Abstract: A film forming device for a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a chamber configured to receive a substrate and including a body having a hollow portion, a heating device in the hollow portion, and an insulating member configured to enclose the substrate and the heating device.

Abstract: Provided is an equipment for manufacturing a semiconductor. The equipment for manufacturing a semiconductor includes a cleaning chamber in which a cleaning process is performed on substrates, an epitaxial chamber in which an epitaxial process for forming an epitaxial layer on each of the substrates is performed, and a transfer chamber to which the cleaning chamber and the epitaxial chamber are connected to sides surfaces thereof, the transfer chamber including a substrate handler for transferring the substrates, on which the cleaning process is completed, into the epitaxial chamber. The cleaning chamber includes a reaction chamber connected to a side surface of the transfer chamber to perform a reaction process on the substrates and a heating chamber connected to a side surface of the transfer chamber to perform a heating process on the substrates. The reaction chamber and the heating chamber are vertically stacked on each other.

Abstract: A position-referenced mobile system includes a mobile apparatus having: a chassis having a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge; a first wheel rotatably mounted proximate the first edge of the chassis; a second wheel rotatably mounted proximate the second edge of the chassis; a first motor for rotating the first wheel; a second motor for rotating the second wheel; a first encoder for monitoring an amount of rotation of the first motor; a second encoder for monitoring an amount of rotation of the second motor; a laser mounted on the chassis; and a photo detector mounted on the chassis; a controller for interpreting signals provided by the photo detector; and a plurality of reflective elements disposed at a corresponding plurality of locations that are observable by the photo detector when the mobile apparatus is located within a position detection region.

Abstract: A substrate and mask attachment clamp device comprising a push assembly, an upper clamp mechanism and a lower clamp mechanism is disclosed. The upper clamp mechanism comprises a first inclined surface, a swing element, a second inclined surface and a sliding surface. The lower clamp mechanism comprises a lower clamp retainer and a clamp movably. During the push assembly moving along a first direction, the push assembly moves with respect to the first inclined surface to drive the upper clamp mechanism to move along a second direction. The push assembly further drives the second inclined surface to move with respect to the swing element, so that the swing element drives the clamp to move along a third direction opposite to the first direction, and drives the sliding surface to move with respect to the lower clamp mechanism to drive the clamp to move along a fourth direction.

Abstract: A method of forming a pattern includes: providing a heating substrate that selectively controls positions where heat is generated by controlling locations where electric current flows; forming a pattern forming material on a surface of the heating substrate; aligning a patterning substrate, on which a pattern may be formed, to face a surface of the heating substrate; and selectively applying electric current to the heating substrate to transfer some of the pattern forming material onto the patterning substrate. According to the method of forming the pattern and a method of fabricating an OLED, the pattern is transferred by heating the pattern forming material formed on the heating substrate, and thus, the pattern may be formed with high accuracy without using a mask, and the pattern forming material remaining on the heating substrate may be re-used.

Abstract: Systems and methods for plasma doping microfeature workpieces are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method of implanting boron ions into a region of a workpiece includes generating a plasma in a chamber, selectively applying a pulsed electrical potential to the workpiece with a duty cycle of between approximately 20 percent and approximately 50 percent, and implanting an ion specie into the region of the workpiece.

Abstract: A gas supply pipe and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus including the gas supply pipe. The gas supply pipe includes: a first pipe connected to a gas storage apparatus via a gas supply line to supply a reacting gas into a reacting furnace; and a second pipe thermally contacting the first pipe to cool the first pipe, wherein a first end of the second pipe is connected to a cooling medium supplying unit via a cooling medium line such that a cooling medium circulates inside the second pipe, and a second, opposite end of the second pipe is connected to a cooling medium collecting unit.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus component (101), to which a nitride semiconductor expressed by a general formula of AlxInyGa1-x-yN (provided that, x and y satisfy relationships of 0?x<1, 0?y<1, and 0?x+y<1) adheres, is disposed inside a washing apparatus (100) provided with a gas introducing pipe (104) and a gas discharging pipe (105). After the inside of the apparatus is set to a decompressed state, a halogen-containing gas is introduced from the gas introducing pipe (104) to set a pressure inside the apparatus to be equal to or more than 10 kPa and equal to or less than 90 kPa. Then, the halogen-containing gas is retained inside the apparatus to remove the nitride semiconductor adhered to the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus component (101).

