Abstract: Contemplated devices and methods allow for simple and accurate measurement of static and dynamic heat flux and heat capacity of a structure in situ. Especially preferred devices and methods use a thermally equilibrated housing that encloses a thermoelectric sensor and an associated microprocessor and external temperature sensor.

Abstract: A test system and method for determining thermal effects of tissue ablation on an ex vivo tissue includes a power generator, a grounding patch, and a material block configured to emulate an electrical property of a patient. The power generator electrically connects to an electrode to generate an electrical current in the electrode. The grounding patch electrically connects to the power generator, and the material block electrically connects to the grounding patch. Furthermore, the material block includes an ex vivo tissue patch configured to emulate an in vivo tissue of the patient. As such, selectively engaging the electrode to the ex vivo tissue patch electrically connects the electrode to the grounding patch through the material block for electrocauterizing the ex vivo tissue patch.

Abstract: A temperature measuring apparatus includes a light source, a first splitter, a second splitter, a reference beam reflector, an optical path length adjuster, a reference beam transmitting member, a first to an nth measuring beam transmitting member and a photodetector. The temperature measuring apparatus further includes an attenuator that attenuates the reference beam reflected from the reference beam reflector to thereby make an intensity thereof closer to an intensity of the measurement beam reflected from the temperature measurement object.

Abstract: A thermometer comprises an emitting unit, a light receiving unit, a lens unit, and a calculation unit. The emitting unit is configured to emit a measurement light into a flue, wherethrough a gas that contains light dispersing particles flows. The light receiving unit is configured to receive, of the measurement light, dispersed measurement light dispersed by the light dispersing particles. The lens unit is configured to set its focal point at a prescribed position inside the flue and along the light receiving axis. The calculation unit is configured to calculate the temperature inside the flue based on an intensity ratio of absorption spectra at a plurality of wavelengths.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a management device determines a topology of nodes in a network. Based on the topology, frequency hopping sequences are assigned (and notified) to the nodes such that each particular node of a certain set of the nodes is assigned a frequency hopping sequence on which to transmit that is different than frequency hopping sequences of neighbors and hidden neighbors of that particular node. In another embodiment, a transmitting node first transmits a transmission indication signal on its particular frequency band based on its frequency hopping sequence, and then transmits a message on the particular frequency band. In a further embodiment, a receiving node listening to a plurality of frequency bands may detect the transmission indication signal on the particular frequency band. In response, the receiving node filters out all frequency bands other than the particular frequency band, and receives the following transmission on that particular frequency band.

Abstract: A receiving circuit includes: an interpolation circuit that generates, by using an interpolation coefficient, output data including a data point and a boundary point from pieces of input data that are input in chronological order; a detection circuit that outputs a detection signal when the detection circuit detects a phase of the output data by using the boundary point of the output data; a low pass filter that filters the detection signal and generates the interpolation coefficient; and a modulation circuit that modulates, by using a modulation signal having a frequency different from a cutoff frequency of the low pass filter, the interpolation coefficient generated by the low pass filter, and outputs the modulated interpolation coefficient to the interpolation circuit.

Abstract: A multicarrier transceiver is provided with a sleep mode in which it idles with reduced power consumption when it is not needed to transmit or receive data. The full transmission and reception capabilities of the transceiver are quickly restored when needed, without requiring the full (and time-consuming) initialization commonly needed to restore such transceivers to operation after inactivity.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed which provide wireless communication systems implementing subsystems adapted for flexible deployment configurations and to resist the introduction of interference. Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a wireless communication system configuration in which an ODU subsystem is coupled to an IDU subsystem using a fiber optic link. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an ODU subsystem is adapted to provide conversion between digital and analog to thereby facilitate the use of a digital link between the ODU subsystem and a corresponding IDU subsystem. Embodiments of the present invention utilize a plurality of ODU subsystems configured according to the present invention to provide wireless communication coverage of a service area, such as to provide a wireless application termination system (WATS) hub for use in providing wireless communication links with respect to a plurality of subscriber units.

