Abstract: A video decoder performs a neighboring-block based disparity vector (NBDV) derivation process to determine a disparity vector or performs a NBDV refinement (NBDV-R) process to determine the disparity vector. The video decoder uses the disparity vector as a disparity vector for a current block without using a median filtering process on multiple disparity motion vectors, wherein the current block is coded in either a skip mode or a direct mode. Furthermore, the video coder determines pixel values for the current block.

Abstract: A video encoding system for dynamically managing energy, a data rate and data distortion is disclosed. The video encoding system for dynamically managing the energy, the data rate and the data distortion includes one or more sensors, an encoder configured to encode a signal obtained by the one or more sensors, an event sensing unit configured to determine whether an event is generated from the signal obtained by the one or more sensors, a memory configured to store the signal encoded by the encoder, a power supply unit configured to supply power to the one or more sensors, the event sensing unit, the encoder or the memory, and an control unit configured to control configuration of the energy supplied to the one or more sensors, the event sensing unit, the encoder or the memory.

Abstract: An image encoding device and corresponding decoding device are disclosed for achieving a high rate of compression. The encoding device includes an image conversion module that converts the direction of the images using right-left symmetry mode convention or up-down symmetry mode conversion. Encoding modules are used to encode both the unconverted and converted images. A mode selector module compares the quantity of codes in the encoded unconverted images and the quantity of codes in the encoded converted images, and selects codes that are smaller in the quantity of codes for output.

Abstract: A method of decoding a video including parsing AMP information indicating whether partition types include asymmetric partition types, from a bitstream of an encoded image, determining at least one coding unit included in a maximum coding unit by using split information parsed from the received bitstream, determining at least one prediction unit of a coding unit among the at least one coding unit, by using the AMP information and information about a partition type of the coding unit parsed from the received bitstream, and performing motion compensation using the prediction units for the coding unit.

Abstract: A motion vector predictor candidate generating unit makes a prediction based on a motion vector of one of coded neighboring blocks that are neighboring to a coding target block in space or time and generates a plurality of motion vector predictor candidates. A motion vector predictor redundant candidate removing unit removes the motion vector predictor candidates having identity among the motion vector predictor candidates predicted based on a coded neighboring block that is neighboring in space from a motion vector predictor candidate list with at least one being left. A motion vector predictor selecting unit selects a motion vector predictor from the plurality of motion vector predictor candidates. A first bitstream generating unit codes information representing the selected motion vector predictor.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding a video by using block merging and a method and apparatus for decoding a video by using block merging. The method of encoding includes: determining an encoding mode indicating a current data unit for encoding of a picture and an encoding method including prediction encoding performed for the current data unit; determining an occurrence of merging with at least one neighboring data unit based on at least one of the encoding mode and a prediction mode; and determining prediction mode information, merging related information, and prediction related information, and determining encoding information of the data unit including the prediction mode information, the merging related information, and the prediction related information.