Abstract: A plasma apparatus including a chamber, an electrode set and a gas supplying tube set is provided. The chamber has a supporting table. The gas supplying tube set is disposed in the chamber and located between the supporting table and the electrode set. The gas supplying tube set includes at least one outer gas supplying tube and at least one first inner gas supplying tube. The first inner gas supplying tube is telescoped within the outer gas supplying tube. The outer gas supplying tube and the first inner gas supplying tube both have a plurality of gas apertures, and an amount of the gas apertures of the outer gas supplying tube is greater than an amount of the gas apertures of the first inner gas supplying tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vacuum deposition apparatus for depositing a source on a substrate arranged in a vacuum chamber, the vacuum deposition apparatus including: a substrate carrier which carries the substrate; a nozzle which is arranged to be opposite to the substrate carrier and jets a source to the substrate arranged on the substrate carrier; and a temperature controller which controls a surface temperature of the substrate carrier such that the source is prevented from being deposited on the substrate carrier. Thus, a vacuum deposition apparatus can minimize deterioration in productivity caused when sources are deposited as particles on the substrate carrier for carrying a substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for applying a chemical, such as an ammonia control chemical, in an animal house. The apparatus includes spreading apparatus adapted to be installed at an elevated position in the animal house and adapted for spreading the chemical onto the floor in the house. The apparatus also includes feeding apparatus adapted for feeding the chemical from a supply to the spreading apparatus. A method of controlling ammonia emissions from an animal agriculture operation includes applying an ammonia control chemical during both the early part and the late part of the grow out of the animals so that the chemical contacts ammonia from animal waste and reduces or prevents its emission into the air.

Abstract: A furnace system for heating a poultry brooder house includes a firebox for burning biomass fuel, and a grate within the firebox for burning the biomass fuel thereon. A distributor assembly may positioned within the firebox and is located directly above the grate. The distributor assembly includes a distributor plate having a plurality of apertures therethrough, and a distributor arm above the distributor plate that is movable relative to the distributor plate to cause biomass fuel supported on the plate to pass through the apertures and fall onto the grate. The furnace system may include a hopper assembly that defines a well for receiving a volume of biomass fuel for delivery to the grate or to the distributor plate.

Abstract: A saving device for bird houses, feeders and feed is provided that includes a vertical member secured in an anchor medium topped by a pulley supporting a line able to be fastened by a cleat. The line attached to a sleeve traveling up and down the vertical member, by the action of an operator, is fitted with hooks to support feeders and houses for target species, protected by a guard and hanger clamp assembly, a means to hinder non-target animals from accessing and destroying feeders and houses for target species.

Abstract: A paper-made composite pet house comprises a rigid bottom cardboard, at least one cardboard support wall connected to the rigid bottom cardboard, a cardboard cover, a top coupling wall and at least one viewing tower. The rigid bottom cardboard has a first coupling portion. The cardboard support wall has a second coupling portion connecting to the first coupling portion and a plurality of top coupling portions remote from the rigid bottom cardboard. The cardboard cover is remote from the rigid bottom cardboard and connected to the top coupling portions to form a mask cover. The top coupling wall and viewing tower are located on the cardboard cover. Thus the invention allows users to assemble by themselves and is flexible in shape. It also is eco-friendly, and can be assembled quickly and fabricated at low cost to provide improved practicality.

Abstract: A device for facilitating a cat's self grooming. The device includes a pad for residing upon a planar surface and first and second grooming elements. The first and second grooming elements have nodules extending therefrom and each is releasably appended to the pad and to one another such that the grooming elements are selectively detachable from the pad and from each other.

Abstract: A human sensing pet deterrent system for protecting a specific indoor area is disclosed. The human sensing pet deterrent system includes an ultrasonic detection system that determines whether a human or a pet is entering the protected area, a motorized fluid sprayer system in the proximity of the protected area, and a microcontroller which controls and provides communication between the systems. The fluid sprayer system delivers a spray or mist stimulus for a preset duration which discourages a pet from entering the protected area. If the ultrasonic detection system detects a human, the fluid spray system is deactivated for a preset duration, thereby enabling the human to enter the protected area.

Abstract: A system for directing a bird away from equipment includes an emitter configured to transmit a beam of audio-modulated ultrasonic sound. The beam of audio-modulated ultrasonic sound is configured to frequency down-convert in the atmosphere to produce a specified audible sound for a bird at a selected distance away from the emitter.

