Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques that may help address the effects of larger delay spreads in WiFi bands. Methods and apparatus are provided that perform wireless communications utilizing varying cyclic prefix lengths, varying repetition intervals, and varying symbol durations to ameliorate the effects of large delay spreads.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selecting a wireless Local Area Network (LAN) within a cell to be accessed by a User Equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system are provided. The method includes performing, when a request for information regarding wireless LAN Access Points (APs) within the cell is received, a search for the wireless LAN APs and transmitting a report indicating a search result to a serving Evolved Node B (ENB); receiving, from the serving ENB, updated information on wireless LAN APs based on report indicating the search result; determining whether to perform a re-search for the wireless LAN APs based on the updated information on the wireless LAN APs; and performing, in response to determination to perform the re-search for the wireless LAN APs, the re-search and selecting APs to be accessed based on a result of the re-search.

Abstract: A method for facilitating communication between a wireless client and a network is disclosed. The method comprises communicating information between the wireless client and the network prior to associating the wireless client to the network. The information can be related to setup features or services.

Abstract: The present application provides methods, devices and transmitters that mitigate increases in peak to average power ratio (PAPR) from transmission diversity in a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) modulated uplink. A PAPR preserving precode matrix hopping method that utilizes cyclic shift delays is provided, as well as a sub-band based transmit diversity scheme. The present application also provides methods, devices and transmitters that relax the scheduling restrictions associated with uplink scheduling in the LTE standard.

Abstract: Each wireless access point in a network may transmit pilot bursts; receive pilot bursts; determine the timing, carrier frequency, and/or sampling frequency of each received pilot burst; determine an offset between the timing, carrier frequency, and/or sampling frequency of each received pilot burst and its own transmitted signals; and deliver one or more of these determined offsets to a computer server. The computer server may receive these offsets and, based on them, compute and deliver to each wireless access point a timing, carrier frequency, and/or sampling frequency correction factor. Each wireless access point may adjust its transmitted timing, carrier frequency, and/or sampling frequency in accordance with these correction factors.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a clock synchronization method and device. The method includes: receiving, a preconfigured multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) capability parameter and a traffic engineering (TE) capability parameter, and establishing, based on the MPLS capability parameter and the TE capability parameter, an MPLS tunnel interface; establishing, an MPLS TE tunnel whose bidirectional paths are consistent between the first clock synchronization device and a second clock synchronization device; and performing, clock synchronization message interaction with the second clock synchronization device through the established MPLS TE tunnel.

Abstract: A synchronization method by a device is provided in a device-to-device direct communication. The device receives synchronization signals from a plurality of other devices at a current frame, and estimates a synchronization time at a next frame based on the synchronization signals received from the other devices.

Abstract: Mobile radio sets are installed on front and rear parts of a mobile body, one of fixed radio sets is set as a synchronization base station, and the other radio sets including the mobile radio sets are set as synchronization packet relay stations. Each of the relay stations in a synchronization acquiring mode makes a transition to a ground synchronization maintaining mode higher in synchronization accuracy when receiving a synchronization packet without the intervention of the mobile radio sets, or makes a transition to an on-vehicle synchronization maintaining mode lower in synchronization accuracy when receiving a synchronization packet with the intervention of the mobile radio sets, and the relay station in the on-vehicle synchronization maintaining mode makes a transition to the ground synchronization maintaining mode when receiving a synchronization packet from a relay station in the ground synchronization maintaining mode.

Abstract: The present technology is directed to systems and methods for integrating route and rank information into call detail records. The system receives information relating to a communication that is established between a first communication device and a second communication device. The information includes routing information for the established communication that includes at least a route identifier and a rank identifier. The system records the received route identifier and the rank identifier in a call detail record that is generated for the established communication. The route and rank information may be analyzed to for various purposes including troubleshooting and quality improvement.

Abstract: The present technology is directed to systems and methods for integrating route and rank information into call detail records. The system receives information relating to a communication that is established between a first communication device and a second communication device. The information includes routing information for the established communication that includes at least a route identifier and a rank identifier. The system records the received route identifier and the rank identifier in a call detail record that is generated for the established communication. The route and rank information may be analyzed to for various purposes including troubleshooting and quality improvement.

