Abstract: A photomask for exposure includes: a transparent substrate; a light blocking pattern layer positioned on the transparent substrate; a first dielectric layer positioned on the light blocking pattern layer and including a dielectric material; and a negative refractive index layer positioned on the first dielectric layer and including a metal. A surface plasmon quasi-bound mode of the photomask for exposure overlaps a wavelength range of the light source of the light exposer which irradiates light to the photomask for exposure.

Abstract: A reflective mask includes a substrate and a multilayer reflective film formed on the substrate. An absorption pattern is formed on the multilayer reflective film. A recess is formed in the multilayer reflective film in a peripheral region of the absorption pattern.

Abstract: A photomask blank for use in the manufacture of a photomask adapted to be applied with exposure light having a wavelength of 200 nm or less has a thin film on a transparent substrate. The thin film is made of a material containing a transition metal, silicon, and carbon and comprising silicon carbide and/or a transition metal carbide.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, an undercoat layer that is provided on the electroconductive substrate, contains a binder resin, metal oxide particles and an electron accepting compound having an acidic group and has an AC impedance of from 1×105? to 1×108? under the measurement condition in which a temperature is 22° C., a humidity is 50% RH, an AC voltage is ±1 V, and a frequency is 1 Hz and an AC impedance of from 1×103? to 1×108? under the measurement condition in which a temperature is 22° C., a humidity is 50% RH, an AC voltage is ±1 V, and a frequency is 100 Hz, and a photosensitive layer that is provided on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: A photoconductor containing an optional anticurl layer, a supporting substrate, an optional ground plane layer, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a photogenerating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoat layer mixture of a charge transport compound, a melamine resin, an optional acid catalyst, and a fluoro component.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer over the conductive substrate; a charge transport layer over the charge generation layer; and an overcoat layer over the charge transport layer. The overcoat layer comprises a cross-linked polyacrylate that includes a charge transport material dispersed therein and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate and containing an organic photoconductive material and charge transport materials including a styryl compound represented by structural formula (I) below and a triphenylamine compound represented by structural formula (II) below This photoreceptor resolves the problem of light induced fatigue that occurs when using a triphenylamine compound as a charge transport material to thereby provide a good electrophotographic photoreceptor with little light-induced fatigue while controlling costs.

Abstract: Red toners that approximate PANTONE® Red 032 and PANTONE® Warm Red are described. The colorant includes an orange colorant and a red colorant, where the orange colorant absorbs light having a wavelength of from about 400 to about 520 nm, and where the red colorant absorbs light having a wavelength of from about 500 to 580 nm.

Abstract: A toner particle has a core and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell contains a polymerized charge enhanced spacer particle, which is a copolymer of a charge control agent and a monomer. A method of making toner particles includes forming a slurry by mixing together a first emulsion containing a resin, optionally a wax, optionally a colorant, optionally a surfactant, optionally a coagulant, and one or more additional optional additive, heating the slurry to form aggregated particles in the slurry, forming a second emulsion containing a monomer and a charge control agent, polymerizing the second emulsion to form a copolymer of the monomer and the charge control agent, and incorporating the copolymer into the toner particles, wherein the aggregated particles form a core of the toner particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyester resin containing the polycondensation product of (a) at least one diacid, acid ester, or diester, and (b) at least two diols. The at least two diols include a disproportionated rosin diol and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane. Also disclosed is a toner composition having particles which include the disclosed polyester resin. Further disclosed is a method of preparing the disclosed polyester resin, and a method of forming toner particles that includes the disclosed polyester resin.

Abstract: A plurality of flakes are provided that can be used in ink or paint wherein the flakes are of a size that requires magnification to see their shape, in the form of polygons, such as squares, triangle or rectangles. A breaking or grinding process is used to break a foil into these shaped flakes and frames or walls are provided within the foil sheet so as to delineate the shapes and these lines provided by frames or walls will facilitate breakage in a preferred manner such that the flakes break into selected shaped polygons. Remnants are typically present along flake edges due to the grinding and breakage process however with magnification, one can see the resultant regular polygonal shape. To clearly see the remnants one requires increased magnification and the remnant itself provides a type of signature. It can be seen as a taggent within a taggent.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes an insulating carrier liquid, colored particles, an organic macromolecular compound, and a dispersant. The organic macromolecular compound is dissolved in the carrier liquid. The organic macromolecular compound is formed of a copolymer resin selected from cyclic olefin copolymers and styrene-based elastomers. The colored particles are dispersed in the carrier liquid. Each of the colored particles includes a binder resin and carbon black. A mass ratio (V/OP) of a content (V) of the dispersant in the liquid developer to a content (OP) of the organic macromolecular compound in the liquid developer is 0.2 or larger and 0.8 or smaller.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of developer compositions comprising: providing a first developer including carrier and a first toner comprised of resin, pigment, polyolefin, a first compatibilizer, a first charge control agent, and a first metal oxide surface additive; and, adding thereto a second developer including carrier, and a second toner, second compatibilizer, a second charge control agent, and a second metal oxide surface additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved solvents and photoresists for the photolithographic patterning of organic electronic devices, systems comprising combinations of these solvents and photoresists, and methods for using these systems of solvents and photoresists to pattern various organic electronic materials.