Abstract: In a receiver circuit which can correct a deviation of phase between an input signal and a clock, a sampler detects an amplitude level of the input signal at timing indicated by the clock, a first comparison circuit compares a first and a second amplitude level detected by the sampler at first and second timings, respectively, with a determined threshold, an interpolation circuit calculates an intermediate level that approximates to an amplitude level of the input signal corresponding to an intermediate point between the first and second timings by an interpolation process based on the first and second amplitude levels, a second comparison circuit compares the intermediate level with the determined threshold, and a phase deviation detection circuit detects the deviation of phase between the clock and the input signal on the basis of comparison results obtained by the first and second comparison circuits.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring transmitter and/or receiver I/Q impairments are disclosed, including iterative methods for measuring transmitter I/Q impairments using shared local oscillators, iterative methods for measuring transmitter I/Q impairments using intentionally-offset local oscillators, and methods for measuring receiver I/Q impairments. Also disclosed are methods for computing I/Q impairments from a sampled complex signal, methods for computing DC properties of a signal path between the transmitter and receiver, and methods for transforming I/Q impairments through a linear system.

Abstract: A signaling circuit having a selectable-tap equalizer. The signaling circuit includes a buffer, a select circuit and an equalizing circuit. The buffer is used to store a plurality of data values that correspond to data signals transmitted on a signaling path during a first time interval. The select circuit is coupled to the buffer to select a subset of data values from the plurality of data values according to a select value. The equalizing circuit is coupled to receive the subset of data values from the select circuit and is adapted to adjust, according to the subset of data values, a signal level that corresponds to a data signal transmitted on the signaling path during a second time interval.

Abstract: A method for equalizing the received signal in communications based on filterbank multicarrier modulations and, more particularly, to such a method and system especially advantageous in situations where the channel frequency selectivity is exceptionally high. The method significantly improves the performance of traditional filterbank equalization algorithms based on finite impulse response filters at the output of the receive filterbank. Furthermore, the system consists of multiple parallel stages, the number of which can be tuned to achieve a good compromise between performance and computational complexity. Thanks to this modular structure, and to the fact that most of the architecture can be efficiently implemented using fast Fourier transforms, the system presents a very low computational complexity compared to more traditional equalizers for filterbank multicarrier modulations.

Abstract: Embodiments are related to systems and methods for data processing, and more particularly to systems and methods for equalizing a data signal.

Abstract: The present invention reduces the degradation in performance of one or more radio signals that are co-transmitted with a first radio signal from the same transmitting antenna in the same frequency channel and received by the same antenna due to multipath or other shared interference, where the one or more radio signals can be separated from the first radio signal. All received signals are coupled to the same adaptive array or adaptive filter to reduce multipath or other shared interference of the first radio signal, which reduces multipath and other shared interference in the other radio signals before they are separated and processed by their respective receivers, or the individual radio signals are separated before the first signal enters the adaptive array and coupled to a slave weighting network slaved to the weights of the adaptive array of the first signal to reduce interference in all the signals.

Abstract: For digital data transmitted using a vector signaling encoding, a rank-order equalizer cancels various channel noise such as inter-symbol interference. Further, rank-order units may be cascaded to achieve improved equalization over successive sample vector signals in a rank-order equalizer. Multiple rank-order equalizers further operate in parallel in a feed forward mode or in series in a feedback mode to provide a continuous vector signaling stream equalization.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to a configurable multi-mode driver and receiver. An embodiment of a communication system includes a communication channel, and a first device and a second device coupled with the communication channel. The first device includes a driver apparatus to drive data signals on the communication channel, the driver apparatus including circuits to receive and drive the data signals, where the circuits are configurable for termination resistance of the driver circuit apparatus, and each of the plurality of circuits is comprised of one or more circuit units, the circuit units being configurable for equalization control of the driver apparatus. The second device includes a receiver to receive data signals from the communication channel as an input. Either the first device or the second device includes configurable circuit elements to provide signal reflection control for the system.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a sense amplifier with an input to receive a present signal representing a present bit. The sense amplifier is to produce a decision regarding a logic level of the present bit. The integrated circuit device also includes a circuit to precharge the input of the sense amplifier by applying to the input of the sense amplifier a portion of a previous signal representing a previous bit. The integrated circuit device further includes a latch, coupled to the sense amplifier, to output the logic level.