Abstract: The present technology is directed to systems and methods for integrating route and rank information into call detail records. The system receives information relating to a communication that is established between a first communication device and a second communication device. The information includes routing information for the established communication that includes at least a route identifier and a rank identifier. The system records the received route identifier and the rank identifier in a call detail record that is generated for the established communication. The route and rank information may be analyzed to for various purposes including troubleshooting and quality improvement.

Abstract: A system for providing and managing IP telephone calls establishes separate and distinct call legs between IP-capable appliances and routers and between routers, and creates calls, changes calls, and manages telephony functions by joining and disjoining calls legs. In some instances one or more call legs disjoined from an active call are maintained as established to be joined later to other call legs to create other active calls. By managing EP calls as separate and distinct legs functions of intelligent, connection-oriented telephony networks may be simulated in IP telephony systems. The management is provided by software running on processors coupled to routers in the IP network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of operating a network node (e.g. an MGCF) in a telecommunications network system during a call, wherein the call has been established through a packet switched and a circuit switched part of the network. The method comprises a step of the network node receiving an indication of the call being terminated. The network node also receives call detail data from a switching network node in the circuit switched part of the network, and includes the received call detail data in a call termination message for making the call detail data available in the packet switched part of the network. Then, the network node transmits the termination message to a call controlling SIP-AS in the packet switched part of the network. The present invention further relates to methods of operating a call controlling SIP-AS and an extended services SIP-AS.

Abstract: A method and a system to discover and establish an enriched communication channel in a voice call. In the method of the invention said voice call is performed between at least a first user and a second user via their telephone devices, and it comprises discovering if said first and second users are supplied with smart devices provided with hardware, software and/or connectivity capabilities and establishing said enriched communication channel between said smart devices. The system is arranged for implementing the method of the present invention.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for providing real-time voice communication between devices connected to an Internet Protocol (IP) network and devices connected to a public switched telephone network (PSTN). In one implementation, the system includes a computer-controlled switch for connection to a local PSTN, for receiving calls from the IP network and the PSTN, and for routing calls to the PSTN and the IP network; and gate interface circuitry connected to the switch and adapted for connection to the IP network. The gate interface circuitry includes gateway circuitry for interfacing the IP network and PSTN voice circuits, and gatekeeper circuitry for performing address translation, admission control, bandwidth management, and zone management. The switch stores at least one PSTN destination address and at least one IP network destination address for each subscriber. The switch routes an incoming call to any one of the destination addresses stored for the subscriber.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and communication network system that allows an endpoint to be simultaneously registered with more than one communications server is described. In one embodiment, the communication network system includes a network, a plurality of communications servers that are coupled to the network, and a plurality of endpoints coupled to the network. Each endpoint is capable of being simultaneously registered with more than one communications server. A communication method for an endpoint involves registering a first logical line of the endpoint with a first communications server, and registering a second logical line of the endpoint with a second communications server. Consequently, flexibility is obtained by allowing an endpoint to choose the registering communications server for each logical line of the endpoint.

Abstract: Enhanced telephony computer user interfaces seamlessly integrate and leverage the features of personal computers and telephones. The manner in which media is presented at a computing system can also be modified automatically in response to detected telephone operations. These modifications can include pausing media in response to a detected telephone call and/or adjusting a volume of the media presentation. The media presentation/volume can also be resumed/restored upon detecting that the telephone call has terminated.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a networking system includes a first networking switch positioned at a boundary between Layer-2 (L2) and Layer-3 (L3), the first networking switch including a first virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) module, a second networking switch connected to the first networking switch via an interswitch link (ISL), the second networking switch being positioned at the boundary between L2 and L3 and including a second VRRP module, and an access switch positioned in L2, the access switch being capable of being connected to the first and second networking switches in a virtual link aggregation (vLAG), the first VRRP module being adapted for performing active internet protocol (IP) forwarding when the second networking switch is not performing active IP forwarding, and the second VRRP module being adapted for performing active IP forwarding when the second networking switch is not performing active IP forwarding.

