Abstract: An eco anti-mold fresh-keeping chip, a graph layer is formed on a base material after printed and a lustering film polyester layer is pasted on the graph layer by a manufacturing machine to construct a chip body, the chip body is put inside the fumigation trough with natural anti-mold fresh keeping anti-oxidation material, the chip body absorbs the natural anti-mold fresh-keeping anti-oxidation material to form an eco anti-mold fresh-keeping chip after the fumigation and permeation procedure in chamber, the main component of the natural anti-mold fresh-keeping anti-oxidation material is consisted of Allyl isothiocyanate and eucalyptol (juniper pythoncidere).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a substrate lamination system and method. A method for laminating substrates may comprise: (a) disposing a pressure-sensitive adhesive later between a substantially planar surface of a first substrate and a substantially planar surface of a second substrate; (b) disposing the first substrate, pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and second substrate within a vacuum chamber; (c) evacuating the vacuum chamber; (d) applying pressure to at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate. A system for laminating substrates may comprise: (a) means for disposing a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer between a substantially planar surface of a first substrate and a substantially planar surface of a second substrate; (b) means for disposing the first substrate, pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and second substrate within a vacuum chamber; (c) means for evacuating the vacuum chamber; (d) means for applying pressure to at least one of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fixing mortar system for embedding anchoring means in mortar in holes or crevices, based on one or more hardening epoxy-based reactive resins, characterised in that it includes silanes which may or may not have reactive groups capable of participating in the polymerisation with a synthetic resin based on the hardening epoxy-based reactive synthetic resin(s) but which in any case have Si-bonded hydrolysable groups, and to related inventive subject matter such as processes, kits and uses.

Abstract: A positioning device for positioning a number of two-sided adhesive pieces includes a base, a number of pulling blocks, and a pressing block. The base includes a positioning block defining a number of positioning holes. Each pulling block includes a connecting plate, and a supporting plate protruding out from a top end of the connecting plate. A first surface of each adhesive piece is adhered on a top surface of one of the supporting plate. The connecting plate is received in a corresponding one of the positioning hole. The pressing block is attached to the positioning block. A second surface of each adhesive piece to be adhered to a bottom surface of the pressing block.

Abstract: Energy-activated room temperature-pumpable polymer compositions, devices for activating and processing the same into solid cellular or non-cellular polymeric materials that can be used as adhesives, sealants, coatings or gasket materials, and methods of making and using the same. The compositions according to the invention include solid particles that include one or more polymers, which are emulsified, dispersed or suspended in a liquid carrier together with at least one processing aid, such as a reactive blowing agent, a low molecular weight surfactant, a high molecular weight surfactant, one or more compounds found in latex paint, starch, cellulosic derived products and combinations of two or more thereof. The processing aids provide various benefits including, for example, reduced density, improved process hygiene, improved foam stability, faster bonding times and/or lower processing temperatures.

Abstract: A plasma processing system having at-electrode RF matching and a method for processing substrates utilizing the same is provided. In one embodiment, the plasma processing system includes a chamber body, the substrate support, an electrode, a lid assembly and an RF tuning element. A substrate support is disposed in a processing volume defined in the chamber body. The electrode is positioned above the substrate support and below a cover of the lid assembly. The RF tuning element is disposed between the cover and the electrode and is coupled to the electrode.

Abstract: A plasma technique in which a plasma generation technique frequently used in various fields including a semiconductor manufacturing process is used, and generation of plasma instability (high-speed impedance change of a plasma) can efficiently be suppressed and controlled in order to manufacture stable products. An apparatus includes a processing chamber, a surrounding member disposed around the processing chamber, an RF induction coil disposed outside the dielectric member, and an air-core coil for generating a direct-current magnetic field supplied to the inner space. The surrounding member seals an opening on top of the processing chamber to create an inner space, and the RF induction coil is above the top surface of the surrounding member.

