Abstract: A system for generating spectrum environment data receives spectrum sensing data from a wireless electronic device. The sensing data includes, for each of plural channels, a sensing measurement value expressed with a sensing resolution bandwidth and indicative of perceived signal strength. The system normalizes the received sensing measurement values so that each value has a predetermined analysis resolution bandwidth. The system also calibrates the normalized sensing measurement values to adjust for differences between perceived signal strength and predicted signal strength for at least one reference channel on which a protected transmitter with known operational characteristics transmits.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) sends to a serving network a request for periodic reporting of the UE location to a client entity, periodic location information, a request to use GMLC short circuit, and/or a request to use MO-LR short circuit. Various network entities may accept or reject each of the UE requests. For each location reporting event, the UE may send to the serving network its location estimate (e.g., if available and if MO-LR short circuit is allowed) and an address of a requesting GMLC (e.g., if GMLC short circuit is allowed). The network bypasses location processing if the location estimate is selected for use. The serving network may send the location estimate directly to the R-GMLC and bypass a visiting GMLC and a home GMLC, e.g., using the address provided by the UE. The GMLC short circuit and MO-LR short circuit save system resources and shorten response time.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein relates to determining a location of a mobile device using an estimated trajectory of motion of the mobile device, and in particular, using a comparison of the estimated trajectory with one or more predetermined candidate trajectories.

Abstract: Methods and systems for locating Mobile Stations (MSs) that are served by a Wireless communication Network (WLN) in a given geographical area. The MSs typically communicate with other parties, or connect to the Internet, through the WLN, wherein Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) serve as the WLN front ends from the MSs perspective. A Stimulating Apparatus (SA) monitors control messages that the BTSs in the area of the SA broadcast to MSs. The SA analyzes the control messages that it receives, selects one transmitting BTS and creates a modified version of the control messages that it has received from the selected BTS. The SA then broadcasts the modified messages on behalf of the selected BTS by using its frequency channel. The discrepant transmission parameters are designed to stimulate any MS that receives them to induce a network event from which the MS location may be estimated.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and machine-readable media for monitoring the locations of a number of entities are provided. The system may be configured to track the locations of a multitude of entities by grouping entities together into clusters of entities based on their geographic proximity and trajectories. A member of a cluster may be identified as a leader or a follower. The system may receive a number of location reports for the entities and update the locations of the entities based on whether the entity is a leader or a follower. For example, the system may update a back-end location database with the location information for a leader while location updates for followers may be converted into locations that are relative to the corresponding leader's and cached at the system.

Abstract: A mobile station is configured to detect entry into a premises of an enterprise in response to short range or near field radio-frequency signals. The mobile station receives signals from one or more short range wireless beacons located in the premises, and the mobile station sends identifiers from the beacon signals to a location server. The location server processes the identifiers to determine location of the mobile station within the premises and sends information to the mobile station, for presentation to the user of a map of the premises showing the determined location of the mobile station within the premises. Entry detection also may be used to automatically check-in a customer/user of the mobile station with a system of the enterprise used by personnel of the enterprise at the premises to enable the personnel to customize interactions the customer while the customer is at the premises.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer program products for filtering generally-broadcast messages received by a movable unit based on current spatial position, stored trajectory history, and probable future trajectories. A current spatial position of the movable unit is received and stored to form a stored trajectory history. A generally-broadcast message relating to a target geographical region is also received and stored. Potential trajectories of the movable unit are then computed over a pre-determined time based on at least one of the current spatial position, a current travel direction of the movable unit, and the stored trajectory history of the movable unit. The generally-broadcast message is then disseminated in response to at least one potential trajectory crossing into the target geographical region during the pre-determined time period. The generally-broadcast message may also be disseminated on the basis of specified user preferences.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the location of a device capable of receiving/transmitting wireless signals from/to reference stations is provided, for example providing wireless signals in the form of range information to the device; determining a region or area surrounding each reference station, wherein regions intersect to form intersecting spaces; defining the intersecting spaces to delineate a device location search space and determining device locations within the search space; determining combinations of said device locations, and using a distribution analysis test to examine a skewness value of each combination; detecting and selecting the combinations of device positions that result in a minimum skewness value or simply a combination that provides skewness value less than a pre-defined minimum threshold value; and utilizing the detected and selected combinations to determine a refined final position of the device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for associating a mobile device to a household. In various embodiments, a plurality of latitude-longitude pairs is received for a mobile device during a time period. The latitude-longitude pairs are organized into a plurality of clusters corresponding to geographic regions visited by the mobile device during the time period. For each cluster, a score is calculated that represents a likelihood that a user of the mobile device resides in a household within the cluster. The cluster with the highest score is identified as being the location of the user's household. The computation is preferably conducted recursively over time periods. The mobile device is then associated with the user's household.

