Abstract: A brake force generator for a motor vehicle brake system, comprises a displaceable force input element connected or connectable to a brake pedal, a control valve actuable in accordance with a displacement of the force input element, a chamber arrangement disposed in a booster housing and controllable by the control valve and comprises at least one vacuum chamber and at least one working chamber, which are separated from one another by at least one movable wall connected to the control valve, and a force output element for supplying a brake force to a downstream brake system, wherein the control valve with the force output element is biased by a resetting spring into a normal position, wherein the resetting spring is supported by its one end against the control valve.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for a vehicle, a brake control unit includes: a master cylinder state variable detecting section configured to detect a master cylinder state variable related to a state of a master cylinder; a first regenerative braking force calculating section configured to calculate a first regenerative braking force when the master cylinder state variable detected by the master cylinder state variable detecting section is smaller than a predetermined state variable; a second regenerative braking force calculating section configured to calculate a second regenerative braking force when the master cylinder state variable detected by the master cylinder state variable detecting section is equal to or larger than a predetermined state variable; and a braking control section configured to calculate the liquid pressure braking force on a basis of at least one of the calculated first and second regenerative braking forces.

Abstract: A brake control apparatus has a master cylinder pressure detection section that detects a master cylinder pressure produced by driver's brake operation, a pump that draws brake fluid in a master cylinder and discharges the brake fluid to a wheel cylinder that is provided in a wheel, and a control unit that controls a wheel cylinder pressure in response to the detected master cylinder pressure. The control unit has a master cylinder pressure correction section that corrects the detected master cylinder pressure in accordance with a discharge flow quantity of the pump, and a wheel cylinder pressure control section that controls the wheel cylinder pressure by the brake fluid discharged from the pump on the basis of the corrected master cylinder pressure.

Abstract: A brake apparatus includes: a master cylinder generating a master cylinder fluid pressure; a wheel brake device applying a braking force to the wheels; a control fluid pressure generation device including a fluid pressure control valve and a fluid pressure pump; an electric motor driving the fluid pressure pump; a control fluid pressure setting unit setting a control fluid pressure; wherein the control fluid pressure generation device rotates the electric motor to circulate a brake fluid and applies a control current to the fluid pressure control valve to thus generate the control fluid pressure in the fluid pressure control valve, and a target rotation number setting unit configured to calculate a pump-necessary discharge flow rate and a brake fluid amount, and set a target rotation number of the electric motor based on the pump-necessary discharge flow rate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a chain drive assembly for a work machine, in particular for a crawler-mounted crane or a crawler excavator, having a drive crawler track, at least one displaceably supported sprocket wheel, in particular a guide wheel or idler wheel, and at least one tensioning device to tension the crawler track, wherein at least one abutment is provided which bounds the displacement of the displaceably supported sprocket wheel. The present disclosure further relates to a work machine, in particular to a crawler-mounted crane or a crawler excavator, having such a chain drive assembly.

Abstract: A storage system for storing contents is provided. The storage system includes a retractable vertical cabinet having a handle, at least a first and second pivoting support member pivotally attached to at least an exterior side of the retractable vertical cabinet and a support structure. The storage system further includes a lift adjuster and a rotating adjustment screw threadably connected allowing for adjustment of a lift assist mechanism, which is connected to the first pivoting support member and the lift adjuster, to accommodate for varied loads.

Abstract: A cabinet and a door are each provided with hinge sets having hinge parts secured thereto so that they can be separately mounted on the same hinge parts that are mounted on a door frame and are connected by a hinge pin for each hinge set that support the door on the door frame, using a single hinge pin for and as a part of each hinge set. With this mounting arrangement, the cabinet and the door of each such installation can move independently in an arc about the hinge pins connecting the door frame parts to the hinge parts fastened to the door and the hinge parts fastened to the cabinet without requiring the movement of the door concurrently with the movement of the cabinet.

Abstract: A pull-out guide for drawers includes a body rail to be fastened to a furniture body and at least one pull-out rail that can be moved relative to the body rail. The guide also includes an adjustment device by which a position of a drawer that is connected or can be connected to the pull-out rail can be adjusted. The adjustment device includes at least one retaining pin that can be inserted in a provided borehole of the drawer and a bearing part mounted on the pull-out rail. The bearing part is arranged at the rear end of the pull-out rail and extends at a distance to an upper side of the pull-out rail in a substantially horizontal direction in the longitudinal direction of the pull-out rail, wherein the bearing part is mounted adjustably inside the retaining pin.

