Abstract: An apparatus (36) includes a motion amplification structure (52), an actuator (54), and a sense electrode (50) in proximity to the structure (52). The actuator (54) induces an axial force (88) upon the structure (52), which causes a relatively large amount of in-plane motion (108) in one or more beams (58, 60) of the structure (52). When sidewalls (98) of the beams (58, 60) exhibit a skew angle (28), the in-plane motion (108) of the beams (58, 60) produces out-of-plane motion (110) of a paddle element (62) connected to the end of the beams (58, 60). The skew angle (28), which results from an etch process, defines a degree to which the sidewalls (98) of beams (58, 60) are offset or tilted from their design orientation. The out-of-plane motion (110) of element (62) is sensed at the electrode (50), and is utilized to determine an estimated skew angle (126).

Abstract: Device and method for detecting a defect in a workpiece with a broadband transducer (10), a driving circuit connected to the transducer to operate the transducer in a actuator mode, a signal output circuit connectable to operate in a sensor mode, a control for selectively connecting the transducer to the driving circuit or signal output circuit wherein the driving circuit includes at least a pair of oscillators for generating signals of at least frequencies F1 and F2 and a summer for summing the signals to provide a driving circuit for the transducer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved pipe inspection system and related methods. In one embodiment, the invention provides an airbourne acoustic pipe inspection system and method. The present invention further comprises a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing executable computer program code for inspecting pipes.

Abstract: A method for measuring the tread thickness from the radially outermost belt surface within a tire to the tread surface accurately by ultrasonic measurement whatever the type of belt material is. The method includes the steps of measuring a profile of the tread surface, identifying the bottom positions of circumferentially extending grooves from the profile measured, estimating the depths from the groove bottoms to the belt surface from the identified groove bottoms and pre-created tire design data, predicting thicknesses by calculating predicted thicknesses from the tread surface to the belt surface from the relationship between the thicknesses from the identified groove bottoms to the tread surface in the profile and the estimated depths from the groove bottoms to the belt surface, and setting amplification factors for received reflected waves according to a reflection factor-thickness data map prepared beforehand in correspondence to the predicated thicknesses.

Abstract: A MEMS rate sensor device. In an embodiment, the sensor device includes a MEMS rate sensor configured overlying a CMOS substrate. The MEMS rate sensor can include a driver set, with four driver elements, and a sensor set, with six sensing elements, configured for 3-axis rotational sensing. This sensor architecture allows low damping in driving masses and high damping in sensing masses, which is ideal for a MEMS rate sensor design. Low driver damping is beneficial to MEMS rate power consumption and performance, with low driving electrical potential to achieve high oscillation amplitude.

Abstract: A differential pressure sensor includes a containment body defining a first and a second cavity separated by a separation wall; a piston housed slidably in the first cavity and comprising a magnet; a magnetic sensor housed in the second cavity near the separation wall for sensing the axial distance of the magnet from the separation wall; a positioning system housed in the second cavity and having one portion of a first axial end thereof which supports the magnetic sensor and is elastically yieldable in an axial direction and away from the separation wall, the positioning system being structured so that when it is moved towards the separation wall, the magnetic sensor contacts the latter before the positioning system reaches an axial stroke end, said stroke end being reached thanks to the above-mentioned elastic yielding.

Abstract: A semiconductor pressure sensor (720) includes a thin film piezoelectric element (701) which applies strain to a portion of a semiconductor substrate that corresponds to a thin region (402). The thin film piezoelectric element (701) is formed at a distance away from diffusion resistors (406, 408, 410, and 412) functioning as strain gauges and is extended to the proximity of a bonding pad (716A) connected to an upper electrode layer of the thin film piezoelectric element and a bonding pad (716F) connected to a lower electrode thereof. The diffusion resistors (406, 408, 410, and 412) constitute a bridge circuit by metal wiring (722) and diffusion wiring (724). During self-diagnosis, a prescribed voltage is applied to a thin film piezoelectric element (701). If the output difference of the bridge circuit between before and after the voltage application falls outside a prescribed range, it is determined that a breakage occurs in the semiconductor pressure sensor (720).