Abstract: The method is for the production of cellulose pulp in a continuous digester system. Chips are impregnated in an impregnation vessel. The chips are then fed to a subsequent digester vessel in a transfer fluid. A black liquor withdrawal is taken from the digester, which withdrawal is led to the bottom to heat the chips before the chips are fed out from the impregnation vessel. A transfer fluid is withdrawn from the digester and led to the impregnation vessel to act as an impregnation fluid. At least a portion of the transfer fluid that was withdrawn from the top of the digester passes an indirect heat exchanger, in which the transfer fluid withdrawn from the top of the digester at a temperature of at least 125° C. exchanges heat indirectly with a first fluid for the production of steam from the first fluid.

Abstract: Continuous transfer of particulate material into pressurized steam reactors is provided by “flow feeder” methods and devices. Material such as lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks are compacted into a “low density” plug, <700 kg/m3, which provides a dynamic seal against pressurized steam through exploitation of a steam condensation zone. The rate at which the steam condensation zone moves into the “low density” plug is offset by the rate at which compacted material is fed into the pressurized reactor. Preferred devices compact material within a flow feeder chamber by use of a loading device that works against counter-pressure provided by an unloading device. Compacted material is actively disintegrated and fed into the reactor by the unloading device. In preferred embodiments, compacted material is fed in a steady-state operation in which the interface between the steam condensation zone and the low pressure inlet zone remains stationary within the flow feeder chamber.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a security paper material, in particular for labelling and packaging, comprising the steps of forming a paper sheet from a wet cellulose fiber pulp and providing the paper sheet with electronic chips; the chips are introduced into the paper sheet being formed during the transformation step of the pulp into paper and are deposited directly onto the wet pulp and at least partially embedded in the pulp. Optionally, an auxiliary paper sheet is coupled to the paper sheet provided with the chips so that the chips are incorporated between the two sheets.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable aqueous slurry composition comprising clay or clay-like material, hydrophobically associative polymer, and optionally a surfactant; and a method of inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants in pulp and papermaking applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to waste processing and to producing hydrocarbons from domestic and industrial organic waste by pyrolysis. The inventive waste processing method involves carrying out the first and second pyrolysis stages, fractionating pyrolysis products and processing each fraction for producing useful products. The second pyrolysis stage is carried out simultaneously with the electromagnetic action produced on the pyrolysis products. The device for carrying out said method comprises a two-sectional pyrolysis reactor. An electromagnetic source is arranged on the second section of the reactor. The output of the second section is connected to a system for dividing the vaporous pyrolysis products. The technical result consists in increasing the waste processing effectiveness and producing solid, liquid and vaporous fuel components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a configuration of a multi stage flash cross tube evaporator wherein flash stages are arranged in a plurality of at least two tiers with a first flash stage to which a heated solution is fed, a plurality of intermediate flash stages and a last flash stage from which the concentrated solution is discharged in each tier, wherein the flash stages in each tier are in a serial flow communication and the flash stages of each tier are in parallel flow communication to the flash stages in the other tier(s). Such configuration allows to minimize the size of the tube bundles, flash stages and evaporator shell and consequently minimizing evaporator weight and cost.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes and systems for purifying technical grade trichlorosilane and/or technical grade silicon tetrachloride into electronic grade trichlorosilane and/or electronic grade silicon tetrachloride.

Abstract: A system and method for separating a fluid mixture is provided which employ vacuum distillation apparatus, and optionally, gas-handling apparatus operable to introduce a gas into the liquid mixture prior to being dispersed within the vacuum distillation apparatus. The liquid mixture is dispersed within the vacuum distillation apparatus as micro-sized droplets. When used, the gas that has been introduced into the liquid mixture is rapidly liberated from the micro-sized droplets thereby causing the droplets to break into still smaller droplets thereby maximizing the vaporization of the more volatile components in the liquid mixture.

Abstract: In a dual cathode magnetron, an adjustment circuit is provided between a pair of sputter targets having a coaxial (preferably frusto-conical) relationship to modify the distribution of ion and electron currents flowing from the plasma discharge to a substrate residing within a sputter chamber. A stress adjustment circuit is used to modify the ion bombardment of the growing films on the substrate resulting in a mechanism for control of the stress in the deposited films. In a preferred embodiment, the adjustment circuit comprises a variable resistor disposed between an internal shield that acts as a passive anode and a target. The value of the variable resistor influences the plasma discharge current distribution between the split sputter targets and the internal shields, and can effectively be used to adjust the properties of the deposited films.

