Abstract: The present application provides an integrated gasification combined cycle system. The integrated gasification combined cycle system may include a gas turbine engine, a syngas system for producing a syngas for the gas turbine engine and having a compressor therein, and a second gas engine in communication with the syngas system. The second gas engine dives the compressor via the syngas.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with complete carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor. The resulting partially oxidized stream that comprises a fuel gas is quenched, filtered, cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle CO2 stream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream is scrubbed to provide the recycle CO2 stream, which is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes bound assemblies with an inner diameter ring, struts, and an outer diameter ring. The strut is connected to the inner diameter ring and extends radially outward therefrom to connect to the outer diameter ring. A strain relief feature is disposed adjacent to or at the connection between the strut and the inner diameter ring and/or the outer diameter ring. The strain relief feature lengthens the arc segment of fillet curvature. For a constant thermal punch load, the lengthened arc segment of fillet curvature results in a decreased maximum strain in the bound assembly.

Abstract: An expansion engine operating on a Brayton cycle which is part of a system for producing refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures that includes a compressor, a counter-flow heat exchanger, and a load that may be remote, which is cooled by gas circulating from the engine. The engine has a piston in a cylinder which has nearly the same pressure above and below the piston while it is moving. Low pressure on a piston drive stem provides a force imbalance to move the piston towards the warm end.

Abstract: A method for eliminating ground fog which results from vaporizing cryogenic fluids using ambient air. The method includes the steps of drawing an ambient air stream through an ambient air vaporizer thereby cooling the air stream and vaporizing the cryogenic fluid, and then passing the cooled air stream through a vent stack. The method further includes isolating the inlet air stream from the cold outlet air stream and dispersing the cold air into the atmosphere upon leaving the stack. The method further controls the relationship of the stack exit location and the ambient air vaporizer to prevent a temperature depression in the air surrounding the vaporizer which depression causes reduced vaporizer performance.

Abstract: Control process of an expansion valve (EXV) situated in an air conditioning circuit in which circulates and flows a coolant, with the air conditioning circuit comprising at least a compressor (CMP), a condenser (CND) and an evaporator (EVP), characterized in that this control process includes the following steps or stages: when overheating is less than a threshold value, opening of the expansion valve is governed by a static control, and when overheating is higher than the threshold value, opening of the expansion valve is governed by a dynamic control.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are described for implementing and/or utilizing a vector component within an air-conditioning (a/c) system. In one embodiment, the vector component may be situated between a compressor and a condenser of the a/c system. Moreover, the vector component may receive a superheated vapor from the compressor and route the superheated vapor into one or more capillary tubes. The superheated vapor may be cooled to a liquid by exposing the superheated vapor to a sub-cooled liquid. The liquid may then be transferred to the condenser. Additionally, at least a portion of the sub-cooled liquid may be heated to a saturated vapor and routed back to the compressor, where the above process may be repeated.

Abstract: A pontoon that includes infrastructure for fluidically coupling a heat exchanger or heat exchanger module into each of the seawater and working-fluid distribution systems of an OTEC power generation system is provided. In some embodiments, a pontoon comprises: (1) a first passage for conveying seawater between a first port and a second port at which a heat exchanger module can be connected; and (2) a conduit and connectors for connecting the heat exchanger module and the working fluid circulation system—even while the heat exchanger module is submerged. In some embodiments, pontoons in accordance with the present invention enable heat exchangers or heat exchanger modules to be added or removed to an OTEC system without disrupting the operation of other heat exchangers or heat exchanger modules in use in the OTEC system.

Abstract: A system has first and second compressors (22, 180), a heat rejection heat exchanger (30), an ejector (38), a heat absorption heat exchanger (64), and a separator (48). The heat rejection heat exchanger (30) is coupled to the compressor to receive refrigerant compressed by the compressor. The ejector (38) has a primary inlet (40) coupled to the heat rejection exchanger (30) to receive refrigerant, a secondary inlet (42), and an outlet (44). The separator (48) has an inlet coupled to the outlet of the ejector to receive refrigerant from the ejector. The separator has a gas outlet (54) coupled to the compressor (22) to return refrigerant to the first compressor. The separator has a liquid outlet (52) coupled to the secondary inlet of the ejector to deliver refrigerant to the ejector (38). The heat absorption heat exchanger (64) is coupled to the liquid outlet of the separator to receive refrigerant. The second compressor (180) is between the separator and the ejector secondary inlet.