Abstract: An FBG strain sensor for measuring strains to curved surfaces, includes a fibre which is fixed between two securing elements whose undersides are designed as adhesive surfaces, the optical fibre and these securing elements being embedded in a protective compound which consists of a soft silicone rubber or a plastic that has comparable mechanical properties, and the fibre being embedded between an upper and a lower thin sliding film or a sliding tube that consists of Teflon or of a plastic which has a low friction coefficient comparable to Teflon, the underside of the lower sliding film or the lower external surface-line of the sliding tube lying in a plane with the adhesive surfaces of the securing elements.

Abstract: A steam quality and flow rate measurement system is described. Embodiments of the system include a steam quality measuring device having a converging/diverging nozzle and ceramic spacer. The steam quality measuring device can be adapted to measure an impedance of a two-phase steam to determine steam quality. The converging/diverging nozzle can be implemented to mix the two-phase flow and reduce pressure loss. The ceramic spacer can be positioned such that steam is in a cross flow when interfacing with the ceramic spacer inside the steam quality measuring device. By placing the spacer in such a position, an electrically conductive liquid phase can be prevented from coating a surface of the ceramic spacer.

Abstract: Circuit and method for grid synchronization of a magneto inductive flow measuring device having a measuring transducer and a power supply. A direct current signal for supplying the measuring transducer with power is transmitted from the power supply to the measuring transducer via two signal conductors, characterized by method steps as follows: producing at the power supply a differential synchronization signal for synchronizing the flow measurement with the grid frequency; transmitting the differential synchronization signal to the measuring transducer via the two signal conductors; separating at the measuring transducer the differential synchronization signal from the direct current signal; and processing the differential synchronization signal for synchronizing the flow measurement with the grid frequency.

Abstract: The present invention is an ultrasonic sensor comprising a ring-shaped ultrasonic vibrator that is disposed on an outer circumferential surface of a conduit tube in which a minute flow quantity substance flows and that is vibrated by application of high frequency signals and generates high frequency signals by receiving the vibration and a pair of damping members that are arranged so as to grasp and fix the ultrasonic vibrator, wherein an annular soft uniform matching member having a width along said conduit tube larger than that of said ultrasonic vibrator is provided between an inner circumferential surface of said ultrasonic vibrator and said outer circumferential surface of said conduit tube, and said matching member is made of a material having a sound propagation velocity substantially equal to a sound propagation velocity of the substance flowing in the conduit tube, and an ultrasonic flowmeter using it.

Abstract: A valve is provided having a valve housing/body configured to be arranged in, or form part of, a piping having a fluid flow, and configured with a pressure tap arranged at a location along the piping to allow pressure of the fluid flow of the piping to be measured, and also having a rotatable orifice plate configured to rotate in the valve body/housing on an axis of rotation positioned at a different location along the piping than the pressure tap for rotating between a first rotatable position for providing a normal fluid flow operation and a second rotatable position substantially perpendicular to the fluid flow for providing a direct flow measurement of the fluid flow determined based on signaling sensed by the pressure tap sensor containing information about a measured pressure at the pressure tap when the orifice plate is in the second rotatable position.

Abstract: A single straight tube flowmeter has a body; a tube through which a flow of fluid passes; two systems of excitation of oscillations in two planes which are perpendicular to one another and including adaptor units; a block of processing of information data including a phase shift of the adaptors located in one plane, frequency of oscillations of the tube, and temperatures of the tube and the body and outputting results of measurement of a mass flow rate and density of the fluid; and components for imparting to the tube a rotary motion relative to its neutral immovable position to increase accuracy of measurements by suppressing vibration disturbances.

Abstract: A technique to assess or analyze cap removal or opening torque or rotational position is provided. In at least one form, a high speed, on-line machine vision system measures or determines the rotational position of a cap on a bottle, measures or determines the rotational position of the finish or neck of the same bottle, and then optionally uses such positional information to predict the opening or removal torque that will be required for a consumer to remove the bottle cap from the bottle.