Abstract: A method and service-related nodes for providing a deferred distance notification for at least two user devices. A Location-based gateway receives a request for a deferred distance notification for user devices, and sends a request to a Location enabler for the location of the user devices. The gateway receives location data from the Location enabler, and monitors the fulfillment of user device distance-related event criteria. When a user device distance-related event criterion is fulfilled, the gateway triggers the deferred distance notification, and sends the notification of the user device distance event to an application node. The application node sends a location request after which the Application node receives the notification. Distance notification can thus be provided to a user requesting a location-deferred service, such that the location of entire groups of users can be revealed to the requesting party.

Abstract: A navigation system and method which provides direction to visitors in buildings or groups of buildings. The system includes a check-in computer for recording identification information and destination information of a person upon entry into a building, for interrogating a wireless communicator associated with the person to obtain a wireless identifier, and for storing the identification information, the destination information, and the wireless identifier in a record. The system further includes a plurality of navigation stations for receiving the wireless identifier along a route of the person, for determining directions to a next navigation station along the route based upon the destination information in the record, and for providing the directions to the person.

Abstract: A method is provided in one example embodiment that includes receiving a location update indicative of a position of a mobile device; determining a proximity of the mobile device to an anchor location based on the position; identifying a preference associated with the mobile device; and sending content to an output device based on the preference and the proximity. In specific implementations, the anchor location is a display device and the content is sent to the output device if the proximity is within a viewing area of the display device. Additionally, the preference can be a preferred language, where content is sent to the output device in the preferred language.

Abstract: A user, either in a vehicle with a telematics device, at a home having a computer device, using a handheld wireless device, or other type of communication device, can request services such as to repair a flat tire, unlock a locked door, repair cable television service, etc. using the communication device. The user's communication device sends a request message over the communication network to a second server. The second server creates a request for service record and forwards the message to a first server that determines a resource to dispatch to the user's location. The first server sends resource information, including location information, to the user's device, and either the device, or a device coupled to the user's communication device, displays the current location of the service resource on a map as the resource makes its way toward the user's location.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed whereby location based information (LBI) is used to make access and routing decisions within a network. Such LBI is sent from mobile devices to the core network when the mobile device registers with the network and is updated periodically. Over time, this collected LBI data represents the position of mobile devices over time and periodic patterns of usage in different geographic areas. When a network receives an indication that a mobile device requires registration with the network, the network determines as a function of said LBI, a desired network access technology to use to connect said mobile device with the network. Instructions are then transmitted to the mobile device to establish a connection using said desired network access technology and the device is registered with the network. Dynamically updated LBI information from mobile devices is also used for IP network routing optimization.

Abstract: A mobile device receives RF signals from base stations each having a plurality of distributed transceivers. Each distributed transceiver comprises an independently configurable antenna array for transmitting the radio frequency signals to the mobile device. The mobile device determines channel characteristics for the received RF signals, generates channel measurements for the received RF signals, and receives a position estimate for the mobile device from a remote location server (RLS). The corresponding transmit diversity configurations are determined by the RLS and applied to the base stations for the (1) channel measurements for mobile device and (2) channel measurements at scanned locations in a location scanning region, which are both calculated by the RLS. The RLS weights the generated channel measurements utilizing one or more scaling factors, which are utilized to determine a relative reliability and contribution of the generated channel measurements.

Abstract: Map labels are dynamically downloaded to a wireless communication device for efficiently labelling a map displayed on the device. A method of dynamically downloading map labels to a wireless communications device includes steps of determining a size of label data for an area of interest and dynamically downloading the label data for the area of interest based on the size of the label data. Optionally, map labels can be dynamically downloaded based on a label prioritization scheme that takes into account the current position of the device. Optionally, the size of the label data can be determined from a map data index.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, a mobile device can perform reverse geocoding based on context, in addition to latitude and longitude coordinates. The reverse geocoding can be used to determine in which geofence among multiple geofences the mobile device is located. Thus, the mobile device can be associated with a street address, a postal code, a named land feature, or a commercial, cultural, or political entity associated with the geofence. The context can include a pattern of movement, as well as an accuracy of the latitude and longitude coordinates. Information in the context can be compared to selection criteria of the geofence. A geofence having selection criteria that match the context the best can be selected.