Abstract: A supercooling apparatus of the present invention is capable of regulating a supercooled state for an item at temperatures below a phase transition temperature and adjusting temperature of the item in the supercooled state, wherein the supercooling apparatus comprises a storage space for receiving liquid or a stored item containing liquid; a cooling means for cooling the liquid, the stored item, or the storage space to a temperature below zero; and a temperature regulating means for applying a controlled amount of energy to the liquid, to surface of the stored item, or to gas above the surface, thereby regulating a temperature of the liquid or the stored item below a maximum ice crystal formation temperature zone of the liquid or the stored item. Therefore, the supercooling apparatus can control a supercooling temperature that has the biggest influence on ecological preservation of liquid or a stored item.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration system has an engine driving an electric generator. A compressor is powered by the generator. At least one first electric fan is positioned to drive an airflow across a heat rejection heat exchanger. At least one second electric fan is positioned to drive an airflow across a heat absorption heat exchanger. A controller is coupled to the compressor and first and second fans. The controller is configured to: start the engine; engage the generator and at least one of the first fans before the engine has reached running speed; after the engine has reached running speed, start the compressor; and after starting the compressor, start at least one of the second fans.

Abstract: A cooling system that cools a wafer in a vacuum chamber of a sputtering apparatus, includes a wafer cooling stage for cooling the wafer, a cooling mechanism for cooling the wafer cooling stage, cooling gas supply units which introduces a cooling gas to the wafer cooling stage, a wafer rotating mechanism which holds the wafer in a state separated from the wafer cooling stage by a predetermined gap, and is rotated while holding the wafer, and a driving mechanism which rotates the wafer rotating mechanism at a predetermined rotational speed.

Abstract: A DX heating/cooling system includes an automatic hot gas by-pass valve (1) for preventing frosting of an interior heat exchanger/air handler (6) when the system is switched from the heating mode to the cooling mode, and a specially sized TXV (7) by-pass line (12), where the automatic hot gas by-pass valve (1) is positioned to provide hot gas at two optional locations, with one location before the cool liquid enters the air handler (6), and with the other location after the warmed vapor refrigerant exits the air handler (6).

Abstract: Provided is a refrigeration appliance including a fresh food compartment for storing food items in a refrigerated environment having a target temperature above zero degrees Centigrade. A freezer compartment is disposed at an elevation vertically below the fresh food compartment for storing food items in a sub-freezing environment having a target temperature below zero degrees Centigrade. The refrigeration appliance also includes one or more of a hand-removable insulated cover, a cool air duct for introducing cooled air adjacent an ice bin, and a rearward-sloped catch pan positioned to catch dripping water in said ice maker and direct the dripping water into a drain.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger cooled by air (1) comprising a plurality of ventilation modules (104) arranged in several parallel rows, adjacent to one another and placed in the same horizontal plane to form a ventilation structure (100) which is spaced from the ground (S) so as to promote circulation of air under the ventilation structure. Each ventilation module comprises a fan (106) directed to suction air present below the ventilation structure and blow it vertically through heat exchange elements (204). The exchanger further comprises at least one rigid panel (300) forming a windscreen which extends vertically from a lateral edge of the ventilation structure to the ground at a height (h) between 5 and 50% of the distance separating the ventilation structure from the ground.

