Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing produces backflow water that is high in total dissolved solids, hardness and silica. A system to treat backflow water has an electrical separation unit and a reverse osmosis (RO) unit. The electrical separation unit may comprise an electrodialysis device (ED), an electrodialysis reversal (EDR) device or a supercapacitive desalination (SCD) device, or a combination thereof. The electrical separation unit may be combined with a precipitation unit and reduces the TDS and hardness of the backflow water. The RO unit reduces the silica concentration of the backflow water. A pre-treatment unit may further condition backflow water treated in the electrical separation unit to inhibit fouling in the RO unit. The treated backflow water may be suitable for reuse in hydraulic fracturing or discharge.

Abstract: Bicarbonate conversion assisted reverse-osmosis (RO) treatment systems for treatment of contaminated water, particularly natural gas flowback water. The systems and processes provide for simultaneous conversion of the primary salt in gas production flowback waters from sodium bicarbonate to sodium sulfate, and flotation removal of organic contaminants, for the enhanced water recovery by RO of these waters. In the systems and processes, RO processes are enhanced by lowering the osmotic potential of the water being processed, by converting the bicarbonate ions to sulfate ions.

Abstract: A standardised, modular mobile water purification unit for the production of safe potable water and for treatment of wastewater is disclosed to fulfill the water need for humans, animals and households. In one embodiment, the unit can be based on a standardized climate-controlled container that is robust both physically and functionally, can be easily transported and quickly set up in remote regions and disaster areas. The unit may work for purification of water of brackish, sea or polluted surface water, and of wastewater, and can be customised to the given water type based on easy changeable treatment modules. The unit includes a rigid frame that can be removed from the container, and also includes a control system for remote monitoring and control of the unit.

Abstract: A washing method of red mud that is produced when an alumina-containing ore having a goethite to hematite mass ratio of 60/40 (goethite/hematite) or more in the iron component thereof is heat-treated with an alkaline solution at a temperature of 110° C. to 160° C. to obtain an aluminate liquor, including: mixing the red mud with a diluting fluid to obtain suspension that has an aluminum concentration of 95 g/L or less in terms of Al2O3; adding a flocculant to the suspension, wherein, the flocculant includes a polymer having a repeating unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid or a salt thereof and being substantially free from a repeating unit derived from vinylhydroxamic acid compound or a salt thereof; and settling and separating the red mud so as to wash the red mud.

Abstract: A separator system for separating feed material into a liquid component and a solids component. The separator system has a roller system supported adjacent to a feed chamber. The roller system comprises a base roller and a press roller. Base perforations are formed in the base roller. The base roller is supported such that a first portion of the base roller is in contact with the feed material within the feed chamber such that a liquids portion of the feed material may flow through the perforations in the base roller. The base roller is rotated such that the base roller removes a solids portion of the feed material from the feed chamber in a solids mat on the surface of the base roller. The press roller engages the solids mat on the base roller to force liquids in the solids mat through the base perforations in the base roller.

Abstract: A method of controlling the operation of a plurality of ultraviolet lamp fixtures in an ultraviolet fluid disinfection system is presented here. The method begins by detecting an operating state, condition, or characteristic of the system. In response to the detecting, the method determines an appropriate lamp regulation scheme to be applied to the plurality of ultraviolet lamp fixtures in the system. The system can then apply the determined lamp regulation scheme to individually regulate operation of the plurality of ultraviolet lamp fixtures.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing pathogens in a biological fluid such as whole blood or blood-derived products includes a pump configured to propagate the fluid through a serpentine-shaped flow path while exposing the fluid to UV irradiation. Extensive mixing of flow is accomplished by causing the pump to vary the flow of fluid. In embodiments, the pump may be operated to periodically switch the flow back and forth between a high flow rate and a slow flow rate. Alternatively, the pump may be periodically stopped or even cause the flow to reverse direction for short periods of time.