Abstract: A negative tone-development resist composition for forming a guide pattern, including a base component (A) and an acid generator component (B), the base component (A) including a resin component (A1) having a structural unit (a1) derived from an acrylate ester containing an acid dissociable group, and at least one of the following structural units (a2): a structural unit derived from an acrylic acid ester containing a lactone-containing cyclic group, a structural unit derived from an acrylic acid ester containing an ether-containing cyclic group and a structural unit derived from an acrylic acid ester containing a carbonate-containing cyclic group, and a constituent unit (a1) derived from an acrylic acid ester containing an acid-labile group, the acid generator component (B) including an acid generator (B1) including at least one compound represented by general formula (b1) or (b2) shown below

Abstract: Provided is an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a resist film formed with the composition, and a pattern-forming method using the same. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes (P) a resin that contains the following repeating units (A), (B) and (C); and a solvent having a boiling temperature of 150° C. or less, (A) a repeating unit containing a group capable of decomposing and forming an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (B) a repeating unit containing a group capable of decomposing and forming a carboxylic acid by the action of an acid, and (C) a repeating unit containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.

Abstract: A method for forming a pattern on a surface using charged particle beam lithography is disclosed, where the shots in an ordered set of input shots are modified within a subfield to reduce either a thermal variation or a maximum temperature of the surface during exposure by the charged particle beam writer. A method for fracturing or mask data processing is also disclosed, where an ordered set of shots is generated which will expose at least one subfield of a surface using a shaped beam charged particle beam writer, and where a temperature or a thermal variation generated on the surface during the exposure of one subfield is calculated. Additionally, a method for forming a pattern on a surface with an ordered set of shots using charged particle beam lithography is disclosed, in which a blanking period following a shot is lengthened to reduce the maximum temperature of the surface.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming pattern including (a) forming a chemically amplified resist composition into a film, (b) exposing the film to light, and (c) developing the exposed film with a developer containing a first organic solvent, wherein in the developer, particles each having a diameter of 0.3 ?m or greater amount to a density of 30 particles/ml or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silicon oxynitride film formation method capable of reducing energy cost, and also provides a substrate equipped with a silicon oxynitride film formed thereby. This method comprises the steps of: casting a film-formable coating composition containing a polysilazane compound on a substrate surface to form a coat; drying the coat to remove excess of the solvent therein; and then irradiating the dried coat with UV light at a temperature lower than 150° C.

Abstract: A method of preventing clogging of a reusable wick, a method of fueling a reusable wick, and a fuel burning system are provided. The fuel burning system has a melted fuel reservoir, a melting grate, and at least one wick. The melted fuel reservoir is configured to receive a solid fuel. The melting grate is located above at least a portion of the melted fuel reservoir so that fuel melted on the melting grate can be received into the melted fuel reservoir. The at least one wick has an at least partially hollow core forming a burn chamber extending above the melting grate. The wick is spaced from the reservoir so that melted fuel in the reservoir is spaced apart from a bottom of the wick.

Abstract: A furnace assembly comprising a non-condensing furnace with a draft inducer. The draft inducer includes a permanent magnet electrically commutated motor and a draft inducer blower fan. The motor includes a stator, a rotor, a motor cooling fan, and a controller. The rotor being rotatable relative to the stator, the fan being operatively coupled to the rotor such that rotation of the rotor causes rotation of the fan, the controller being configured to selectively operate the motor in first and second different torque ranges of the rotor, with the first and second torque range operating within a fixed percentage and within a fixed percentage of each other. The controller being configured such during normal operation, the motor is not operable at any torques between the first torque range and the second torque range except during transitionary periods.

Abstract: A survival tool intended for fire starting with a novel tinder generation element which creates fine, elongated slivers of combustible material which ignite and dry easily even in damp or wet environments. The device combination of a pyrophoric element, striker, ignitable material and other optional elements with the elongated tinder generation component reduces the risk of injury and subsequent infection over bladed alternatives, while also containing all required elements for wilderness fire starting in a small convenient package.

