Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a tetrahydropyran compound represented by general formula (5) shown in the scheme. Accordingly, a tetrahydropyran derivative is obtained in high yield and with high selectivity without using a highly toxic reagent, and an industrially useful method for producing a tetrahydropyran derivative and an intermediate thereof can be provided. In formulae (1) to (5), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, or an aromatic group which may have a substituent, and R1 and R2may be combined to form an alkylene group, thereby forming a ring; and R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, and R3 and R4 may be combined to form an alkylene group, thereby forming a ring.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing dihydronepetalactone using mixtures comprising both trans-cis nepetalactone and cis-trans nepetalactone. A reaction mixture comprising trans-cis nepetalactone and cis-trans nepetalactone is first contacted with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst under conditions that optimise the preferential conversion of trans-cis nepetalactone to dihydronepetalactone. Cis-trans nepetalactone is subsequently converted to dihydronepetalactone by contact with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided crystalline solvate forms of Warfarin potassium, termed APO-I and APO-II, and processes for making APO-I and APO-II. APO-I and APO-II are polymorphic solvate forms of Warfarin potassium.

Abstract: A method of diagnostic imaging is disclosed comprising administering a medical formulation to a subject, the formulation comprising a contrast enhancement agent having structure I and salts thereof wherein R1 is independently at each occurrence a hydroxy group, a C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl group, or a C1-C3 alkyl group, and b is 0-4; R2-R7 are independently at each occurrence hydrogen, a C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl group, or a C1-C3 alkyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R1-R7 is a hydroxy group or a C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl group; and wherein Q is one or more charge balancing counterions; and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients. The subject is subjected to a diagnostic imaging technique such as magnetic resonance imaging. The technique may be used in a variety of diagnostic imaging regimes, such as imaging of circulatory systems, genitourinary systems, hepatobiliary systems, central nervous systems, tumors, and abscesses among others.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making indeno-fused naphthol materials, that involves, with some embodiments, forming an indanone acid intermediate, which can be represented by the following general Formula V, With Formula V, m is from 0 to 4, and R1 for each m, Rg and Rh can each be independently selected from, for example, hydrogen and hydrocarbyl. The present invention also relates to a method of making an indeno-fused naphthopyran that involves an indanone acid intermediate synthetic route.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of (2S-cis)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol methanesulfonate(ester), a key intermediate for the preparation of the apoB secretion/MTP inhibitor mitratapide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ?,?-unsaturated-?, ?-disubstituted esters 1 with high E/Z- and ?,?/?,?-ratios, Formula (1) by reacting at a temperature of between about 130 and 170 degrees centigrade the conjugated malonate Formula (3) with, a group I, II or III metal halide or an organic cation/halide anion pair, an inorganic proton source and a polar solvent.

Abstract: A process for producing an olefin oxide which comprises reacting an olefin with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper oxide and a tellurium oxide.

Abstract: A composition is provided that, when utilized in combination with warfarin, greatly improves the anticoagulant effects of warfarin in mammalian subjects. The composition is a compound having a naphthohydroquinone ring system substantially similar to the ring system of the reduced form of vitamin K1 and has the general formula: where R1 and R4 are hydrogen or acyl, R2 is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group with up to 6 carbons, and R3 is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group with up to 20 carbons, or R2 and R3 are part of a cyclic or polycyclic ring system.

Abstract: Exemplary methods include centrifuging a wet algal biomass to increase a solid content of the wet algal biomass to between approximately 10% and 40% to result in a centrifuged algal biomass, mixing the centrifuged algal biomass with an amphiphilic solvent to result in a mixture, heating the mixture to result in a dehydrated, defatted algal biomass, separating the amphiphilic solvent from the dehydrated, defatted algal biomass to result in amphiphilic solvent, water and lipids, evaporating the amphiphilic solvent from the water and the lipids, and separating the water from the lipids. The amphiphilic solvent may be selected from a group consisting of acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanone, dimethyl ether, and propionaldehyde. Other exemplary methods include filtering a wet algal biomass through a membrane to increase a solid content of the wet algal biomass to between approximately 10% and 40% to result in a filtered algal biomass.