Abstract: A water treatment method by catalyzing ozone with a persulfate comprises the following steps: introducing the ozone into an ozone contact reactor filled with water to be treated; at the same time putting the persulfate into the reactor, wherein a stirring state is kept in the water treatment process. The method solves the problems of difficulty in the ionization of hydrogen peroxide, low capability in inducing the decomposition of the ozone, high hydrogen peroxide residues and inconvenience of hydrogen peroxide transportation and storage existing in the conventional water treatment method for catalyzing the ozone by using the hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Red blood cell products and compositions are disclosed. The product includes a container made from PVC or a non-PVC material that is substantially free of a phthalate plasticizer but otherwise includes one or more non-phthalate plasticizers or extractable agents. The product includes a RBC concentrate which has been combined with an additive solution for storing the RBCs.

Abstract: A separator system operable to use centrifugation to fractionate a multiple component material, such as a suspension including blood, comprises a buoy. The buoy can be carried in a separation container and has a tuned density that is configured to reach an equilibrium position in the multiple component material. A guide surface is carried on a buoy upper surface and is inclined to an accumulation position near a buoy perimeter. The buoy suspension fractionation system can be used in a method of isolating a fraction from a suspension, and in a method for re-suspending particulates for withdrawal.

Abstract: Certain examples relate to a new feedwell design for use in a clarifier that may better dissipate the entrance energy of the slurry-liquid combination exiting the feedwell and entering the clarifier. Plates of various shapes may be provided proximate to the bottom of the feedwell. The plates may cause a change in the flow direction of the feed, from mostly horizontal to mostly vertical, to slow the slurry. The provision of plates at the bottom of a feedwell in a clarifier may advantageously reduce the velocity of the materials entering the clarifier, or may increase the uniformity of the flow rate of the materials; while reducing or maintaining the amount of shear force, turbulence, or other forces that may have a detrimental effect on clarification. This may, in turn, permit solids to better “settle out” of the slurry-liquid combination, and thus improve the clarity of the removed liquid.

Abstract: A locking apparatus is used for mounting a photovoltaic module to a rack. The rack includes a base plate, two sidewalls extending from opposite sides of the base plate, and two limiting plates extending in from tops of the sidewalls respectively. An opening is defined between the limiting plates. The locking apparatus includes a pressing member, a mounting member, and a bolt. The mounting member includes a base, a neck portion, a head portion formed on a top of the neck portion, and two arms extending out from opposite sides of the head portion. The base is received in the rack and abuts bottoms of the arms. The arms are blocked by the limiting plates respectively. The bolt extends through the pressing member and the opening to screw into the mounting member, to fix the photovoltaic module between the pressing member and the rack.

Abstract: A highlighter assembly for attracting and centering consumer's attention on a group of products displayed in a retail setting. The highlighter assembly has a frame and an interface assembly for coupling the frame to the display structure. The frame includes a plurality of extendable straight modules, each of the extendable straight modules having a smaller profile piece telescoping within a wider piece. Both pieces having a front side and a back side, wherein the back side defines an elongated slot. The frame also includes at least one corner module with a front side and a back side. The back side of the corner module defines an elongated slot. The straight and corner modules connect to form a viewing space about a group of products on a display structure.

Abstract: Technical Problem The present invention aims to provide an iodine-based etching solution having a high ratio of etching rate of a palladium material to that of a metal material other than the palladium material, in particular, an iodine-based etching solution capable of relatively decreasing the concentration of an organic solvent in the etching solution. Solution to Problem The iodine-based etching solution of the present invention is an iodine-based etching solution to etch a material in which a palladium material and a metal material other than the palladium material coexist, and comprises a water-compatible organic solvent and a water-soluble polymer compound.

Abstract: A multilayer electrical device, such as a printed circuit board, having a tooth structure including a metal layer set in a dielectric. The device includes a base; a conductive layer adjacent to the base; a dielectric material adjacent to conductive layer; a tooth structure including a metal layer set in the dielectric material to join the dielectric material to the metal layer; and wherein the metal layer forms a portion of circuitry.

