Abstract: An apparatus for creating floating wetlands and improving water quality is provided. The apparatus includes a lower retainer; an upper retainer; a floatable waste material disposed between the lower retainer and the upper retainer; and an organic material planted between the lower retainer and the upper retainer; wherein the organic material is configured to denitrify the water source. A method of making a floating wetland device is also provided.

Abstract: An anaerobic waste treatment apparatus comprises a container wherein randomly oriented bio-film media are disposed. An example waste treatment apparatus includes a container and optionally has at least two zones of bio-film media that are disposed within the container. In one example, the bio-film media includes torus-shaped materials, or other materials with voids therein, and the container is a dug out portion of earth. Moreover, the anaerobic waste treatment apparatus may additionally comprise a waste pump that is coupled to a waste pipe and configured to introduce waste into the container at one or more locations. When two zones are included, one zone may be randomly oriented, while a proximate zone may be substantially horizontal and/or an organized zone. The random zone may also have a transition layer thereon that supports the organized zone or that provides an interface between the organized and random zones.

Abstract: A method and system for treating domestic sewage and organic garbage are provided. The method comprises the steps of: multi-phase separation, retting, generating sewage gas, and optional biological denitrification and dephosphorization, which can convert the domestic sewage and organic garbage into clear water, sewage gas, organic manure and sludge. The system comprises a multi-phase separation device, a retting device, a sewage gas generating device and a biological denitrification and dephosphorization device, which can treat the domestic sewage and organic garbage effectively and environmental friendly to achieve a reduction in pollution emission.

Abstract: A high efficiency water purification system is provided incorporating recovery of a portion concentrate wastewater associated with the reverse osmosis unit. This reduces the overall volume of concentrate wastewater requiring discharge/disposal by reusing the purified concentrate of a concentrate recovery units as RO feed water. Initial feedwater is pressurized and passed through an RO membrane, and separated into a permeate flow and a concentrate flow. A portion of the higher pressure concentrate is then directed to an additional set of thin film composite membranes (concentrate recovery membranes). The concentrate recovery membranes are arranged in an array such that the concentrate pressure is adequate to provide the force required to drive the concentrate through the recovery system membranes. The permeate produced by the concentrate recovery system is directed back to the feed of the primary RO unit; thereby, reducing the volume of raw feed water required for system operation.

Abstract: Novel filter elements for sequestering acids from oil or fuel, the strong base flocs that comprise the filter elements, and methods of their preparation and use are disclosed. The filter elements comprise a mechanically linked interlocking fiber matrix interspersed with strong base particle flocs wherein the strong base particles constitute at least 30% by weight of the filter element. Certain filter elements may be useful for sequestering acids or neutralized acids in certain oils or fuels, for example, the acids originating in the combustion and lubrication system of an internal combustion engine or those contained in oils in an oil circulation system. Other filter elements may be useful for reducing oxidation of an oil.

Abstract: The system and method is directed to improved separation or clarification of solids from a solids-laden liquid and removal of entrained gasses. A liquid to be treated is introduced into the inlet of a solid-liquid separator modified to include one or more sources of vibrational energy. The liquid is directed through a conduit within the separator. This conduit can be configured into a tortuous flow path to assist in the separation of solids from the liquid. Vibrational energy is applied to the flow path, preferably through the flow path conduit. As solids fall out of solution, they are collected. The clarified liquid is also collected. A vacuum can be applied to the system to assist in moving the solid-liquid mixture through the system and to provide vacuum clarification. Electrocoagulation electrodes and gas sparging can also be employed along with height adjustable weirs and an oil accumulator.

Abstract: A porous web for filtering fluids has a plurality of adjacent layers of fiber material having anisotropic properties. The anisotropic directions of a given vectorial property of at least two adjacent layers differ one from the other by an angle greater than 0°, and preferably of at least 8°. The porous web is particularly useful as a filter element for the filtration of biological fluids, such as blood and blood components.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a MEMS device with movable comb teeth and stationary comb teeth. A single mask is used to define, during a series of processing steps, the location and width of both movable comb teeth and stationary comb teeth so as to assure self alignment of the comb teeth. MEMS devices are fabricated from a single multi-layer semi-conductor structure of semiconductor material and insulator material. In a preferred embodiment the process is employed to provide a MEMS mirror device having a movable structure, a movable frame, a first set of two torsional members, a first set of at least four comb drives, an outer fixed frame structure, a second set of two torsional members, and a second set of at least four comb drives.