Abstract: A modular heating system and method is presented that automatically shuts down the chemical reaction within a heater if the heat generated by the reaction is excessive. Heaters are designed to generate sufficient heat to warm food or drink in an adjacent container. If the container is empty, or if the heater is dislodged from the container, the heat generated by the heater will become dangerously high. When excessive heat is generated by the reaction in the heater, systems and methods of the present invention respond by terminating the reaction before all of the reaction mixture has reacted.

Abstract: A vacuum heat treatment apparatus according to the embodiment comprises a chamber; a thermal insulator in the chamber; a reaction container in the thermal insulator; a heating member between the reaction container and the the thermal insulator for heating the reaction container; and a temperature measuring member in or on a surface of the reaction container, wherein the temperature measuring member comprises a thermocouple and a protective tube surrounding the thermocouple, and the protective tube comprises tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), or silicon carbide (SiC).

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a combustion furnace with coaxial staged hearth and heating method thereof, in which the combustion furnace comprises a metal furnace body (40) whose internal part is provided with a furnace chamber. The furnace chamber is divided into two sections at the middle by fire resistant material to form a left and a right independent combustion chambers (18, 19). Two independent combustion chambers (18, 19) are respectively connected with the ends of flue gas chambers (2, 60), while the other ends of the flue gas chambers (2, 60) are respectively connected with a burner (3). The peripherals of two independent combustion chambers (18, 19) are respectively provided with a flue gas heat radiation pipe (14). A middle flue gas chamber (100) is set in the middle position of the furnace chamber. Two ends of the flue gas heat radiation pipe (14) are respectively connected with the flue gas chamber (2, 60) and the middle flue gas chamber (100).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for treatment of articles by hot pressing and in particular by hot isostatic pressing. The pressing arrangement includes a pressure vessel and a furnace chamber adapted to hold articles, which furnace chamber is provided inside the pressure vessel. At least one guiding passage communicating with the furnace chamber forms an outer cooling loop, wherein the pressure medium in a part of the outer cooling loop is guided in proximity to pressure vessel walls and the top end closure before it re-enters into the furnace chamber. Further, a guiding channel element is located in the at least one guiding passage forming the outer cooling loop is arranged with at least one pressure medium channel for guiding the pressure medium from a central opening of the heat insulated casing radially and circumferentially towards a lateral wall of the pressure cylinder.

Abstract: An orthodontic bracket includes a bracket body, a slide member, and a resilient member. The slide member is slidable relative to the archwire slot. The resilient member is coupled to and is slidable with the slide member. The resilient member is configured to engage a first portion of the bracket body in the opened position and a second portion of the bracket body in the closed position. The second portion is different from the first portion. The resilient member imposes a biasing force on the slide member in the direction of movement toward the archwire slot when the slide member is in the closed position. The resilient member may be configured to impose a biasing force on the slide member in the direction away from the archwire slot when the slide member is at a position intermediate the opened and closed positions.

Abstract: There is provided a method of calculating an index for deciding the necessity of surgically operating on the jaw in orthodontic treatment wherein an index for deciding the necessity of surgically operating on the jaw which becomes objective materials for a dentist to decide the necessity of surgically operating on the jaw of a patient in orthodontic treatment of the patient can be calculated easily, and by appropriately combining the results of other inspection methods, the dentist is able to diagnose easily with high objectivity and correctness, moreover with a short period of time, and its program. Using the distance (S?A) between S and A, the distance (S?Xi) between S and Xi (i is an integer from 1 to 4. X1=B, X2=Pog, X3=Gn and X4=Me.) and the distance (Go?Xj) between Go and Xj (j is an integer from 1 to 4. j=i or j?i.

Abstract: A dental drill is disclosed which allows for an osteotomy to be formed in a shape which closely matches the cylindrical shape of many dental implants. In so doing, the implant engages more tissue of the resulting osteotomy, thus resulting in greater ability for the tissue to penetrate and fuse with the implant while also reducing the chances of infection and reducing the overall recovery time. In addition, by forming the dental drill with a relatively obtuse angulation between the termini of the drill flutes, the cutting forces are spread across a larger cutting area thus reducing wear on the drill itself. Moreover, by spreading the cutting force over a larger area, the heat generated by the drill is reduced and thus the discomfort afforded to the patient is reduced.

