Abstract: A system for making an image product includes a computer including a processor and a memory, a template stored in the memory, the template including a template graphic and a plurality of openings in the template graphic, an image stored in the memory, and the processor compositing the image into two or more of the plurality of openings, so that two different portions of the image are located in two different openings and the two different portions have the same relative locations in the composition as in the user image.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image processing apparatus which can simply and appropriately analyze an image, an image processing method, and a storage medium. The present invention reduces an original image and enlarges a reduced image obtained by the reduction. The present invention enlarges the original image. The present invention analyzes the original image by comparing a first enlarged image obtained by enlargement of the reduced image with a second enlarged image obtained by enlargement of the original image.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an image processing apparatus includes: a reading unit, a magnification change processing unit, a wait time acquiring unit, and a signal output unit. The reading unit reads image data from the memory line by line. The magnification change processing unit performs a magnification change process on the image data and outputs. The wait time acquiring unit acquires wait time information on a value corresponding to a wait time from when a synchronous signal, representing a start of read of the image data for each line, falls to when the magnification change process starts. The signal output unit outputs, to the reading unit, a permission signal indicating whether read of image data of a next line is permitted or denied based on the wait time information while the magnification change processing unit is outputting the image data.

Abstract: An image management system, image management method and program are provided that can favorably manage images for displaying images that underwent optimization processing or images for creating and displaying difference images in which the generation of artifacts is suppressed. An image from image generator 100 is input to server 109 and stored in storage device 105. The system then determines whether an image including attendant information that is the same as that of the input image is already registered in the system. When such an image is not already registered, attendant information included in the input image is read out and newly registered in association with the input image. In contrast, when an image including attendant information that is the same as that of the input image is registered in the system and the attendant information is registered, information indicating the fact that the image was input is registered.

Abstract: Search terms are derived automatically from images captured by a camera equipped cell phone, PDA, or other image capturing device, submitted to a search engine to obtain information of interest, and at least a portion of the resulting information is transmitted back locally to, or nearby, the device that captured the image.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a graphical document are provided. A graphical document is processed to identify one or more ideas associated with the graphical document. The identified ideas may be used to determine concepts to associate with the first electronic document and suggest those concepts for association with the first electronic document for use in a document distribution system that distributes documents based on a price parameter associated with concepts and a performance parameter. A request for a document associated with a concept is received. Responsive to the request, the graphical document is delivered if an association between the one or more ideas and the concept is determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to waveguide optical modulators wherein two or more waveguides are modulated with specific modulation strengths using a single straight signal electrode or a single multi-segment signal electrode. Modulation strengths for each of a plurality of waveguides modulated by a single multi-segment electrode are matched over a wide modulation frequency range. Linearized output characteristics with respect to second and third order distortions arc achieved in one aspect of the invention.

Abstract: An optical device for integrated photonic applications includes a substrate, a dielectric waveguide and a surface plasmon waveguide. The dielectric waveguide includes a dielectric waveguide core disposed relative to a dielectric waveguide cladding and a common cladding. The surface plasmon waveguide includes a surface plasmon waveguide core disposed relative to the common cladding and a surface plasmon waveguide cladding. The common cladding couples the dielectric waveguide and the surface plasmon waveguide.

Abstract: An optical fiber (FD) that can be used for measuring pressure is arranged as follows. The optical fiber (FD) comprises a core (CO) and a cladding (CL) surrounding and contacting the core (CO). A stress-applying arrangement (SE1, SE2), which is embedded in the cladding (CL), applies constant anisotropic stress on the core (CO). This causes the core (CO) to exhibit a deformation. A pressure conversion arrangement (HO1, H02), which is also embedded in the cladding (CL), converts isotropic external pressure applied to the optical fiber (FD) into pressure-dependent anisotropic stress applied to the core (CO). The pressure conversion arrangement (HO1, H02) is disposed with respect to the stress-applying arrangement (SE1, SE2) so that the pressure-dependent anisotropic stress enhances the deformation of the core (CO) caused by the constant anisotropic stress.