Abstract: An implantable medical device formed from one or more layers of thin film polymer is assembled by providing by adhesively securely one or more polymer coupons on individual rigid backings. After each coupon is shaped or components mounted to the coupon, the coupons are bonded together. The adhesive is dissolved to remove the device from the backing or backings to which it is attached.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) head is fabricated with a pole tip shielded laterally by a graded side shield that is conformal to the shape of the pole tip at an upper portion of the shield but not conformal to the pole tip at a lower portion. The shield includes a trailing shield, that is conformal to the trailing edge of the pole tip and may include a leading edge shield that magnetically connects two bottom ends of the graded side shield.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a phase retardation film is provided. A flexible light-transmissive substrate is provided. The flexible light-transmissive substrate is aligned to form an alignment substrate. A birefringent material film is formed on the alignment substrate. A reaction-causing light is used to expose and induce a reaction on a first patterned region of the birefringent material film. A second patterned region of the birefringent material film is not exposed by the reaction-causing light. The second patterned region of the birefringent material film is removed. A manufacturing system configured to produce a phase retardation film is also provided.

Abstract: A method of a forming a hollow, drug-eluting medical device includes utilizing a hollow wire having an outer member and a lumen of the outer member, and filling the lumen with a fluid to form a supported hollow wire. The supported hollow wire is shaped into a stent pattern. Openings are formed through the outer member. The supported hollow wire is processed to remove the fluid from the lumen of the outer member without adversely affecting the outer member, leaving the hollow wire shaped into a stent pattern. The lumen is filled with a biologically or pharmacologically active substance.

Abstract: In order to provide a copper oxide etchant and an etching method using the same capable of selectively etching exposure/non-exposure portions when laser light exposure is performed by using copper oxide as a thermal-reactive resist material, the copper oxide etchant for selectively etching copper oxides having different oxidation numbers in a copper oxide-containing layer containing the copper oxide as a main component contains at least a chelating agent or salts thereof.

Abstract: Device, circuit, system, and method for arc suppression. A contact separation detector is configured to output an indication of a separation state of a pair of electrical contacts. A contact bypass circuit, coupled to the contact separation detector, is configured to provide an electrical bypass between the pair of contacts based on the indication.

Abstract: A device, circuit, system, and method for arc suppression is described. A processor, including an input terminal and an output terminal, is configured to output pulses on the output terminal based on an indication at the input terminal of a separation of a pair of electrical contacts. A contact bypass circuit, coupled to the output terminal and in parallel with the pair of electrical contacts, is configured to provide an electrical bypass between the pair of electrical contacts based on the plurality of pulses as generated by the processor.

Abstract: System and method for arc suppression. An electrical contact includes a pair of contacts configured to couple a power source to a load. An arc suppressor, coupled to the electrical contact, includes a contact separation detector configured to output an indication of a separation state of the pair of electrical contacts and a contact bypass circuit, coupled to the contact separation detector, configured to provide an electrical bypass between the pair of contacts based on the indication as provided by the contact separation detector.

Abstract: A roll for rotating a movable contact of a rotary switch, and a method of mounting a switch are provided. The roll includes a first slot going along the diameter of the roll and open from the top of the roll for receiving the movable contact for contacting with a stationary contact of the rotary switch, and a second slot arranged perpendicular to the first slot for receiving teeth of an upper roll to be mounted together with the roll.

Abstract: A system for hardening a cylindrical metal component is disclosed. The system may include a current generating device configured to pass current through the cylindrical metal component, and an actuator configured to axially move the current generating device through the cylindrical metal component. The system may also include a controller in communication with the current generating device and the actuator, the controller being configured to cause the current generating device to pass current through a first end section of the cylindrical metal component to heat the first end section of the cylindrical metal component. The controller may also be configured to inhibit the current generating device from passing current through a middle section of the cylindrical metal component, and cause the current generating device to pass current through a second end section of the cylindrical metal component to heat the second end section of the cylindrical metal component.