Abstract: A method of depositing a metallization structure (1) comprises depositing a TaN layer (4) by applying a power supply between an anode and a target in a plurality of pulses to reactively sputter Ta from the target onto the substrate (2) to form a TaN seed layer (4). A Ta layer (5) is deposited onto the TaN seed layer (4) by applying the power supply in a plurality of pulses and applying a high-frequency signal to a pedestal supporting the substrate (2) to generate a self-bias field adjacent to the substrate (2).

Abstract: A galvanic processing device includes a flow container having an inlet, an outlet and a longitudinal axis. Anodes are made from a first metal. Cathodes are made from a second, different metal. The electrodes may be disk-shaped. The cathodes and anodes are alternately placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Dielectric spacer rings separate the anodes and the cathodes. The electrodes may have circumferential segments aligned at an angle ? to impart a swirl to a flow of liquid through the container. A portion of the anodes and cathodes may have the circumferential segments aligned at an angle ?? a to reverse the direction of the swirl of the flow through the flow container. Portions of the circumferential segments may be aligned at an angle ? and other portions are aligned at an angle ? so that the swirl of the flow through the flow container has components with different directions.

Abstract: A water electrolysis apparatus includes an anode separator having a water flow field held in fluid communication with a water supply passage and a discharge passage. The water flow field includes a plurality of water channels, an arcuate inlet buffer, and an arcuate outlet buffer. The water channels have respective ends connected to the arcuate inlet buffer through respective inlet joint channels. The inlet joint channels are oriented at an angle of 90 degrees or greater with respect to respective tangential lines at the ends of the inlet joint channels which are connected to the arcuate inlet buffer.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet with the electrode members piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an analyte, the other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an electrodes of a transducer.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet with the electrode members piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an analyte, the other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an electrodes of a transducer, at least the one ends of the electrode members being made of a mixture of conductive particles and an insulating material.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and method for depositing a coating onto a substrate. The apparatus includes a vacuum chamber with an inlet for supplying a precursor gas to the chamber. The chamber includes a carrier for locating the substrate in the chamber, a first anode having an aperture in which plasma can be formed, and a magnetic field source. The substrate, when located in the carrier, constitutes a first cathode. When a substantially linear magnetic field between the anode and the cathode is formed, the direction of the magnetic field is substantially orthogonal to the surface to be coated and plasma production and deposition takes place substantially within the linear magnetic field.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus includes a deposition source that produces a deposition flow of a deposited material and has an evaporation source with a material to be deposited therein, and a sputtering source that produces sputtering ions directed at the material to be deposited in the evaporation source. A deposition target is in facing relationship to the deposition source. The sputtering source is operated simultaneously with the evaporation source.

Abstract: A system includes one or more electrochemical sensors. Each sensor includes at least two electrodes. The system also includes an interface configured to provide communication between the one or more electrochemical cells and a computer. The interface includes a circuit board with plurality of sensor circuits. Each sensor circuit is configured to operate a different electrochemical sensor and includes a plurality of electrode lines that are each configured to be in communication with a different electrode on an electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: A current collector wire (1) is over-moulded with a seal (2) made from a thermoplastic elastomer (Santoprene 64) having a (64) Shore A hardness rating. In a three electrode carbon monoxide sensor three current collector wire (1a, 1b, 1c) and seal (2a, 2b, 2c) combinations are inserted into the body (3) through receiving apertures (12a, 12b, 12c) in a side wall of the body, so that the current collectors protrude through connection apertures (12a, 12b and 12c). The outside diameters of the seals and the bores of the apertures are dimensioned to provide an interference fit of the one in the other. The seals are pressed home into receiving apertures in the body (3) to provide compression of the seals against both current collectors and the aperture bores resultant from the interference. Gold-plated phosphor bronze clips (8) are attached which locate on and are retained by barbs on the housing, thereby trapping the current collector wires and providing electrical contact to external circuitry.