Abstract: An encoder controller graphics processing unit (GPU) and a method of encoding rendered graphics. One embodiment of the encoder controller GPU includes: (1) an encoder operable to encode rendered frames of a video stream for transmission to a client, and (2) an encoder controller configured to detect a mark embedded in a rendered frame of the video stream and cause the encoder to begin encoding.

Abstract: A sample adaptive offset (SAO) processing apparatus reusing an input buffer and an operation method of the SAO processing apparatus may include a SAO parameter parser to parse SAO parameter information from a bitstream; a SAO parameter adjuster to extract SAO type information and offset information from the parsed SAO parameter information; and a filtering performer to perform filtering on the bitstream based on the SAO type information and the offset information.

Abstract: A video encoding method for reducing encoding error by using a loop filter is provided, the method including: generating a reconstructed image from encoded data of an original image; determining one or more regions on which the loop filter is applied in the reconstructed image; transforming the original image and the reconstructed image which correspond to each region of the determined one or more regions from a spatial domain into a frequency domain; determining loop filter coefficients for said each region by comparing the transformed original image and the transformed reconstructed image; loop-filtering the reconstructed image based on the loop filter coefficients for said each region; and encoding information on the loop filter coefficients for said each region.

Abstract: In a picture coding method for generating a coded signal corresponding to each picture by coding a plurality of coded signals, a switching picture which is capable of switching a plurality of coded signals and subsequent pictures of the switching picture can refer to only a group of pictures of the same time in the coded signals. More specifically, the case where picture numbers of an adjacent picture of an S picture and the S picture are not continuous is not considered as an error.

Abstract: A method of decoding an image includes obtaining information that indicates an intra prediction mode of a current block to be decoded, from a bitstream, the intra prediction mode indicating a particular direction among a plurality of directions, the particular direction being indicated by one of dx number of pixels in a horizontal direction and a fixed number of pixels in a vertical direction, and dy number of pixels in the vertical direction and a fixed number of pixels in the horizontal direction and obtaining a number of neighboring pixels located on one side among a left side of the current block and an upper side of the current block according to a position of a current pixel (j,i) and the particular direction (dx or dy) indicated by the intra prediction mode, when the number of the neighboring pixels is 1, obtaining a prediction value of the current pixel based on the neighboring pixel, and when the number of the neighboring pixels is 2, obtaining the prediction value of the current pixel based on a wei

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding a video by using block merging and a method and apparatus for decoding a video by using block merging. The method of encoding includes: determining an encoding mode indicating a current data unit for encoding of a picture and an encoding method including prediction encoding performed for the current data unit; determining an occurrence of merging with at least one neighboring data unit based on at least one of the encoding mode and a prediction mode; and determining prediction mode information, merging related information, and prediction related information, and determining encoding information of the data unit including the prediction mode information, the merging related information, and the prediction related information.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding images based on constrained offset compensation and a loop filter. The image decoding apparatus: receives, from an encoder, a first indicator indicating whether a sequence, a picture, a frame, a slice, a coding unit (CU), a prediction unit (PU), and/or a transform unit (TU) supports constrained offset compensation; receives, from the encoder, a second indicator indicating whether constrained sample adaptive offset (SAO) compensation or an adaptive loop filter (ALF) is applied; receives a parameter from the encoder; and applies the SAO compensation or the ALF to pixels of a restored image on the basis of the second indicator and the parameter.