Abstract: An optical-electrical converting device includes a first substrate, a planar waveguide, a bearing member, a reflective member, a second substrate, a laser beam emitting member, and a driving chip. The first substrate includes a supporting surface. The planar waveguide is supported on the supporting surface, and includes a laser beam incident surface. The bearing member is supported on the supporting surface, and includes a sloped surface aligned with the laser beam incident surface. The reflective member is positioned on the sloped surface. The second substrate is supported on both the bearing member and the planar waveguide. The second substrate comprising a lower surface and an upper surface. The laser beam emitting member is positioned on the lower surface, and includes a laser beam emitting surface aligned with the reflective member. The driving chip is positioned on the upper surface, and is electrically connected to the laser beam emitting member.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an integrated opto-mechanical and electro-mechanical system. The opto-mechanical and electro-mechanical system can be made of photonic crystals configured to move based on electrical voltages and/or back action effects from electromagnetic waves, thus changing the resonance of the system.

Abstract: An optical switch includes a microresonator comprising a plurality of silicon nanoparticles within a silicon-rich silicon oxide layer. The microresonator further includes an optical coupler optically coupled to the microresonator and configured to be optically coupled to a signal source. A method of optical switching includes providing an optical switch comprising an optical coupler and a microresonator having a plurality of nanoparticles and receiving an optical pulse by the optical switch, wherein at least a portion of the optical pulse is absorbed by the nanoparticles such that at least a portion of the microresonator undergoes an elevation of temperature and a corresponding refractive index change when the optical pulse has an optical power greater than a predetermined threshold level.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch includes a light input output portion having an input port and an output port for wavelength-multiplexed light, which are arranged in an array form in a first direction, a light dispersive unit which separates the wavelength-multiplexed light input from the input port, into signal wavelengths, a condenser element which condenses light separated into the signal wavelengths, and a light deflective element array which deflects the signal light in the first direction such that, respective signal wavelength light condensed by the condenser element is switched to a desired output port. In such wavelength selective switch, the light input output portion is divided into m groups, and the light deflective element array is arranged in m rows in the first direction to correspond with the m groups of the light input output portion, wherein m is an integer.

Abstract: A high power (HP) fiber circulator is configured with a case enclosing a plurality of optical components which are arranged so as to define multiple ports. The fiber circulator further includes a plurality of launching and receiving fiber components each of which has spliced delivery and pigtailed passive fibers selectively coupling a HP input signal into and receiving a HP output signal from respective input and output ports. The passive fibers of each fiber component have respective protective coatings spaced from one another and each covering the cladding of the fibers. A light stripper, extending between the protective coatings, is operative to substantially remove cladding-supported light from one of the passive fibers before it reaches the protective coating of the other passive fiber.

Abstract: A light diffusing element diffuses light output from an output facet of an optical fiber that enters the light diffusing element at a first end and outputting the diffused light from a second end. The light diffusing element is equipped with a semireflective surface for reflecting a portion of the light, provided at a predetermined portion of the light diffusing element corresponding to the core of the output facet. The semireflective surface intersects at least with the optical axis of the optical fiber. Thereby, propagation of light in directions away from the optical axis of the optical fiber can be promoted during the step of reflecting the portion of the light that enters the light diffusing element.

Abstract: An optical fiber coupler includes a clad optical fiber core having a coupling window formed therein. A laser source is joined to emit light into the core through the coupling window. The core has an output coupler for partially reflecting a portion of light and transmitting a portion as output. A Bragg grating is formed in the core having a pitch and being positioned to reflect light from said laser source toward the output coupler. The pitch is variable in response to a temperature change. A thermal control device is joined to the core for adjusting its temperature and the Bragg grating pitch. In other embodiments a mode convertor is provided to reduce the output modes to selected modes.

Abstract: Embodiments include an apparatus including an optical fiber having a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end of the optical fiber has a surface configured to emit energy transverse to a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. The apparatus also includes a tube including a channel, and the distal end of the optical fiber is disposed in the channel of the tube. The apparatus further includes an element disposed at a distal end of the tube such that a pocket is formed in the channel of the tube between the element and the distal end of the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber comprising: (I) a germania doped central core region having outer radius r1 and (II) a maximum relative refractive index ?1max and a cladding region including (i) a first inner cladding region having an outer radius r2>5 microns and refractive index ?2; (ii) a and a second inner cladding region having an outer radius r3>9 microns and comprising refractive index ?3; and (iii) an outer cladding region surrounding the inner cladding region and comprising refractive index ?4, wherein ?1max>?4, ?2>?3, and wherein 0.01%??4??3?0.09%, said fiber exhibits a 22 m cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm, and 0.25?r1/r2?0.85.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to optical waveguides, and more particularly to optical fibers suitable for use with high optical energies, and to devices using them. One aspect of the invention is an optical fiber having a cross-sectional profile comprising a base glass material; a first ring of first low refractive index glass features disposed in the base glass material; and a second ring of second low refractive index glass features disposed in the base glass material outside of and substantially concentric with the first ring, wherein the optical fiber has a loss of less than about 0.7 dB/m for the fundamental mode and a loss greater than about 10 dB/m for all other modes in a coiled configuration having a coil diameter in the range of about 20 cm to about 200 cm.