Abstract: An air distillation unit comprises an air distillation column (10) suitable for producing a nominal flow of gaseous nitrogen, the top of said column being connected to a liquid nitrogen source (8), and operates by carrying out the following steps: a flow of compressed, cooled and purified air is sent to an exchanger (11) and then to the column, a flow of gaseous nitrogen is withdrawn from the column, the level of liquid at the bottom of the column is controlled; and injection liquid (20), sent from the source to the column, is no longer sent if the required production reduces to at most the nominal production. Application to the separation of air by cryogenic distillation.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a process for strengthening, by ion-exchange, the edges of an article separated from a large glass sheet after the sheet has been ion-exchanged to strengthen by exposing only the one or a plurality of the edges of the separated article to an ion-exchange medium (for example without limitation, a salt, paste, frit, glass) while the glass surface is maintained at temperatures less than 200° C.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus and products relate to drawing and blowing of ultra thin glass substrates, such as flexible display glass sheets, for example, organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and/or other flexible substrate applications, such as lighting, and/or other technologies, such as electro-wetting (EW), electro-phoretic display applications, etc. A localized heat source centripetally heats a vertical glass pre-form, while a pressurized air source blows the heated glass to expansion. An air bearing may centripetally blow air against the expanding pre-form to limit expansion and prevent contact of the pre-form with the localized heat source. Meanwhile, the pre-form is pulled vertically to draw the heated glass. The pre-form may float in a floatation mechanism to compensate for gravity when the pre-form is pulled upward. The blown and drawn pre-form may be cooled, coated with a polymer layer, and cut into a ribbon by in-line devices as it exits the air bearing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for severing a marked region of a glass strip (1) produced continuously on a conveyor belt (11), having the following characteristics: a) a line (12) highlighting the severing of the marked region is scored on the continuous glass strip (1), b) once the scored line (12) reaches the crusher roll (6), the two lock rolls (7, 8) following the crusher roll (6) are folded away downward, c) once the scored line (12) is located in the region of the highest area of the crusher roll (6), means for shearing off (5) push onto the glass strip (1) and break it off, d) after the broken-off glass piece (10) has dropped, the lock rolls (7, 8, 9) are folded back in the conveyor belt (11), and to a computer program and a machine-readable carrier with the program code thereof.

Abstract: A glass sheet is placed on a mold and heated to a first temperature. The glass sheet is then formed into a glass article having a three-dimensional shape using the mold. An isothermal heat transfer device comprising at least one heat pipe is provided in thermal contact with the mold. With the glass article on the mold and the isothermal heat transfer device in thermal contact with the mold, the glass article, mold, and isothermal heat transfer device are transported along a thermally-graded channel to cool the glass article to a second temperature. During the transporting, the isothermal heat transfer device transfers heat from a relatively hot region of the mold to a relatively cold region of the mold.

Abstract: A bushing system includes a bushing having a bottom plate with a plurality of holes from which filaments are drawn. At least one elongated support extends through the bushing generally along a longitudinal axis to hold and stabilize the bushing. To handle the harsh conditions under which the bushing is subjected, the support comprises an alumina-based ceramic that generally resists sagging or excessive expansion and contraction during heating and cooling.

Abstract: A washing machine and a laundry amount detection device thereof. The washing machine includes a cabinet, a tub provided in the cabinet, an elastic member to elastically support the tub at the cabinet, and a laundry amount detection device to detect an amount of laundry placed in the tub using a deformation amount of the elastic member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus according to one embodiment for determining laundry load size in an automatic clothes washer includes supplying water to predetermined water levels higher than a saturate water level and determining the amount of water supplied to reach each predetermined water level from a prior water level, and determining a load size based on the determined amount of water supplied between the current predetermined water level and the prior water level.

Abstract: A method of processing a leather material. The method may include providing a tanned and dried leather material and pre-stretching the leather material after the leather material is dried.

Abstract: A handcuff assembly comprising a pair of handcuff bodies retained to one another by one or more linkages. Each body extends between a pivot end and a body latching end. A locking arm is pivotally assembled to the handcuff body pivot end. A series of ratcheted teeth extend along a portion of each locking arm proximate an arm latching end. A first locking pawl is integrated into each handcuff body, wherein the first locking pawl is operated by a key to engage the pawl with the ratcheted teeth, retaining the handcuff assembly in a locked configuration. A second locking mechanism is provided at the pivot assembly, wherein the second locking mechanism resists pivotal motion of the locking arm when oriented into a locked configuration by way of rotating a key. The handcuff assembly requires rotation of two separate locking mechanisms by two separate key motions to unlock each locking arm.

Abstract: A padlock that can be locked and unlocked by both dials and a secondary opening mechanism, the padlock including a lock body, a shackle with a long leg and a short leg where the shackle can move between a locked configuration in which the short leg is secured in the lock body and an opened configuration in which the short leg is removable from the lock body. The padlock includes a combination mechanism, including a plurality of clutches mounted around the long leg of the shackle and corresponding dials mounted in the lock body each having teeth configured to engage with an extended fin of one of the clutches and a top cap seal configured to prevent the combination mechanism from being pulled apart from the lock body. A cam having a hole formed therein is configured to allow a key-user to decode a code used to unlock the padlock.