Abstract: A high resolution 3D image may be encoded into a first multiplexed image frame and a second multiplexed image frame in a base layer (BL) video signal and an enhancement layer (EL) video signal. The first multiplexed image frame may comprise horizontal high resolution image data for both eyes, while the second multiplexed image frame may comprise vertical high resolution image data for both eyes. Encoded symmetric-resolution image data for the 3D image may be distributed to a wide variety of devices for 3D image processing and rendering. A recipient device may reconstruct reduced resolution 3D image from one of the first multiplexed image frame or the second multiplexed image frame. A recipient device may also reconstruct high resolution 3D image by combining high resolution image data from both of the first multiplexed image frame and the second multiplexed image frame.

Abstract: An image quantization parameter encoder includes: a prediction unit 11 for generating a predicted quantization parameter from a past reconstructed quantization parameter; a computing unit 12 for generating a delta quantization parameter from a quantization parameter and the predicted quantization parameter; and a quantization parameter encoding unit 13 for binary arithmetic encoding a first bin indicating whether or not the delta quantization parameter is significant, one or more other bins indicating an absolute value of the delta quantization parameter and made non-redundant, and a bin indicating whether the delta quantization parameter is positive or negative, in the case where the delta quantization parameter is significant.

Abstract: An apparatus and corresponding method are provided for pyramid vector quantization of video data, including receiving the video data in the frequency domain; and pyramid vector quantizing at least one group of pictures (GOP) from the received video data in accordance with a potentially varying bandwidth, the GOP comprising key frames and predicted frames.

Abstract: A video coder applies a residual differential pulse code modulation technique to a residual data of a block coded using lossy coding. The block may be coded without application of a transform to the residual data.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: generating a predicted block; calculating a residual block; calculating quantized coefficients by performing transform and quantization on the residual block; calculating a coded residual block by performing inverse quantization and inverse transform on the quantized coefficients; generating a temporary coded block; determining whether or not an offset process is required, to generate first flag information indicating a result of the determination; executing the offset process on the temporary coded block when it is determined that the offset process is required; and performing variable-length coding on the quantized coefficients and the first flag information.

Abstract: In a moving picture coding device that codes moving pictures in units of a block by partitioning a first block, which is obtained by partitioning each picture of the moving pictures into predetermined sizes, into one or a plurality of second blocks, a quantization parameter calculation unit calculates a quantization parameter of the second block. A predictive quantization parameter deriving unit derives a predictive quantization parameter of the second block using quantization parameters of a third block adjacent to the left of the second block and a fourth block adjacent to the top of the second block. A differential quantization parameter generation unit generates a differential quantization parameter of the second block from a difference between the quantization parameter of the second block and the predictive quantization parameter. A first bitstream generation unit codes the differential quantization parameter of the second block.

Abstract: In a moving picture coding device that further divides a first block acquired by dividing each picture of a moving picture into a predetermined size into one or a plurality of second blocks and codes the moving picture in units of blocks, a quantization parameter calculation unit calculates a quantization parameter of the second block. A predictive quantization parameter deriving unit derives a predictive quantization parameter of the second block by using the quantization parameter of one or a plurality of third blocks that are neighboring to the second block. The predictive quantization parameter deriving unit derives the predictive quantization parameter of the second block by using a quantization parameter of a fourth block coded before the second block in a case where the third block neighboring to the second block is located at a position beyond a boundary of the first block.

Abstract: A filtering method is for performing deblocking filtering on the boundary between an IPCM block and a non-IPCM block adjacent to each other in an image and including: determining a first quantization parameter for the non-IPCM block; determining a second quantization parameter for the IPCM block, using the first quantization parameter; determining a filter strength for the boundary, using the first quantization parameter and the second quantization parameter; and performing the deblocking filtering on the boundary using the determined filter strength.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer programs for encoding and decoding image are described. In some aspects, an input data block and a prediction data block are accessed. A projection factor is generated based on a projection of the input data block onto the prediction data block. A scaled prediction data block is generated by multiplying the projection factor by the prediction data block. A residual data block is generated based on a difference between the input data block and the scaled prediction data block. In some aspects, a prediction data block, a residual data block, and a projection factor associated with the residual data block are accessed. A scaled prediction data block is generated by multiplying the projection factor by the prediction data block. An output data block is generated by summing the residual data block and the scaled prediction data block.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for determining quantization parameter for a quantization and an inverse quantization performed during a video encoding and decoding. The quantization parameter determination method includes determining transformation units of at least one size included in a coding unit; determining a default quantization parameter of the coding unit; reducing a quantization parameter of a transformation unit that is greater than a predetermined size, to be less than the default quantization parameter; and increasing a quantization parameter of a transformation unit that is less than a predetermined size, to be greater than the default quantization parameter.