Abstract: A method comprising providing a first substrate and forming a first sacrificial layer over the first substrate, the first sacrificial layer comprising a curved surface portion, and forming a curved micromirror by depositing a reflective material over at the curved surface portion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an ejection element substrate, which is provided with a flow-channel-forming member having an ejection orifice for ejecting a liquid and a liquid flow channel that is communicated with the ejection orifice, a substrate having a supply port for supplying the liquid to the liquid flow channel, and a filter structure formed in the bottom of the supply port, includes: forming the supply port by forming a through-hole by etching the substrate from a second face of the substrate on the side opposite to a first face of the substrate, on which the flow-channel-forming member is disposed; providing a resinous protection film on the side face and the bottom of the supply port; and forming a minute opening in the resinous protection film in the bottom of the supply port by carrying out a laser processing from the side of the second face.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a plasmon generator includes the steps of: forming an etching mask on a dielectric layer; forming an accommodation part by etching the dielectric layer using the etching mask; and forming the plasmon generator to be accommodated in the accommodation part. The step of forming the etching mask includes the steps of: forming a patterned layer on an etching mask material layer, the patterned layer having a first opening that has a sidewall; forming a structure by forming an adhesion film on the sidewall, the structure having a second opening smaller than the first opening; and etching a portion of the etching mask material layer exposed from the second opening.

Abstract: A method of treating a workpiece is described. The method comprises computing correction data from metrology data related to a workpiece surface profile, adjusting the surface profile in accordance with the correction data using a gas cluster ion beam (GCIB), and further adjusting the surface profile by performing an etching process following the GCIB adjustment.

Abstract: A method of controlling wetting characteristics is described. Such method includes forming and configuring nanostructures on a surface where controlling of the wetting characteristics is desired. Surfaces and methods of fabricating such surfaces are also described.

Abstract: A method of examining a titanium alloy with an alpha phase and a beta phase is disclosed. The method includes: cutting a sample of a part made of the alloy; preparing a region of the cut surface of the sample situated in the vicinity of the edge of the sample, the edge being in common with the outside surface of the part; observing the alpha phase of the region at a magnification of greater than ×5000; deciding on whether granularity is present or absent in the alpha phase of a first zone contiguous with the edge of the sample; and concluding that the alloy has been contaminated with a gas if granularity is found to be absent in the alpha phase of the contiguous zone whereas granularity is present in the alpha phase outside the contiguous zone.

Abstract: A fire-resistant thermal and/or acoustic insulation product based on mineral wool and on an organic binder, including a carboxylic acid metal salt as fire retardant, the salt being in particular a carboxylate of a metal chosen from the group formed by aluminum, zinc, calcium and magnesium. A process is disclosed for manufacturing the fire-resistant insulation product and a sizing composition suitable for producing the product is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combination of hydrofluoroolefins and/or hydrochlorofluoroolefins with stabilizers wherein the stabilizers minimize the degradation of the hydrofluoroolefins and hydrochlorofluoroolefins during storage, handling and use yet allow for atmospheric degradation. The combinations exhibit low or zero ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential making them of interest as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons and hydrfluorocarbons. The combinations of the present invention comprise hydrofluoroolefins and/or hydrochlorofluoroolefins in combination with a stabilizer or stabilizers selected from free radical scavengers, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, polymerization inhibitors and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus (20) includes a refrigerant circuit (10) in which refrigerant is circulated by a compressor (30) to perform a refrigeration cycle. The compressor (30) includes a fluid machine (82) for compressing refrigerant; and an electric motor (85) for driving the fluid machine (82). Refrigerant oil having volume resistivity of equal to or greater than 1010 ?·m at 20° C. is used for the compressor (30).

Abstract: Mixtures of select neopentyl polyol esters are found to be highly miscible with the refrigerant R-32 over a wide temperature range. Working fluids are provided comprising R-32 and a polyol ester lubricant composition having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of from 32 to 120 cSt, said lubricant composition comprising C5-10 alkylcarboxy esters di-pentaerythritol wherein at least 40 mol %, typically more, of the alkylcarboxylate groups of the alkylcarboxy esters are pentanoyl groups.