Abstract: A merging motion information calculating unit calculates motion information of a plurality of coded neighboring blocks located at predetermined positions neighboring to a coding target block in space as spatial motion information candidates of the coding target block, in a case where there are spatial motion information candidates having the same motion information out of the spatial motion information candidates, sets one of the spatial motion information candidates having the same motion information as the spatial motion information candidate and, calculates a temporal motion information candidate of the coding target block by using the motion information of a coded block included in a picture that is different in time from a picture including the coding target block, and includes the spatial motion information candidates and the temporal motion information candidate in candidates for the motion information.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding a video by using block merging and a method and apparatus for decoding a video by using block merging. The method of encoding includes: determining an encoding mode indicating a current data unit for encoding of a picture and an encoding method including prediction encoding performed for the current data unit; determining an occurrence of merging with at least one neighboring data unit based on at least one of the encoding mode and a prediction mode; and determining prediction mode information, merging related information, and prediction related information, and determining encoding information of the data unit including the prediction mode information, the merging related information, and the prediction related information.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding a video by using block merging and a method and apparatus for decoding a video by using block merging. The method of encoding includes: determining an encoding mode indicating a current data unit for encoding of a picture and an encoding method including prediction encoding performed for the current data unit; determining an occurrence of merging with at least one neighboring data unit based on at least one of the encoding mode and a prediction mode; and determining prediction mode information, merging related information, and prediction related information, and determining encoding information of the data unit including the prediction mode information, the merging related information, and the prediction related information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for decoding motion information in merge mode for reconstructing a moving picture signal coded at a low data rate while maintaining a high quality of an image. The apparatus for decoding motion information in merge mode discloses the position of a merge mode candidate and the configuration of a candidate in order to predict motion information in merge mode efficiently. Furthermore, a merge candidate indicated by the merge index of a current block can be efficiently reconstructed irrespective of a network environment by adaptively generating a merge candidate based on the number of valid merge candidate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hierarchical motion estimation are described. The hierarchical motion estimation may provide motion information and pixel correlation among temporal pictures at different resolutions, which may be utilized in motion related video processing applications such as video coding, motion compensation based denoising, interpolation, and others to improve the quality and/or speed of motion predictions. Systems and methods of video processing that include pre- and post-processing utilizing information from hierarchical motion estimations are also discussed. Specifically, systems and methods of video processing with hierarchical motion estimation instead of or in addition to other motion estimations are shown.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image-encoding method, to an image-decoding method, and to an apparatus using same. The image-encoding method according to the present invention comprises the following steps: determining the location of a corresponding sample in a reference layer; restoring a sample of a reference unit in the reference layer, specified by the corresponding sample, so as to generate a reference sample signal; and encoding a differential signal between the sample signal of the current unit of an enhancement layer and the reference sample signal.

Abstract: The image processor includes a ? multiplier circuit that approximately multiplies an input value X by ?. The ? multiplier circuit includes a loop operation circuit that repeatedly perform a predetermined operation by loops, and a setting circuit that sets a required number of loops in the loop operation circuit. The loop operation circuit includes a register that receives an input of an input value, a bit shift circuit that performs bit shift by 2 bits to the right on a value output from the register, and an adder circuit that adds an input value and a value output from the bit shift circuit, and inputs the added value to the register.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image processing apparatus and an image processing method in which a deterioration of an image quality of a color difference signal due to the quantization can be suppressed. The image processing apparatus in the present disclosure includes an offset setting unit that sets an offset of a quantization parameter for a color difference signal based on a quantization parameter for a brightness signal according to a size or shape of a unit of transform when an orthogonal transform is performed on image data, or a receiving unit that receives an offset of a quantization parameter for a color difference signal which is set according to a size or a shape of a unit of transform. The present disclosure, for example, can be adapted to an image processing apparatus that processes image data.

Abstract: A method is presented for entropy coding data using an entropy coder to encode an input sequence. A context model is used to determine the context of each symbol and a probability estimation is made for each symbol. A method is presented for revising the coding order to be context-based, grouping symbols consecutively on the basis that they have a common context. A method is presented for entropy decoding a bitstream of encoded data encoded using a context-based coding order.

Abstract: A quality of service (QoS) management server and a method of managing a streaming bit rate. One embodiment of a QoS management server includes: (1) an encoder operable to encode a video stream at a current bit rate for transmission via a network interface controller (NIC) and (2) a processor operable to receive QoS statistics regarding the video stream via the NIC, employ the QoS statistics to determine a new bit rate and cause the encoder to encode the video stream at the new bit rate.

Abstract: An image data transmitting apparatus is disclosed, the apparatus being configured to receive a right image and a left image and transmit the received right image and left image to a host system using a USB method, such that a depth image and a color image can be compressed in real time by a standard protocol, the compressed depth image and the color image are respectively converted to USB packet data, and the converted depth image and the color image are transmitted to a host system.

Abstract: A quality of service (QoS) management system and a method of forward error correction (FEC). One embodiment of the QoS management system includes a QoS management server including: (1) an encoder operable to forward error correction (FEC) encode a video stream at a current redundancy level for transmission via a network interface controller (NIC), and (2) a processor operable to receive QoS statistics regarding the video stream via the NIC, employ the QoS statistics to determine a new redundancy level and cause the encoder to FEC encode the video stream at the new redundancy level.