Abstract: An example method for increasing multi-destination scale in a network environment is provided and includes receiving a packet at a pair of switches comprising a first switch and a second switch in a network environment, where the first switch is configured as an elected forwarder, and the second switch is configured as a standby forwarder. A fabric extender (FEX) is connected to the first switch and the second switch with a virtual PortChannel. The method further includes forwarding the packet to a host connected to the FEX. The elected forwarder is configured with substantially all multi-destination virtual interfaces (VIFs) on the FEX in a forwarding table. The standby forwarder forwards the packet to the elected forwarder. In specific embodiments, the elected forwarder programs the FEX with the VIFs.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a Time-to-Live (TTL) field of a packet is used to signal information (other than normal other than a life span of the packet or distance information relative to the network node). The packet is sent through a network, which typically includes traversing one or more intermediate nodes resulting in a modification of its TTL field (e.g., each node reduces the TTL value). After receiving the packet, a network node interprets the current value of the TTL field to identify the particular information encoded in the TTL field. Typically the current value of the TTL field is compared to a range of possible values to accommodate different TTL reductions due to different paths through a network. Signaling using the TTL value may be advantageous in networks that perform Equal-Cost-Multi-Path (ECMP) routing as the TTL value does not effect this routing.

Abstract: A control device is connected to a node and to a packet processing unit. The node operates according to a processing rule that includes a matching rule, against which a received packet is matched, and processing content applied to a packet that matches the matching rule. The packet processing unit performs packet processing according to a predetermined specification. The control device inputs a packet, received from the node to request to create a processing rule, to the packet processing unit in response to a request from the node. The control device creates a processing rule corresponding to a packet processing result of the packet processing unit obtained as a result of the input and sets the created processing rule in the node.

Abstract: A communication device, a multicast control method, and a scheduling control method are disclosed. The communication device includes: a decoding buffer that stores a first multicast packet received from a first node and a second multicast packet received from a second node; an encoder that performs network coding of the first and second multicast packets; and a transmitter that transmits the network-coded packets output from the encoder to the first node and the second node.

Abstract: A method includes receiving multicast traffic intended for host devices; identifying a flow associated with the multicast traffic; retrieving information associated with a group of multicast trees, where the group of multicast trees includes information associated with a group of I/O units, associated with a network node; identifying a particular tree that corresponds to the identified flow, where the particular tree includes information associated with a set of I/O units; and transferring the multicast traffic to an I/O unit, of the set of I/O units, based on the identification of the particular tree, where the transferring enables the I/O unit to send a copy of the multicast traffic to other I/O units of the set of I/O units, and the set of I/O units to process the multicast traffic in a manner that utilizes bandwidth or processing resources in a controlled manner and to send a copy of the multicast traffic to each of the host devices.

Abstract: An IP packet may include an IP header and one or more optional IP extension headers. The packet may contain non-IP protocol data in one of the IP extension headers. An application that uses non-IP protocol data may use the non-IP protocol data from the IP extension header. This allows an application designed for a non-IP protocol stack to operate on a device with an IP protocol stack with minimal modification. The non-IP protocol data may support routing options within a network or sub-network.

Abstract: A method for processing a network packet is used for a routing apparatus. The routing apparatus includes a forwarding engine module and a core module. In the method, a network packet from a source interface is received. Whether or not the network packet meets a Network Address Translation (NAT) packet condition is determined Subsequently, the following steps are executed when the network packet meets the NAT packet condition. In these steps, transmission information of the network packet is read and a NAT mapping table is searched by using the transmission information. When a mapping entry corresponding to the transmission information is found in the NAT mapping table, the method involves enabling the forwarding engine module to update the header of the network packet according to the NAT forwarding information of the corresponding mapping entry and set a destination interface of the network packet.

