNA-expression construct. The inventive DNA-expression construct makes it possible to produce a vaccine for treating leishmania infectious diseases and is used in the form of a component of said vaccine.

Abstract: Intact, bacterially-derived minicells can safely introduce therapeutically effective amounts of plasmid-free functional nucleic acid to target mammalian cells. To this end, functional nucleic acid can be packaged into intact minicells directly, without resort to expression constructs, the expression machinery of the host cell, harsh chemicals or electroporation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds and methods for decreasing PrP and preventing, ameliorating, or treating a prion disease or conformational neurodegenerative disorder, in an individual in need thereof. Examples of disease conditions that can be ameliorated with the administration of antisense compounds targeted to PrP include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD); variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD); Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome; fatal familial insomnia; kuru; Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), e.g. “mad cow disease”; Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD); scrapie; transmissible mink encephalopathy; feline spongiform encephalopathy; ungulate spongiform encephalopathy; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; Huntington's disease; and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

Abstract: An isolated polynucleotide encoding a modified luciferase polypeptide and substrates. The OgLuc variant polypeptide has at least 60% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and at least one amino acid substitution at a position corresponding to an amino acid in SEQ ID NO: 1. The OgLuc variant polypeptide has at least one of enhanced luminescence, enhanced signal stability, and enhanced protein stability relative to the corresponding polypeptide of the wild-type Oplophorus luciferase.

Abstract: Gene-modified, inflammation-specific monocytes that comprise a 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene, where the 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene is expressed to produce functional 1-alpha-hydroxylase enzyme when the monocytes transdifferentiate into gene-modified, inflammation-specific macrophages. Gene-modified, inflammation-specific macrophages that comprise a 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene. A method for treating one or more than one inflammation-related condition or disease, the method comprising administering gene-modified, inflammation-specific monocytes that comprise a 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene, where the 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene is expressed to produce functional 1-alpha-hydroxylase enzyme when the monocytes transdifferentiate into gene-modified, inflammation-specific macrophages.

Abstract: The present invention incorporates germinal centers (GCs) into three-dimensional (3D) engineered tissue constructs (ETCs). In an embodiment, we have incorporated the GC in the design of an artificial immune system (AIS) to examine immune responses to vaccines and other compounds. Development of an in vitro GC adds functionality to an AIS, in that it enables generation of an in vitro human humoral response by human B lymphocytes that is accurate and reproducible, without using human subjects. The invention also permits evaluation of, for example, vaccines, allergens, and immunogens, and activation of human B cells specific for a given antigen, which can then be used to generate human antibodies. In an embodiment of the present invention the function of the in vitro GC is enhanced by placing FDCs and other immune cells in a 3D ETC; FDCs appear more effective over a longer time (antibody production is sustained for up to about 14 days.

Abstract: The invention provides, among other things, methods and systems for expanding CD133+ cells. The invention further provides methods and systems for increasing the blood flow to an ischemic tissue in a subject in need thereof, such as to ischemic myocardium. The invention further provides methods and systems for directing differentiation of expanded CD133+ cells. The invention further provides methods and systems for treating a subject with differentiated cells in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Methods can prepare tissue engineering scaffolds that include a plurality of biocompatible microspheres linked together to form a three-dimensional matrix. The matrix can include a plurality of pores for growing cells. The biocompatible microspheres can include first and second sets of microspheres. The first set of microspheres can have a first characteristic, and a first predetermined spatial distribution with respect to the three-dimensional matrix. The second set of microspheres can have a second characteristic that is different from the first characteristic, and a second predetermined spatial distribution that is different from the first predetermined spatial distribution with respect to the three-dimensional matrix.

Abstract: The invention provides the isolated promoter polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, and fragments and variants thereof. The invention also provides constructs, plant cells and plants genetically modified to contain the promoter polynucleotide. The invention also provides methods for producing plants with altered gene expression and traits via genetic transformation of plants with the promoter polynucleotides.

Abstract: A new method for selecting clones and recloning mammalian cells which are of importance for the production of biopharmaceuticals, preferably hamster or mouse myeloma cells, with a high degree of automation and throughput. The invention relates to methods of depositing and replicating single cell clones of the cells in question. The invention also relates to methods of preparing proteins using cells which have been obtained and replicated by single cell deposition as well as compositions which allow the replication of single cells.

Abstract: Provided is a sample collection container comprising one or more reagent bodies, wherein each body comprises one or more reagents confined by a restraining agent, wherein the restraining agent is capable of being broken down to release the one or more reagents, and wherein the one or more reagents are dispersed through the restraining agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides reagents and methods for limiting adsorptive and/or oxidative protein losses in a sample.