Abstract: Sliding shelves (2a, 2b, 4a, 4b) are provided for refrigerators and freezers, which have a movement along side support guides (1) that enable the retracting, fitting and bounce of the shelves, allowing the choice of different configurations for the inner space of the household appliance, according to the area to be used to store food. This configuration enables different arrangement of shelves, including: extended shelves, retracted shelves, vertically bounced shelves, or even, in an associated form, an extended shelf and another bounced one.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink container rotatable to take a first position and a second position, including an ink reservoir containing ink; and first and second detecting sensors connected to a detecting unit that determines whether the ink reservoir contains a predetermined amount of the ink based on current flowing through the first and second detecting sensors. The first and second detecting sensors are provided to face directions different from each other such that whether the ink reservoir contains a first predetermined amount of the ink for the first position is determined based on whether the first detecting sensor contacts the ink when the ink container takes the first position, and whether the ink reservoir contains a second predetermined amount of the ink for the second position is determined based on whether the second detecting sensor contacts the ink when the ink container takes the second position.

Abstract: There is provided an image processing method in which in a full line type inkjet printer using a connecting head having an overlap region, even if a conveyance direction of a print medium is more or less inclined, a density change or degradation of graininess is not introduced. Therefore, an image data in a non-overlap region is distributed to a plurality of nozzle arrays such that ink is ejected from all the plurality of the nozzle arrays. On the other hand, a region where a print allowance rate changes in the overlap region is divided into plural regions, and the image data is distributed to the plurality of the nozzle arrays such that these regions are located to be shifted.

Abstract: A liquid ejection apparatus includes a head for ejecting liquid, a cap unit for sealing an ejection surface of the head, a humidified air supply mechanism including a storing part for storing humidifying liquid and for performing a humidifying operation, a discharge unit discharges liquid from the head, a control unit for controlling the humidifying operation and a liquid discharge operation, and a detection unit for detecting whether the humidifying liquid is stored in the storing part. When the detection unit detects that no humidifying liquid is stored in the storing part, the control unit controls the discharge unit such that a liquid discharge amount from the head in the liquid discharge operation is larger than that of a case where the detection unit detects that the humidifying liquid is stored in the storing part.

Abstract: Calculating a difference between a hue angle of a colorimetric value of a printed object with respect to diffuse reflection and the hue angle of a colorimetric value of the printed object with respect to specular reflection, calculating the difference between a standard chroma with respect to an observational light source and the chroma of the colorimetric value of the printed object with respect to specular reflection under the observational light source, and calculating a bronzing index value on the basis of a value obtained by multiplying the calculated difference of the hue angles by the calculated difference of the chromas.

Abstract: An ink-jet printing method includes the steps of dividing multiple ink droplet discharging pulses into two or more groups in an ink droplet discharging order, providing the multiple ink droplet discharging pulses to a pressure generator per scan line time, and discharging ink droplets from an ink droplet discharge head in accordance with the multiple ink droplet discharging pulses. The method further includes the steps of combining ink droplets of a former group as a first combined ink droplet, combining ink droplets of a latter group as a second combination droplet, combining the second combined ink droplet of the latter group with that of former group before the ink droplets reach a target, and maintaining a prescribed amount of ink droplets landing on the target by decreasing the number of ink droplet discharging pulses.

Abstract: A printer has a plurality of dischargers for discharging ink, a detector for detecting an electric signal SW, and an inspector unit for inspecting the dischargers on the basis of the electric signal SW; and a grounding terminal connecting a drive element of a discharger being inspected is electrically disconnected from another grounding terminal and a grounding line GL when the electric signal SW is detected by the detector.