Abstract: A coolant composition for a fuel cell, including (a) an alkylene glycol, (b) deionized water, and (c) a compound containing a trimethylsilyl group. The compound containing a trimethylsilyl group of the composition of the present invention prevents the oxidation of the alkylene glycol, and thus the generation of an acid is 700 ppm or less. Additionally, the compound prevent the oxidation of the alkylene glycol, thereby inhibiting the generation of an ionic material, and thus the rate of change of electrical conductivity (conductivity after oxidation/initial conductivity) can be maintained to be 40 times or less. Therefore, the coolant composition for a fuel cell of the present invention can be used as a coolant for a cooling system of a fuel cell driving device with an electrical conductivity of 40 ?s/cm or less even without being frozen in the winter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition comprising a chiral dopant compound represented by the following formula: wherein: R1, R2 are independently aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkaryl or heterocyclic all either substituted or unsubstituted, or combine to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, alkoxy, NHCOR7, NHSO2R7, COOR7, OCOR7, aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkaryl or heterocyclic all either substituted or unsubstituted, or combine with either R1 or R2 to form a carbocylic or heterocyclic ring; R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, CH2, CH, alkyl or aryl either substituted or unsubstituted, COOR7, or combine with L to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; R7 is aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyaryl or heterocyclic all either substituted or unsubstituted; L is the non-metallic elements required to form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or a single bond or a double bond; m is 1-3; n is 0-12.

Abstract: A compound is provided containing silicon, aluminum, strontium, europium, nitrogen, and oxygen is used that enables a red phosphor having strong luminous intensity and high luminance to be obtained, and that enables the color gamut of a white LED to be increased with the use of the red phosphor. The red phosphor contains an element A, europium, silicon, aluminum, oxygen, and nitrogen at the atom number ratio of the following formula: [A(m?x)Eux]Si9AlyOnN[12+y?2(n?m)/3]. The element A in the formula is at least one of magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium, and m, x, y, and n in the formula satisfy the relations 3<m<5, 0<x<1, 0<y<2, and 0<n<10.

Abstract: A composition comprising a semiconductor nanocrystal including a core comprising a first semiconductor material comprising at least three chemical elements and a shell disposed over at least a portion of the core, the shell comprising a second semiconductor material, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal is capable of emitting light upon excitation with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency greater than about 65%. Also disclosed is a composition comprising a semiconductor nanocrystal including a core comprising a first semiconductor material comprising at least three chemical elements and a shell disposed over at least a portion of the core, the shell comprising a second semiconductor material comprising at least three chemical elements, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal is capable of emitting light with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency greater than about 60% upon excitation.

Abstract: A system and process for modulating the carbon content of ash produced by a biomass gasification process, for example, to selected levels chosen by an operator, through the controlled injection of steam and controlled introduction of warm air during processing of a biomass feedstock. The system and process include delivering a carbon-containing biomass feedstock to a gasification reactor and producing a syngas and an ash from the biomass feedstock, and regulating the carbon content of the ash between a level at which carbon not present in the ash and a second level at which carbon is present in the ash. The regulating step entails selectively decreasing the moisture level of the biomass feedstock prior to the biomass feedstock being delivered to the gasification reactor and thereby increasing the carbon content of the ash, or increasing a moisture level of a mixture of the biomass feedstock, ash and gases within the gasification reactor and thereby decrease the carbon content of the ash.