Abstract: A hidden shackle style lock is disclosed. The lock includes a substantially cylindrical housing having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a curved side surface. The lock also includes a first cavity on the bottom surface of the housing extending part way along a thickness of the housing, and a second cavity on the side surface intersecting with the first cavity. A hollow sleeve is slidably attached within the second cavity. The sleeve includes a first end face, a second end face, and a third cavity. The third cavity extends from the first end face to the second face and is substantially coaxial with the second cavity. A shackle having a first end and a second end is fixedly coupled to the first end face of the sleeve. The lock also includes an interchangeable core having a first locking mechanism and a second locking mechanism lockingly disposed within the third cavity, and coupled to the straight shackle.

Abstract: A system for detecting defects in a pipe wall, comprises an ultrasonic transducer which is arranged for emitting, via an exit opening, ultrasonic signals from the interior of the pipe towards its wall and for receiving, via an entrance opening, backscattered signals from the wall. The system is arranged to emit and receive a multitude of signals having their main directions within a plane mainly perpendicular to the pipe axis. The openings are configured to make the ultrasonic transmission signal diverge and/or to receive back signals from a diverging range of angles over a large area of the pipe wall, by using openings with a diameter with magnitude of the wavelength of the ultrasonic signals. Sets of emitted and backscattered signals for different emission and reception positions are processed, in processing means, to form an image based on transmission times between emission and reception of backscattered signals.

Abstract: A security assembly is configured for attachment to a hole saw having a cap defining a central mounting aperture. The security assembly includes a substantially cylindrical base portion having a central axis. A handle portion is coupled to the cylindrical base portion and defines a tag cavity for housing a security tag. An extension member extends opposite the handle portion from the base portion along the central axis. The extension member engages the central mounting aperture of the hole saw.

Abstract: A bicycle link having one or more openings that can be ?-shaped and having a slider that closes a portion of the one or more openings is disclosed. The slider can be secured in place in relation to the bicycle link with a padlock or the like being placed in aligned holes in the slide and it the portion of the bicycle link containing the slider. Cables, chains and the like are placed in the openings and secured to immovable objects. When the slider is locked in place to close a portion of the openings, this arrangement secures the bicycle.

Abstract: A tool kit for unlocking a door knob lock set which bypasses the cylinder and pin pairs which normally must be aligned properly with the proper key. The tool kit includes a pin lifting tool which is used to move the pins so that a forked tool is inserted into the key way, through the cylinder, through an aperture in the end of the cylinder and on to the shaft which must be turned to unlock the lock. The forked tool straddles the shaft and then the forked tool is turned, thereby turning the shaft and unlocking the lock.

Abstract: A system allows the remote entry of pin data to manufacture a customized lock cylinder assembly. A remote computer communicates with a cylinder manufacturing system (or website) to upload user-selected pin data. The pin data may be stored for future reorders or additional orders. A pinning machine receives the pin data and automatically selects pins to manufacture a customized lock cylinder assembly. The lock cylinder assembly may be completed in seconds and shipped to the user thereby eliminating the need for manual lock customization. In addition, key code data may be provided to a key manufacturing system to automatically manufacture keys corresponding to the customized lock cylinder assembly.

Abstract: Described herein are several versions of concealed handcuff keys including a key concealed within a pouch as a zipper pull, a key concealed as a common pen cap/clip, a key concealed as a coin, a key concealed as a bootlace/shoelace end, and a key concealed within a receiver in the back side of a belt buckle.

Abstract: An impact treatment method for improving fatigue characteristics of a welded joint comprising pressing an impact pin against the surface of a base metal material near a toe of a weld bead and making it move relatively to the weld line direction to apply hammer peening treatment or ultrasonic impact treatment, characterized by using as the impact pin an impact pin having a tip curvature radius of ½ or less of a thickness of the metal material and between 2 to 10 mm and, on a surface of a base metal material up to a range where a distance from the toe of the weld bead to the center of the impact treatment position is within 2.5 times the tip curvature radius of the impact pin and where the impact pin does not contact the weld metal during impact treatment, applying hammer peening or ultrasonic impact treatment so as to cause by the impact pin residual plastic deformation where an impact dent has a groove depth of 0.