Abstract: A system and method for resilient signal encoding provide for encoding a data signal to reduce bandwidth required to transmit the encoded signal while mitigating the impact of frames lost or corrupted during transmission. A first frame of the data signal is encoded as an independently decodable frame and is assigned as a reference frame. Subsequent frames of the data signal are encoded as different frames relative to the reference frame. The independently decodable frame and the difference frames are transmitted to a receiver. The receiver decodes the frames and sends an acknowledgement for one or more successfully decoded difference frames. When an acknowledgment is received, a corresponding data signal frame is assigned as the reference frame. Subsequent difference frames are encoded relative to the newly assigned reference frame.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods are described including performing scalable video coding using inter-layer pixel sample prediction. Inter-layer pixel sample prediction in an enhancement layer coding unit, prediction unit, or transform unit may use reconstructed pixel samples obtained from a base layer or from a lower enhancement layer. The pixel samples may be subjected to upsample filtering and/or refinement filtering. The upsample or refinement filter coefficients may be predetermined or may be adaptively determined.

Abstract: Techniques to identify one or more candidate reference blocks used to generate a prediction block to encode a current coding block. The candidate reference blocks can be in the same layer as the current coding block or a different layer. In addition, the candidate reference blocks do not have to be co-located with the current coding block. Motion vectors and shift vectors can be used to identify the one or more candidate reference blocks. In addition, uniform and non-uniform weighting can be applied to the one or more candidate reference blocks to generate the prediction block. Accordingly, an encoder can determine and identify reference blocks to a decoder that can provide desirable rate-distortion cost.

Abstract: A method and system for video coding by integrating frame data and time data may be described. The method and system can include a video coding non-transitory storage media that integrates reference data and time data. More specifically, the video coding non-transitory storage media can produce one or more luma vectors and one or more chroma vectors within a video plane, the one or more luma vectors and one or more chroma vectors may be extended into time vectors that can be utilized for compression or reconstruction of the frame rate, define luma vector across time as a contiguous function and perform video compression across a time dimension.

Abstract: Provided are scalable video encoding and decoding methods. The scalable video encoding method includes: obtaining a peripheral pixel of an enhancement block based on a peripheral pixel of a base layer block corresponding to the enhancement layer block to be prediction-encoded, and performing intra prediction on the enhancement layer block by using at least one of a peripheral pixel of the enhancement layer block that is encoded before the enhancement layer block and then restored and a peripheral pixel of the enhancement layer block that is obtained based on a peripheral pixel of the base layer block.

Abstract: A video coder may generate a predictive block. As part of generating the predictive block, the video coder may use at least one of a losslessly reconstructed sample to left of a current sample in a current row of a predictive block and a losslessly reconstructed sample for a row of the predictive block above the current row for DC prediction of the current sample.

Abstract: A video coder may determine that sign data hiding is disabled for a current block if the current block is generated using lossy coding without application of a transform to residual data and the current block is intra predicted using an intra prediction mode in which a residual differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) technique is used.