Abstract: Disclosed are conductive polymer inks and methods for forming the inks. The disclosed inks include a dispersion of conductive core/shell nanoparticles. The core/shell nanoparticles include a polymeric core and a shell formed of a conducting polymer. The inks can include a dispersion of the core/shell nanoparticles in a liquid carrier, such as an alcohol. The disclosed inks can be formulated to high viscosities and can be utilized in high-speed printing processes including rotogravure and flexographic printing processes. Products encompassed by the disclosure include polymer devices such as sensors, OFETs, RFID tags, printed circuit board, electrochromic devices, non-volatile memory devices, photovoltaics, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conductive polymer which is easily dispersed in an organic solvent. A method of preparing the conductive polymer adapted to be dispersed in an organic solvent is also provided, which includes chemically polymerizing a monomer using as a dopant anion a phosphate-based compound having solubility in an organic solvent. The conductive polymer capable of being dispersed in various organic solvents can be obtained through a simple preparation process, and thus can be utilized in the fields of applied materials in which the use of conventional water-dispersible conductive polymers is limited.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductive metal ink composition which is properly applied for roll-printing process to form conductive pattern with improved conductivity, and the method of preparing a conductive pattern using the same. The conductive metal ink composition comprises a conductive metal powder; an organic silver complex where an organic ligand including amine group and hydroxyl group binds with a silver (Ag) salt of aliphatic carboxylic acid; a non-aqueous solvent comprising a first non-aqueous solvent having a vapor pressure of 3 torr or lower at 25° C. and a second non-aqueous solvent having a vapor pressure of higher than 3 torr at 25° C.; and a coatability improving polymer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electroconductive thick film paste composition comprising electrically conductive Ag, a second electrically conductive metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Al and mixtures thereof and a lead-tellurium-lithium-titanium-oxide all dispersed in an organic medium. The present invention is further directed to an electrode formed from the thick film paste composition and a semiconductor device and, in particular, a solar cell comprising such an electrode.

Abstract: A photochromic chromene compound having an indeno(2,1-f)naphtho(1,2-b)pyran structure as its basic skeleton, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group at the 6-position carbon atom of the structure and an electron donor group having a Hammett constant ?p of not more than ?0.1 at the 7-position carbon atom.

Abstract: Sulfur (or sulphur) spray nozzles disposed with a tank spray liquid molten sulfur into the cooling liquid in the tank. Solid sulfur seeds are formed in the cooling liquid and settle in the tank. The tank may be a spiral dewaterer tank that has a screw conveyor at the bottom of the tank that moves the seeds to a granulating drum for enlargement into sulfur granules. The tank may also be used to capture and remove sulfur dust from a slurry of sulfur dust and water recycled from the granulating drum. The sulfur dust in the cooling tank may be captured by contact with molten sulfur droplets streaming down the cooling liquid column such that the dust particles become incorporated into the droplet, thereby being converted to seed. The granulating drum may be equipped with two or more sets of segmented lifting flights. The sets of flights may not be in alignment. The flights may be spaced apart from the inside surface of the drum with segmented rib members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-colored shaped body having layers arranged on top of one another for producing dental restorations, a process for its production and its use for the manufacture of dental restorations.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a fine processing method includes determining a resist amount required for each first region of a pattern formation surface and a total amount of resist. The method include dividing the total amount of resist by a volume of one resist drop to determine the resist drops total number. The method include determining a provisional position for the resist drop of the total number. The method include assigning the each first region to nearest one resist drop, and partitioning again the pattern formation surface into second regions assigned to the each resist drop. The method include determining a divided value by dividing the volume of the one resist drop by the required total amount of resist determined. The method include finalizing a final position of the each resist drop, if a distribution of the divided value in the pattern formation surface falls within a target range.

Abstract: An imprint lithography alignment apparatus is disclosed that includes at least two detectors which are configured to detect an imprint template alignment mark, wherein the alignment apparatus further comprises alignment radiation adjustment optics which are configured to provide adjustment of locations from which the at least two alignment detectors receive alignment radiation.

Abstract: An injection molding apparatus includes a first mold and a second mold, a cavity formed by clamping the first mold and the second mold, and includes a portion where the ratio of a first dimension and a second dimension changes continuously such that a portion where the ratio of the first dimension of a pair of first surfaces, and the second dimension of a pair of second surfaces becomes 1 locates in an intermediate portion of the cavity in a longitudinal direction of the long shape; and a first temperature adjusting circuit that is provided at the first mold and the second mold to adjust a temperature within a range where the second dimension of the second surfaces is greater than the first dimension of the first surfaces such that the temperature of the pair of first surfaces becomes higher than the temperature of the pair of second surfaces.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a foamed, injection-molded component is provided. The method includes the step of introducing a liquid, a nucleating agent and a polymer into an injection barrel of an injection molding machine. The liquid, the nucleating agent and the polymer are injected into a mold corresponding in shape to the component and the component is released from the mold.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for the production of a composite component via multicomponent injection molding, where the composite component comprises a main body composed of a thermoplastic and an external layer composed of a foamed thermoplastic. The main body is produced via injection molding and subsequent hardening of the thermoplastic. A mixture of the foamed thermoplastic and a chemical blowing agent is injected onto the main body, subsequently hardened in the same injection mold, and foamed by heating. The composite component is solidified via cooling. The foamed thermoplastic is at least one polyamide whose modulus of elasticity is from 1 MPa to 250 MPa in the entire temperature range from 70° C. to 180° C. The chemical blowing agent is in non-polymerized form.