Abstract: The application discloses thiol ester molecules and ?-hydroxy thiol ester molecules having a thiol group located on one of the final two carbon atoms in a carbon chain or a terminal or ?-hydroxyl groups, respectively. The disclosed thiol ester molecules and or ?-hydroxyl thiol ester molecules es may be made from unsaturated ester molecules having one or more terminal alkene groups. The disclosed techniques also provide methods for making unsaturated ester molecules having one or more terminal alkene groups by the metathesis of unsaturated esters having one or more internal carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g. natural source oils). The thiol ester molecules or ?-hydroxy thiol ester molecule may be used in reactions with isocyanate monomers, epoxide monomer, or material having multiple alkene groups to make sealants, coatings, adhesives, and other products.

Abstract: Blown corn stillage oils and methods for making blown corn stillage oils are disclosed. In one aspect the corn stillage oils are stripped to reduce the acid value of the resulting blown, stripped corn stillage oil. The method includes heating a corn stillage oil to a temperature of at least 90° C., and passing air through the heated oil to produce a blown corn stillage oil having a viscosity of at least 50 cSt at 40° C. In one aspect, the blown corn stillage oil is stripped to reduce the acid value of the blown, stripped corn stillage oil to 5 mg KOH/gram or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for continuously producing silanes and/or organopolysiloxanes by hydrosilylation, in which at least one compound (A) containing at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond is reacted with at least one compound (B) comprising at least one Si—H functionality, wherein the reaction is carried out in a reaction mixing pump.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the hydrosilylation of a composition containing a silyl hydride and a compound containing at least one unsaturated group, the process comprising contacting a non-previous metal based complex as a catalyst precursor with an activator being a reducing agent shortly before, simultaneously or after contacting the complex with the composition, to cause the silyl hydride to react with the compound containing at least one unsaturated group to produce a hydrosilylation product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel important lycopene intermediate 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-tetraene-dodecyl diethyl phosphonate. A current lycopene intermediate 2,4,6,10-tetra-double bond pentadec-carbon phosphonate is difficult to synthesize. The invention provides a novel intermediate, which has the following synthesis steps of: preparing 2,6,10-trimethyl-3,5,9-undecane triene-1-aldehyde from pseudoionone; preparing 2,6,10-trimethyl-2,5,9-undecane triene-1-aldehyde from the 2,6,10-trimethyl-3,5,9-undecane triene-1-aldehyde; and subjecting the 2,6,10-trimethyl-2,5,9-undecane triene-1-aldehyde and tetraethyl methylenediphosphonate to condensation reaction to obtain target product. The invention can generate novel intermediate from raw material pseudoionone only by four reactions, thus the reactions are easy to control and great industrial value are achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of S-[2-[1-(2-ethylbutyl)cyclohexylcarbonylamino]-phenyl]2-methylthiopropionate which is a useful pharmaceutical active compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1 and R3 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylene group; R2 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group; and l, n and m each independently represent a natural number of 1 to 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of isocyanates in a system network comprising an isocyanate production plant, a chlorine production plant and a phosgene production plant, in which carbon dioxide formed as a by-product is partially to completely condensed out with the gaseous chlorine formed in the chlorine production plant and enters into the phosgene preparation process and, after the preparation of phosgene, the predominant part of the carbon dioxide formed is thereby sluiced out of the system network in gaseous form.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing chalcone (1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one) derivatives that have multiple substitutions on a phenyl ring. Intermediate chalcone derivatives are modified by Phase Transfer Catalysis (PTC) for introducing a substituted alkyl group that is provided by a sulfonic acid derivative on a phenyl ring already containing substituent groups on one or two carbon atoms adjacent to the carbon atom where a substituent group is being introduced. The methods of the invention allow producing efficiently, by either S-alkylation or O-alkylation, chalcones derivatives that are characterized for their biological activities that are intermediate compounds for producing molecules having such activities, or that can be used for generating libraries of compounds to be screened by means of in vitro and/or in vivo assays and establishing structure-activity relationships.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of carbamates in a single reactor (one-pot) using solid catalysts, involving the reaction between at least one nitro compound, an organic carbonate of formula (OR)(OR?)C?O, a gas selected from hydrogen gas and a mixture of gases containing hydrogen and hydrogen precursor compounds, and a catalyst that has at least one metallic oxide and can also contain an element of groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the periodical table. The carbonates obtained can be transformed into their corresponding isocyanates.