Abstract: An oral irrigator is provided that has a pump unit having at least a first pump being connected or being connectable to at least a first fluid reservoir containing a first fluid, a control unit for controlling the pump unit, at least a first outlet nozzle for emitting fluid pumped from the first fluid reservoir to the first outlet nozzle during operation as a continuous or pulsating fluid jet, wherein the control unit is arranged to control the pump unit during operation in at least a first operation mode such that at least a first fluid jet parameter of the continuous or pulsating jet is automatically varied over time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-removable bridge dental prosthesis that enables an artificial tooth for replacing a damaged tooth to be conveniently and safely installed without need of an artificial dental root or removal of an adjacent tooth. According to the present invention, the non-removable bridge dental prosthesis consists of: an artificial tooth to be inserted into a region from which a tooth has been lost; a bridge tightly fixed to the rear surfaces of the teeth on either side of the region from which the tooth was lost, and having the artificial tooth inserted and fixed to the front thereof; and a coupling member for coupling the artificial tooth to the bridge.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a frictional angled dental implant 100, and the dental implant 100 includes a planted portion 110 being fixedly planted to in an alveolar bone 1, a non-planted portion 130 having the height corresponding to the thickness of gum 2 and provided with an abutment connecting portion 131 on the upper portion thereof, the abutment connecting portion 131 being frictionally connected with an abutment, and a fastening portion 150 for fixedly fastening the non-planted portion 130 to the upper end of the planted portion 110, wherein the central axis I-I of the planted portion 110 and the central axis II-II of the non-planted portion 130 are crossed from each other, and the non-planted portion 130 is formed with a though-hole on the central axis I-I of the planted portion 110, the through-hole being inserted with the fastening portion 150.

Abstract: This invention concerns a dental implant with an oval section which allows making implants in places which were not able to make it in them before, because its being narrow in one of the directions distal-mesial or lingual-buccal. The design allows a better cosmetic and gingival case when making implant operation in molar place where two implants are putted distal-mesial and in case of lower incisals. The implant provides high primal stability and big space for the attached surfaces and gives a high performance against the chewing forces.

Abstract: The invention is a protective package for delivering a medical or dental implant to an implantation site. The protective package protects the implant from contact with any surfaces from which bacteria or other contaminants could be transferred to the implant itself. The protective package is adapted to allow the implant to be delivered to the implantation site and to allow the primary retention of the implant in a bone or other type of tissue to be carried out before completely removing the implant from the protective packaging.

Abstract: A paint or stain color selection device includes a frame sized for arms-length handheld use. The frame at least partially surrounds a viewing aperture. A plurality of distinct paint or stain color representations having surface areas smaller than the cross-sectional area defined by the viewing aperture are disposed on the frame and distributed around the viewing aperture. The device may be held in a user's hand and used to view remote objects or surfaces through the viewing aperture while visually comparing the object or surface to one or more of the paint or stain color representations.

Abstract: Method, computer program product, and system to perform an operation for a deep question answering system. The operation begins by computing a concept score for a first concept in a first case received by the deep question answering system, the concept score being based on a machine learning concept model for the first concept. The operation then excludes the first concept from consideration when analyzing a candidate answer and an item of supporting evidence to generate a response to the first case upon determining that the concept score does not exceed a predefined concept minimum weight threshold. The operation then increases a weight applied to the first concept when analyzing the candidate answer and the item of supporting evidence to generate the response to the first case when the concept score exceeds a predefined maximum weight threshold.

Abstract: A game that encourages a player to eat nutritious food items that includes a game board having a plurality of contiguous spaces defining a playing path, wherein each space designates a given activity, and wherein one activity is designated to encourage the player to eat a nutritious food item; a playing piece for each player; chance means for determining the number of spaces a player can advance a playing piece along the playing path; and, means for encouraging the player to eat a nutritious food item based on the playing piece landing on a respective space on said playing path.

Abstract: Health and wellness management techniques and devices are described including receiving data representing a nutrition profile defining parameters upon which a target score is established based on nutrition consumption, acquiring other data representing subsets of acquired parameters, determining values for the subsets of the acquired parameters based on reference values for the parameters set forth in the nutrition profile, calculating a nutrition score based on the values, determining a magnitude of a difference between the nutrition score and the target score, predicting a subset of the acquired parameters to reduce the difference between the nutrition score and the target score, the subset of the acquired parameters being predicted based on at least one of an environmental parameter and a social parameter, and causing generation of a representation of a recommendation to engage in nutrition intake.