Abstract: A radio network controller that serves to reduce the amount of processes for searching for a common ID in a paging procedure when performing a paging processing for simultaneously calling a mobile station. A search-not-required flag indicating whether or not a search for the common ID is required is added to a message from a core network. The radio network controller determines whether or not a search for the common ID is required based on the status of the flag and the type of the message from the core network. A search for the common ID is required if the flag is “OFF,” whereas if the flag is “ON” and if the message is paging 1, it is determined that an RRC connection has not been established for the mobile station and thus a search for the common ID is not required in the radio network controller.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method includes: receiving, by an apparatus, a first message having information descriptive of a parameter N in relation to a parameter T, where the apparatus is configured to participate in discontinuous reception of at least one paging message, where N is indicative of a number of paging groups per radio frame, where T is indicative of a number of radio frames over which the discontinuous reception is to occur; and receiving, by the apparatus, the at least one paging message in accordance with the information descriptive of N in relation to T.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer readable medium for processing messaging services in a network system are provided. A femtocell system receives a message delivery request and message content to be delivered to a destination device from a user equipment serviced thereby. The femtocell system packetizes the message content and transmits the packetized message content to a core network. A confirmation is then received by the femtocell system from the core network.

Abstract: A system and method for sending location-based messages to mobile communication devices utilizes communications between base stations and mobile switching devices of a mobile access network to calculate the latest locations of the mobile communication devices supported by the mobile access network. The calculated locations of the mobile communication devices are maintained as location data in at least one location database, as well as information about the mobile communication devices. The location data and the information about the mobile communication devices are used to send the location-based messages to the mobile communication devices located within a specified geographical area.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate mitigation of interference through uplink scheduling in a wireless communication environment. Access points can assign multiple terminals to a single tile or segment of shared resource (e.g., a time frequency region) to maximize the number of terminals supported. However, combinations of certain types of terminals can cause a significant increase in interference. In particular, allocating multiple terminals having a relatively high velocity (e.g., terminals located in moving vehicles) to a single tile can cause an unacceptable increase in interference. To mitigate interference, high velocity terminals can be identified. Once identified, terminals can be allocated to the available tiles based at least in part upon avoiding combinations that result in a significant increase in interference.

Abstract: In a radio communication system that conducts a communication between a radio base station and a radio communication terminal, the radio base station and the radio communication terminal conduct communication though traffic in a shared frequency utilizing white space in addition to a dedicated frequency allocated to the radio communication system. The traffic through which the communication is established between the radio base station and the radio communication terminal includes first traffic whose bandwidth is guaranteed and second traffic whose bandwidth is not guaranteed. Radio resources of the dedicated frequency are allocated to the first traffic and radio resources of the shared frequency are allocated to the second traffic.

Abstract: A system and method for multi-cell access are provided. A method includes transmitting at least one control channel to a communications device. The at least one control channel includes control information, and the transmitting is performed by at least one cell in a subset of a cooperating set. The method also includes transmitting to the communications device based on control information transmitted to the communications device, or receiving from the communications device based on control information transmitted to the communications device. The transmitting is performed by at least one other cell in the cooperating set, or the receiving is performed by the at least one other cell in the cooperating set.

Abstract: A mobile station for wirelessly communicating with a base station, the mobile station including a storage unit for storing determination information for determining whether or not an application that requires wireless communication is being executed and operation information defining whether or not the application maintains a logical connection when the application is out-of-service for each application; and a processor for, when detecting out-of-service state, determining an application being executed on the basis of the determination information, determining whether or not the application being executed maintains the logical connection on the basis of the operation information, and when determining that the application maintains the logical connection, trying to wirelessly connect to the base station.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a group creation system for readily creating a group of nearby information processing apparatuses to let data be exchanged easily within the group. Portable terminals A and B exchange their ID's using hello messages being broadcast to create a nearby device list each. To request creation of a group with the portable terminal B, the portable terminal A transmits a group request including the ID of the portable terminal B to a server while sending an invitation to the portable terminal B. If the portable terminal B consents to the invitation and transmits a group request to the server within a group participation allowable time, the participation of the portable terminal B in the group is finalized, and a grouping notification to that effect is transmitted from the server to the portable terminals A and B.