Abstract: A method is executed by a router for improved Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) protocol and Neighbor Discovery (ND) protocol execution to avoid dropped data traffic caused by Media Access Control (MAC) address resolution for next hops of routes determined by the IS-IS protocol. An IS-IS adjacency is established between the router and a neighbor router over a link, where a MAC address for the neighbor router is received from the neighbor router. A routing information base (RIB) is updated to include the neighbor router as a next hop for at least one destination address by the IS-IS process. The MAC address of the neighbor router is provided to an ND process to update the RIB, a forwarding information base (FIB) or L2 forwarding table of at least one line card of the router to include the MAC address of the neighbor router in response to the providing of the MAC address to the ND process.

Abstract: One or more devices or stations include a globally unique media access control (MAC) address, and one or more local virtual MAC Addresses. The local virtual MAC addresses are generated by an external entity, such as server. The stations and the server may be connected through an access point.

Abstract: A multistage switch includes a matrix of coupled switch devices. A logical link comprising a plurality of physical links couples a destination through the plurality of physical links to a plurality of ports in the multistage switch. Each switch device performs trunk aware forwarding to reduce the forwarding of received frames through the matrix of coupled switch devices to the destination in order to reduce unnecessary traffic in the multistage switch.

Abstract: A bridge routing module can be incorporated into a closed network fabric, such as a vehicular network. The bridge routing module includes an interface circuit to be coupled to other elements of the closed network fabric, for example other bridge routing modules or switch modules. The bridge routing module includes memory to store information associating packet content types with packet routing parameters, among other things. A processing module included in the bridge routing module analyzes packets to identify the type of content carried by the packets, and determines packet routing parameters based on the packet's content type. Ingress and egress of the packet are controlled in accordance with the packet routing parameters determined by the processing module.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the disclosures describes a method that includes receiving multiple ingress Internet Protocol packets, each of the multiple ingress Internet Protocol packets having an Internet Protocol header and a Transmission Control Protocol segment having a Transmission Control Protocol header and a Transmission Control Protocol payload, where the multiple packets belonging to a same Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol flow. The method also includes preparing an Internet Protocol packet having a single Internet Protocol header and a single Transmission Control Protocol segment having a single Transmission Control Protocol header and a single payload formed by a combination of the Transmission Control Protocol segment payloads of the multiple Internet Protocol packets. The method further includes generating a signal that causes receive processing of the Internet Protocol packet.

Abstract: Potential paths between a source and destination of a network are identified based on trace-route information, then filtered to eliminate paths or links that are not supported by ancillary information associated with the network so as to identify feasible/actual paths between the source and destination. The ancillary information includes, for example, routing tables and ARP tables. If a feasible path cannot be identified based on the ancillary information, supplemental information regarding nodes further along the potential path is assessed to provide a basis for inferring the nodes that may provide a feasible path. The determined feasible paths are displayed for review, and provided to serve as filters for subsequent path-analysis tools.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for hash-based routing table management in a distributed network switch. A frame having a source address and a destination address is received by a switch module having bridge elements and a routing table divided into slices of buckets, each slice having a respective property and including one or more buckets. If a routing entry for the source address is found in a first slice of a first set of buckets of the routing table responsive to a lookup request for the source address, and the property of the first slice satisfies a replication condition, then the routing entry is replicated to a second set of buckets of the routing table.

Abstract: It is determined whether or not the address of a first type specified in an address resolution query is an address that allows direct routing to a first network. If the direct routing is determined to be allowed, a routing table is configured such that a packet including, as a destination, the address of a second type obtained by the address resolution query is forwarded to the first network. If the direct routing is determined not to be allowed, the routing table is configured such that a packet including the obtained address of the second type as a destination is forwarded to a second network.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes a switch, which includes switching logic, multiple ports for connection to a network, and a management port, and which is configured to assign both a first link-layer address and a second link-layer address to the management port. A host processor includes a memory and a central processing unit (CPU), which is configured to run software implementing a management agent for managing functions of the switch. A network interface controller (NIC) is connected to the management port and is configured to convey incoming management packets, which are directed by the switch to the first link-layer address, to the CPU for processing by the management agent, and to write directly to the memory data contained in incoming remote direct memory access (RDMA) packets, which are directed by the switch to the second link-layer address.