Abstract: Instrumentation and a method for efficient and reliable assaying and measuring samples. The teachings include an automated self-contained instrument, wherein the samples are located on wells of sample plates, and the instrument includes a plurality of units for processing or storing sample plates. The instrument may includes at least one dispensing unit for dispensing reagents or other assay components to the sample wells, at least two units for simultaneously processing or storing a plurality of sample plates, at least one unit for removing substance from the sample wells, and one or several measurement units for optically measuring samples in at least two measurement modes. Further, the instrument includes a manipulator for moving the sample plates in three orthogonal directions or combinations thereof and for rotating the sample plates in relation to a vertical axis for transferring the sample plates to the units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, monitors and systems measuring lysophosphatidylcholine, its derivatives and/or procalcitonin as well as at least one clinical marker (e.g. temperature or respiration rate) and/or at least one biomarker for the early detection of sepsis in a subject.

Abstract: The subject of the invention at hand are novel, a little basic, fluorinated pentafluorophenyl imide anions, which can be used as anions in ionic liquids. Methods for producing ionic liquids are described, which contain these novel pentafluorophenyl imide ions as anions, as well as quaternary organic ammonium ions, guanidinium ions, N-organo-pyridinium ions, imidazolium, imidazolidinium or benzimidazolidinium ions, alkyl-alkylidene phosphoranes or aryl-alkylidene phosphoranes as cations. Alternative methods according to the present invention provide ionic liquids through reaction of ketene N,N-diacetals or alkyl or aryl-alkylidene phosphoranes with acids. The ionic liquids according to the present invention are suitable, for example, as solvents for syntheses, as mobile and/or stationary phase in chromatography, as electrolyte systems for batteries, galvanic elements, fuel cells and rechargeable battery packs.

Abstract: An explosion tester system comprising a body, a lateral flow membrane swab unit adapted to be removeably connected to the body, a first explosives detecting reagent, a first reagent holder and dispenser operatively connected to the body, the first reagent holder and dispenser containing the first explosives detecting reagent and positioned to deliver the first explosives detecting reagent to the lateral flow membrane swab unit when the lateral flow membrane swab unit is connected to the body, a second explosives detecting reagent, and a second reagent holder and dispenser operatively connected to the body, the second reagent holder and dispenser containing the second explosives detecting reagent and positioned to deliver the second explosives detecting reagent to the lateral flow membrane swab unit when the lateral flow membrane swab unit is connected to the body.

Abstract: The invention provides a method detecting and quantifying proteins by mass spectrophotometric analysis using peptide internal standards and provides a highly sensitive way of detecting protein modifications. In one aspect, the invention provides a method for determining a site of ubiquitination in a polypeptide and for evaluating ubiquitination targets in a population of polypeptides. In this way, a proteome ubiquitination map can be obtained which comprises information relating to the ubiquitination states of a plurality of cellular polypeptides. Maps can be obtained for a variety of different types of cells and cell states. For example, ubiquitination targets in normal and diseased cells can be evaluated. Preferably, the map is stored as data files in a database. Individual ubiquitinated polypeptides identified can be used to generate molecular probes diagnostic of a cell state and/or can serve as targets for agents that modulate one or more cellular processes.

Abstract: Optimized enzymatic conditions incorporate a single oxygen atom into digested peptides using a peptidase. The incorporation of a single oxygen atom is especially useful for proteolytic 18O labeling in comparative proteomics. The optimized proteolytic 18O labeling minimizes the generation of a mixture of isotopic isoforms of the peptides resulting from incorporation of either one or two 18O atoms. The outcome is accurate quantification of isotopically labeled peptides.

Abstract: Methods and systems for collecting cells on a filter disposed in a specimen fluid containing suspended cells of a biological specimen. A short vacuum pulse is applied across a filter to sip specimen fluid. A percentage or portion of the filter surface area covered by cells is determined is representative of or correlates to the density of cells in the specimen fluid. A maximum vacuum amplitude and/or duration are determined utilizing the determined filter coverage. A longer, continuous vacuum or slurp is applied across the filter to collect cells on the filter while limiting the amplitude and/or duration of the slurp based at least in part upon the determined maximum vacuum amplitude and/or duration.

Abstract: A system for manipulating a fluid medium is disclosed. The system comprises a plurality of particles suspended in the fluid medium, and a light source configured for irradiating the particles by light to induce nonlinear optical effects. The particles are constituted such that the nonlinear optical effects result in drag forces exerted by the particles on the fluid medium. The magnitude of the drag forces is sufficient to establish hydrodynamic flow of the fluid medium.

Abstract: A high capacity solid phase for bioaffinity assays and other solid phase applications prepared by coating a solid support with an analyte-specific biomolecule in the presence of a zwitterionic additive is described. Structures prepared according to the invention provide high capacity solid phases with enhanced binding properties, which are advantageous for any solid phase based assay.