Abstract: A method for monitoring brake torque of an elevator having a motor is provided. The method may engage an elevator brake for a predefined duration, determine a displacement of an output shaft of the motor during the predefined duration, and generate an alert if the displacement exceeds a predefined threshold.

Abstract: An optical sensor, an optical encoder, a torque detection apparatus, and an electric power steering apparatus less affected by fluctuations in the amount of detected light and with an improved resolution are provided. The optical sensor includes a first polarizing layer that splits incident light to light with a first polarization direction, a first photoreceiver that receives first polarized light split by the first polarizing layer, a second polarizing layer that splits the incident light to light with a second polarization direction, and a second photoreceiver that receives second polarized light split by the second polarizing layer. The first photoreceiver and the second photoreceiver are positioned alternatingly and spaced uniformly with each other.

Abstract: Thermal ribbon analysis is achieved via various approaches.

Abstract: The invention refers to a device for positioning the rotor of a gas turbine linearly actuating a piston rod that actuates on its end a ratched wheel that moves the rotor of the gas turbine. The device includes an eccentric wheel and a synchronous motor, such that the piston rod is moved through the eccentric wheel, connected to the synchronous motor. The device also includes an incremental counter controlling the angular position of the synchronous motor.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises an actuator having a motor, a housing and a thrust rod, where the actuator is configured to convert rotational motion of the motor into axial motion of the thrust rod. A movable holder is coupled to the thrust rod, and configured for axial motion of a tool coupling therewith. A bearing assembly is coupled to the actuator, extending along an axis thereof. The bearing assembly is configured to engage with the bearing to provide positional stability for the movable holder and tool coupling, when positioned along the actuator axis by motion of the thrust rod.

Abstract: A worm gear unit is fitted to an output shaft of a motor rotation unit. A bearing supports the output shaft rotatably and makes contact with the worm gear unit, which is applied with thrust load and moved to an other side. A yoke has a bottom portion surrounding the motor rotation unit on one side and having a shaft hole through which the output shaft passes. An axial hollow is formed in the bottom portion by press working to be coaxial with the shaft hole and to open on the one side to accommodate the bearing. A projected piece is formed simultaneously with the axial hollow in the press working. The projected piece is projected inward in a radial direction toward the axial hollow and located between the motor rotation unit and the bearing in the axial direction.

Abstract: A power assist steering system utilizing a steering gearbox with a worm-screw to gear-segment transition from a steering-wheel shaft to a sector shaft and a worm-screw to worm-wheel transition from a power-assist shaft to the steering-wheel shaft. The worm-screw and worm-wheel combination for the power-assist shaft to the steering-wheel shaft may be replaced with a ballnut worm-screw and a ball-track worm-wheel. The system provides for an additional amount of 800 watts or more of power to be made available at the sector shaft with 1600 watts or less of power being made available at the power-assist shaft.

Abstract: Anchor towers useful in the alteration of a position of an item connected to an anchor are described. An anchor tower includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve disposed over and operably connected to the inner sleeve such that movement of the outer sleeve results in movement of the inner sleeve. A groove is disposed on the inner sleeve and an inwardly-extending projection is disposed on the outer sleeve. Relative movement between the inner and outer sleeves results in movement of the projection within the groove. This movement can produce desired movement of a portion of the inner sleeve, such as a distal arm, based on a structural configuration of the groove.

Abstract: An electromotive linear drive, in particular for adjusting movably mounted parts of lounging and seating furniture, has a drive motor, a threaded spindle, a speed-reducing gear unit arranged between the drive motor and the threaded spindle, and a spindle nut (9) located on the threaded spindle. The spindle nut is optionally lockable in the direction of rotation and movable in the axial direction of the threaded spindle, depending on the direction of rotation of the threaded spindle. A lifting element can be driven by the axial movement of the spindle nut to adjust the movable furniture parts. Such a linear drive has a simple design, is easy to assemble and operate, and guarantee a robust mounting arrangement for the drive parts.