Abstract: A fire pulse circuit for use in an inkjet printer includes an input control signal transmitted from a controller to a logic AND gate and to fire truncation logic; fire truncation logic adapted to truncate a pulse width of the input control signal to a maximum allowable pulse width if the duration of the pulse exceeds a maximum allowable time; a logic AND gate that receives inputs from both the input control signal and the fire truncation logic to produce an output fire pulse signal that operates to optimally fire an inkjet heater driver logic to heat the heater to nucleate ink from the print head. The circuit is formed from either a combination of digital and analog components or from exclusively digital components. A method of using the circuit to generate an output fire pulse to an inkjet heater driver logic is also disclosed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a recording head and a driving waveform generator. The recording head has a nozzle, a liquid chamber, and a pressure generator. The driving waveform generator is connected to the pressure generator to generate and output a driving waveform including a plurality of driving pulses per driving cycle to eject a droplet from the nozzle. A last one of the driving pulses includes a first expansion waveform element, a first retaining waveform element, a first contraction waveform element, a second retaining waveform element, a second contraction waveform element, a third retaining waveform element, and a second expansion waveform element. The first contraction waveform element has a potential difference greater than a potential difference of the first expansion waveform element. The second contraction waveform element has a time period longer than a time period of the first contraction waveform element.

Abstract: A print area is a print target region by a recording unit on a sheet (recording medium). First, in first lateral scanning, raster lines (white beads) of a base image are printed by moving a recording unit in a main scanning direction by using nozzles arranged in a sub-scanning direction and printing of total M passes is performed while shifting the recording unit for each pass in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction.

Abstract: An ink jet printing apparatus, for each level, employs a plurality of density patterns to prevent cancellation of a granularity reduction effect that has been provided by an increase in resolution. Specifically, when determining an arrangement of dot-on areas in the density pattern, the dot-on areas is not located in the areas of a first row of the each of the plurality of density patterns. Thereby, whitish areas appear with the same cycle as a use cycle of the density patterns in a longitudinal direction and thus the whitish areas is not unevenly located. As a result, granularity is prevented from increasing.

Abstract: To provide technology that can reduce the possibility of an image becoming blurry with a printing device for printing images on a printing medium. A printing device is equipped with an affixing part for affixing on a printing medium ink containing a special glossy ink having reflectance angle dependence as an optical characteristic, and a controller for controlling the operation of the printing device. The controller uses the affixing part to form a base layer by affixing the special glossy ink on the printing medium, and after the base layer is formed, forms an image layer representing an image by affixing on the base layer special glossy ink and, among the inks noted above, ink other than the special glossy ink.

Abstract: A method of printing an image on a receiving medium includes increasing the number of pixels in each row of a part of the image by x pixels, resulting in the part of the image including m by n+x pixels; assigning a printing element to each added pixel; identifying pixels to which a compensating printing element of the defective printing element is assigned; changing the value of at least one identified pixel into an integer value greater than zero; increasing the first printer resolution in the main-scanning direction to a second printer resolution by multiplying the first printer resolution in the main-scanning direction with a factor equal to (n+x)/n; and printing the part of the image according to the second printer resolution in the main-scanning direction and according to the values of the pixels of the part of the image.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a printing device, wherein the printing device uses ink including pigment ink and dye ink to form a printed image on a print medium, and discharges an ink quantity according to a voltage value of a drive voltage to form ink dots on the print medium. In this printing device, the voltage value of the drive voltage for creating ink dots is corrected.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a head unit that ejects ink and a control unit that forms a metallic image by causing metallic ink that includes metallic particles to be ejected onto a medium from the head unit are provided, wherein the control unit changes the amount of the metallic ink that is ejected per unit area of the medium based on the gradation values of the pixels that configure the metallic image while causing the metallic image to have a predetermined width or greater.

Abstract: A fluid discharge head semiconductor device, comprising a terminal unit including first pad group including a plurality of pads, a processing unit configured to process input information from the first pad group, a printing unit including a plurality of printing elements configured to discharge a printing material in accordance with a result of the processing, and an inspection output unit including second pad group including at least one pad and an output buffer unit, wherein the processing unit outputs information on an inspection of an operation to the inspection output unit, and the inspection output unit drives the output buffer unit to output the information to the second pad group when performing an inspection, and suppresses the driving of the output buffer unit when performing printing.

Abstract: A method of preparing a two-dimensional bit-mapped image is disclosed in which the image has n pixels per row for printing using one or more printheads each having a row of ejection locations. Each ejection location has associated ejection electrodes to which a voltage is applied sufficient to cause particulate agglomerations to be formed from within a body of printing fluid. In order to cause charged particulate agglomerations to be ejected as printed droplets from selected ejection locations, voltage pulses of predetermined amplitude and duration, as determined by the respective bit values of the individual pixels of rows of the image, are applied to the electrodes of the selected ejection locations.