Abstract: A technique for controlling the motion of one or more charged entities linked to a polymer through a nanochannel is provided. A first reservoir and a second reservoir are connected by the nanochannel. An array of electrodes is positioned along the nanochannel, where fluid fills the first reservoir, the second reservoir, and the nanochannel. A first electrode is in the first reservoir and a second electrode is in the second reservoir. The first and second electrodes are configured to direct the one or more charged entities linked to the polymer into the nanochannel. An array of electrodes is configured to trap the one or more charged entities in the nanochannel responsive to being controlled for trapping. The array of electrodes is configured to move the one or more charged entities along the nanochannel responsive to being controlled for moving.

Abstract: Two classes of hybrid/thermochemical water splitting processes for the production of hydrogen and oxygen have been proposed based on (1) metal sulfate-ammonia cycles (2) metal pyrosulfate-ammonia cycles. Methods and systems for a metal sulfate MSO4—NH3 cycle for producing H2 and O2 from a closed system including feeding an aqueous (NH3)4SO3 solution into a photoctalytic reactor to oxidize the aqueous (NH3)4SO3 into aqueous (NH3)2SO4 and reduce water to hydrogen, mixing the resulting aqueous (NH3)2SO4 with metal oxide (e.g.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include a step of contacting the first region with a catholyte including carbon dioxide and contacting the second region with an anolyte including a recycled reactant. The method may further include applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce carbon monoxide recoverable from the first region and a halogen recoverable from the second region.

Abstract: An electrolysis system which comprises a generator adapted to hold water and gases with a first and second electrode, a bubbler reservoir connected to the generator via hoses adapted to dispense water from the bubbler reservoir into the generator and adapted to allow oxygen and hydrogen gas from the generator to rise into the bubbler reservoir with dryers adapted to hold water and gases fluidly, deliver oxygen and hydrogen gas, to hold acetic add and gases, and adapted to connect to an engine, allowing hydrogen gas to pass to the engine, and a controller connected with electrodes to provide an electric current so that water in the generator is converted to oxygen and hydrogen gas via standard electrolysis.

Abstract: A method for measuring the transmission rate of an analyte through a film. The method includes the steps of (i) separating a chamber into a first cell and a second cell with a known area of a film, (ii) flushing the first cell with an inert gas to remove any target analyte from the first cell, (iii) introducing a gas containing a known concentration of an analyte into the second cell, (iv) sealing the first cell to gas flow through the first cell, and (v) sensing any analyte in the first cell with a sensor that consumes the analyte at a rate greater than the rate at which the analyte is passing through the film, until a steady state rate of analyte consumption is measured by the sensor.

Abstract: Voltage is applied across a counter electrode and a working electrode, with which a blood sample is in contact, in such a state that an oxidant in a redox substance is not substantially in contact with a working electrode but is in contact with a counter electrode and a reductant is not substantially in contact with the counter electrode but is in contact with the working electrode, whereby the reductant and the oxidant are respectively oxidized and reduced to measure current produced upon the oxidation and reduction. According to the above constitution, while lowering the voltage applied across the working electrode and the counter electrode, the Hct value of the blood sample can be measured stably with a satisfactory detection sensitivity. This measurement can be carried out with a sensor chip comprising a working electrode (11), a counter electrode (12), and a blood sample holding part (14) having branch parts (18a, 18b).

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor strip has a base and a first electrode and a second electrode on the base. An oxidoreductase enzyme and a mediator are on the first electrode, and a soluble redox species is on the second electrode. The soluble redox species may be an organotransition metal complex, a transition metal coordination complex, an electroactive organic molecule, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for operating a measuring device comprising the following steps: providing a first sample of the liquid; ascertaining an updated calibration function by means of a standard addition method, wherein the first sample is supplemented at least once with a standard solution, which has a known concentration of the measured ion; determining a measured value of concentration of the measured ion in the first sample; providing a second sample of the liquid; ascertaining a measured value of concentration of the measured ion in the second sample as a reference measured ion concentration (cref) by means of a reference method; and determining a difference (cdisturb) between the apparent measured ion concentration (capparent) and the reference measured ion concentration (cref) and deriving a correction value (ckorr) therefrom for future measured values of concentration of the measured ion in the liquid, as ascertained with the measuring device.

