Abstract: An apparatus, system and method are disclosed for teaching musical instruction. The invention disclosed includes providing music instruction based upon a student's ability and preferred most dynamic efficient method of learning.

Abstract: Methods and systems for training cognitive skills are disclosed. The methods and systems include: providing, via a computing device and user interface display, musical rhythm training comprising at least one trial comprising: displaying on the user interface display, via the user computing device, a rhythm track comprising at least one stationary beat timing mark and at least one moving beat timing mark repeatedly moving along the rhythm track at a uniform speed; receiving via a user interface input an indication from the user that the user perceives a moving beat timing mark to be coincident with a stationary beat timing mark; and providing, via the user interface, an indicator that the user is correct or not correct.

Abstract: Provided is a blast treatment method with which the object to be treated can be treated more reliably and efficiently. This method includes: a step wherein an explosive is detonated inside a pressure vessel (30) comprising an elasto-plastic metal, thereby imparting to the pressure vessel (30) an initial load wherein the primary + secondary stress generated in at least a portion of the structural parts of the pressure vessel becomes a stress that is included in a plastic region exceeding the elastic region, thereby generating a shakedown state in the pressure vessel (30); and a subsequent step wherein a treatment explosive (50) is detonated within the pressure vessel (30), thereby blasting the object (10) to be treated.

Abstract: A braiding machine for that produces three-dimensional braided matrices with a suitable pore structure for even and random distribution and in-growth of cells for tissue growth and repair is described herein. Methods for making three-dimensional matrices with controlled thicknesses and porosity and the resulting matrices are also described. The machine contains curved arches that hold the plurality of carriers. At least two of the arches are moveable in a side-to-side direction. Additionally, a controlled pushing mechanism pushes the carriers up and down the slots in the arches. These motions allow one to form three-dimensional braided matrices that provide sufficient porosity and mechanical support for tissue growth and repair in a variety of sites in the body.

Abstract: A system has an actuator having a rotor or a linear piston, and ports for hydraulic fluid, an electro-mechanical sensor sensing position of the rotor or linear piston, a valve having a 1 plug in a bore of a valve body, the plug having cross bores aligning with passages within the valve body communicating inlet and outlet ports depending on relative position of the plug in the bore of the valve body, a servo motor to move the plug around or along the axis to different positions to align individual ones of the cross bores with individual ones of the passages communicating with individual ones of the ports, and a programmable controller coupled to the electro-mechanical sensor and to the servo motor, the controller enabled to control the servo motor to accomplish programmed movement and position of the rotor or linear piston of the hydraulically-driven actuator.

Abstract: Mounting structure for housing-free hydraulic axial piston machines of the bent axis or swash plate design, having a closing plate on which a cylinder block unit with displacing pistons arranged therein is supported, and having a drive or driven shaft. The mounting structure here is designed in the manner of a basket and has a receptacle for the drive or driven shaft and at least two struts which are in each case connected at one end to the receptacle and at the other end to the closing plate in such a manner that the closing plate, the cylinder block unit and the drive or driven shaft are held—analogously as in a housing—in a functionally ready position.

Abstract: A fluid pressure cylinder includes a displacement member, which is displaceable on an end side of a body, and a connecting body, which is connected to a piston rod of a cylinder unit, is inserted via a spring in a block body of the displacement member. A suction rod is connected substantially in parallel with the connecting body and a buffer rod connected to the connecting body. In addition, in a state where downward displacement of the block body is restricted, when additional loads are applied, the buffer rod is displaced relatively with respect to the block body in opposition to an elastic force of the spring, whereby an interval in a radial direction between a bushing and the buffer rod is enlarged.

Abstract: A linear actuator has a housing with a bore therethrough, thus defining an axis. A shaft is in sliding engagement with a portion of the bore and a piston is coupled to the shaft. An anti-rotation apparatus has an elongate slot defined in the housing which extends parallel to the axis. The elongate slot has opposing sidewalls that are non-parallel to one another and offset from a plane perpendicular to the axis by a respective predetermined angle ranging between zero and fifteen degrees. A bearing block has opposing sides and a hole therethrough, wherein an attachment member extends through the hole, coupling the bearing block to the shaft. The opposing sides of the bearing block are parallel to the respective opposing sidewalls of the elongate slot. The attachment member provides a selective engagement force between the opposing sides of the bearing block and the opposing sidewalls of the elongate slot.