Abstract: In an inkjet head, at least one of a plurality of nozzle arrays to eject ink of different colors from one another is arranged with nozzles displaced in position from nozzles of the other nozzle arrays in an arrangement direction of the nozzles. A controller is configured to reduce an amount of ink to be ejected to a pixel at an end portion of an image on one side in the arrangement direction from a nozzle array of the plurality of nozzle arrays having a nozzle protruding to the one side the most among the nozzles of the nozzle arrays for a same ejection target pixel.

Abstract: Some of the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for generating each of (i) a first signal and (ii) a second signal based at least in part on a position of a carriage, where the carriage is a component of a printing device, estimating (i) a major cycle duration associated with the first signal and (ii) a first minor cycle duration associated with the second signal, estimating a position of the carriage based at least in part on the estimated major cycle duration and the estimated first minor cycle duration, and generating a plurality of print synchronization pulses based at least in part on the estimated position of the carriage.

Abstract: One of the two flow passages branches from one of two ink cartridges to one of the two discharging portions and one of the two individual discharging portions. The other flow passage branches from the other ink cartridge to the other discharging portion and the other individual discharging portion. A ratio of frequency of use of each of the discharging portions, Ra, and frequency of use of each of the individual discharging portions, Rb, satisfies Ra:Rb=1:1/2.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: a first lookup table storage device which stores a first lookup table; a second lookup table storage device which stores a second lookup table; a halftone table storage device which stores a halftone table; a third lookup table generating device which generates a third lookup table by extracting a portion of the data from the second lookup table; a third lookup table storage device which stores the third lookup table; an evaluation processing device which performs calculation for evaluating a liquid ejection volume, on the basis of the evaluation input signal, the first lookup table, the third lookup table, the halftone table and the liquid volume per dot; and an adjusting device which adjusts the ejection volume on the basis of the evaluation results, in such a manner that the liquid ejection volume does not exceed a specified value.

Abstract: A data generation apparatus for generating image data used for printing an image on a print medium by using a printing apparatus having an adjusting function for increasing and/or decreasing a conveyance amount by which the print medium is conveyed in a conveyance direction with respect to a standard conveyance amount used when an image with a specified size is printed includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire an adjustment amount of the conveyance amount, and a changing unit configured to change a size of the image data corresponding to the conveyance direction of the print medium according to the adjustment amount acquired by the acquisition unit.

Abstract: A transport method for transporting a long medium in a recording apparatus is performed using a transport control section. The transport control section performs, in a case where a first motor and a second motor are driven so as to transport a long sheet to the downstream side in a transport direction, prescribed processing that is different from the processing in a case where the deflection amount of the sheet becomes equal to or greater than a reference amount, in a case where the deflection amount of the sheet between a shaft member and a sending roller in the transport direction does not become equal to or greater than the reference amount.

Abstract: A short detection apparatus, system and method detect short circuits in an inkjet printhead using a comparison of measured current consumption and an estimate of current consumption based on print data. The apparatus includes a current sensor to measure current consumed by the printhead to eject a droplet of ink, a current estimator to estimate a current consumption of the printhead due to print data provided to the printhead, and a comparator to compare the measured consumed current to the estimated consumed current. A short circuit in the printhead is indicated when the comparison exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for mounting printing heads for depositing fluids on a printing surface. The invention more particularly relates to a printing head mounting for improving the deposition precision and properties for a plurality of fluids. In order to do so, the present invention provides a printing head mounting having a geometric revolution axis about which are provided at least two means for maintaining printing heads. To this end, the invention provides a printing head holder that comprises at least two means (4) for maintaining printing heads (6) as well as anchoring means (10) for an observation module (12), characterized in that it comprises a geometric revolution axis (1) about which are provided the means (4) for maintaining the printing heads (6).

Abstract: A liquid-discharging device includes a nozzle that discharges liquid including a substance having sedimentation properties, a liquid supply channel, an inspection part, stirring part and a control part. The inspection part brings the liquid to be discharged from the nozzle to a first electric potential by a first electrode, discharges the liquid toward a second electrode of a second electric potential, and inspects a discharge state of the liquid based on a change of an electrostatic capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode. The control part causes the nozzle to eject the liquid in order to substitute the liquid in an area downstream side than a predetermined area with the liquid stirred by the stirring part in the predetermined area. The control part determines a timing of ejection completion of the liquid based on the change of the electrostatic capacitance.