Abstract: The blood glucose analysis technique and system described herein address the issue of hematocrit interference when rapidly detecting glucose concentrations. It addresses this issue by using a differential pulse voltammetry technique in which short high, frequency voltage pulses are applied to keep the diffusion layer within the reagent of the working electrode, and the pulses are applied in a limited voltage window (or range) that is below the peak, diffusion-limited current. The readings below the peak are then used to determine glucose concentrations. With this technique, glucose concentrations can be determined relatively fast (e.g., within 5 seconds) and independently of the hematocrit levels of the fluid being analyzed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing high-quality naphthenic base oil by subjecting, as a feedstock, light cycle oil (LCO) and slurry oil (SLO) obtained through fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) to hydrotreating and dewaxing.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for converting a hydrocarbon stream. The process can include passing the hydrocarbon stream having one or more C40+ hydrocarbons to a slurry hydrocracking zone to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon stream having one or more C9-C22 hydrocarbons, and passing the distillate hydrocarbon stream to a hydrocracking zone for selectively hydrocracking aromatic compounds including at least two rings obtaining a processed distillate product.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is disclosed for hydroprocessing hydrocarbon feed in a hydroprocessing unit and hydrotreating a second hydrocarbon. A warm separator sends vaporous hydrotreating effluent to be flashed with liquid hydroprocessing effluent to produce a vapor flash overhead that can be recycled to the hydrotreating unit to provide hydrogen requirements.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for hydroprocessing of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising: (a) mixing liquid, partially vaporized and/or vaporized hydrocarbon feedstock with molecular hydrogen; (b) feeding said mixture into a compression reactor; (c) compressing said mixture to a pressure, a temperature and for a residence time sufficient to: i) thermally crack at least a portion of hydrocarbon molecules in said hydrocarbon feedstock, and ii) react hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst with unstable portions of the cracked molecules, forming a hydroprocessed product; and (d) expanding said mixture to reduce the pressure and temperature thereby reducing subsequent undesirable reactions.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can include a slurry hydrocracking process. The process can include combining one or more hydrocarbons and a slurry hydrocracking catalyst as a feed to a slurry hydrocracking reaction zone, fractionating an effluent from the slurry hydrocracking reaction zone, separating the pitch from at least a portion of the slurry hydrocracking catalyst, and recycling the suspension to the slurry hydrocracking reaction zone. The slurry hydrocracking catalyst may include a support. Fractionating the effluent may provide a light vacuum gas oil, a heavy vacuum gas oil, and a mixture comprising a pitch and the slurry hydrocracking catalyst. Generally, the separated slurry hydrocracking catalyst is comprised in a suspension.

Abstract: A process for distributing a deflecting media into an axial center of a riser to push catalyst outwardly toward the feed injectors ensures better contacting between hydrocarbon feed and catalyst.