Abstract: A low attenuation single mode optical fiber includes a core layer and claddings. The core layer has the relative refractive index difference (RRID) ?1 ranging from ?0.1% to +0.1% and the radius R1 ranging from 4.0 ?m to 6.0 ?m. The claddings have three claddings layers surrounding the core layer. The RRID of the first cladding layer ?2 ranges from ?0.2% to ?0.6%, and the radius R2 thereof ranges from 10 ?m to 22 ?m. The RRID of the second cladding layer ?3 is less than ?2. The RRID and radius of the first cladding layer and the RRID and radius of the second cladding layer satisfy the relationship of: V=(?2??3)×(R3?R2), and the value of V ranges from 0.15% ?m to 0.8% ?m. The third cladding layer is all the layers that closely surround the second cladding layer, and the RRID of each layer is greater than ?3.

Abstract: A flexible dust cover is provided for use with a parallel optical communications module for preventing airborne matter, such as dirt, dust, and gases from entering the module. The flexible dust cover fits snugly to the module to protect components of the module and the optical pathways of the module from airborne matter. The flexible dust cover has an elasticity that allows it to be temporarily deformed from its original shape to a stretched state by application of a stretching force to enable the module to be inserted into a central opening formed in the cover. The force is then removed, causing the cover to attempt to return to its original, non-stretched shape. When this happens, interior surfaces of the cover form a snug fit about exterior surfaces of the module. This snug fit fills in air gaps in the module that would otherwise be exposed to the environment.

Abstract: An optical fiber attenuator includes a connector unit, an insert component and an attenuation unit. The connector unit includes a shell member and having a first shell part, and a second shell part that extends from and forms a unitary body with the first shell part, that reduces in cross-section with respect to the first shell part, and that cooperates with the first shell part to define a through hole. A resilient portion is connected to and extends inclinedly and outwardly away from the second shell part and towards the first shell part. The insert component includes an insert body disposed in the through hole, and a trench formed in the insert body. The attenuation unit has one end inserted into the trench and another end inserted into the second shell part.

Abstract: The present inventions relate to optical components which include quantum confined semiconductor nanoparticles, wherein at least a portion of the nanoparticles include a ligand attached to a surface thereof, the ligand being represented by the formula: X-Sp-Z, wherein: X represents a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, a urea, a thiourea, an imidizole group, an amide group, an other nitrogen containing group, a carboxylic acid group, a phosphonic or arsonic acid group, a phosphinic or arsinic acid group, a phosphate or arsenate group, a phosphine or arsine oxide group; Sp represents a spacer group, such as a group capable of allowing a transfer of charge or an insulating group; and Z represents: (i) a reactive group capable of communicating specific chemical properties to the nanocrystal as well as provide specific chemical reactivity to the surface of the nanocrystal, and/or (ii) a group that is cyclic, halogenated, or polar a-protic.

Abstract: A playback device for playing back a playlist by determining, as a current sub-playitem, a sub-playitem that is optimum for the current sub-playitem each time a current playitem changes. The playback device continues a playback of a playitem when a clip file being referred to by the current sub-playitem has been downloaded and is in an Enable state in the local storage; and stops, by issuing a DataStarved event, the playback of the playitem when the clip file being referred to by the current sub-playitem is in a missing state or an invalid state in a recording medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of creating motion pictures in a portable device. The method includes detecting whether an event occurs while a stored motion picture file is being played, if an event occurs, extracting and playing a video stream of the motion picture file simultaneously after the occurrence, and creating a user motion picture file by producing a user audio stream and compounding the user audio stream with the extracted video stream. Further disclosed is a method of providing contents in a portable device. This method includes selecting a stored receiver's information, saving and playing simultaneously, if an event occurs, a video stream of the motion picture file after the occurrence, creating a customized audio stream according to the receiver's information and producing a user's motion picture file by compounding the audio stream with the video stream, attaching the user's motion picture file to a message, and transmitting the message.