Abstract: A particular implementation receives a bitstream and derives parameters from the bitstream. The parameters include quantization parameters, content unpredictability parameters, ratios of lost blocks, ratios of propagated blocks, error concealment distances, motion vectors, durations of freezing, and frame rates. Using these parameters, a compression distortion factor, a slicing distortion factor, and a freezing distortion factor are estimated respectively for distortions resulting from video compression, a slicing mode error concealment, and a freezing slicing mode error concealment. The distortion factors are then mapped to a composite video quality score. For applications with limited computational power, the estimation of distortion factors can be simplified. In particular, the compression distortion factor, the slicing distortion factor, and the freezing distortion factor can be predicted from quantization parameters, ratios of lost blocks, and durations of freezing, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for in-loop filtering based on a largest coding unit (LCU) to reduce an external memory access bandwidth. An in-loop filter may include an external memory to store decoded frames, an internal memory to store pixels in use for deblocking filtering and sample adaptive offset filtering, a horizontal deblocking filter to perform deblocking filtering on input pixels in a horizontal direction with respect to vertical edge boundaries within an input area, a vertical deblocking filter to perform deblocking filtering in a vertical direction with respect to horizontal edge boundaries within the input area, and a sample adaptive offset filter to perform sample adaptive offset filtering.

Abstract: A signal adaptive filtering method for reducing blocking effect and ringing noise, a signal adaptive filter, and a computer readable medium. The signal adaptive filtering method capable of reducing blocking effect and ringing noise of image data when a frame is composed of blocks of a predetermined size includes the steps of: (a) generating blocking information for reducing the blocking effect and ringing information for reducing the ringing noise, from coefficients of predetermined pixels of the upper and left boundary regions of the data block when a frame obtained by deconstructing a bitstream image data for inverse quantization is an intraframe; and (b) adaptively filtering the image data passed through inverse quantization and inverse discrete cosine transform according to the generated blocking information and ringing information. Therefore, the blocking effect and ringing noise can be eliminated from the image restored from the block-based image, thereby enhancing the image restored from compression.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining network connectivity over power lines is disclosed. Such network connectivity is maintained even if various customers are covered by different power line networks or if one or more power lines in a network are unavailable to transmit data. More particularly, in order to bridge a gap in a power line network, one or more messages are extracted from a first node in a power line network and are then transmitted to a second node via free space transmission, illustratively wireless radio frequency (RF) transmission conforming to one or more of the 802.11a, b or g standards. When those messages are received at the second node, the message is injected back into the power line on the other side of a gap in power line coverage. This method of transmission backup will continue until power line connectivity is restore upon which the preferred method will be selected and used.

Abstract: A transmitter for transmitting data signals to at least one communications device over a wired network on a plurality of carriers is provided, wherein the carriers are located in frequencies being allocated by one or more radio services, wherein each of the radio services is allocated to one or a plurality of frequency bands, the transmitter comprising a symbol generator configured to generate symbols based on the data signals; a processor configured to generate copies of the symbols and to determine an allocation of the copies onto the plurality of carriers, wherein a first copy and a second copy of each symbol are allocated to carriers located in frequency bands that are allocated to different radio services; and a modulator configured to modulate the copies of the symbols on the carriers in accordance with the determined allocation.

Abstract: A receiver includes a positive pulse determination circuit and a negative pulse determination circuit. The positive pulse determination circuit outputs a first L-level between when a pulse signal having a negative amplitude is detected and when neither a pulse signal having a positive amplitude nor a pulse signal having a negative amplitude is detected; otherwise a first H-level if a pulse signal having a positive amplitude is detected during another period. The negative pulse determination circuit outputs a second L-level between when a pulse signal having a positive amplitude is detected and when neither a pulse signal having a positive amplitude nor a pulse signal having a negative amplitude is detected; otherwise a second H-level is output if a pulse signal having a negative amplitude is detected during the other period.

Abstract: A transmitter may comprise a first domain translation circuit, a first PAPR suppression circuit, and a descriptor generation circuit. The first domain translation circuit may convert a plurality of frequency-domain symbols of a first OFDM symbol to a corresponding plurality of first time-domain signals. The first PAPR suppression circuit may group the plurality of first time-domain signals into a plurality of sub-bands of the first time-domain. The first PAPR suppression circuit may invert one or more of the sub-bands of the first time-domain signals according to a value of a first descriptor. The descriptor generation circuit may determine the value of the first descriptor using an iterative process in which each iteration comprises random selection of a value of the first descriptor, determination of a PAPR of the first OFDM symbol processed using the randomly-selected value, and determination of whether said PAPR meets one or more determined criteria.