Abstract: Method of welding edges which are placed against each other of at least one workpiece of metal by means of a laser is indicated, in which the areas of the workplace located at the edges are subjected to a pretreatment for increasing the absorption capacity of the light of the laser. For this purpose, initially color is sprayed or splashed onto the areas of the workpiece located at the edges, while avoiding any mechanical contact of the workpiece, by means of a device (7) which emits the color, and the edges of the workpiece are subsequently welded together by means of a laser (11).

Abstract: Production method for a monobloc rifle receiver of aluminium or aluminium alloy, characterised in that this method consists of the realisation of individual parts of the receiver, which, in an assembled state can form a receiver; followed by any mechanical adjustments; followed by the assembly of these parts (8) by welding.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the flow control of a shielding gas in a welding unit is described which uses feedback from at least one of a mass flow controller, a pressure sensor and a valve position sensor to regulate shielding gas flow through a controller.

Abstract: A device that prevents soot in a stud welding machine. In particular, the device includes a cap holder that is fitted on a stud chuck of a stud gun for a stud welding machine and has extenders at the sides thereof. In addition, fixing rods attach the cap holder to the stud gun by connecting the extenders of the cap holder with the sides of the stud gun and a cap that is inserted in the cap holder from below is movably combined with the cap holder by a cap nut, and has an end that comes in contact with an edge of a welding portion of a base material during stud welding. Further, a shock-absorbing member is disposed between the cap and the cap holder, inside the cap holder, and provides an elastic force to the cap.

Abstract: In a multi-electrode welding torch, electrodes (2) are configured into a shape that has an arc-shaped curved surface area (R) in at least a portion of a cross-section thereof that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction thereof. Collets (4) are each provided with a groove portion (4a) in which an electrode (2) is fitted, and whose inner wall surfaces (4b) come into contact in a plurality of locations with the curved surface area (R) when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the electrode (2).

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for scribing wafers with short laser pulses so as to reduce the ablation threshold of target material. In a stack of material layers, a minimum laser ablation threshold based on laser pulse width is determined for each of the layers. The highest of the minimum laser ablation thresholds is selected and a beam of one or more laser pulses is generated having a fluence in a range between the selected laser ablation threshold and approximately ten times the selected laser ablation threshold. In one embodiment, a laser pulse width in a range of approximately 0.1 picosecond to approximately 1000 picoseconds is used. In addition, or in other embodiments, a high pulse repetition frequency is selected to increase the scribing speed. In one embodiment, the pulse repetition frequency is in a range between approximately 100 kHz and approximately 100 MHz.

Abstract: An assembly for moving wire from one point to a second point distant from the first point. The assembly comprises a first unit comprising a wire straightener and a second unit that moves the wire through the assembly.

Abstract: A securement member for securing a contact tip to a welding torch assembly is provided. A channel extends axially therethrough and has an internal shoulder that extends into this channel. This internal shoulder abuts against a shoulder on the contact tip, capturing the contact tip between the shoulder and a seating surface on the diffuser and securing the contact tip in the torch assembly. The contact tip is securely seated without threading engagement, facilitating quick release and installation. The exemplary securement member couples to the diffuser such that the egress of fluid from the diffuser is blocked when used for gasless welding. This blocking allows a user to leave the diffuser secured to the welding torch when a gasless electrode is in use.

Abstract: A support comprises a ceramic supporting surface, on which a circuit board may be placed for cutting to be performed by means of optical radiation generated by a laser. The ceramic supporting surface remains unchanged as said laser radiation hits it.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating element comprising a substrate (1) equipped with a thin-film multilayer, the thin-film multilayer comprising a film (3) suited to being heated, this film having a sheet resistance of between 20 and 200 ?/square, the heating element also comprising two conductive collectors suited to being fed with electrical voltage, the film suited to being heated being a transparent electrically conductive oxide film and the film (3) suited to being heated not being machined and being electrically connected to the two conductive collectors, the film (3) suited to being heated having a thickness of between 50 nm and 300 nm. The invention allows a heating element, with a film suited to being heated that is simple to manufacture, to be easily installed in an electric vehicle or easily connected to the national grid.