Abstract: In inter prediction that is performed by partitioning a first block, which is obtained by partitioning each picture, into one or more second blocks, a spatial merge candidate generating unit derives a spatial merge candidate without referring to a block included in a first block that includes a second block. In case of a mode where a coding block is divided by a horizontal border into prediction blocks arranged vertically, the reference index derivation unit of a time merge candidate sets reference index information of a time merge candidate to a value of reference index information of an encoded prediction block adjacent to a left edge of a prediction block subject to encoding.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a video decoding method comprises: a step of decoding a first bitstream corresponding to a base layer image based on first decoding information corresponding to the image that belongs to the view which is different from the view to which the base layer image belongs; and a step of decoding a second bitstream corresponding to an enhancement layer image based on second decoding information corresponding to the base layer image and third decoding information corresponding to the image that belongs to the view which is different from the view to which the enhancement layer image belongs.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: acquiring information to form a reference picture set of a current picture by entropy decoding the received bitstream information; and performing prediction on a prediction block inside the current picture by using a reference picture list which is formed based on the reference picture set.

Abstract: A data coding apparatus in which a set of ordered data is encoded includes: an entropy encoder encoding the ordered data, wherein each data item is split into respective data subsets that are encoded by first and second encoding systems so that for a predetermined quantity of encoded data generated in respect of a group of data items by the first encoding system, a variable quantity of zero or more data is generated in respect of that group of data by the second encoding system; and an output data stream assembler generating an output data stream from the encoded data, the output data stream including successive packets of a predetermined quantity of data generated by the first encoding system followed, in a data stream order, by the zero or more data generated by the second encoding system in respect of same data items as encoded by the first encoding system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of encoding a video, the method including: splitting a current picture into at least one maximum coding unit; determining a coded depth to output a final encoding result according to at least one split region obtained by splitting a region of the maximum coding unit according to depths, by encoding the at least one split region, based on a depth that deepens in proportion to the number of times the region of the maximum coding unit is split; and outputting image data constituting the final encoding result according to the at least one split region, and encoding information about the coded depth and a prediction mode, according to the at least one maximum coding unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for decoding an image, the apparatus including an entropy decoder that performs entropy-decoding to obtain quantized transformation coefficients of at least one transformation unit in a coding unit of the image, a decoder that determines a prediction mode of at least one prediction unit in the coding unit from information indicating the prediction mode for the at least one prediction unit, when the prediction mode is determined to be an inter prediction mode, not in an intra prediction mode, determines a size of the at least one transformation unit in the coding unit regardless of a size of the at least one prediction unit in the coding unit, and performs inverse-quantization and inverse-transformation on the quantized transformation coefficients of the at least one transformation unit to obtain residuals, and a restorer that performs inter prediction for at least one prediction unit in the coding unit to generate a predictor and restores the image by using the residuals and the predictor.

Abstract: Various techniques and tools for encoding and decoding (e.g., in a video encoder/decoder) binary information (e.g., skipped macroblock information) are described. In some embodiments, the binary information is arranged in a bit plane, and the bit plane is coded at the picture/frame layer. The encoder and decoder process the binary information and, in some embodiments, switch coding modes. For example, the encoder and decoder use normal, row-skip, column-skip, or differential modes, or other and/or additional modes. In some embodiments, the encoder and decoder define a skipped macroblock as a predicted macroblock whose motion is equal to its causally predicted motion and which has zero residual error. In some embodiments, the encoder and decoder use a raw coding mode to allow for low-latency applications.

Abstract: A video coding device performs a disparity vector derivation process for a current block of multi-view video data. The current block is in a current view. An availability value indicates that a disparity vector for the current block is unavailable when the disparity vector derivation process is unable to derive the disparity vector for the current block. When the availability value indicates that the disparity vector derivation process has not derived the disparity vector for the current block, the video coding device generates a disparity vector for the current block in another manner.

Abstract: A video coding apparatus includes a processor that executes a procedure. The procedure includes: (c) classifying each of a plurality of groups into either a full evaluation group or into a partial evaluation group; (d) determining the prediction mode to use as generating the predicted image of a coding target block by evaluating coding costs of all the prediction modes belonging to each of the groups for a group classified at (c) into the full evaluation group, and evaluating coding costs of a portion of prediction modes out of the prediction modes belonging to each of the groups for a group classified at (c) into the partial evaluation group; and (e) generating a predicted image of the coding target block using the prediction mode determined at (d).