Abstract: The present invention includes the use of pelorol, related compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof as modulators of SHIP 1 activity. This invention also provides novel terpene compounds capable of modulating SHIP 1 activity and methods of synthesis thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a tube bundle reactor in a heterogeneously catalysed, continuous gas phase process, characterized in that a high-performance catalyst with a space-time yield of more than 700 g of VAM/l of catalyst×hour is used for catalysis, and in that the tube bundle reactor comprises tubes with a ratio of inner surface area to volume of ?130 m?1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, if appropriate in the presence of at least one inert medium, the phosgene being passed into a reactor (21) through a first inlet and the amine through a second inlet of an ejector (1). The first inlet and the second inlet open into a mixing zone (17) in which the phosgene and the amine are mixed to give a reaction mixture. The mixing zone (17) is followed downstream by a diffuser (19) in which pressure and temperature of the reaction mixture composed of phosgene and amine are increased.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing 4-borono-L-phenylalanine, which has steps of: reacting N-protected (S)-4-halophenylalanine of formula (I), a boronating agent and an organolithium to obtain a reaction mixture, wherein the reaction mixture comprises N-protected (S)-4-boronophenylalanine of formula (II) and the R group represents a protecting group; isolating the N-protected (S)-4-boronophenylalanine from the reaction mixture; deprotecting the R group of the N-protected (S)-4-boronophenylalanine to obtain L-BPA.

Abstract: Processes for producing formic acid from a carbohydrate-containing material include hydrolyzing a carbohydrate-containing material (e.g., cellulose) in the presence of a mineral acid to form an intermediate hydrolysate comprising one or more sugars, and hydrolyzing the intermediate hydrolysate to form a hydrolysate product including formic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production and purification of glycolic acid or glycolic acid derivatives by the carbonylation of formaldehyde in the presence of a homogeneous acid catalyst and a carboxylic acid. This invention discloses hydrocarboxylations and corresponding homogeneous acid catalyst and glycolic acid separations. The homogeneous acid catalyst is readily separated from the hydrocarboxylation reaction effluent and recycled and the carboxylic acid is readily removed from the glycolic acid and the carboxylic acid is recycled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for continuously preparing a betaine aqueous solution, including the reaction of an amine with an ?-halocarboxylic acid, in the presence of water and a base. Said method is characterized in that it is carried out in a device consisting of at least two consecutive reactors (R1) and (R2), the reactor (R2) being a tubular reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the improvement in organic electroluminescent devices by using compounds of the formula (1), in particular as hole-injection or hole-transport materials in a hole-injection or hole-transport layer.