Abstract: An inkjet recording apparatus includes a recording head which includes an ejection surface having a plurality of ejection ports which eject ink, a wiping unit which includes a wiping member which wipes the ejection surface and a reeling unit which reels the wiping member, a remaining amount obtaining unit which obtains a remaining amount of the wiping member, and a use amount estimation unit which estimates a use amount of the wiping member in accordance with recording data. The inkjet recording apparatus controls a wiping operation performed by the wiping unit in accordance with the remaining amount and the estimated use amount.

Abstract: A liquid discharge device includes a head, a carriage, an optical sensor and an outlet port. The head is configured and arranged to discharge liquid. The carriage is configured and arranged to move the head in a prescribed direction. The optical sensor is provided on the carriage further to an edge part side in the prescribed direction than the head, and configured and arranged to detect presence or absence of foreign matter when the carriage is moving in the prescribed direction. The outlet port is provided on the carriage so that air is blown through the outlet port from behind a surface of the optical sensor toward a front.

Abstract: The inkjet textile printing method includes: printing onto a first fabric with a first textile printing colored liquid using a step for ejecting a first penetrant liquid from a first nozzle onto a first surface of the first fabric and a step for ejecting the first textile printing colored liquid from a second nozzle onto the first surface; printing onto a second fabric with a second textile printing colored liquid using a step for ejecting a second penetrant liquid from the first nozzle onto a first surface of the second fabric and a step for ejecting the second textile printing colored liquid from the second nozzle onto the first surface; and discharging at least one of the first penetrant liquid and the second penetrant liquid from the second nozzle between printing with the first textile printing colored liquid and printing with the second textile printing colored liquid.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a recording head having a nozzle surface on which multiple nozzles to eject droplets are arranged in a line; a suction device; and a cap to cover the nozzle surface of the recording head. The cap includes a suction hole to connect a space formed by the cap and the nozzle surface with the suction device; an air hole to connect the space with air; and an absorbent located inside the cap. The top surface of the absorbent is retracted from the contact portion of the cap to be contacted with the nozzle surface so that when the nozzle surface is capped with the cap, a flow passage is secured between the air hole to the suction hole without obstructed by the absorbent.

Abstract: A maintenance device includes a liquid absorption body which absorbs a liquid which is attached to a nozzle forming surface by abutting the nozzle forming surface of a liquid ejecting head in which a plurality of nozzle rows configured of a plurality of nozzles ejecting the liquid are provided in parallel, wherein the liquid absorption body has a penetration suppressing section which suppresses the spread of the liquid due to penetration of the liquid absorbed from the nozzle forming surface of the liquid ejecting head, and wherein the penetration suppressing section is disposed between the nozzle rows ejecting the liquids of different colors from each other in a direction intersecting the nozzle row direction, in a case where the liquid absorption body abuts the nozzle forming surface of the liquid ejecting head.

Abstract: A liquid ejection apparatus includes: a liquid ejection head; a long wiping member configured to come in contact with and wipe a liquid ejection face of the head; a wiping member conveyance device configured to drive the wiping member to be conveyed in a lengthwise direction of the wiping member; a pressing member configured to cause the wiping member to come in contact and pressed against the liquid ejection face when the pressing member is placed at a first position; and a slack elimination mechanism configured to push down the pressing member to a second position lower than the first position before the wiping member is brought into contact with the liquid ejection face, and to stop pushing the pressing member so as to move the pressing member along with the wiping member to the first position to bring the wiping member into contact with the liquid ejection face.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a carriage, a drive mechanism, a flexible harness, and a support member. The carriage includes a recording head to jet liquid droplets. The drive mechanism, which moves the carriage in a main scanning direction, includes a belt extending in the main scanning direction. The flexible harness, connecting the recording head and another unit, transmits signals between the recording head and another unit. The support member supports the flexible harness in an upright position over the belt. The flexible harness is routed at least partially in the main scanning direction of the carriage. The support member includes a regulation member at an exit portion of the support member to set a vertical height of the support member at the regulation member smaller than a width of the flexible harness.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a main carriage to move and scan in a main scanning direction, a sub-carriage connectable to the main carriage to move and scan in the main scanning direction together with the main carriage, a positioning guide provided on one of the main carriage and the sub-carriage, and a position detector provided on the other one of the main carriage and the sub-carriage. The position detector reads the positioning guide as the main carriage and the sub-carriage connect to each other to detect relative positions of the main carriage and the sub-carriage.