Abstract: A carrier, in particular a plastic film, comprising an electrical heating layer is described. The heating layer is applied to at least a portion of a carrier surface. The heating layer is electrically divided by one or more first separating zones, each of which is designed such that a current path changes the direction of flow thereof at the free zone ends, and one or more second separating zones, which are designed such that the current path changing the direction of flow thereof at the free zone ends is divided in at least some sections into a plurality of electrically parallel current sub-paths. One or more second separating zones are associated with at least one free zone end of a first separating zone, with the second separating zones arranged in an aligned extension to the first separating zone.

Abstract: A soldering device for plastics adhering includes a handle having two protruded rings and a button assembly, a body having a pivoting portion and a head portion, the body pivotally rotated relative to the handle in a certain angle between the body and the handle, two conducting rods electrically connected to the button assembly, one end of each conducting rod inserted into the body, another end of each conducting rod exposed out from the body, an electrical storage element assembled into the handle and electrically connected to the button assembly and the two conducting rods. Therefore, when a user presses the button assembly, a unit of electricity is delivered to the conducting rod, so that an amount of heat is generated to adhere or repair an article.

Abstract: A heating device for motorcycle suits includes a heating pad located in the suit, and a temperature controller and a switch are separated from each other. The switch is located at the position where the user can easily access. When a user wants to operate the heating device, and/or adjust the temperature of the heating pad, the temperature controller and the switch are easily accessed and operated.

Abstract: Provided is a supporting unit. The supporting unit includes: a supporting plate including a substrate on a top surface thereof; and a heater having a predetermined pattern at a bottom surface of the supporting plate and heating the supporting plate, wherein the heater includes: a first metal plating layer applied on the bottom surface of the supporting plate along the predetermined pattern; an anti-oxidation layer of a conductive material applied on the first metal plating layer along the predetermined pattern; and a second metal plating layer of a conductive material applied on the anti-oxidation layer in a portion of the pattern.

Abstract: A receptacle type electric conducting device wherein many inconveniences and the danger of electric shock can be eliminated by installation of a pressure switch, protected under a narrow slot on the base seat of the electric heater pot. The pressure switch changes the constantly charged condition of pot base seat to one that only allows electric current when the electric heater pot is securely on the base seat, whereby avoiding electric shock from touching a charged empty base seat. The present invention devises the pressure switch under the protection of a narrow slit which only allows the pot base pressure ring to pass through when the electric heater pot is precisely sitting on top. The narrow slot not only safeguards the pressure switch's constantly off condition it also protect the pressure switch from water splashes or insertion of foreign objects.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a filament lamp for heating a disk-shaped workpiece in such a way that the filament lamp rotates relative to the workpiece and radiates light thereonto. Further, the present invention provides a structure that enables the filament lamps to uniformly heat the workpiece even with respect to the radial direction of the workpiece. For this, the filament lamp includes an arc-shaped emitting part which extends in a circumferential direction of the relative rotation, and an auxiliary emitting part which is disposed inside a circle extending along the arc-shaped emitting part and extends from the arc-shaped emitting part in a direction crossing the circle. In addition, the present invention is configured such that areas of the workpiece that correspond to spaces between the arc-shaped emitting parts of the adjacent filament lamps pass just below the corresponding auxiliary emitting parts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a resistance heating element and also to a resistance heating element (10), wherein the resistance heating element has a tubular shape, wherein the resistance heating element is formed in one piece, wherein the resistance heating element is produced from silicon carbide, the method comprising at least the following method steps: forming a one-piece molded body from a powder of a sintering material, wherein the powder is pressed, annealing the pressed molded body, pyrolyzing the material of the molded body, and sintering the molded body, wherein the molded body is formed into the resistance heating element.