Abstract: There is provided a control device for a transmission for shifting a driving force of an engine. The transmission includes at least two input shafts configured to be driven by the driving force of the engine, intermediate shafts provided correspondingly to the at least two input shafts and configured such that driving forces of the input shafts are respectively transmitted thereto, and a clutch provided between the input shafts and the intermediate shafts and configured to transmit the driving forces from the input shafts to the intermediate shafts. A non-use shaft detection section is configured to detect a non-use state of the intermediate shafts based on a transmission state of the clutch.

Abstract: A worm gear has a worm wheel, a drive shaft, and a flexible shaft. The worm wheel meshes with a worm shaft, which is driven by the drive shaft. The flexible shaft can be arranged in the drive shaft with a radial gap between at least a portion of the flexible shaft and the drive shaft. The flexible shaft can be coupled to the drive shaft such that a first spring constant is provided for displacement of the flexible shaft in a radial direction within a first range and a second spring constant is provided for displacement of the flexible shaft in the radial direction within a second range.

Abstract: An oiling device for an axle with spur gearing comprising a first rotating component which is surrounded by a housing and immersed in a lubricant. A first shaft is mounted to rotate by way of first and second bearings and is continuously connected to a third rotating component and a second rotating component that engages the first rotating component and is arranged above the surface of the lubricant. A fourth rotating component is continuously connected to a second shaft that is spaced from the first shaft. The lubricant is at least partially dispersed in the housing by rotation of the first rotating component. The second shaft and the first rotating component are arranged within the same housing and the lubricant that is dispersed by the first rotating component can be caught and selectively dispersed by at least one collecting channel.

Abstract: An apparatus for manually shifting an automatic transmission can include a lever assembly, a coupling member and a lock arrangement. The lever assembly can include a variable length lever. The coupling member can be connected at a first end to the lever assembly and can be adapted to be coupled at a second end to a shift lever of the transmission. The lock arrangement can be associated with the lever assembly, and can be configured to provide for selective movement of the variable length lever between a stowed position having a first length and a deployed position having a second length greater than the first length. Actuation of the lever assembly can be adapted to move the shift lever to manually release a parking lock of the automatic transmission.

Abstract: A spatial-link-type manipulator, comprising a drive device (10), links and rotating shafts connected between the links; the drive device comprises a connecting shaft (13); the connecting shaft comprises an outer wall (131) and an inner wall (133); each link comprises a large boom (20), a small boom (30), an oblique large boom (60), an oblique small boom (50) and a terminal component (40); the large boom and the oblique large boom are respectively a straight link; the small boom and the oblique small boom are respectively a bent link; the large boom, the small boom and one end of the terminal component form a primary motion chain; the oblique large boom, the oblique small boom and the other end of the terminal component form a secondary motion chain; the drive device drives the large boom to move around a rotating shaft A so as to drive the primary motion chain, and drives the secondary motion chain via the terminal component so as to realize rectilinear motion of the terminal component.

Abstract: In one aspect, a translational parallel manipulator is provided and includes a fixed platform including three guide members. The three guide members include first ends and second ends, and the first ends of the three guide members are all coupled to each other and the second ends of the three guide members are all spaced-apart from each other. The manipulator also includes a movable platform spaced-apart from the fixed platform and three serial subchains coupled between the three guide members and the movable platform. In one aspect, a translational parallel manipulator is provided and includes a fixed platform, a movable platform spaced-apart from the fixed platform, and a plurality of subchains coupled between the fixed platform and the movable platform. At least one of the plurality of subchains includes no more than four one degree-of-freedom joints.

Abstract: An actuating element for actuating an instrument for performing minimally invasive interventions comprises a first handle half-shell and a second handle half-shell movable relative to each other and connected with each other at one end by a biasing mechanism; a tube arranged substantially centrally between the handle half-shells; a linkage mechanism arranged between the handle half-shells and the tube in order to transmit an actuating movement of the handle half-shells; a locking mechanism with a latching rocker arranged on the first handle half-shell and a locking rocker arranged on the second handle half-shell, wherein the two rockers enter into locking connection with each other through an opening provided therefor in the tube when the handle half-shells are moved together, and wherein the rockers are mounted around a pivot axis such that a swiveling or pivoting movement of the rockers lies within a plane defined by the handle half-shells.