Abstract: A mobile station 100 monitors, in Slotted mode, a Paging Channel Slot in a monitor cycle. The mobile station 100 includes: a user interface 53 which receives a PTT setting operation from a user for setting a PTT (Push to Talk) mode; a PTT communication control unit 51 which transmits an allocation request to the radio base station when the PTT setting operation is received; a slot cycle switching unit 52 which switches, when the PTT setting operation is received, the monitor cycle to a predetermined short cycle which is shorter than a cycle at the time of receiving the PTT setting operation; and a voice signal processing unit 40 which receives a voice packet after a PTT CALL is detected in a message transmitted from the radio base station to the mobile station, and reproduces a voice based on the voice packet.

Abstract: A radio base station includes: a table storage unit storing a table in which an E-TFCI indicating a transport format combination indicator of the physical data channel to be transmitted by a mobile station is associated with ?ed that is used to determine a SG and is an offset value of transmission power of the physical data channel to be transmitted by the mobile station; a parameter selector selecting the ?ed associated with the E-TFCI from the table; and a communication controller determining a SG based on the ?ed thus selected and an E-TFCI associated with the selected ?ed, and controlling transmission power of the mobile station by using the SG thus determined.

Abstract: A user device receives a command to transmit information at a transmit power level specified by a wireless carrier. The user device makes a determination as to whether transmitting the information at the specified transmit power level will cause the user device to violate a condition. When it is determined that transmitting the information at the specified transmit power level will cause the user device to violate the condition, the user device dynamically computes a new transmit power level that is lower than the specified transmit power level. The user device then transmits the information at the new transmit power level.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a system for controlling a carrier Power Amplifier (PA) of a Base Station (BS) in a network communication field are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining power control information of the carrier PA at a next timeslot; and adjusting working voltage of the carrier PA at the next timeslot according to the power control information. An apparatus and a system for controlling a carrier PA of a BS are also disclosed. The method, apparatus, and system can reduce energy consumption of the BS and improve energy efficiency of the BS.

Abstract: A method, device and system for regulating power consumption are provided in the embodiments of the present invention. A method for regulating power consumption includes: obtaining, by a base station, an application point and a configuration parameter; sending, by the base station, an indication message to a terminal according to the application point and configuration parameter; regulating, by the base station, the power consumption of the base station by using the configuration parameter at the application point; the configuration parameter comprises cell antenna information or system bandwidth information; the indication message instructs the terminal to use the configuration parameter at the application point. Under the condition that user's normal communication is remained, the number of cell antennas or the cell bandwidth is dynamically changed. This reduces the power consumption of the network device.

Abstract: A method for deploying a wireless network in accordance with particular embodiments includes deploying one or more base stations configured to provide wireless connections between the one or more base stations and one or more endpoints. The method also includes deploying one or more remote transceivers configured to provide wireless connections between the one or more remote transceivers and one or more endpoints. The method further includes modifying at least one base station of the one or more base stations. The modified base station is configured to control the one or more remote transceivers. The method additionally includes modifying at least one remote transceiver of the one or more remote transceivers. The modified remote transceiver is configured to control the at least one remote transceiver without receiving control information from the at least one base station.

Abstract: Systems and methods for selectively updating or extending built in functionality on a mobile device are disclosed. The updates may be provided to selective portions of software such that the entire software does not need to be replaced. The update may be provided through an application marketplace that provides third party software applications for mobile devices. The software that the mobile device is shipped with may include a number of “entry points,” which provide functionality that may be extended through the selective updates. When the entry point is triggered by user selection, a determination may be made whether code for the functionality is already available on the mobile device. If not, the mobile device may contact the application marketplace to determine if code is available to provide or extend the requested functionality.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal used in a mobile communication system providing mobile communicating service in a first frequency band is disclosed. The mobile communication terminal comprises a first signal processing circuit for processing signals for the mobile communication service; a second signal processing circuit for processing signals for radio tag communicating in a second frequency band; and an antenna commonly used by the first and second signal processing circuits. The impedance of the antenna is matched with the first signal processing circuit in the first frequency band and matched with the second signal processing circuit in the second frequency band.