Abstract: An improved synthesis method for preparation of iodixanol, and a purification process through macroporous adsorption resin chromatographic column and recrystallization are provided. The synthesis method relates to dimerization of 5-acetamido-N,N?-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide (compound A) to prepare iodixanol, wherein excessive side reactions such as alkylation are effectively inhibited by controlling the pH of the reaction mixture with a boron-containing acidic substance or salts thereof such as boric acid. In this way, the conversion rate of compound A to iodixanol is 85-90%. The iodixanol crude product is purified by a macroporous adsorption resin chromatographic column, obtaining iodixanol product with recovery of 90-95% and purity of 96-98%. The iodixanol crude product is recrystallized in mixed solvent containing 2-methoxyethanol, obtaining iodixanol product with recovery of 90-95% and purity of greater than 99%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of iodinated phenols; in particular; it relates to a process including the direct iodination, with suitably activated iodine, of 3,5-disubstituted phenol compounds to the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted-2,4,6-triiodophenols, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of x-ray contrast media, and to the preparation of the contrast media themselves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing aryl aldimines. In particular, the present invention relates to methods of preparing aryl aldimines that uses environmentally friendly solvent systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing pharmaceutically acceptable salts of fingolimod (I), comprising the step of reacting N-[1,1-bis hydroxymethyl-3-(4-octyl phenyl)-propyl]-acylamide (II) with an acidic compound. Furthermore, the invention provides different pharmaceutically acceptable salts of fingolimod and a polymorphic form of fingolimod hydrochloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a nitroaniline derivative of Formula I for the production of nitric oxide and for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease wherein the administration of nitric oxide is beneficial. The present invention furthermore relates to a method for the production of NO irradiating a nitroaniline derivative of Formula I, a kit comprising a nitroaniline derivative of Formula I and a carrier and to a system comprising a source of radiations and a container associated to a nitroaniline derivative of Formula I. In Formula I, R and RI are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group; RII is hydrogen or an alkyl group.

Abstract: Provided are alkynyl phenyl derivative compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of treating ophthalmic diseases and disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt's Disease, using said compounds and compositions.

Abstract: Process for preparing 2,2-difluoroethylamine, comprising the following steps: (i) mixing 2,2-difluoro-1-chloroethane and gaseous, liquid or supercritical ammonia in a pressure-stable, closed reaction vessel under a pressure in the range from 10 to 180 bar; (ii) reacting the reaction mixture at a reaction temperature in the range from 80° C. to 200° C.; (iii) letting down the reaction mixture and isolating 2,2-difluoroethylamine.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethylamines and monoisopropylamine (MIPA), in which bioethanol is reacted with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and of a heterogeneous catalyst to give ethylamines, said bioethanol having a content of sulfur and/or sulfur compounds of ?0.1 ppm by weight (calculated S), and then isopropanol is reacted with ammonia in the presence of the same catalyst and in the presence of hydrogen to give MIPA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture of ethylenediamine (EDA) and N-methylethylenediamine (Me-EDA) with a low content of Me-EDA, which comprises at least 99.5% by weight of ethylenediamine, and wherein the concentration of N-methylethylenediamine is in the range from 0.005 to 0.15% by weight. The present invention further relates to a process for distillative workup of a mixture comprising EDA, Me-EDA and water, by introducing the mixture into a distillation column which is operated at a column top pressure of 10 mbar to 4 bar, wherein the weight ratio of water to ethylenediamine in the mixture used is a*X:Y where X is the proportion by weight of water and Y is the proportion by weight of ethylenediamine at the azeotropic point of a binary mixture of water and ethylenediamine at the column top pressure in question, and a is a real number with a value of 0.9 or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing amonoalcohols (e.g., aminoalcohols that contain an amine group that is either unsubstituted, mono-substituted, or di-substituted) and to the products formed therefrom. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing aminoalcohols from a corresponding aminoaldehyde and to the products formed therefrom. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing aminoalcohols from a corresponding aminoaldehyde via a hydrogenation process using a suitable catalyst (e.g., Raney® Nickel) and to the products formed therefrom. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to aminoalcohols formed via direct hydrogenation from a corresponding aminoaldehyde without the intervening step of converting the aminoaldehyde starting material to a salt.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,2-difluoroethylamine of the formula (I) CHF2CH2NH2??(I) comprising the stages (i) and (ii): stage (i): reaction of 2,2-difluoro-1-haloethane of the formula (II) CHF2—CH2Hal??(II) in which Hal is chlorine, bromine or iodine, with prop-2-en-1-amine of the formula (III) to give N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)prop-2-en-1-amine of the formula (IV) preferably in the presence of an acid scavenger, and stage (ii): removal of the allyl group from the N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)prop-2-en-1-amine of the formula (IV) obtained in stage (i) to give 2,2-difluoroethylamine of the formula (I) or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of hexahydro-iso-alpha-acids starting from iso-alpha-acids (or tetrahydro-iso-alpha-acids) in which iso-alpha-acids (or tetrahydro-iso-alpha-acids) are mixed with a heterogeneous ruthenium containing catalyst, that catalyzes the hydrogenation from iso-alpha-acids or tetrahydro-iso-alpha-acids to hexahydro-iso-alpha-acids, either in solvent-free conditions, or in the presence of a solvent phase (e.g. carbon dioxide, water, ethanol or another organic solvent, or mixtures thereof), and in the absence or presence of other hop compounds (such as beta-acids).