Abstract: Construction is achieved that is capable of maintaining overall strength of a cylindrical-shaped steering column, while at the same time making it possible to make the thickness part of the steering column thin. An outer column 10b, which is a column member of a steering column is formed by connecting in the axial direction a main portion 18 made using a light metal alloy with a cylindrical member 19 made of an iron-based alloy. A ring 22 made using a metallic material is fitted and fastened to the inner diameter side of the cylindrical member 19 in the connecting section between the main portion 18 and the cylindrical member 19. The inner diameter of the ring 22 is equal to or greater than the inner diameter of the portion of the main portion 18 that is separated in the axial direction from the connecting section with the cylindrical member 19, and is equal to or less than the inner diameter of the cylindrical member 19.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a steering column, including: an inner tube; an outer tube formed in a hollow shape into which the inner tube is inserted and including a pair of telescope guides protruding to an outer circumferential surface thereof, a first slit cut in an axial direction between the pair of telescope guides, and a second slit cut toward both sides of a circumferential direction at one end of the first slit; and a control lever installed on the telescope guides, wherein the telescope guides have a taper that is formed obliquely along a lengthwise direction, and the operating force of the lever is uniformly maintained according to the position of the control lever in the lengthwise direction by means of the taper.

Abstract: A pedal apparatus for a vehicle includes a pedal bracket fixed to a dashboard, a cowl bracket fixed to a cowl panel, and a pedal arm hinge-coupled to the pedal bracket and having a reverse-swivel protrusion and a pedal on both sides of the pedal arm. Also, a reverse-swivel lever is hinge-coupled to the pedal bracket, and on an upper side of the reverse-swivel lever has an extension extending upwards and being positioned in front of the cowl bracket, and, on a lower side of the reverse-swivel lever has a reverse-swivel pin positioned below the reverse-swivel protrusion.

Abstract: An adjustable auxiliary brake control system for an educational driving vehicle with a main brake and a driver seat comprises an auxiliary brake assembly, a connecting frame, a supporting structure and a brake cable. The system attains strong and reliable support from a driver-seat-bracket to achieve auxiliary brake control from the passenger compartment through the brake cable. The system is easy to install and uninstall, universally fits to variable vehicle models, and has a non-damaging installation process.

Abstract: A pedal operation amount detection apparatus comprising: a transmitting member that transmits a pedal operation force; a movement lever disposed so as to be movable with respect to the transmitting member; a sensor rod disposed so as to be connected to the transmitting member and the movement lever; and a deformable body that is disposed on the transmitting member and is deformed when the pedal operation force or a reaction force corresponding to the pedal operation force is transmitted from the movement lever to the deformable body, the pedal operation amount detection apparatus electrically detecting a pedal operation amount based on deformation of the deformable body, the sensor rod extending through both the movement lever and the deformable body, the pedal operation amount detection apparatus further comprising: a first locking portion provided at an end portion of the sensor rod on a side where the sensor rod protrudes from the deformable body; a second locking portion provided at an intermediate portio

Abstract: An active control method of accelerator pedal effort is configured such that, when a driver changes lanes while driving a vehicle having a pedal effort controllable accelerator, the method can actively control the accelerator pedal effort so as to reduce the pedal effort, and when the driver turns corners while driving the vehicle, the method can actively control the accelerator pedal effort so as to increase the pedal effort.

Abstract: An apparatus for on demand limiting the value range of a parameter adjustment device comprises a knob for moving a regulating element (1), means for creating engagement between the knob and the regulating element (1), a first stop (3) fixed in relation to the device, a second stop (6) to cooperate with the first stop (3), a shim (5) having said second stop (6), and movable independently in relation to the regulating element (1), a spring (4) an end of which is fixed to the first stop (3) and the other end is fixed to the shim (5), and a pressure element (7) having a surface for frictionally engaging said shim, and fixed against rotation to said regulating element, and means for releasably engaging said surface with said shim.