Abstract: A heater wire is obtained by twisting together a plurality of heating element wires in which a rectangular wire is spirally wound around a core wire, and forming an insulating sheath on an outer peripheral surface of the twisted heating element wires, The current carrying capacity can be increased by increasing the number of the heating element wires and there is no need of increasing the cross-sectional area of each of the rectangular wires, Therefore, a reduction in the bending capacity due to an increase in the cross-sectional area of the rectangular wires can be avoided, and the bending capacity can be improved significantly.

Abstract: A cooktop apparatus, in particular an induction cooktop apparatus, includes at least one glass unit and at least one coating configured as a multilayer structure, which is disposed on at least one subregion of at least a main face of the glass unit and has at least two layers. In order to achieve optimum compatibility with the sensors of the user interface without requiring a process after deposition, at least one of the layers is formed by at least one semiconducting material, to fulfill the function of an absorbing layer.

Abstract: An induction heating device for heating a liquid, said device comprising a half ellipsoidal shaped induction coil and matching susceptor.

Abstract: A stator coil heating apparatus and a stator coil heating method that are capable of effectively preventing a core from thermal deformation particularly caused due to a magnetic flux generated by a coil head, without the problem of heating temperature variation, and also shortening a time for the process of heating a stator coil, are provided. A stator coil heating apparatus A to heat a stator coil L wound around a circular core F, comprises: induction heating coil heads 1 and 11 that heat the circular coil L by generating an inductive effect acting from outside in the thickness direction of the core F, against circular winding coil bases La and Lb that are sticking out of end faces Fa and Fb of the core F in the thickness direction thereof; and shields 2 and 12 that block a magnetic flux generated by the coil heads 1 and 11, out of the end faces Fa and Fb of the core F in the thickness direction thereof.

Abstract: An overlapping region is located between an upper casing flange and a lower casing flange such that an outer end of lower casing flange is identical in alignment to an imaginary line passing through an outer end portion of the upper casing flange and being parallel to a side wall of an upper casing, or such that alignment of the outer end of the lower casing flange is at a side of the side wall of the upper casing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a stackable container system. The stackable container system can comprise a beverage container, a beverage container lid, a plurality of smaller containers, and a plurality of smaller container lids. The smaller containers and smaller container lids are configured to allow any of the smaller container lids to be used on any of the smaller containers. The bottom of the beverage container and the bottom of each smaller container is also configured to allow the beverage container or smaller container to be interlocked with the top of any of the smaller container lids. In addition to storing beverage ingredients, the stackable container system can also be used to store other edible and inedible ingredients.

Abstract: A portable display tower and packaging for carrying and displaying cupcakes comprising a first level platform with a plurality of circular cavities for holding the cupcakes in place; a second level platform with a plurality of circular cavities for holding the cupcakes in place, wherein said second level platform is a different size than said first level platform; a means for connecting said base, said first level platform and said second level platform together in a perpendicular direction, spaced at a distance apart so that a user can easily view and remove the desired cupcake.

Abstract: A unitary plastic container, which is optionally used for waste collection comprises a base, a front wall, a back wall and two opposing side walls, each wall extending upwardly from the base to define an open container top and an interior container volume. Each side wall has an outwardly extending sidewall portion which is outwardly offset relative to the rest of the container side wall. In each outwardly extending sidewall portion, an elongated cutout, indentation or channel is present. The elongated channel has a forward opening, a rearward opening and an elongated side opening extending from the forward opening to the rearward opening. The elongated channel lies within the interior container volume and divides the outwardly extending sidewall portion into two areas: an upper outwardly extending sidewall portion and a lower outwardly extending portion. The outwardly open elongate channel may be fitted with a reinforcing sleeve.