Abstract: An encoder can convert a stream of data into three or four synchronized 4-PSK signals, for 64-QAM and 256-QAM, respectively. Three or four mixers can combine the three or four synchronized PSK signals with a common local oscillator signal to form three or four respective amplifiable signals, which can all have the same amplitude. One amplifier receives a first of the amplifiable signals and powers one radiator. Two amplifiers both receive a second of amplifiable signals and power two respective radiators. Four amplifiers receive a third of the amplifiable signals and power four respective radiators. The amplifiers can all operate in near or full saturation. Each radiator radiates in one of a plurality of discrete, specified states. The radiated states from the radiators combine through far-field electromagnetic propagation and effectively sum at the receiver to mimic transmission from a single amplifier.

Abstract: A wireless link apparatus includes a plurality of antennas; a signal detector configured to calculate SNR based on a signal received from at least one of the plurality of antennas; and a mode selector configured to determine the number of an antenna to be used in modulation method and signal transmission by comparing the calculated SNR with a preset critical value. Further, the wireless link apparatus includes a transmitter configured to modulate a signal in the modulation method determined by the mode selector and transmit the modulated signal using an antenna corresponding to the determined number of the antennas.

Abstract: Embodiments of a communication circuit are described. This communication circuit includes an input node to receive a set of data symbols and a partitioner coupled to the input node. This partitioner is to divide the set of data symbols into M irregular subgroups of data symbols, a given one of which includes non-consecutive data symbols in the set of data symbols. Moreover, this given irregular subgroup of data symbols includes at least two pairs of adjacent data symbols having different inter-data-symbol spacings in the set of data symbols. This communication circuit also includes M modulators coupled to the partitioner, where the given irregular subgroup of data symbols is coupled to a given modulator in the M modulators. Furthermore, the communication circuit includes M output nodes, where a given output node in the M output nodes is coupled to the given modulator and is to couple to an antenna element in M antenna elements.

Abstract: A transmission scheme for transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal in the same frequency at the same time. According to the transmission scheme, a precoding weight multiplying unit multiplies a precoding weight by a baseband signal after a first mapping and a baseband signal after a second mapping and outputs the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal. In the precoding weight multiplying unit, precoding weights are regularly hopped.

Abstract: A method in a mobile communication terminal includes holding a definition of a sub-sampled codebook identifying precoding matrices to be used for providing precoding feedback by the terminal The precoding matrices in the sub-sampled codebook are selected from a master codebook that is made-up of a long-term sub-codebook and a short-term sub-codebook. The definition defines a first subset of the long-term sub-codebook and a second subset of the short-term sub-codebook. A Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) signal is received in the terminal via multiple receive antennas. Based on the received MIMO signal, a precoding matrix is selected from the sub-sampled codebook for precoding subsequent MIMO signals transmitted to the terminal. The precoding feedback indicating the selected precoding matrix is calculated.

Abstract: A satellite communication system using hierarchical modulation to transmit a plurality of modulated signals to sub-regions within a region. Each modulated signal includes high priority content and low priority content. The system includes a satellite equipped with a plurality of satellite transmitters coupled to a plurality of antenna elements, e.g. a phased array of antenna elements. The antenna elements are utilized selectively to direct a modulated signal from a satellite transmitter to a distinct sub-region. The satellite transmitters and antenna also cooperate to broadcast the high-priority content to the region such that a ground receiver traveling from a first sub-region to an adjacent second sub-region adjacent will not experience a loss of high-priority content. First low-priority content of a first modulated signal directed to the first sub-region is independent of second low-priority content of a second modulated signal directed to the second sub-region.

Abstract: A distortion compensation device includes: a memory configured to store a first and second table, different addresses being assigned to the first and second table respectively, each of the addresses being related to a distortion compensation coefficient to compensate for a non-linear distortion, a first address in the first table and a second address in the second table corresponding to respective first and second ranges of power or amplitude of a transmission signal, and parts of the first and second ranges overlapping each other; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: update the respective distortion compensation coefficients related to the first address and the second address simultaneously, in accordance with a single value of the power or the amplitude, and compensate for the non-linear distortion generated by an amplifier amplifying the power of the transmission signal, by using at least one of the first and second table.