Abstract: An unbalanced shaft for compensating for inertial forces and/or mass moments of inertia of an internal combustion engine (1), having an unbalanced portion (8), the center of mass of which extends eccentric to the axis of rotation (11) of the unbalanced shaft (6) for generating the shaft imbalance (7), a bearing portion (9) adjacent to the unbalanced portion, and a bearing race (10) joined thereto, the outer surface (13) of which serves as a race for the rolling elements of a roller bearing rotationally supporting the unbalanced shaft, and the inner surface (12) of which retracts radially relative to the outer circumscribed circle (14) of the unbalanced portion in a bearing circumference region running in the direction of the imbalance.

Abstract: A pneumatic liquid on-line automatic balancer of a rotor includes: a sealed balancing disk rotating with a balanced rotor and a pressure transfer device mated with the sealed balancing disk. At least two pairs of centrosymmetric chambers filled with appropriate balancing liquid are evenly distributed in the sealed balancing disk. The pressure transfer device controls compressed gas in and out of the chamber and makes the balancing liquid controllably flow in each pair of chambers to achieve dynamic balance of the rotor. A communicating channel of the balancing liquid is provided between each pair of the chambers. The communicating channel of the balancing liquid is one and a center of the communicating channel of the balancing liquid is communicated with the balancing channel pointed to a center of rotation. The balancing channel is communicated with an emptying channel opened to atmosphere.

Abstract: A bicycle pedal includes a pedal axle, a rotatable main pedal body, a first cleat securing member pivotally coupled about a first pivot axis between first and second positions, a sub member pivotally coupled to move about a second pivot axis, and at least a first biasing member disposed on the second pivot axis. The second pivot axis is farther from the pedal axle than the first pivot axis. The first biasing member is operatively disposed between the main pedal body and the first cleat securing member to bias the first cleat securing member toward the first position. The first cleat securing member and the sub member rotate together about the second pivot axis until the sub member abuts against the main pedal body, and the first cleat securing member subsequently rotates toward the second position about the first pivot axis independently from the sub member during a step-in operation.

Abstract: A length adjustable guard system for shielding the driveshaft and coupling joint directly abuts the motor housing at one end and is secured at a second end to the pump housing. Interchangeable mounting plates allow the guard assembly to attach to various pumps. The guard system is lightweight, easily installed by one individual, and incorporates vent ports and inspection ports, allowing a worker to grease motor and pump bearings without removing the guard system. Flexible finger guards further secure the motor and pump assembly as they are designed to matingly conform to recesses about the pump housing.

Abstract: This invention proposes a hybrid power driving device including an electric motor, an Internal Combustion engine, an automated mechanical transmission, a clutch, a main reducer and a differential, where the automated mechanical transmission includes first to sixth gear wheels forming meshing pairs, 2 synchronizers, an input transmission shaft connected with the engine, an input transmission shaft connected with the motor, and an output transmission shaft. This device provides for the motor with two gears, and provides for the engine with four gears, which can meet the practical demands of the engine and the motor. Compared with the existing parallel hybrid power coupling mechanism, the inventive device has a simple structure, a low cost, good shifting comfortability, and a high operation efficiency.

Abstract: A device includes a transmission and an electric machine for a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, and the transmission includes first and second subtransmissions. The substransmissions each have an input shaft and they share an output shaft. The input shafts of the subtransmissions can be selectively coupled to the output shaft via form locking clutches of the subtransmissions. In particular, a first input shaft of the first subtransmission is allocated to a first friction locking clutch while a second input shaft of a second subtransmission is allocated to a second friction locking clutch. Furthermore, a third clutch is incorporated between an input drive side clutch half of the first friction locking clutch and an input drive side clutch half of the second friction locking clutch.