Abstract: To provide an expansion injection molding process, which is freed from the occurrence of swirl marks on the surface of a molded article and by which foamed injection moldings having good appearance can be produced in a short molding cycle and at a low cost; and a mold for expansion injection molding. A movable mold 2 is moved toward a fixed mold 1, whereby a sealing member 6 set on at least one of a pair of facing surfaces of the mold 1 and mold 2 in the outside of a cavity is brought into contact with the other of the facing surfaces or a sealing member 6 set thereon to make the cavity 3 gas-sealed state. While keeping the gas-sealed state, the movable mold 2 is further moved toward the fixed mold 1 with the sealing member 6 compressed, whereby the volume of the cavity 3 is decreased to enhance the pressure in the cavity 3 to a level exceeding the atmospheric pressure. Then, a thermoplastic resin is injected into the cavity 3 of an enhanced pressure.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrically conductive composite composition, which is particularly useful for fuel cell bipolar plate applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are multicomponent fibers derived from a blend of a sulfopolyester with a water non-dispersible polymer wherein the as-spun denier is less than about 6 and wherein the water dispersible sulfopolyester exhibits a melt viscosity of less than 12,000 poise measured at 240° C. at a strain rate of 1 rad/sec, and wherein the sulfopolyester comprising less than about 25 mole % of residues of at least one sulfomonomer, based on the total moles of diacid or diol residues. The multicomponent fiber is capable of being drawn at a relatively high fiber speed, particularly at least about 2000 m/min, and may be used to produce microdenier fibers. Fibrous articles may be produced from the multicomponent fibers and microdenier fibers. Also disclosed is a process for multicomponent fibers, nonwoven fabrics, and microdenier webs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyimide film having inorganic particles. The polyimide film is 12-250 ?m in thickness. The polyimide film includes about 50-90 weight parts of polyimide and about 10-50 weight parts of the inorganic particles. The particle size of each of the inorganic particles is about 0.1 ?m to about 5 ?m. The polyimide film is characterized in that the thermal expansion coefficient is equal to or less than 30 ppm/° C. in any direction, the difference between two thermal expansion coefficients in two mutually perpendicular directions on the film surface is less than 10 ppm/° C., and the Young's modulus of the polyimide film is greater than 4 GPa in any direction. The dimensional stability of the polyimide film measured by the standard of IPC-TM-650 is less than 0.10% in any direction. A method for manufacturing the polyimide film is disclosed as well.

Abstract: Stretch film is treated by passing a web of tackifier-containing, unbloomed thin polymer film through a heater so that the web is heated to a temperature sufficient to cause tackifier bloom prior to the web reaching a next stage in an in-line process. Also, a pattern can be applied to a thin polymer film. An oriented web of thin polymer film is passed across at least one heated roller having the pattern engraved thereon to define face regions and relief regions collectively conforming to the pattern. As the web contacts each roller surface, portions of the web positioned over the relief regions receive less heat than portions of the web positioned over the face regions, thereby causing the respective portions of the web to undergo differential, heat-induced shrinkage which imparts the pattern to the thin polymer film.

Abstract: A recyclable plastic composite wheel rim fabrication method includes the steps of: (a) preparing a triaxle or biaxle composite fabric, (b) coating the composite fabric with a layer of plastic material to form a composite substrate, (c) processing the composite substrate into a composite plate member by means of roller pressing, dipping, bake-drying and cutting, (d) stamping the composite plate member into a blank wheel rim by means of a hot press, (e) cooling the blank wheel rim and trimming it to remove to remove blurs and defective selvedge, and (f) polishing the surface of the blank wheel rim to obtain a finished wheel rim.

Abstract: Droplets of polymerizable material may be patterned on a film sheet using a roll-to-roll system. The droplets of polymerizable material may be dispensed on the film sheet such that a substantially continuous patterned layer may be formed on the film sheet. A contact system provides for smooth fluid front progression the polymerizable material during imprinting. A gas purging system may be positioned during imprinting. Gas purging systems may provide for purging in parallel as fluid front of polymerizable material moves through roll-to-roll system.