Abstract: An animal perch deterrent device comprise a central axis line which has a plurality of radially extending spokes or spikes integrated with and attached to the line at their base that run along the length of central axis line at equidistantly placed intervals and whose proximal end are affixed thereto so that each spike radiates out and away from the central axis line. The device further comprises a first attachment means for securing the distal end of the central axis line to the stern of a boat and a second attachment means on the proximal end of the axis line that is secured to the lower or base portion of the mast. The outwardly and radially extending spikes are comprised of cable ties integrated with and attached to the line at their base and run along the length of central axis line at approximately equidistantly placed intervals.

Abstract: A hands-free method for handling animal waste entails securing a support structure to an animal, preferably a dog. The support structure includes a first latching mechanism which is used to secure a disposable waste receptacle. The disposable waste receptacle is handled via a manipulating tool and corresponding second latching mechanism, with the manipulating tool being operated by means of a user interface. The manipulating tool is used to couple the disposable waste receptacle to the first latching mechanism. After the disposable waste receptacle accumulates excrement, the manipulating tool is used to decouple the disposable waste receptacle from the support structure and discard the disposable waste receptacle in a separate trash receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes many of the disadvantages of prior art mobile oil field heat exchange systems by providing an improved frac water heating system. The present invention is a self-contained unit which is easily transported to remote locations. In one embodiment, the present invention includes a single-pass tubular coil heat exchanger contained within a closed-bottom firebox having a forced-air combustion and cooling system. In another embodiment, the present invention includes multiple, single-pass heat exchanger units arranged in a vertically stacked configuration. The rig also includes integral fuel tanks, hydraulic and pneumatic systems for operating the rig at remote operations in all weather environments. In a preferred embodiment, the improved frac water heating system is used to heat water on-the-fly (i.e., directly from the supply source to the well head) to complete hydraulic fracturing operations.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes many of the disadvantages of prior art mobile oil field heat exchange systems by providing an improved frac water heating system. The present invention is a self-contained unit which is easily transported to remote locations. In one embodiment, the present invention includes a single-pass tubular coil heat exchanger contained within a closed-bottom firebox having a forced-air combustion and cooling system. In another embodiment, the present invention includes multiple, single-pass heat exchanger units arranged in a vertically stacked configuration. The rig also includes integral fuel tanks, hydraulic and pneumatic systems for operating the rig at remote operations in all weather environments. In a preferred embodiment, the improved frac water heating system is used to heat water on-the-fly (i.e., directly from the supply source to the well head) to complete hydraulic fracturing operations.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of valves and controllers for water heaters. Also disclosed are mounting methods for valves and controllers for water heaters. In an exemplary embodiment, a gas valve and controller are mounted to and/or located at a burner door of a water heater.

Abstract: A power tool has an internal combustion engine with a piston supported in the cylinder and delimiting a combustion chamber. A crankshaft is rotatably supported in the crankcase and driven by the piston. Combustion air is supplied to the combustion chamber via an intake passage that has a piston-controlled inlet opening and an intake section formed within the cylinder. The bottom of the intake section, when the cylinder axis is vertical and the crankcase is beneath the combustion chamber, connects lowermost points of passage cross-sections arranged in the intake section perpendicular to the flow direction. The bottom descends toward the crankcase when the longitudinal cylinder axis is vertical. A ramp arranged in the intake passage next to the inlet opening deflects a portion of flow flowing within the intake passage. The ramp, when the longitudinal cylinder axis is vertical, ascends in flow direction toward the crankcase.

Abstract: A reformer-liquid fuel manufacturing system that utilizes an engine to generate hydrogen-rich gas is disclosed. The engine operates at very rich conditions, such as 2.5<?<4.0. In doing so, it creates an exothermic reaction, which results in the production of syngas. In addition, the system utilizes the energy from the exothermic reaction to rotate a shaft and also utilizes the heat in the syngas to heat the reactants. A mechanical power plant is in communication with the rotating shaft and can be used to produce oxygen, provide electricity or operate a compressor, as require. The hydrogen-rich gas is supplied to a chemical reactor, which converts the gas into a liquid fuel, such as methanol.

Abstract: A camless engine operating system that includes an inlet valve switch configured to detect rotational movement of an inlet valve power disc and to output an inlet actuator voltage. A voltage level of the inlet actuator voltage is synchronous with the rotational movement of the inlet valve power disc. An inlet valve is movable to open and close an intake port of a combustion chamber. An inlet valve mechanical force moves the inlet valve to open the intake port. An inlet actuator is configured to exert the inlet valve mechanical force onto the inlet valve. The inlet actuator voltage received by the inlet actuator controls the inlet actuator to exert the inlet valve mechanical force onto the inlet valve.