Abstract: In the present pelletizing apparatus, the induration of iron ore concentrate pellets is achieved in a tunnel furnace heated by plasma torches, wherein the generation of by the conventional iron ore pelletizing processes is reduced by using electricity powered plasma torches instead of burning natural gas, heavy oil or pulverized coal in burners, thereby reducing considerably industrial pollution of the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides a permanent magnet with excellent temperature characteristics and without magnetic properties significantly decreased compared to the existing R-T-B based magnet. By means that the R-T-B based magnet as the raw material is applied to heating treatment for a long time, the main phase grains will turn into core-shell like, and said R-T-B based magnet comprises main phase grains having core portion and shell portion that covers the core. When the mass concentration of RI and Y in the core portion is set as ?R1 and ?Y respectively and the mass concentration of R1 and Y in the shell portion is set as ?R1 and ?Y respectively, the ratio (B/A) between the mass concentration ratio of R1 to Y in the shell portion (?R1/?Y=B) and the mass concentration ratio of R1 to Y in the core portion (?R1/?Y=A) is 1.1 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a permanent magnet with both a high corrosion resistance and magnetic properties compared to the existing R-T-B based magnets. It is a R-T-B based sintered magnet (wherein, R includes Y (yttrium) and R1 as essential, R1 is at least one kind of rare earth elements except Y but includes Nd as essential, and T is at least one kind of transition metal element including Fe or the combination of Fe and Co as essential). By allowing the ratio of R1 to Y (R1:Y) in the R contained in the grain boundary phase to be 80:20˜35:65 in terms of the calculated molar ratio of the grain boundary phase and adding Y to the raw materials of the R-T-B based magnet, Y segregates at the triple point, and corrosion of grain boundary phase is prevented by oxidized Y.

Abstract: The present invention provides a permanent magnet with both a high corrosion resistance and magnetic properties compared to the existing R-T-B based magnets. It is a R-T-B based sintered magnet (wherein, R includes Y (yttrium) and R1 as essential, R1 is at least one kind of rare earth elements except Y but includes Nd as e essential, and T is one or more kinds of transition metal elements including Fe or the combination of Fe and Co as essential). By allowing the ratio of R1 to Y (R1:Y) in the R to be 80:20˜35:65 according to the molar ratio of the sintered magnet composition, Y segregates at the triple point, and corrosion of grain boundary phase is prevented by oxidizing it.

Abstract: The present invention provides a permanent magnet with a coercivity that will not be significantly decreased and a light weight compared to conventional R-T-B based permanent magnets. A core-shell structure is formed for the major phase grain by adding Cu to the R-T-B based magnet which is the raw material. When the mass concentration of Y in the core portion is set as EY, the mass concentration of Y in the shell portion is set as LY and the mass concentration of Y in the R2-Fe14—B crystal grain calculated from the ratio R1:Y in the total composition is set as SY, the ratio a of EY to SY (EY/SY) is 1.1 or more. Thus, the magnetic insulation among the crystal grains becomes better which prevents the coercivity from decreasing due to the addition of Y. Further, the addition of Y makes the magnet lighter in weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a permanent magnet with excellent adhesion strength with plated layer and without significant decrease in magnetic properties, compared to the conventional R-T-B based magnet. By means that the R-T-B based magnet as the raw material is applied to heating treatment for a long time, the major phase grains will form core-shell like structures in the R-T-B based magnet in which R1 and Ce are included as an essential of R. When the mass concentration of R1 and Ce in the core portion is set as ?R1 and ?Ce respectively and that of R1 and Ce in the shell portion is set as ?R1 and ?Ce respectively, the ratio (B/A) between the mass concentration ratio of R1 to Ce in the shell portion (?R1/?Ce=B) and that of R1 to Ce in the core portion (?R1/?Ce=A) is 1.1 or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic slag forming briquette encased in an aluminum shell. The briquette may include a deoxidizing agent, calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, calcium aluminate, magnesia, or dolomitic lime, or combinations thereof. The deoxidizing agent may include calcium carbide, powdered aluminum or magnesium, or combinations thereof. The aluminum shell may be formed from molten aluminum, or aluminum sheet or foil.