Abstract: Methods and devices detect a near field communication (NFC) from a near field wireless communication device of an external computerized device, using an apparatus near field wireless communication device. Based on detecting the NFC, the methods/devices generate random identification and security codes, transmit the identification code and the security code from the apparatus near field wireless communication device to the device near field wireless communication device, and place the previously inactive apparatus wide-range wireless communication device in an active state. In response, the method receives the security code from a wide-range wireless communication device of the external computerized device using the apparatus wide-range wireless communication device. Then the method establishes a network communication session only between the external computerized device and the apparatus based on receiving the security code.

Abstract: A computing device with a configurable antenna. The antenna is configured through a switching circuit operating under software control. Operating characteristics of the antenna are configured based on connections between conducting segments established by the switching circuit, allowing the nominal frequency, bandwidth or other characteristics of the antenna to be configured. Because the switching is software controlled, the configurable antenna may be integrated with a software defined radio. The radio and antenna can be reconfigured to support communication according to different wireless technologies at different times or to interleave packets according to different wireless technologies to support concurrent sessions using different wireless technologies.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a camera module comprising: a circuit board; a frame coupled to the circuit board; an image sensor on the circuit board; a bobbin on the frame, a plurality of lenses being inside the bobbin; a coil wound on the bobbin, the bobbin moving to two directions based on a current applied to the coil; a magnet configured to interact the coil; and a yoke on the frame, the magnet being at an inner side of the yoke, wherein the bobbin moves to a first direction when a forward current is applied to the coil and to a second direction when a reverse current is applied to the coil.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a system includes a mobile communication device and a secure element physically coupled to the mobile communication device. The mobile communication device includes a first wireless transceiver, first processor, first memory, first speaker, first microphone, first Audio To Digital conversion (ADC), and audio port. The secure element includes a second wireless transceiver, second processor, second memory, second Audio To Digital conversion (ADC), second Digital To Audio conversion (DAC), and cable with 3.55 mm plug that is inserted into the audio port of the mobile communication device. The mobile communication device is configured to transmit data non-wirelessly via the cable to the secure element using an analog signal. The secure element is configured to transmit data non-wirelessly via the cable inserted into the audio port of the the mobile communication device using an analog signal.

Abstract: A method for handling a Hands-Free device by an Audio Gateway device with a first subscriber identity card and a second subscriber identity card, executed by a micro-processing unit (MCU) of a Baseband chip, is provided. A command is received from the Hands-Free device, wherein the Hands-Free device issues the first command to request a status report of the Audio Gateway device. The status report is provided to the Hands-Free device via a result code which comprises a plurality of integrated status indicators corresponding to statuses of the first subscriber identity card and the second subscriber identity card.

Abstract: According to a disclosed method in a base station having one or more physical sectors, instructions received from a core network cellular network operators that are parties to a sharing agreement and specify an amount of radio resources that are to be temporarily shared under the sharing agreement. In the sharing state, the physical sector instantiates at least two concurrently running protocol stacks dedicated to respective cellular network operators that are parties to the sharing agreement, thus defining virtualized sectors.

Abstract: A base station device includes a first antenna which transmits a radio signal in a downlink, a second antenna which receives a radio signal in an uplink, and a tilt angle control unit which controls a tilt angle of the first antenna and the second antenna to decrease a difference in a position of a cell boundary of the downlink and a position of the cell boundary of the uplink based on a communication quality of the downlink and a communication quality of the uplink with respect to a first base station device and on the communication quality of a downlink and a communication quality of the uplink with respect to an adjacent second base station device.

Abstract: Provided is portable electronic equipment capable of mutually converting character information and simplified character information. The portable electronic equipment is equipped with a display unit; a character information acquisition unit that acquires character information; a trigger signal detection unit that detects a prescribed trigger signal; a character information conversion unit that simplifies character information by extracting sentence elements from the character information and rearranging the sentence elements into a prescribed order or simplifies the character information by replacing prescribed words in the character information with symbols pertaining to said words, when the trigger signal is detected by the trigger signal detection unit; and a display control unit that displays on the display unit the character information simplified by the character information conversion unit.