Abstract: In a high speed image capturing state, a camera signal processing circuit is not needed to perform a signal process at a high screen rate, but at a regular screen rate. In the high speed image capturing mode, raw data of 240 fps received from an image sensor 101 are recorded on a recording device 111 through a conversion processing section 201 and a recording device controlling circuit 210. Raw data that have been decimated and size-converted are supplied to a camera signal processing circuit 203 through a pre-processing circuit 202 and an image being captured is displayed on a display section 112 with a signal for which a camera process has been performed.

Abstract: A transport stream reproduction device, method thereof, and recording medium for efficiently reproducing transport streams. The reproduction section acquires an entry point map from said recording medium, compares a presentation time stamp (PTS) listed in the entry point map with the designated reproduction start position, and searches entry points adjacent to said designated reproduction start position, and a calculation section calculates an address of a transport packet corresponding to the entry points.

Abstract: A computer readable medium may have a data structure for managing reproduction of a data stream including a navigation area for storing navigation data associated with the data stream representing a portion of at least one reproduction path, the navigation data including indication information, the indication information for indicating whether the data stream represents multiple reproduction paths or the data stream represents a single reproduction path. The navigation data may include path number information and an indicator associated with each reproduction path, the path number information for identifying number of the multiple reproduction paths, and the indicator for indicating a file associated with the associated one of the multiple reproduction paths.

Abstract: A thumbnail generating apparatus includes a moving image extracting portion, a reduction and enlargement ratio calculating portion and a reducing and enlarging unit. The moving image extracting portion extracts a moving image corresponding to a period shorter than a reproduction time of moving image based on the number and area of face detection regions obtained from face detection information generated by detecting a face of person included in the moving image. The reduction and enlargement ratio calculating portion integrates the face detection regions at intervals of certain time based on the face detection information of the moving image extracted by the moving image extracting portion, and calculates a reduction and enlargement ratio of the moving image based on the integration result such that a face of person included in the moving image extracted by the moving image extracting portion is largely displayed.

Abstract: A data structure includes content data and accompanying data which is formed on the basis of a plurality of first units, the accompanying data being used for displaying information accompanying the content data. Among the first units in which time information is defined, the time of a target first unit based on the order of the first units is set to be later than the decoding time defined in the first unit arranged in the order earlier than the target first unit by an amount equal to N first units where N indicates the upper limit of the number of first units that can be stored in a buffer provided for a decoder for decoding the first units.

Abstract: A system is provided that facilitates achieving a goal associated with a particular video asset. The system may provide an interface through which a user may specify control parameters that are to be the targets of testing, and a goal or combination of goals. The system may control a controller that performs experiments in an attempt to identify optimal values, relative to the specified goals, for the control parameters. The optimal values may be determined and tested on a per-individual-video asset basis. Further, the controller may generate multiple sets of optimal values for a given video, where each set is associated with a different combination of request attributes. To estimate the optimal parameter values for one video, the controller may use usage information collected for that video, as well as usage information collected for similar videos.

Abstract: One disclosed aspect of the embodiments relates to a technique, when a moving image file is divided and divisional moving images are reproduced simultaneously in a plurality of display areas, for allowing a user to easily search for a desired scene in the entire moving image more quickly. A moving image reproducing apparatus divides a moving image to generate a plurality of divisional moving images and reproduces the divisional moving images simultaneously. If the user issues an instruction to divide a first divisional moving image that is being reproduced and generate a plurality of second divisional moving images, in response to the instruction, the apparatus acquires a reproduction position of the first divisional moving image. The apparatus starts reproduction of the plurality of second divisional moving images at a position corresponding to the acquired reproduction position.

Abstract: Method and systems for operating a media equipment device having at least a full-power mode and an off-power mode are provided. A voltage supply to the media equipment device may be controlled by the media equipment device itself or by an external power management unit to automatically power-off the media equipment device, and power the device back on a future time. Prior to powering off the media equipment device, a portion of program schedule information stored in the volatile memory of the media equipment device may be mirrored to nonvolatile memory and may be restored on a priority basis after the media equipment device is powered back up. An external power management unit for controlling the media equipment device may also automatically detect and identify devices in the home based on a power signature of the device and manage the operation of the device based on the identification.