Abstract: A method for forming a ferroelectric spontaneous polarization reversal in a desired region of a ferroelectric substrate includes the steps of forming, for the desired region of the surface of the ferroelectric substrate, an electrode pattern or a mask pattern composed of aggregates of micropatterns, and then applying a given voltage into the desired region. The configuration of the micropatterns can be a stripe-shaped pattern, an ellipse-shaped pattern, a hexagon-shaped pattern, a network pattern, or a double cross shaped pattern. The method can further include the steps of generating many nucleuses by using the electrode pattern or the mask pattern composed of the aggregates of micropatterns, forming another electrode pattern or another mask pattern corresponding to the desired region, and then applying a given voltage into the desired region to generate a ferroelectric spontaneous polarization reversal around the nucleuses.

Abstract: According to this method for producing a magnetic tunnel junction, a film of a dielectric material capable of acting as a tunnel barrier is deposited between two nanocrystalline or amorphous magnetic films. The dielectric material constituting the tunnel barrier consists of an at least partially crystalline perovskite, and said material is deposited by ion beam sputtering in a vacuum chamber.

Abstract: In a method of determining the distance (d) between an integrated circuit (1) and a substrate (2) emitted light enters the at least semi transparent substrate (2), passes through the substrate (2) and an at least semi transparent material (8), is reflected by the integrated circuit (1), passes again through the material (8) and the substrate (2), and leaves the substrate (2). The at least semi transparent material (8), particularly is an at least semi transparent adhesive, provided between the substrate (2) and the integrated circuit (1). The distance (d) between the substrate (2) and the integrated circuit (1) is determined by evaluating the intensities of the light leaving and entering the substrate (2), particularly by evaluating the ratio between the intensities of the light leaving and entering the substrate (2).

Abstract: A detector device and method of its fabrication are disclosed. Illustratively, an additional via is present through an insulator layer over a gate channel region which is on top of the channel region. The additional via is filled with conductor material. The conductor material is removed to form a chamber leading to one side of the gate channel region. Furthermore, a nanopore is etched from the chamber through the channel region.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) structure includes a plurality of devices arranged side by side on a support layer. Each device includes a first conductivity type semiconductor nanowire core and an enclosing second conductivity type semiconductor shell for forming a pn or pin junction that in operation provides an active region for light generation. A first electrode layer extends over the plurality of devices and is in electrical contact with at least a top portion of the devices to connect to the shell. The first electrode layer is at least partly air-bridged between the devices.

Abstract: A method of coating a light emitting diode (LED) is provided. The method includes preparing a substrate in which a plurality of LEDs are arranged, applying a curable liquid containing a fluorescent material to the substrate and the plurality of LEDs, and selectively applying energy to the substrate to which the curable liquid is applied, to thereby pattern the curable liquid, wherein the application of the energy includes applying the energy to both surfaces of the substrate.

Abstract: Making an OLED display, includes forming a first storage plate and a gate insulating layer covering the first storage plate on a substrate; sequentially forming a second storage plate covering the first storage plate and a capacitor intermediate on the gate insulating layer; forming a first doping region by injecting an impurity to a part that is not covered by the capacitor intermediate in the first storage plate; forming an interlayer insulating layer having a capacitor opening exposing the capacitor intermediate, and a plurality of erosion preventing layers on an edge of the capacitor intermediate toward the first doping region in the capacitor opening; removing the capacitor intermediate including the erosion preventing layer and a lower region of the erosion preventing layer, and injecting an impurity in the first storage plate through the second storage plate to form a second doping region contacting the first doping region.

Abstract: This invention relates to structures and fabricating methods of light-emitting diodes capable of emitting white or a color within full-visible-spectrum with better efficiency and flexibility. An embodiment provides a light-emitting diode array consisted of one or more light-emitting diodes on a substrate. Each light-emitting diode comprises a first doped nanorod, an active light-emitting region consisted of one or more nanodisks on the first doped nanorod, and a second doped nanorod on the active light-emitting region. Another embodiment provides a fabricating method of the light-emitting diode array.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a group III nitride semiconductor light-emitting device which has excellent productivity and produce a group III nitride semiconductor light-emitting device and a lamp, a method for producing a group III nitride semiconductor light-emitting device, in which a buffer layer (12) made of a group III nitride is laminated on a substrate (11), an n-type semiconductor layer (14) comprising a base layer (14a), a light-emitting layer (15), and a p-type semiconductor layer (16) are laminated on the buffer layer (12) in this order, comprising: a pretreatment step in which the substrate (11) is treated with plasma; a buffer layer formation step in which the buffer layer (12) having a composition represented by AlxGa1-xN (0?x<1) is formed on the pretreated substrate (11) by activating with plasma and reacting at least a metal gallium raw material and a gas containing a group V element; and a base layer formation step in which the base layer (14a)

Abstract: A fringe field switching (FFS) liquid crystal display (LCD) device which uses an organic insulating layer and consumes less power, in which film quality of an upper layer of a low temperature protective film is changed to improve undercut within a pad portion contact hole, and a method for fabricating the same is provided.