Abstract: A method of transmitting pilots id disclosed. The method of transmitting pilots includes transmitting pilots over N orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, wherein a pilot at subcarrier k for OFDM symbol n is determined to have time varying characteristic, thereby to prevent the cause of spectral lines.

Abstract: A device and method for solving problems of the prior art in which channel information as well as a DC offset is removed when removing the DC offset using a feedback signal of a baseband amplifier is provided. The device includes a DC offset correcting unit for removing the DC offset using an HPF function and controlling a feedback path according to a control signal to stop the HPF function and a signal generator for generating the control signal for controlling the HPF function, wherein the control signal is a signal for controlling formation and cutting-off of the feedback path.

Abstract: A receiver circuit includes: a data interpolation switched capacitor circuit which samples a data signal and outputs a voltage value interpolated from a sampled voltage value in correspondence with an interpolation code indicating an interpolation ratio; a comparator which performs comparison between the voltage value outputted from the data interpolation switched capacitor circuit and a threshold value; a phase detection circuit which detects a boundary based on an output of the comparator and decides whether to advance or delay a phase; and an interpolation code generation circuit which generates an interpolation code corresponding to an output of the phase detection circuit, wherein a phase offset related to sampling is imparted and an offset corresponding to an amount of the phase offset is imparted to the threshold value of the comparator.

Abstract: An RF-LSI receives a first signal transmitted with a first system frequency and a second signal transmitted with a second system frequency. In the RF-LSI 50, a frequency converter 55 performs frequency conversion on the received first signal (i.e., a master-received signal) and the received second signal (i.e., a slave-received signal) such that the first signal and the second signal do not overlap each other on the frequency axis and the frequency of each of the first signal and the second signal falls within a range containing a reference frequency and having a predetermined bandwidth. A mixer mixes the first signal subjected to the frequency conversion and the second signal subjected to the frequency conversion. An ADC performs analog-to-digital conversion on the mixed signal.

Abstract: A receiver may comprise a sequence estimation circuit and operate in at least two modes. In a first mode, the sequence estimation circuit may process OFDM symbols received on a first number of data-carrying subcarriers to recover a number of mapped symbols per OFDM symbol that is greater than the first number. In a second mode, the sequence estimation circuit may process OFDM symbols received on a second number of data-carrying subcarriers to recover a number of mapped symbols per OFDM symbol that is equal to the second number. The second number may be equal to or different from the first number. While the receiver operates in the first mode, the sequence estimation circuit may be operable to generate candidate vectors and process the candidate vectors using a controlled ISCI model to generate reconstructed physical subcarrier values.

Abstract: A receiver is configured to perform symbol detection based on a total frequency domain received signal that comprises contribution from a block of time domain symbols. The receiver is configured to divide the block into plural sub-blocks, and for each sub-block to jointly detect the symbols of the sub-block while treating symbols of the block which are outside of the sub-block as noise.

Abstract: A communication device receives a reception signal including at least a first reception signal and a second reception signal, where the first reception signal is a signal to be transmitted using a first set of subcarriers and the second reception signal is a signal to be transmitted using a second set of subcarriers which overlaps with at least one end of the first set of subcarriers in a time frame. The communication device also demodulates information indicating data included in the first reception signal after reducing the second reception signal transmitted by using one or more overlapping subcarriers of the second set of subcarriers from the reception signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for reducing the amount of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that may be present in a received signal. A frequency component for the received component is generated. An EMI frequency, an EMI phase, and an EMI amplitude present in the frequency component are tracked. Cancelling data is generated responsive to the EMI frequency, the EMI phase, and the EMI amplitude present in the frequency component.

Abstract: The system and method of the present disclosure exploit the fact that an undesired phase offset between signals up-converted and transmitted by transmitters of at least two transceivers is correlative with a phase offset between signals received and down-converted by receivers of the at least two transceivers. Such correlation occurs when the transmitter and receiver in each of the at least two transceivers share the same local oscillator and thus experience the same or very similar random phase noise. Using this fact, the system and method of the present disclosure are configured to measure the phase offset between signals received and down-converted by the receivers of the at least two transceivers and then use the measured phase offset to compensate for the phase offset between the signals up-converted by the transmitters of the at least two transceivers. This compensation allows MIMO communication, such as spatial multiplexing, to be better performed.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure propose a method for determining preferred transmit and receive antenna patterns of a wireless device with respect to another wireless device. The method generally includes determining the beamforming or calibrating coefficients corresponding to the preferred transmit and receive antenna patterns of a wireless device iteratively.