Abstract: A network switch that can directly receive and connect to telecommunications cables includes: a body; a first panel mounted to the body; a first plurality of ports located in the first panel, each of the first plurality of ports configured to receive a telecommunications cable; a second panel mounted to the body; a second plurality of ports located in the second panel, each of the second plurality of ports configured to receive a patch cord; and electronic circuitry housed in the body for conducting network switching operations, the electronic circuitry being connected with the first plurality of ports and the second plurality of ports. Such a network switch can receive a cable directly, rather than requiring an intermediate patch panel, and therefore can simplify either an interconnect or a cross-connect telecommunications system.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and devices for establishing a communication. A first communication message comprises a first header field and an application data field. The first header field of a first communication message is converted, on the basis of a scheme, into a second header field that can have an XML-based structure. Furthermore, the second header field is transferred into a third header field using a compression method, a second communication message being formed by this third header field and the application data field. The invention can be used, for example, for machine-to-machine communication.

Abstract: A Unified Bandwidth Manager that functions as a multi-service bandwidth manager to interface with and hierarchically manage a plurality of service-specific bandwidth reservation and session management systems for at least one associated network resource is described. The Unified Bandwidth Manager includes a hierarchical control structure, and an interface for providing observed information relevant to policy, goal, and observed resource usage to the hierarchical control structure. At least one service-specific observation element and at least one network monitor observation element provide observation information relating to network conditions imposed on and observed in the associated network resource. The hierarchical control structure is provided with a plurality of feedback inputs that are responsive to associated ongoing observation information from each of an associated observation reporting element.

Abstract: A demultiplexing apparatus, a multiplexing apparatus, and a multi-channel transmission and reception method using the same are provided. The demultiplexing apparatus includes a broadcasting data reception unit for separating a broadcasting data stream into N input packets, an output packet generation unit for generating (N+1) output packets by connecting a pre-header, including a field for multi-channel transmission, with each of the N input packets, and a packet distribution unit for distributing the (N+1) output packets over at least two channels.

Abstract: A telecommunications network policy enforcing point operable to route IP datagrams in a two-way communication between a first endpoint in a telecommunications network and a second endpoint in the telecommunications network and operable to compress, in accordance with a data compression policy, IP datagrams of a response transmitted by the second endpoint to the first endpoint. The response is of a layer 7 protocol that supports compression, a layer level being an Open Systems Interconnection, OSI, layer in an OSI Reference Model, and each IP datagram of the response comprises a sequence of bytes of data and a header defining a sequence number of the first byte of data in the IP datagram.

Abstract: A transmitter of a communication system includes a spectrum dividing section which divides a transmission signal into a plurality of sub-spectra at a first sampling speed F1 and combines one or more low-speed intermediate composite signals from the divided sub-spectra, and a multiplexing section which multiplexes the intermediate composite signals at a second sampling speed F2 faster than the first sampling speed F1 (F2>F1) and distributes to a broadband. A receiver includes a demultiplexing section which extracts one or more low-speed intermediate composite signals from a reception signal at the second sampling speed F2, and a spectrum combining section which combines the intermediate composite signals at the first sampling speed F1 and extracts the sub-spectra to re-combines the transmission signal.

Abstract: A multi-carrier signal transmission apparatus transmits a transmission stream including at least preamble information necessary for synchronizing a transmission signal and data information as a multi-carrier signal. A modulator generates a transmission symbol stream by modulating an arrangement of the preamble information and the data information. A symbol expanding portion expands the transmission symbol stream on a frequency axis by generating a complex conjugate value of at least one part of the preamble information symmetrically on the frequency axis.

Abstract: A de-serializer, such as forming part of a SERDES, in which a point in time of receipt, on the serial data path, of receipt of a particular part of a data packet, such as an SOF, is determined from when that part is output on the parallel data path from knowledge of the clock controlling the parallel data path as well as which of the parallel lanes the part is output on.

Abstract: An integrated circuit with two operating modes is described. During a first operating mode, a de-multiplexer selectively couples information received via a common set of pads to first control logic, which decodes the information based on a first serial-interface technique. Moreover, during a second operating mode, the de-multiplexer selectively couples a first portion of the information to the first control logic and a second portion of the information to second control logic, which decodes the second portion based on a second serial-interface technique. By facilitating time-domain de-multiplexing of two similar serial-interface techniques, the integrated circuit can overcome the constraints imposed by a low or limited pin count.