Abstract: An air spring (10) comprises a hollow elastic sleeve (12), an upper component (22) for securing the air spring to a first frame, a hollow piston (14) for securing the air spring (10) to a second frame that is movable relative to the first frame, and a cylinder (16) surrounding the hollow elastic sleeve to constrain the diameter of the hollow sleeve (12) and reduce the effective area of the air spring to reduce the natural frequency of the air spring (10).

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus (1) for deaerating a feed fluid, the apparatus comprising a chamber (3) for separating said feed fluid into a first component (11) substantially comprising froth or gas and a second component (12) substantially comprising deaerated liquid or sludge; an opening (6) for fluid flow from said separating chamber (2), and a device (7) for restricting fluid flow through said opening, wherein said opening (6) and said flow restricting device (7) induce a rotational flow of said feed fluid in said separating chamber such that said rotational flow generates a centrifugal vortex to separate said feed fluid into said first component (11) and said second component (12). A method of for deaerating a feed fluid is also provided.

Abstract: A gas cleaning system for removing gaseous pollutants from a hot process gas comprises a vessel for bringing the hot process gas into contact with an absorbent material, and a separating device for separating at least a portion of the absorbent material from the hot process gas to form a separated dust material. The gas cleaning system further comprises a measuring device for measuring, directly or indirectly, a dust parameter such as a density, and/or a friction, and/or a hygroscopicity, and/or an electrical property of the separated dust material, to obtain a measurement, and a control system for controlling at least one operating parameter of the gas cleaning system based on the measurement of the measured dust parameter.

Abstract: Methods of preparing an impurity-depleted hydrogen stream, methods of analyzing content of an impurity-depleted hydrogen stream from a pressure swing adsorption process, and pressure swing adsorption apparatuses are provided herein. In an embodiment, a method of analyzing content of an impurity-depleted hydrogen stream from a pressure swing adsorption process includes providing a hydrogen-containing feed stream to a pressure swing adsorption zone. The hydrogen-containing feed stream further includes an impurity content including methane and carbon monoxide. Methane and carbon monoxide are adsorbed from the hydrogen-containing feed stream in the pressure swing adsorption zone. The impurity-depleted hydrogen stream is withdrawn from the pressure swing adsorption zone, with the impurity-depleted hydrogen stream having a residual methane content and a residual carbon monoxide content. The residual methane content of the impurity-depleted hydrogen stream is sensed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separation or purification of gaseous streams by removal of acid gases using a liquid amine solution. The process involves the steps of—contacting the gaseous stream with liquid lean amine solution in at least one continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c); —removing a sweetened gaseous flow from said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10); —removing rich amine from said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c) for regeneration; —passing rich amine solution through at least one flash tank stripper 20; 20a, 20b; 20c; —removing acid gases and vapour from said flash tank stripper 20; 20a, 20b; 20c; —removing lean amine from said flash tank stripper for recirculation to said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c).

Abstract: The invention provides methods for making silicoaluminophosphate-34 (SAPO-34) membranes comprising interlocking SAPO-34 crystals. In the methods of the invention, the SAPO-34 membranes are formed through in situ crystallization on a porous support using a synthesis mixture initially including a SAPO-34 forming gel and a plurality of SAPO-34 crystals dispersed in the gel. The invention also provides supported SAPO-34 membranes made by the methods of the invention. The invention also provides methods for separating a first gas component from a gas mixture, the methods comprising the step of providing a membrane of the invention.

Abstract: A gas separation composite membrane, containing: a gas-permeable supporting layer; and a gas separating layer containing a crosslinked polyimide resin, over the gas-permeable supporting layer, in which the crosslinked polyimide resin is composed of a polyimide compound having been crosslinked through an ester linking group, in which the polyimide compound contains a repeating unit of formula (I), a repeating unit of formula (II-a) or (II-b), and a repeating unit of formula (III-a) or (III-b), and in which a ratio [?] of a site forming a crosslinked chain mediated by the ester linking group to an imide group (the number of specific crosslinkable sites/the number of imide groups) is more than 0.4 and less than 0.5.

Abstract: A method and to a device for the electrostatic separation of fine dust particles from gases that flow through a housing (1) containing perforated plates (6) and electrodes (4, 5). An electric field is created between the electrode (4) on the inflow opening side and the electrode or electrodes (5) having positive polarity on the outflow side. The removal of negatively charged fine dust particles (9) is carried out by deposition on the inflow side of the perforated plates (6), and the removal of positively charged fine dust particles (11) is carried out on the outflow side. Fine dust particles without charge (10) are charged after the last perforated plate (6) in an ionisation chamber (8) and deposit on the outflow side of the last perforated plate (6).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for adsorbing water from gas using water adsorption material and a method of adsorbing water from gas.