Abstract: A processor, comprising a first data input configured to receive a stream of samples of a first signal having a spectral space, the stream having a data rate of at least 4 GHz; a second data input configured to receive a stream of samples of a second signal; a multitap correlator, configured to receive the first stream of samples and the second stream of samples, and producing at least one correlation output for each respective sequential sample of the first signal received; and a programmable control configured to alter a relationship of the stream of samples of the first signal and the stream of samples of the second signal, to thereby select, under program control, an alterable correlation output.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product are described. The apparatus generates a receive clock signal for receiving data from a multi-wire open-drain link by determining a transition in a signal received from the multi-wire open-drain link, generating a clock pulse responsive to the transition, delaying the clock pulse by a preconfigured first interval if the transition is in a first direction, and delaying the clock by a preconfigured second interval if the transition is in a second direction. The preconfigured first and/or second intervals are configured based on a rise time and/or a fall time associated with the communication interface and may be calibrated by measuring respective delays associated with clock pulses generated for first and second calibration transitions.

Abstract: Interpolator and decimator apparatuses and methods are improved by the addition of an elastic storage element in the signal path. In one exemplary embodiment, the elastic element comprises a FIFO which advantageously allows short term variation in sample clocks to be absorbed, and also provides a feedback mechanism for controlling a delta-sigma modulated modulo-N counter based sample clock generator. The elastic element combined with a delta-sigma modulator and counter creates a noise-shaped frequency lock loop without additional components, resulting in a much simplified interpolator and decimator.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for estimating symbol timing in a non-synchronized OFDM system. The present invention includes synchronizing a frame of a received signal, estimating the symbol timing of each symbol of the frame based on the synchronization, compensating for the symbol timing using a phase difference attributable to a Symbol Timing Offset (STO), variably changing within a Cyclic Prefix (CP) interval due to the frequency offset of a sampling clock and thermal noise, and performing channel equalization using a preamble based on output including corrected phase rotation.

Abstract: A burst mode CDR detects an edge from a data signal superimposed with a clock, and generates a recovered clock by means of a voltage controlled oscillator whose oscillation operation is reset based on a timing when the edge is detected. A phase adjustment unit adjusts the phase of a data signal so as to coincide with the phase of a recovered clock. A PLL-based CDR adjusts the oscillation frequency of the recovered clock by means of the voltage controlled oscillator, based on a phase difference between a data signal whose phase has been adjusted by the phase adjustment unit and a feedback clock from the voltage controlled oscillator. A determination unit determines the value of the data signal at a timing when the signal level of the recovered clock transitions.

Abstract: A clock and data recovery circuit includes: a first current source configured to supply a charge current through a first signal line; a second current source configured to supply a discharge current through a second signal line; a loop filter configured to convert the charge current into a first voltage signal and output the first voltage signal through a third signal line, and to convert the discharge current into a second voltage signal and output the second voltage signal through a fourth signal line; a voltage control oscillator configured to be controlled in frequency; and a phase detector configured to receive a data signal from outside and receive a clock signal from the voltage control oscillator, and to supply a control signal to each of the first current source and the second current source, and generate a recovery clock signal and a recovery data signal.

Abstract: An architecture for a fusion power plant is disclosed. The plant includes a fusion chamber for producing neutrons from a fusion reaction, and a laser system in which lasers are arranged about a vacuum chamber to provide energy to the fusion chamber to initiate the fusion reaction. The beam paths between the lasers and the fusion chamber are configured to prevent neutrons from the fusion chamber from reaching the laser system at a level that would preclude human access to the laser system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor device and a measurement method that enables high precision measurement of temperature or humidity or the like over a wide range. A semiconductor device of the present invention determines which is faster out of a reference oscillation and a thermistor oscillation, and using the faster oscillation as a reference, measures a count value based on the other oscillation. Moreover, the count based on the faster oscillation is employed as a reference value, and a count value based on the other oscillation when the reference value is taken as a measurement value. A frequency ratio is computed based on the reference value and the measurement value, and based on the computed frequency ratio, a table expressing correspondence relationships between frequency ratio and temperature is referred to and a temperature acquired.