Abstract: Gas sensor materials and methods are disclosed for preparing and using the same to produce gas sensor structures. Also disclosed are gas sensor structures and systems that employ these disclosed materials. A gas sense-enhancing metal such as platinum may be added to a gas sensitive metal oxide material in a manner that more highly disperses the added platinum than conventional methods so as to more effectively utilize the platinum at a lower concentration, thus achieving a more cost effective solution. An ink vehicle may also be used for deposition of a gas sensitive material (e.g. on the surface of integrated circuit) that is formulated to allow “burn-out” of ink vehicle components at relatively low temperatures as compared to conventional ink vehicles.

Abstract: A separation type unit pixel of an image sensor, which can control light that incidents onto a photodiode at various angles, and be suitable for a zoom function in a compact camera module by securing an incident angle margin, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The unit pixel of an image sensor includes: a first wafer including a photodiode containing impurities having an impurity type opposite to that of a semiconductor material and a pad for transmitting photoelectric charge of the photodiode to outside; a second wafer including a pixel array region in which transistors except the photodiode are arranged regularly, a peripheral circuit region having an image sensor structure except the pixel array, and a pad for connecting pixels with one another; and a connecting means connecting the pad of the first wafer and the pad of the second wafer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an image sensor semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having a first type of dopant; a semiconductor layer having a second type of dopant different from the first type of dopant and disposed on the semiconductor substrate; and an image sensor formed in the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a solid-state imaging device including: forming a first pattern having an independent island shape configured by an optical filter material on some of photoelectric conversion units among a plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged on the surface of a substrate; forming a mixed color prevention layer on a side wall of the first pattern; and forming a second pattern having an independent island shape configured by an optical filter material on the rest of the photoelectric conversion units among the plurality of photoelectric conversion units while the mixed color prevention layer is closely disposed between the first pattern and the second pattern.

Abstract: A system and method for fabricating a 3D image sensor structure is disclosed. The method comprises providing an image sensor with a backside illuminated photosensitive region on a substrate, applying a first dielectric layer to the first side of the substrate opposite the substrate side where image data is gathered, and applying a semiconductor layer that is optionally polysilicon, to the first dielectric layer. A least one control transistor may be created on the first dielectric layer, within the semiconductor layer and may optionally be a row select, reset or source follower transistor. An intermetal dielectric may be applied over the first dielectric layer; and may have at least one metal interconnect disposed therein. A second interlevel dielectric layer may be disposed on the control transistors. The dielectric layers and semiconductor layer may be applied by bonding a wafer to the substrate or via deposition.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a thin film transistor formed on a substrate; a planarization layer formed on the thin film transistor; a first electrode layer formed on the planarization layer and electrically connected with the thin film transistor through the via hole formed in the planarization layer; a pixel definition layer formed on the planarization layer and in which an opening for at least partially exposing the first electrode layer is formed; an adhesive reinforcement layer formed at least between the planarization layer and the pixel definition layer on the top of the planarization layer; an emitting layer formed on the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer formed on the emitting layer and the pixel definition layer. The flat panel display has an improved adhesive property between a pixel definition layer and a planarization layer, which prevents a chipping phenomenon of the pixel definition layer.

Abstract: A method comprises forming semiconductor flip chip interconnects where the flip chip comprises a wafer and a substrate having electrical connecting pads and electrically conductive posts operatively associated with the pads and extending away from the pads to terminate in distal ends. Solder bumping the distal ends by injection molding solder onto the distal ends produces a solder bumped substrate. Another embodiment comprises providing the substrate having the posts on the pads with a mask having a plurality of through hole reservoirs and aligning the reservoirs in the mask to be substantially concentric with the distal ends. This is followed by injecting liquid solder into the reservoirs to provide a volume of liquid solder on the distal ends, cooling the liquid solder in the reservoirs to solidify the solder, removing the mask to expose the solidified solder after the cooling and thereby provide a solder bumped substrate.

Abstract: A substrate and a semiconductor chip are connected by means of flip-chip interconnection. Around connecting pads of the substrate and input/output terminals of the semiconductor chip, an underfill material is injected. The underfill material is a composite material of filler and resin. Also, a first main surface of the substrate, which is not covered with the underfill material, and the side surfaces of the semiconductor chip are encapsulated with a molding material. The molding material is a composite material of filler and resin. An integrated body of the substrate and the semiconductor chip, which are covered with the molding material, is thinned from above and below.