Abstract: Convert a mixture of synthesis gas and ethylene to a product stream that contains at least one C3 oxygenate using a supported, heterogeneous catalyst represented by formula RhaAgbSncXdYeOx. In the formula, X is at least one transition element other than rhodium or silver, and Y is at least one element selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a glycol mono-tertiary-butyl ether compound using a C4 hydrocarbon mixture containing isobutene and a glycol compound as reactants, in which a glycol di-tertiary-butyl ether compound as a byproduct is decomposed into isobutene and a glycol compound and the obtained isobutene and glycol compound are recycled as reactants, whereby product yield per unit raw material may be maximized.

Abstract: Processes for producing 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene are provided, in particular such processes that utilize 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, paraformaldehyde, a secondary amine, mesitylene, and acetic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated process for the preparation of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol from terephthalic acid. Terephthalic acid is esterified with (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol and the terephthalate ester hydrogenated to 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol in a 2-stage process. The (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol that is formed during the hydrogenation step is recycled to the esterification reaction. Also disclosed is a method for purifying and recovering the 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol product.

Abstract: A hydrolyzed divinylarene dioxide resin composition including the reaction product of (a) a divinylarene dioxide, and (b) water; a process for making the hydrolyzed divinylarene dioxide resin composition; and a curable hydrolyzed divinylarene dioxide resin composition made therefrom. The cured product made from the above hydrolyzed divinylarene dioxide resin composition offers improved properties such as a lower viscosity and a high heat resistance compared to known cured products prepared from known epoxy resins.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for separating butanol. The method uses hydrophobic macroporous polymer adsorbent to separate butanol in a mixed solution, and the process comprises the following steps: 1) using macroporous polymer adsorbent to adsorb butanol in a mixed solution; 2) desorbing butanol from macroporous polymer adsorbent. The method is simple; the separation time is short; the efficiency of butanol recovery is high; and the separating cost is low.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a manufacturing process to produce high purity 1234yf from 245eb, which preferably includes the removal of impurities present in 245eb raw material, the dehydrofluorination of 245eb, and the removal of impurities present in final crude product. The disclosed manufacturing process allows the production of a 1234yf product with lower the levels of 1225ye and/or trifluoropropene, preferably in amounts of less than about 500, and 50 ppm, respectively.

Abstract: In the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), formation of HFC-254eb as an excessively reduced product is suppressed. A process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, which comprises reacting a raw material compound gas composed of at least one of 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and hydrogen gas, in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a catalyst having palladium supported on active carbon, and the ratio of the number of moles of the hydrogen gas to the number of moles of chlorine atoms in the raw material compound gas (H2/Cl) is at most 0.7.

Abstract: A method for increasing the cetane number of a fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, in order to reach a target cetane number X, is provided by adding to the composition a concentration c of an ignition improver, wherein c is lower than the concentration which theory would predict needed to be added in order to achieve the target. The ignition improver is preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and the fuel composition suitably a diesel or kerosene fuel. A fuel composition for use in a compression ignition engine, which has a cetane number of 85 or greater, and contains a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component and an ignition improver is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a substituted or unsubstituted 9,10-diarylanthracene including reacting an organometallic substituted or unsubstituted aryl compound with a substituted or unsubstituted anthraquinone to yield a substituted or unsubstituted diol; and reacting the substituted or unsubstituted diol with a reducing agent to yield the substituted or unsubstituted 9,10-diarylanthracene is disclosed. An electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer comprising the substituted or unsubstituted 9,10-diarylanthracene is also disclosed.