Abstract: A cladding stripper includes a plurality of transversal notches or grooves in the outer surface of an exposed inner cladding of a double clad optical fiber. Position and orientation of the notches can be selected to even out cladding light release along the cladding light stripper, enabling more even temperature distributions due to released cladding light. The notches on the optical fiber can be made with a laser ablation system.

Abstract: The semiconductor laser device of the present invention has a conductive first heatsink member, a conductive first adhesive, and a semiconductor laser element. The first adhesive is disposed on the first heatsink member, and the semiconductor laser element is disposed on the first adhesive. The first adhesive reaches an upper part of the side surface of the first heatsink member under the laser emission surface for laser emission of the semiconductor laser element. The structure further improves heat dissipation of the semiconductor laser element; at the same time, it is effective in obtaining laser light from the semiconductor laser element.

Abstract: A method for growth and fabrication of semipolar (Ga,Al,In,B)N thin films, heterostructures, and devices, comprising identifying desired material properties for a particular device application, selecting a semipolar growth orientation based on the desired material properties, selecting a suitable substrate for growth of the selected semipolar growth orientation, growing a planar semipolar (Ga,Al,In,B)N template or nucleation layer on the substrate, and growing the semipolar (Ga,Al,In,B)N thin films, heterostructures or devices on the planar semipolar (Ga,Al,In,B)N template or nucleation layer. The method results in a large area of the semipolar (Ga,Al,In,B)N thin films, heterostructures, and devices being parallel to the substrate surface.

Abstract: An edge emitting semiconductor laser comprising an active, radiation-generating zone (1), and an common waveguide (8), which is suitable for guiding the radiation generated in the active zone (1) within the semiconductor laser. The common waveguide (8) comprises a first n-doped layer (4) and a second n-doped layer (5), which is arranged between the first n-doped layer (4) and the active zone (1), wherein the refractive index n2 of the second n-doped layer (5) is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first n-doped layer (4) by a value dn.

Abstract: Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (“VCSELs”) and VCSEL arrays are disclosed. In one aspect, a surface-emitting laser includes a grating layer having a sub-wavelength grating to form a resonant cavity with a reflective layer for a wavelength of light to be emitted from a light-emitting layer and an aperture layer disposed within the resonant cavity. The VCSEL includes a charge carrier transport layer disposed between the grating layer and the light-emitting layer. The transport layer has a gap adjacent to the sub-wavelength grating and a spacer region between the gap and the light-emitting layer. The spacer region and gap are dimensioned to be substantially transparent to the wavelength. The aperture layer directs charge carriers to enter a region of the light-emitting layer adjacent to an aperture in the aperture layer and the aperture confines optical modes to be emitted from the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: In the semiconductor laser including a diffraction grating in which a first diffraction grating region with a first pitch, a second diffraction grating region with a second pitch and a third diffraction grating region with the first pitch, an anti-reflection film coated on an end facet to the light-emitting side, and a reflection film coated on an opposite end facet, the first diffraction grating region is greater than the third diffraction grating region, and the second diffraction grating region is formed, in such a manner that phases of the first and third diffraction grating regions are shifted in a range of equal to or more than 0.6 ? to equal to or less than 0.9 ?, phases are successive on a boundary between the first and second diffraction grating regions and the phases are successive on a boundary between the second and third diffraction grating regions.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a laser oscillator includes at least two mirrors and mirror holding units for holding the at least two mirrors such that the two mirrors can be inclined with respect to an optical axis. Each of the mirror holding units includes two inclination adjustment units configured to incline corresponding mirror, a pivot point portion configured to function as a pivot point when the mirror is inclined, and one inclination measuring unit configured to measure an inclination amount of the mirror inclined by the two inclination adjustment units. The inclination measuring unit is disposed in a region other than on straight lines connecting the pivot point portion with each of the inclination adjustment units.