Abstract: Wireless device gesture detection and operational control comprises identifying a first position of the device based on a sensor reading of at least one sensor operating as part of the device. The method may also include identifying a change in the device's position to a second position that is different from the first position, and receiving a specific pattern of touch input data on a touch pad of the device, the specific pattern of touch input data identified as a predefined object which corresponds to dimensions of a human ear being pressed against the touch pad and changing a current operating state of the device to a different operating state based on a comparison and detection operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are dual mode I/O devices and methods for transmission of a short range radio link such as a Bluetooth® link that is a bi-directional real-time audio communication signal that can be over a synchronous circuit-switched transport and an asynchronous packet-switched transport either sequentially or simultaneously. Also disclosed are dual mode wireless headset systems and methods of at least two dual mode I/O devices and more particularly including a wireless audio terminal and an audio gateway for transmission of a bi-directional real-time audio communication signal that can be over a synchronous circuit-switched (SCO) transport and an asynchronous packet-switched (ACL) transport either sequentially or simultaneously. Having both SCO and ACL modes available may allow the user to optimize voice quality or data throughput under different operating conditions. The user may benefit from better Bluetooth®voice quality and may have the flexibility of using either mode depending upon the situation.

Abstract: The electronic circuit includes: a micro controller unit; a timer operable to measure a standby time of the micro controller unit; a buffer circuit connected with an output-signal terminal of the timer; a logic circuit controlled by an output signal of the timer and an output signal of the micro controller unit; and a power-on switch controlled by the logic circuit. The buffer circuit has no protection diode connected with an input terminal thereof on a power-source side, and connected to a common power source shared with the micro controller unit. The switch is one for controlling the power source of the micro controller unit and buffer circuit. The micro controller unit is made to transition to an active state to either a standby state or a power-source cutoff state during the standby time.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a first housing, a second housing, and a hinge assembly rotatably coupling the first housing to the second housing and enabling movement of the device between an open configuration and a closed configuration. The hinge assembly includes a pair of link arm assemblies each including a first linkage arm configured for engaging the first housing and a second linkage arm configured for engaging the second housing. When the device is in the open configuration, the first housing is planar with the second housing.

Abstract: Optical sensor devices, image processing devices, methods and computer readable code computer-readable storage media for detecting biophysical parameters, chemical concentrations, chemical saturations and blood count. In some embodiments, the image processing device receives a live still or video electronic image. Exemplary physiological parameters include but are not limited to a pulse rate, blood pressure, glucose, stroke volume of internal or external tissue (e.g. skin). A biophysical or physiological property is not limited to a cardiovascular or liver or the kidneys or to a cardiovascular disorder or to a pulmonary disorder. Exemplary chemical concentrations or saturation includes but not limited to a pH level, a glucose level, a urea nitrogen level, a CO2 concentration or saturation, or a oxygen concentration or saturation. In some embodiments the parameters are detected from a food or a beverage such as an alcohol, a dairy product, wine, a baked good, a fruit or a vegetable.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein may describe systems and methods for reducing nuisance alarms using probability and/or accuracy of a measured physiological parameter, such as the pulse rate or SpO2 measurement generated by a pulse oximeter. Embodiments may include methods for adjusting a predetermined alarm threshold based on the probability distribution of the estimated pulse rate and/or oxygen saturation of a patient's blood.

Abstract: A device includes a first sensor coupler that is configured to receive a first input signal from a first sensor. The first input signal corresponds to a first physiological parameter and is based on optical excitation of a tissue. The device includes a processor coupled to the first sensor coupler. The processor is configured to generate an output signal based on the first input signal. The first physiological parameter is encoded in the output signal. The output signal differs from the first input signal. The device includes an output coupler configured to communicate the output signal to a remote device.

Abstract: A bone oximeter probe includes an elongated member and a sensor head at an end of the elongated member to make measurements for a bone. The measurements can indicate the viability or nonviability of the bone. In an implementation, the probe is advanced through an incision in soft tissue, towards the underlying bone, and positioned so that the sensor head faces the bone to be measured. Optical signals are sent from the sensor head and into the bone. The bone reflects some of the optical signals which are then detected so that measurements for the bone can be made. Some of these measurements include an oxygen saturation level value, and a total hemoglobin concentration value of the bone.