Abstract: A main angle-limiting mechanism mechanically limits a relative movement between a vane rotor and a housing within a main angular range. When a rotational phase difference between the vane rotor and the housing becomes out of the main angular range, for example, due to a breakage of the main angle-limiting mechanism, an electronic control unit sets a target value for the rotational phase difference. The target value is set at such a value within a restricted angular range, which is smaller than the main angular range.

Abstract: A valve actuation mechanism for an internal combustion engine includes rockers moved by a camshaft, each rocker being adapted to exert a valve opening force on at least a portion of a valve actuation mechanism of each cylinder belonging to a housing of the engine, via an engine brake activation piston, housed in a bore of the rocker, and movable with respect to the rocker under action of a fluid pressure raise in a chamber fluidly linked to the bore, from a first position, in which an engine brake function is deactivated, to a second position, in which a roller of the rocker reads at least one engine brake bump of a cam of the camshaft so as to perform the engine brake function. Each rocker includes a discharge valve movable in translation with respect to the rocker, adapted to reduce fluid pressure in the chamber.

Abstract: A camshaft includes a carrier shaft which can be mounted rotatably along a shaft axis and at least one cam pack disposed axially displaceably on the carrier shaft. The cam pack includes at least two cams and at least one adjusting member for axial adjustment of the cam pack. The cams and the at least one adjusting member are connected to one another in an axially adjacent configuration and can be mounted axially displaceably as a composite structure in a direct configuration on the carrier shaft. A method for producing a camshaft and a cam pack are also provided.

Abstract: A barrier discharge ignition apparatus has a tip end exposed to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine and, when subjected to a high-frequency high-voltage AC burst, generates streamer discharges for igniting a fuel/air mixture in the combustion chamber. A central electrode of the apparatus, covered by a dielectric layer and coaxially enclosed in a ground electrode, extends into the combustion chamber to a greater distance than the ground electrode. An electrode portion close to the tip end of the inner periphery of the ground electrode protrudes towards the dielectric layer, for creating a localized high-density electric field. The streamer discharges thereby enter both the to combustion chamber and also a discharge chamber of the ignition apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a dynamo-electric machine driving an engine, and a calculator calculating an increment in a crank angular acceleration of the engine every certain period from a base time after the driving of the engine by the dynamo-electric machine. The apparatus further includes a determiner determining that the engine has started by the dynamo-electric machine on a condition that the increment calculated by the calculator exceeds a standard value.

Abstract: A method for producing a cylinder liner surface for a cylinder crankcase of an internal combustion engine has the following method steps: (a) preliminary honing of the inner surface of a cylinder liner consisting of a cast iron material to form depressions in the surface; (b) application of a coating material containing zinc to the honed surface; (c) final honing of the coated surface in such a way that the coating material containing zinc remains only in the depressions formed by the preliminary honing.

Abstract: An engine with pistons (7, 8, 67, 68, 69) that follow a circular motion (6) and respective cylinders (11, 15, 77, 78, 79) that follow a counter-circular motion (13, 17) relative to the pistons, such that each piston follows a linear path (S) relative to the respective cylinder, and at least a top surface (8T) of each piston remains within the cylinder throughout engine operation, resulting in a stroke length (S) four times a radius (R) of the circular motion. The pistons may be interconnected by connecting rods (9) without wrist pins, forming a multi-piston assembly (7-8-9, 115) as a single dynamic unit. Intake (110) and exhaust gas passages may go through the crankshaft (20, 20A) and the connecting rod assembly (115) to ports (130, 132) in the tops of the pistons via rotary valves (126, 128) in the connecting rod assembly.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a pre-chamber. In another aspect, pressure within a pre-chamber is equal to or greater than pressure within a main combustion chamber at least prior to ignition in the main combustion chamber. A further aspect provides a supplemental piston creating pressure and supplying a fuel-air mixture into a pre-chamber, and a spark or glow plug has an end located within the pre-chamber for ignition of the mixture therein. In yet another aspect, internal combustion engine control software automatically controls pressure within a turbulent jet ignition pre-chamber, controls a valve-actuator to admit a fuel-air charge into the pre-chamber, and causes an ignitor to initiate combustion in the pressurized pre-chamber.

Abstract: A throttle body having an integrated sector gear which includes a sector gear component, a bushing integrally formed with the sector gear component such that the bushing and sector gear component are a single part, and an insert, where the bushing and the sector gear formed around the insert. The insert includes a first arm and a second arm, and the insert is configurable to be formed with the sector gear and the bushing to be suitable for use with one or more packaging requirements of the throttle body.