Abstract: Two-stage hydroprocessing uses a common dividing wall fractionator. Hydroprocessed effluents from both stages of hydroprocessing are fed to opposite sides of the dividing wall.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for extracting and upgrading heavy hydrocarbons from substrates such as oil sands, oil shales, and tar sands in a unitary operation. The substrate bearing the hydrocarbon is brought into contact with a supercritical or near-supercritical fluid, a source of hydrogen such as hydrogen gas, and a catalyst. The materials are mixed and heated under elevated pressure. As a consequence of the elevated temperature and pressure, upgraded hydrocarbon-containing material is provided in a single or unitary operation. In some embodiments, sonication can be used to improve the upgrading process. Fluids suitable for use in the process include carbon dioxide, hexane, and water. It has been observed that upgrading can occur within periods of time of a few hours.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filtering device, which comprises a base plate (12) having a threaded center hole (122); a filter housing (11) having a cap-shaped body coupleable to the base plate; an anti-drainback valve (15) having a valve hole (151) defined in the center portion thereof arranged on the base plate (12), where the valve hole (151) correspondingly aligns with the threaded center hole (122) of the base plate (12); a filter assembly (14) having a filter hole (1411) abutting on the anti-drainback valve (15), where the filter hole (1411) aligns with the valve hole (151) of the anti-drainback valve (15); and a bypass valve (13) having a central plate portion (132) and a pair of extending wing portions (131) pressingly arranged between the inner surface of the filter housing and the filter assembly. The separately removable housing (11) provides easy assembly and enables simple filter media replacement.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis system and method of operating the same includes a first pump receiving feed fluid at a first pressure and increasingly pressurizing the feed fluid to a second pressure higher than the first pressure. A membrane housing having an inlet, a membrane, a permeate outlet and a brine outlet. The inlet receiving feed fluid. A hydraulic energy management integration system (HEMI) having a turbine portion, a pump portion and a motor. The brine outlet fluid is in fluid communication with the turbine portion. The reverse osmosis system also includes a second pump and a controller controlling the motor to retard rotation of the HEMI while the first pump increasingly pressurizes the feed fluid to the second pressure.

Abstract: A filtration apparatus that removes chips from a chip-containing machining fluid is applied which effectively prevents clogging of a filtration filter that makes up the apparatus. A filtration apparatus 1 is provided with a magnet 9 attached to an outer wall surface of a drum housing chamber 5, the magnet 9 functions as means for fixing chips in the machining fluid that flows into the drum housing chamber 5 from an inlet 16 on a bottom surface 5B or a slope 5A of the drum housing chamber 5 by a magnetic force, and the periphery of the inlet 16 is configured as a magnet non-existent section 17 where the magnet 9 does not exist so as to suppress a phenomenon that chips in the machining fluid are fixed near a top edge of the slope 5A of the drum housing chamber 5 by the magnetic force of the magnet 9.

Abstract: A method of preparing an ultra-nanoscale-LC monolithic separation medium for use in capillary columns, or channels in microfabricated devices (microchips), and capillaries prepared by the method are disclosed. The application of moderate positive pressure to both ends of the capillary during the monolith polymerization process permits the preparation of monolithic capillary columns having very low i.d., e.g., 25 ?m and smaller, with enhanced mass transfer properties and low back pressures, and excellent column-to-column reproducibility of retention times.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a separation process. An aerated inlet mixture of fluid and solids is fed to a flotation separation vessel and is separated into an upper float layer and a lower clarified layer. The upper float layer is withdrawn from the vessel when the height of the upper float layer exceeds the height of an overflow conduit and forms a concentrated solids effluent. The lower clarified layer is withdrawn from the separation vessel as a clarified fluid effluent. The separation process is performed continuously using a control process that maintains a relatively stable distribution between the lower clarified layer and the upper float layer. The control process is a closed loop process that monitors the instantaneous height of the vessel contents and computes an error function based on the instantaneous height and a set-point height. The error function is used to periodically adjust the outlet flowrate of the clarified fluid effluent. The resulting process has improved stability (e.g.

Abstract: Coolant conditioning unit for coolant of an internal combustion engine. The unit includes a cup-shaped housing, a removable cover for closing the housing, a replaceable filter insert arranged in the housing and being detachably connected to the cover, an inlet, an anti-drain valve that is normally open during filtering, and a stop valve arranged in the inlet. The stop valve is held in an open position by the filter insert and closes when the filter insert is removed from the housing and closes before the cover has been completely separated from the housing. This abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: An aeration control valve system may be used with a water treatment system to control aeration and flow of water in accordance with various operating cycles. The aeration control valve system pumps air into the water treatment system to provide an air charge for aerating the water to facilitate water treatment. The aeration control valve system may pump air into the water treatment system at atmospheric pressure or may pump air at higher pressures such that the air may be recharged while also treating the water. The aeration control valve may also control the release of air from the water treatment system. The operating cycles may include, for example, a service cycle, a backwash cycle, an air regeneration cycle, a service/air charge cycle, an air release cycle, and a rinse cycle.