Abstract: A recording apparatus records data to a plurality of recording media including a first recording medium and a second recording medium. The recording apparatus includes an input unit configured to receive data, a recording/reproducing unit configured to record/reproduce data to/from the plurality of recording media, and a control unit configured to select, during a dubbing process of reading first data recorded on the first recording medium and recording the first data onto the second recording medium, in response to an instruction to record second data received by the input unit, a recording medium other than the second recording medium from among the plurality of recording media and to control the recording/reproducing unit to record the second data onto the selected recording medium.

Abstract: Automated personal video recording on a personal video recorder, including recording shows, each show having an original compression level; further compressing a recorded show to a new compression level, the new compression level being higher than the recorded show's original compression level, thereby making available free space; and recording at least part of a new show in free space made available by further compressing the recorded show. Embodiments include recording a show having a compression level and increasing the show's compression level while recording.

Abstract: Methods and products to deliver at least a portion of an advertisement to a viewer at normal playback speeds after receiving a command from the viewer to fast-forward through an advertisement faster than normal playback speeds is described. In certain embodiments, the invention delivers a portion of the advertisement to be played at normal playback speeds to the viewer; and delivers the remaining portion of the advertisement to be played at a playback speed that is faster than the specified playback speed so that the combination of the portions delivered at normal and faster playback speeds is delivered to the user at the specified playback speed. In some other embodiments, the invention delivers at least a portion of the first advertisement to the viewer at normal playback speeds; and delivers one or more other advertisements to the viewer simultaneously with the first advertisement with the audio information muted based on the specified playback speed.

Abstract: Providing previews of seek locations in digital media is disclosed. While playback of the media content is progressing as normal a snapshot such as a thumbnail is displayed to show the user a representation of the media content that is associated with a seek location. The functionality of a transport key may be temporarily modified. The temporary modification allows the user to seek to a desired location very accurately and may result in fewer input keys being selected. Moreover, because the modification is temporary a great deal of flexibility is provided.

Abstract: A playback apparatus includes the following elements. An input receives content data and accompanying data formed on the basis of a plurality of first units and used for displaying information accompanying the content data. A first storage section stores, among the plurality of first units forming the accompanying data received by the input section, a first unit in which decoding time information concerning a decoding time is defined. A time information storage section stores the decoding time information. A decoder extracts the first unit from the first storage section and decodes the first unit in accordance with the decoding time information stored in the time information storage section. A second storage section stores the first unit decoded by the decoder. The time information storage section at least has a capacity based on an upper limit of the number of first units stored in the first storage section.

Abstract: On a recording medium, stereoscopic and monoscopic specific areas are located one after another next to a stereoscopic/monoscopic shared area. The stereoscopic/monoscopic shared area is a contiguous area to be accessed both in stereoscopic video playback and monoscopic video playback. The stereoscopic specific area is a contiguous area to be accessed immediately before a long jump occurring in stereoscopic video playback. In both the stereoscopic/monoscopic shared area and the stereoscopic specific area, extents of base-view and dependent-view stream files are arranged in an interleaved manner. The extents on the stereoscopic specific area are next in order after the extents on the stereoscopic/monoscopic shared area. The monoscopic specific area is a contiguous area to be accessed immediately before a long jump occurring in monoscopic video playback. The monoscopic specific area has a copy of the entirety of the extents of the base-view stream file recorded on the stereoscopic specific area.

Abstract: A recording device for capturing and processing image data in a vehicle is proposed. The recording device comprises an optical image generating sensor and an image processor for processing image data and a communication processor for bidirectional communication with the vehicle. The image data and additional vehicle data is imaged into the data structure of the vehicle bus system together as mixed data.

Abstract: A retractable camera platform system allows a mounted camera to be hidden while not in use. The system retracts a camera platform into a recess in the ceiling, wall and the like of a room, building, hallway or other structure. The system includes the camera platform that opens a door assembly or a cover so that the camera may operate when needed. The door assembly or cover hides the camera and the associated frame structure when not in use. An actuator and linear slide track raise and lower the camera as desired.

Abstract: The present invention provides a shake correction device which can not generate the hysteresis phenomenon and can suppress unnecessary resonance and improve endurance with respect to drop impact. In this shake correction device, the eddy current induction plate 16a of +Z side is opposite to and has a gap with the surface (14a) of the +Z side of the permanent magnet (14) which is arranged to wind around the optical axis at an interval of 90 degree in the Z direction, the eddy current induction plate 16b of radial direction is opposite to and has a space with the surface (14b) of the outside in the radial direction, and the eddy current induction plate 16c of the periphery direction is opposite to and has a gap with the surface (14c) in the periphery direction.