Abstract: Method and systems are provided for controlling a vehicle system including an engine that is selectively deactivated during engine idle-stop conditions. One example method comprises, adjusting a brake torque applied to a deactivated rotating engine after an engine restart request, the brake torque applied to slow the engine to at least a predetermined threshold speed without stopping the engine, and engaging a starter to the still rotating engine to increase the engine speed and restart the engine.

Abstract: A fuel line, in particular a fuel line for a gasoline direct injection line system, having an inner steel tube and an outer steel tube, wherein the inner steel tube is accommodated in the outer steel tube in a force-locking manner. The inner steel tube is made of a corrosion resistant steel and the outer steel tube is made of an outer steel tube alloy, wherein a wall thickness of the inner steel tube is smaller than a wall thickness of the outer steel tube. A maximum carbon content of the outer steel tube alloy is higher than a maximum carbon content of the corrosion resistant steel. A thickness of the fuel line amounts to between 5% and 60% of an inner diameter of the motor vehicle fluid line.

Abstract: A motor vehicle assembly unit having a connector, in particular a quick connector, and having a motor vehicle fluid line, wherein the connector includes an insertion end for inserting the fluid line, wherein there is a securing spike on the insertion end, which is encompassed by an outer sleeve. An annular insertion space for the fluid line or a fluid line end of the fluid line is disposed between the securing spike and the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is connected to the securing spike by means of at least one break-away element, that breaks when the fluid line is inserted in the annular insertion space, such that the outer sleeve can be slid onto the securing spike, or further slid onto the securing spike from, or with, the fluid line.

Abstract: A fuel evaporation gas discharge suppressing device of an internal combustion engine includes a gas storage tank for storing a fuel evaporation gas in a communication passage for causing an air intake passage and a fuel tank in an internal combustion engine of a vehicle to communicate with each other in the communication passage. Control unit controls canister opening/closing unit, fuel tank opening/closing unit and gas tank opening/closing unit based on an internal pressure of the fuel tank. The control unit opens the canister opening/closing unit and opens the fuel tank toward the communication passage, and then opens the gas storage tank toward the communication passage when reducing the internal pressure of the fuel tank.

Abstract: It is intended to provide: an electric supercharging apparatus wherein, with a simple structure, rotor windage loss in an electric motor for driving a compressor is reduced and good cooling performance is produced; and a multi-stage supercharging system using the electric supercharging device. This electric supercharging apparatus is provided with: a first cooling passage formed in a stator along a motor coil and communicating a gas supply port with a gas discharge port in a motor housing; and a first intake passage connecting the gas discharge port to an intake port of a compressor. This electric supercharging apparatus is configured to introduce outside air into the first cooling passage via the gas supply port by applying negative pressure to the first cooling passage via the first intake passage, thereby cooling the inside of the motor housing.

Abstract: An engine assembly according to the principles of the present disclosure includes an engine structure, an intake system, an exhaust system, and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) assembly. The engine structure defines cylinders having intake and exhaust ports. The intake system includes an intake manifold that provides air to the cylinders through the intake ports. The exhaust system includes an exhaust manifold in communication with the exhaust ports for expelling exhaust gas from the cylinders. The EGR system includes an EGR pipe, an EGR valve, an EGR reservoir, and an EGR injector. The EGR pipe extends from at least one of the exhaust system, the exhaust ports, and the cylinders to the EGR reservoir. The EGR valve regulates exhaust flow through the EGR pipe. The EGR injector is operable to deliver exhaust gas from the EGR reservoir directly to at least one of the intake ports and the cylinders.

Abstract: A method for controlling re-circulation of exhaust gas (EGR) in an internal combustion engine includes receiving a signal indicative of an engine operating temperature and comparing the engine operating temperature to a first predetermined IEGR threshold. When the engine operating temperature is less than the first predetermined internal EGR threshold, a first internal EGR mode is activated, whereby engine emissions may be reduced or combustion stability may be enhanced. When the engine operating temperature is greater than the first predetermined internal EGR threshold, the first internal EGR mode is deactivated, and a second internal EGR mode is activated, whereby emissions may be reduced as exhaust system heating is accelerated. When the operating temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold, the second internal EGR mode may be deactivated a third mode may be enabled with only external EGR.