Abstract: A printing system including a substrate support and an ink deposition unit. The ink distribution unit deposits liquid ink onto a substrate positioned on the substrate support. The system allows for relative movement between the substrate support and the ink deposition unit. After printing, the ink deposition unit rotates to be oriented with the longitudinal axis of the next image segment to be printed and wherein the rotation does not affect the image resolution. The system can print at least two axial images sharing at least one common image portion and having an angle between their longitudinal axes less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: A micro-fluid ejection head has multiple ejection chips joined adjacently to create a lengthy array across a media to-be-imaged. The chips have fluid firing elements arranged along skewed fluid vias to enable seamless stitching of fluid ejections. The firing elements are energized to eject fluid and ones are spaced according to colors or fluid types. Overlapping firing elements serve redundancy efforts during imaging for reliable print quality. Variable chips sizes and shapes are disclosed as are relationships between differently colored fluid vias. Skew angles range variously each with noted advantages. Singulating chips from larger wafers provide still further embodiments.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a recording element substrate including an electrode pad, a support member including a recess that supports the recording element substrate on a bottom surface thereof, an electric wiring member, and a sealant. The electric wiring member includes an opening through which the recording element substrate is exposed, an electric lead wire extending from the opening and connected to the electrode pad, and a protrusion formed in the opening and extending between a side surface of the recording element substrate and an inner side surface of the recess facing the side surface. A distal end of the protrusion is in contact with the bottom surface of the recess. The sealant is disposed in a region surrounded by a surface of the protrusion, the bottom surface of the recess, the inner side surface of the recess, and the side surface of the recording element substrate.

Abstract: There are provided a piezoelectric actuator, an inkjet head assembly, and a method of manufacturing the same. The piezoelectric actuator includes: upper and lower electrodes providing driving voltage; and a piezoelectric substance formed between the upper and lower electrodes through solidifying a liquid piezoelectric substance, and providing driving force to ink in each of a plurality of pressure chambers provided in an inkjet head, wherein the piezoelectric substance includes a plurality of branch portions individually provided on an upper portion of each of the plurality of pressure chambers and a large area portion integrally provided while being connected to each of the plurality of branch portions at one ends of the plurality of branch portions.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a piezoelectric element having a first electrode, a piezoelectric body layer, and a second electrode, in which the piezoelectric body layer is formed of complex oxide of a pevroskite structure including at least bismuth, barium, iron, and titanium, and the mole ratio of titanium to barium (Ti/Ba) is 1.17 or more, and 1.45 or less.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head for discharging liquid from nozzle openings is provided. The liquid ejecting head includes a piezoelectric element comprising a piezoelectric film inserted between electrodes with buffer layer on one or two surfaces of the piezoelectric film, wherein the piezoelectric film is made from barium titanate-based composition having a perovskite structure containing barium, titanium as well as copper equal to or less than 3 mol % of titanium amount, lithium more than or equal to 2 mol % and less than or equal to 5 mol % of titanium amount, and boron more than or equal to 2 mol % and less than or equal to 5 mol % of titanium amount and the buffer layer is formed from a complex oxides with perovskite structure containing bismuth, iron, manganese, barium and titanium.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an inkjet head comprises a substrate, and a nozzle plate. The substrate includes grooves. The nozzle plate includes nozzles that are formed by laser processing to communicate with the grooves. Electrodes are formed on respective internal surfaces of the grooves. Each of the electrodes is formed of a plurality of metal layers, and includes a flat surface that is apart from the internal surfaces of the grooves. A first inorganic film is superposed on the surfaces of the electrodes. A second inorganic film is superposed on the first inorganic film.

Abstract: Disclosed is an inkjet head that includes individual liquid chambers having liquid droplet discharging holes; an oscillation plate; piezoelectric elements formed by laminating a lower electrode, a piezoelectric material, and upper electrodes on the oscillation plate, wherein the lower electrode is a common electrode and the upper electrode is an individual electrode; a common electrode wiring connected to the lower electrode; and individual electrode wirings connected to the corresponding upper electrodes of the piezoelectric elements, wherein driving signals are individually input to the corresponding individual electrode wirings. The inkjet head further includes an upper layer insulator film; an intermediate layer insulator film; and a lower layer insulator film. The intermediate layer insulator film and the upper layer insulator film have openings for exposing the piezoelectric elements.