Abstract: An evaluation method of residual stress in water jet peening includes a step of creating an analytical model including meshes according to a water jet peening (WJP) object, the shape of a nozzle, and an injection distance, a step of inputting WJP execution conditions, a step of calculating the internal pressure pBi of a cavitation bubble and a bubble number density ngi through jet flow analysis for a jet flow jetting from the nozzle, a step of calculating cavitation energy according to the internal pressure pBi of a cavitation bubble and a bubble number density ngi (S4), a step of calculating the burst energy of cavitation bubbles from the cavitation energy C, and a step of calculating the compressive residual stress of the WJP object from the collapse pressure of cavitation bubbles. Accordingly, the residual stress of the WJP object can be evaluated precisely in a shorter time.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of uniformly heating, rheologically softening, and thermoplastically forming metallic glasses rapidly into a net shape using a rapid capacitor discharge forming (RCDF) tool in combination with an electromagnetic force generated by the interaction of the applied current with a transverse magnetic field. The RCDF method utilizes the discharge of electrical energy stored in a capacitor to uniformly and rapidly heat a sample or charge of metallic glass alloy to a predetermined “process temperature” between the glass transition temperature of the amorphous metal and the equilibrium melting point of the alloy in a time scale of several milliseconds or less, at which point the interaction between the electric field and the magnetic field generates a force capable of shaping the heated sample into a high quality amorphous bulk article via any number of techniques including, for example, injection molding, dynamic forging, stamp forging, and blow molding in a time scale of less than one second.

Abstract: An arm material for an upper arm or a lower arm is provided which constitutes a double wishbone suspension or the like of an automobile and which has a flat, hollow, closed cross-sectional shape and enables further decreases in size, decreases in weight, and increases in strength. An arm material for an automobile suspension has a body made from a parts material made by metal. The parts material made by metal has a flat, hollow, closed cross-sectional shape having a pair of opposing long sides and is formed from a single member in its lengthwise direction. The body has at least a first bent portion which is bent in a plane roughly parallel to the pair of long sides.

Abstract: A bent member having a bent portion with an extremely small bend radius is manufactured by supporting a rectangular tube by a first support means disposed at a first position A while performing relative feeding of the rectangular tube in its lengthwise direction, locally heating the rectangular tube by a heating means disposed at a second position B, cooling the rectangular tube by a cooling means disposed at a third position C, and at the time of working, applying a shear force to the heated portion of the rectangular tube with a shear force applying means 14 disposed in a downstream region D by moving the device 14 two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally simultaneously in the feed direction of the rectangular tube and in a direction generally parallel to a transverse cross section in the lengthwise direction of the rectangular tube which was heated by the heating means.

Abstract: A forging mold includes a female mold and a male mold coupling with the female mold. The female mold includes an external mold defining an accommodating groove for receiving an internal mold and a pressing block therein, and a first fixing hole penetrating through the external mold and connected with the accommodating groove. The pressing block has a gap opened at a bottom portion thereof and adjacent to the internal mold. The internal mold has a base body and a blocking protrusion protruded from a bottom portion of the base body to be pressed in the gap. A first fixing element is screwed into the first fixing hole of the external mold with a distal end thereof resisting against the pressing block to further press the pressing block towards the internal mold so as to secure the internal mold and the pressing block in the accommodating groove.

Abstract: A workpiece bending method of forming a final formed article that has two surfaces on opposite sides of an inclined area, in which an inclined area is made up of a first bend portion, a second bend portion, and a flat surface portion, includes: cantilevering an end portion of a workpiece by a stationary die and a holding member; and curving an area in the workpiece that corresponds to the flat surface portion by moving a movable die to the stationary die so that the movable die presses a free-end side of the workpiece, and then forming the first bend portion and the second bend portion, and unbending the area in the workpiece that corresponds to the flat surface portion of the inclined area, by causing the movable die to press the workpiece to the stationary die.

Abstract: A pair of pliers including an upper jaw, a lower jaw, two handles, and a pivot. The upper jaw and the lower jaw combine to form a gripping jaw capable of opening and closing. The upper jaw is in the shape of an inner arc, and the lower jaw is in the shape of an outer arc. The inner arc includes a concave hole, and the outer arc includes a convex member corresponding to the concave hole. The two handles are integrated with the upper jaw and the lower jaw, respectively, and fixed via the pivot to form a cross connection.