Abstract: A tetrazolium bromide dye, e.g., 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), to be used as a high dose solution dosimeter is disclosed. The dose response of MTT solution dosimeter increases strongly with increase of absorbed dose up to 1 kGy. In order to increase the dose range and for ease of handling the present dosimeter as routine dosimeter, MTT-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film dosimeter is used. The dose response of MTT-PVA film dosimeters increases strongly with increase of absorbed dose up to 25 kGy. Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as a polymer for making a film provides more stability at higher temperatures and humidity levels and less calibration is required. The dose response of MTT-PVB film dosimeters is effective with absorbed dose of up to 100 kGy.

Abstract: A device is formed by the process into a bone screw or fastener, wherein the head has a degree of polymer alignment and strength, and wherein the shank has a higher degree of polymer alignment and strength. In practice of the present invention, the polymer slug is pressed into the die cavity by the actuation of ram press, causing the slug to conform to the die cavity. Through this process, the polymer molecular orientation is aligned to different degrees, in different zones of the device.

Abstract: A device changes the shape of a die used to compression mold a part. The device includes a sleeve placed between the die and a charge to be molded. The sleeve has an inner face generally conforming to a face of the die, and a outer face for molding a part.

Abstract: A synthetic resin composition for metal-texture resin molded articles includes 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a plate-like metallic pigment, 1 to 50 parts by weight of a spherical glassy material and 1 to 50 parts by weight of an ultrafine filamentary material. An injection molding method for producing a metal-texture resin molded article from the synthetic resin composition and a metal-texture resin molded article molded from the synthetic resin composition are also provided.

Abstract: A method of connecting a component to a molded article may include disposing a component adjacent to a wall of the article being molded, overlapping a portion of the component with a portion of the wall of the article being molded while the wall is still at least partially molten, and permitting the wall of the article being molded to cool with said portion of the component still overlapped by the wall. Preferably, a portion of the component is overlapped on two sides by the wall of the article being molded to firmly retain the component relative to the article after the article is formed. The article may be a receptacle, or any other object, as desired.

Abstract: An injecting/blowing device includes a mold for injecting a thin-walled hollow preform capable of being transformed into a more voluminous hollow body. The mold includes a counter mold defining a cavity, a cure located in the cavity, and a preform impression located between the counter mold inner surface and the core which will receive the melt, at least two main preferential flow channels or at least two secondary preferential flow channels having a recessed zone at the surface of the core and the inner surface of the cavity. The main flow channels are located only at the impression zone corresponding to the zone for transforming the perform, and in the optional secondary flow channels are flow channels discontinuous from the main flow channel.

Abstract: A low carbon resulfurized free cutting steel consisting of 0.04 to 0.15% of C, more than 0.10% and 0.70% or less of Si, 0.85 to 1.50% of Mn, 0.040 to 0.120% of P, 0.250% or more and less than 0.400% of S, less than 0.005% of Al, more than 0.0020% and 0.0120% or less of O, and more than 0.0070% and 0.0150% or less of N, all by mass percentage, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and satisfying a formula (1) and a formula (2), as follows: 0.15%?Si %+2×P %?(5×Al %+10×O %+3×N %)?0.75%??(1), and ([Mn %]5)/15<S %<([Mn %]5)/2??(2).

Abstract: Zr—Ti—Ni(Cu)-based filler alloy composition having low melting point for brazing titanium and titanium alloys is expressed as: ZraTibNic (Formula 1) where a, b and c denote atomic % of Zr, Ti and Ni, respectively; 47?a?52; 24?b?30; 22?c?26; and 0.3<c/(a+c)<0.35, or ZraTibNicCud (Formula 2) where a, b, c and d denote atomic % of Zr, Ti, Ni and Cu respectively; 48?a?60; 20?b?28; 19?c+d?30; 3?d?12; and 0.12<d/(c+d)?0.5. Including Zr(Ti) solid solution phase as major constituent phase, the alloy compositions have lower liquidus temperature than those of conventional alloys and they include a little amount of Cu or does not include it at all. When the alloy is used as filler alloy for brazing titanium and titanium alloys, brazing can be performed at remarkably low temperature. This can inhibit the microstructure of titanium base metal from changing and being damaged, keeping the titanium base metal preserving inherent properties after brazing.