Abstract: Health and wellness management techniques and devices are described including receiving data representing a nutrition profile defining parameters upon which a target score is established based on nutrition consumption, acquiring data representing subsets of acquired parameters, determining values for the subsets of the acquired parameters based on reference values for the parameters set forth in the nutrition profile, calculating a nutrition score based on the values, causing presentation of a representation of an overall score comprising the nutrition score, determining a nutrition deficiency, and generating data representing a recommendation associated with the nutrition deficiency.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for implementing an avatar having artificial intelligence for identifying and providing meal recommendations. The avatar acts as an electronic representation of a user. The avatar searches available information and makes recommendations to the user based on initial input, the user's response to previous recommendations regarding meals, and/or other information regarding the user. In this way, the avatar continually learns more about the user to improve future recommendations regarding meals that the user will enjoy and also meals that meet a user's nutritional requirements or dietary goals. Accordingly, the avatar can make many meal related decisions for the user that, given the learning the avatar can obtain, can closely approximate the decisions the user himself would make.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for modifying the eating behavior of a patient equipped with a gastric restriction apparatus, comprising steps of: a. providing an adjustable gastric band (AGB); b. providing a pressure sensor to measure pressure within said AGB; c. providing a processing unit containing instructions to collect a set of pressure measurement and to analyze said set pressure measurement; d. providing a data base comprising data concerning pressure exerted within said AGB by a bolus of liquid food, a bolus of semiliquid food, and a bolus of solid food; e. recording said sets of pressure measurements; f. recording the results; g. communicating said results; h. placing said AGB in position; i. measuring said pressure within said AGB; j. using said distinction of said current eating pattern to modify said eating behavior of said patient.

Abstract: A language learning system and method for facilitating learning of a foreign language by a human reader having relative fluency in a familiar language.

Abstract: A personal computer external hardware touchpad and coordinating hand held activator attachment (mouse) linked to computer through USB cable, and coordinated with accompanying software will mimic and cause computer monitor to display a stored image of an actual ultrasound scan on a live being or a computer generated likeness, through the constant direct pressure and interaction of the hardware and software program. Some existing computer keyboard functions will temporarily be altered by the software to coordinate with the hardware and displayed image.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using speech to control the operation of a training application and executing a training application involving a plurality of trainees. In one implementation, a computer-implemented method is provided for using speech to control the operation of a training application. The method includes receiving audio data representing a response to a training exercise from an input source associated with a trainee. The method processes the received audio data to determine the content of the audio data and generates a command based on at least the processed audio data. The method further processes the generated command to control the operation of the training application.

Abstract: An engagement index reflects a user's level of engagement with a digital resource. Actions of the user, such as the amount of time spent on a page, the number of pages accessed, the amount of time spent in a session, and the number and type of annotations made may be used as factors in the determination of the engagement index. Data values corresponding to one or more of the factors are received and are validated to eliminate any extreme values and to make the values comparable with one another. Different validation methods may be used for different factors. Once the data values are validated, weighting coefficients are applied to the validated values. The system then determines the engagement index by summing the weighted values. Once calculated, the engagement index may be aggregated with other engagement indexes or compared to engagement indexes for other users.

Abstract: The invention is a toilet training device for boys. Specifically, the invention is a target that is attached to the rim of a toilet bowl and shifts into place when the toilet set is lifted, and shifts or swings out of the way when the toilet seat is put down.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a posture estimation unit, an abnormality determination unit, and a presentation unit. The posture estimation unit is configured to estimate a neck posture of a user. The abnormality determination unit is configured to determine whether a posture is abnormal based on the neck posture estimated by the posture estimation unit. The presentation unit is configured to present an abnormality of the posture to the user, when the abnormality determination unit determines that the posture is abnormal.

Abstract: The system and method of the present invention provides for realistic, live on live with webcams, interactive, golf lessons from a golf professional who is located at a distance from the golfer. The lesson experience is enhanced by providing tools to the professional for annotating the lesson both verbally and visually, as well as by providing for the recording of the lesson and later playback of same, with enhanced synchronization of audio/visual data streams.

Abstract: A system comprising: an apparatus for training microsurgical suturing on simulated tissue; an imaging system for capturing an image and/or video of the suture; and a suture training recommendation engine configured to determine the suture quality.

Abstract: Provided is a syringe operation detection device 1 for detecting a drawing or injecting operation of a plunger 120 in a syringe 100. A female joint part 52 is joined to a barrel tip 116 of the syringe 100, a male joint part 60 is joined to a needle hub 132 of a syringe needle 130, and a coupling container 70 is placed between the female joint part 52 and the male joint part 60, for allowing them to be continuous with each other while being closed externally. A detector for detecting a pressure, flow velocity, or flow rate of a fluid moving therein is placed in any one of the coupling container 70, the female joint part 52, and the male joint part 60. As a result, there is provided the syringe operation detection device capable of being applied to a syringe actually used and evaluating a drawing or injecting state in objective terms.