Abstract: A necking machine (1) having a plurality of processing stations on a rotating tool carrier (7). The motion of the tool carrier (7) with respect to the work pieces is carried out by a crankshaft (25). This is carried out by a non-constant gear. The gear includes two non-round gearwheels (21, 23) that improve a rotational-speed profile of the crankshaft (25) and thus a velocity profile, in particular, in an area of the dead center.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and system are provided to calibrate a sensor array with a plurality of sensors. The method can include sweeping a voltage of a reference electrode from a first voltage to a second voltage, where the reference electrode is in fluid communication with the sensor array. The output voltage of each of the plurality of sensors can be monitored at one or more voltages within the first and second voltages. An overall average gain of the plurality of sensors can be calculated at each of the one or more voltages. Further, an acquisition window for the sensor may can be determined. The acquisition window can include a maximum distribution of sensors that provides a maximal overall average gain at a particular reference electrode voltage.

Abstract: A fluid level measurement apparatus supports multiple fluid level sensors of different types, each of which detects a level of fluid and produces an output indicative of the detected fluid level in a different way. The fluid level measurement apparatus is connected to any one of the supported fluid level sensors to measure the fluid level. The fluid level measurement apparatus includes a calculation circuit, multiple output circuits, a determination circuit, and a selection circuit. The calculation circuit calculates the fluid level from a detection voltage. Each output circuit generates the detection voltage based on the output of a corresponding fluid level sensor. The determination circuit determines the connected fluid level sensor. The selection circuit selects the output circuit corresponding to the determined fluid level sensor and allows the calculation circuit to obtain the detection voltage generated by the selected output circuit.

Abstract: An impact test fixture includes a rolling frame structure, a ballast attachment feature coupled to the rolling frame structure, a position-adjustable attachment assembly coupled to the rolling frame structure, and a specimen attachment member coupled to the position-adjustable attachment assembly. The specimen attachment member is adjustable in a vertical direction and a transverse direction relative to the rolling frame structure.

Abstract: A gas chromatography device adapted for detecting leakage of hydrogen gas without using an air pump and long piping is provided. The gas chromatography device includes: a column oven having a housing, a column disposed in the housing, and a heater heating air in the housing; a sample vaporization chamber supplying a sample to an inlet end of the column; a carrier gas supply section supplying a carrier gas to the sample vaporization chamber; a detector connected to an outlet end of the column; a controller controlling the heater and the carrier gas supply section; and a hydrogen gas detecting sensor. The carrier gas is hydrogen gas. A through hole is formed in the housing and a material that allows hydrogen to pass through but does not transmit heat is disposed in the through hole. The hydrogen gas detecting sensor is disposed near the through hole outside the housing.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a generated gas collecting method collects a generated gas after exposing the interior of a chamber to an organic gas having a boiling point higher than that of the generated gas.

Abstract: A gas sensor having high detection sensitivity and a low output signal noise includes a laminate of thermistor ceramic, a catalytic electrode, an internal electrode, and external electrodes. When coming into contact with a detection target gas, the catalytic electrode generates heat, and the resistance of a thermistor layer of a sensing portion is decreased. Since the heat generated by the catalytic electrode is directly transferred to the thermistor layer without passing through an insulating layer or the like, high detection sensitivity is obtained. In addition, the structure can be formed in which heat of the sensing portion is insulated by a hollow portion and heat diffusion is prevented, so that the heat capacity of the sensing portion is further decreased.

Abstract: A substance detection sensor includes an insulating layer; two electrodes spaced in opposed relation to each other on the insulating layer; and conductive layers formed between the two electrodes on the insulating layer so as to electrically connect the two electrodes, and of which a swelling ratio varies depending on the type and/or amount of a specific gas. The conductive layers are formed by dividing into plural layers between the two electrodes.

Abstract: A system and process for detecting the place of leakage from umbilical hoses. This system includes an internal device (PIG) which is inserted in the hose of the umbilical cable which is leaking and external detecting equipment which is intended to identify the position of the PIG device which is already inside the umbilical. The device which is inserted in the umbilical and which is known as a PIG, is made of metal and the external detecting equipment comprises two parts: one formed by a ring which surrounds the umbilical, having a sensor system and another part which has the electronics, capable of identifying the presence of the PIG and, with this, modifying the signal, so that it can be identified. The system is presented as a process for detecting the exact place of leakage from umbilical hoses and the technology tested is easy to operate and the inspection is carried out at a good speed and continuously, without creating waste.