Abstract: An electrical drive device for a bending photographing optical system, the bending photographing optical system including a movable optical element that is movable in an optical axis direction and a reflection optical element positioned on the optical axis, the electrical drive device includes a motor provided with a leadscrew which extends therefrom in a direction parallel to the optical axis and drives the movable optical element to move in a direction of the optical axis. The leadscrew includes a threaded portion which screw-engages with a nut member provided on the movable optical element, and a small-diameter portion having a smaller diameter than that of the threaded portion, the small-diameter portion being positioned beside a side surface of the reflection optical element.

Abstract: A method includes detecting wavelength collision including identifying a pair or pairs of ONTs that transmit the colliding wavelengths and recovering from collision wherein wavelengths of the pair or pairs of ONTs that cause collisions are re-adjusted to eliminate the collision.

Abstract: The present invention includes method and apparatus for storing provisioned information within the optical switches and retrievable by every controller. The optical switches perform failure isolation according to their provisioning information. The optical switches monitor each channel for loss of signal. The provisioning information is shared autonomously between the optical switches allowing the switches to retrieve the provisioning information of the network topology from any other optical switch in the network. Fault isolation is done by the optical switch on the level of optical switch provisioning following the paradigm of “single alarm for single fault,” thus avoiding alarm floods and ambiguous alarms, thereby saving the operator time and money.

Abstract: A module for routing packets of first and second optical signals comprising first and second inputs (A,B) for receiving the first and second optical signals and first and second outputs (C,D) for the optical signals. The module comprises optical switching means (8) for switching the first optical signal and the second optical signal to either one of the two outputs (C,D), and a correlator module (7). The correlator module comprises at least two optical correlators (9,10,11,12). The correlator module (7) is arranged to generate control signals for controlling the switching means (8) based on destination data in packets of the first and second signals such that if packets of the first and second optical signals overlap, the switching means directs the packet that was received first to the output (C,D) indicated by the destination data of that packet and the overlapping subsequent packet is directed to the other output (C,D) or blocked.

Abstract: A network element of a transport network has three fabrics housed within a single shelf of a telco rack, namely a packet fabric, an electrical fabric and an optical fabric. A stream of traffic including a plurality of lambdas is received at a trunk interface of such a shelf. The optical fabric in the shelf performs optical switching on the stream to replace a first lambda in the stream with a second lambda. The first lambda is converted within the shelf into an electrical signal. Also within the shelf, first frames are recovered from the electrical signal. The packet fabric in the shelf is used to perform packet switching on the first frames to generate a flow of second frames. The flow of second frames is transmitted at a client interface of the shelf.

Abstract: An asymmetrical and dynamic routing system (ADRS) is provided to enable the dynamic adjustment of the bandwidth capacity of two or more network devices exchanging data. The two or more network devices monitor their current bandwidth demand between themselves and others in a network and a first network device can transmit bandwidth request to a second network device when the first network device reaches transmission bandwidth capacity. Each network device is further configured with additional transmit and receive ports and can be selectively enabled in response to a bandwidth request from other network devices. Each network device is further configured to generate control signals that are sent to optical mirrors to re-direct data signals to or from the one or more enabled additional transmit and receive ports.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch includes a wavelength dispersing element, a wavelength converging element, multiple transmission control elements, and a controller. The wavelength dispersing element performs wavelength dispersion of input signal light. The transmission control element divides input signal light into wavelength bands within a channel band and transmits or cuts off the divided input signal light. The wavelength converging element converges signal light having respective wavelengths produced from the transmission control elements for output. The controller controls a transmittance of the transmission control element of at least one of the low and high frequency sides in a channel band.

Abstract: A compensator device may include a selection switch to receive a first optical signal and provide first and second groups of channels associated with the first optical signal; a polarization beam splitter to receive the first channels, and provide first and second components; a photodiode that provides an electrical signal indicative of an intensity of the first group of channels; a first modulator to receive the electrical signal and the first components and to modulate the first components to form first modulated channels; a second modulator to receive the electrical signal and the second components to modulate the second components to form second modulated channels; a polarization beam combiner to receive the first and second modulated channels to form combined modulated channels; and a coupler to receive the combined modulated channels and the second group of channels to form a second optical signal.