Abstract: An EGR device for an internal combustion engine comprises: an EGR path through which a part of exhaust gas is recirculated from the exhaust gas conduit of an internal combustion engine as EGR gas to the intake path; and an EGR valve that is disposed within the EGR path and adjusts the flow rate of the EGR gas flowing through the EGR path. An curved structure EGR path from a position at which the EGR valve is disposed until a joining section (8d) merging with an intake manifold is a curved structure having a turned-back section which is curved in a cross-sectional view cutting a plane parallel to an installation plane on which the internal combustion engine is mounted. The position at which the EGR valve is disposed is higher than the joining section, and the EGR path of the curved structure slopes downward from the EGR valve side.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine includes at least one cylinder, an exhaust gas tract having a measuring device, and a tank ventilation system having a purge air line, which provides pneumatic communication between the tank ventilation system and the cylinder. The purge air line has a sensor for ascertaining a hydrocarbon content of a gas flow from the tank ventilation system to the at least one cylinder. Fuel metering into the cylinder is controlled dependent on the ascertained hydrocarbon content. An exhaust gas characteristic of an exhaust gas flow that flows in the exhaust gas tract is detected by the measuring device and compared with a specified target value. If the ascertained difference between the detected exhaust gas characteristic and the specified target value exceeds a specified threshold, a test is carried out to determine whether the sensor has a malfunction.

Abstract: An improved projectile throwing apparatus is described comprising a handle, an elongate shaft, and a throwing head for throwing a projectile, such as a golf ball. The throwing head may be interchangeable with golf shafts of varied lengths, with lacrosse shafts, or other shafts to achieve accurate, long distance golf ball throws. The throwing head may be shaped to achieve throws of different distance, launch angle, and trajectory, optionally imparting spin with a retrograde ramp at the distal end of the throwing head. The throwing apparatus is useful for golf-type game play, including for those with physical disabilities, as well as for a training and instructional aid for golf, lacrosse, and other sports.

Abstract: A projectile launcher having an upper receiver capable of swinging away from a lower receiver is disclosed. In one aspect, the lower receiver having a first end and a second end contains a firing control chamber. While the second end is located closer to barrel of the launcher, the first end of launcher is located closer to a buttstock. The firing control chamber includes a gas channel, wherein one end of gas channel is coupled to a valve and another end of gas channel reaches to the top of external wall of the chamber. The upper receiver having a first end and a second end contains a bolt chamber. The second end of upper receiver and the second end of lower receiver are pivotally coupled whereby allowing the first end of upper receiver to be pivotally swung away from the first end of lower receiver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting rigid, brittle articles such as tile used as a building material is improved by the capability to make both straight and curved cuts in tile on a single machine. The machine has both circular and plunge cutting tools and a table for moving the tile in both curved and straight lines in relation to the cutting tool, thereby achieving both curved and straight cuts.

Abstract: A method resumes an interrupted process for sawing a workpiece into wafers using a wire saw that includes advancing a wire web into existing sawing kerfs of the workpiece with a forward movement of the sawing wire with a first speed in the presence of a liquid sawing medium until the wire web or workpiece has reached a position corresponding to the interruption of the wire sawing process. The sawing wire is moved in defined time intervals by a forward movement of a particular length with a second speed and a backward movement of another length with a third speed, where the backward length is less than the forward length and the forward and backward movement correspond to a cycle. The wire length that is unwound during the forward movements is increased until the length during the forward movement corresponds to the length of the forward movement before the interruption.

Abstract: A cutting machine for cutting an ingot; the cutting machine comprising a carrier configured to attach the ingot thereonto, a plurality of wires configured to cut the ingot, and a container configured to flow water onto the plurality of wires and the ingot during cutting and to submerge cut portions of the ingot in water in the container without submerging the plurality of wires.

Abstract: A gas oven range may include a cavity forming a cooking chamber in which food may be cooked and a burner assembly installed on a rear wall of the cavity to heat the cavity. The burner assembly may include a burner having flame holes formed therein, a plate supporting the burner, and a cover covering the burner to form a burner chamber. An inlet may guide air from the cooking chamber into the burner chamber, and a partition may be provided between the cover and the plate to partition air flowing from the cooking chamber into the burner chamber from flames generated by the burner.

Abstract: A gas oven range may include a cavity forming a cooking chamber in which food may be cooked, and a burner assembly installed in the cavity. The burner assembly may include a burner having flame holes formed therein, and a cover covering the burner to form a burner chamber. The cover may include an inlet that guides air from the cooking chamber into the burner chamber and an outlet that discharges air heated by the burner. An air inlet may be formed at one wall of the cavity to introduce external air into the burner chamber.