Abstract: A method for purifying air in the cabin of a vehicle, including filtering the air through a filter system, wherein the vehicle includes an air conditioning circuit containing a fluorinated refrigerant compound, and the filter system includes a filtering material which is adapted for removing hydrogen fluoride from a gas flow. Also, a vehicle in which this method can be implemented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for separation of high volume flows of mixtures provided with at least two immiscible phases, especially for the first separation steps of flows of water/oil/gas/sand mixture that enter the apparatus as a wellstream mixture. The invention also relates to a method for separation of high volume flows of mixtures provided with at least immiscible phases.

Abstract: Oil mist separator (1) for a crankcase ventilation for separating particles (2) from a fluid (3) guided from a first fluid line (14) to a deflector body device (20), with a device (10) for actively accelerating the fluid (3) in the first fluid line (14).

Abstract: CO2-facilitated transport membrane that can be applied to a CO2-permeable membrane reactor is stably provided. The CO2-facilitated transport membrane is provided such that a gel layer 1 composed of a hydrogel membrane is deposited onto a porous membrane 2. More preferably, the gel layer 1 deposited onto a hydrophilic porous membrane 2 is coated with and supported by hydrophobic porous membranes 3 and 4. The gel layer contains a deprotonating agent including an alkali metal element together with glycine. The deprotonating agent is preferably a carbonate or a hydroxide of an alkali metal element, and more preferably, the alkali metal element is potassium, cesium, or rubidium.

Abstract: A canister includes: a casing charged with an adsorbing material; a charge port and a purge port disposed at one end of the casing; a drain port disposed at the other end of the casing; a flange section for defining an outer peripheral part of one end of an adsorbent chamber; a first cylindrical section projected from the flange section toward the adsorbent chamber and concentric with the casing; and a second cylindrical section extending from the flange section in the opposite direction and concentric with the casing. A space defined inside the first cylindrical section is provided to communicate with one of the charge port and the purge port, while a diffusion chamber communicates with the other of the charge port and the purge port. The flange section has orifices located adjacent to the first cylindrical section thereby communicating the adsorbent chamber and the diffusion chamber with each other.

Abstract: A fuel vapor processing apparatus including: a passage for fluid; a tank port and a purge port formed on one end side of the passage; an atmospheric air port formed on the other end side; and four or more adsorption layers filled with a fuel adsorbing material, wherein the main adsorption layer, and a region provided on the atmospheric air port side of the main adsorption layer are provided; the adsorption layers other than the main adsorption layer, and separation parts which separate the adjacent adsorption layers are provided in the region, and in the at least two separation parts inside the region, when the cross-sectional area of each of the at least two separation parts perpendicular to a flow direction of the passage is converted into a circular cross-sectional area, a distance between the adjacent adsorption layers is larger than the mean value of diameters of the each separation part.

Abstract: Automatic coffee machines have very low thermal efficiency because they have to heat a considerable thermal mass, constituted by the heater 3) appearing in FIG. 1, which has a weight generally ranging between 0.5 and 1 Kg of metal, typically consisting of aluminium. Said mass is used to stabilise the temperature of the water to be injected in the blend of coffee. In this configuration, 90% or more of the thermal energy is wasted. The energy saving coffee machine, the subject matter of the present invention, is instead constructed with a heater 3), appearing in FIG. 4, that has a thermal mass much lower than the mass of the liquid to be heated, and is typically constructed with metal tube 30), as shown in FIG. 4, weighing a few grams. The heating current 41) in FIG. 4 flows directly on said tube, heating it together with the water contained therein, while a very rapid temperature control circuit makes it possible to maintain a constant temperature of the water flowing through the heater 3) shown in FIG. 4.

Abstract: A beverage preparation machine (1) comprises: a base (10) having a fluid circuit for conditioning and delivering a fluid via a base outlet (11), in particular a fluid circuit connected to a fluid source and controlled by a control unit and comprising a pump and/or a thermal conditioner such as a heater and/or a cooler; and a user-removable module (20) having a module inlet (21) disconnectably connectable to the base outlet, and comprising a mixing unit (25) downstream the module inlet (21) for holding an ingredient that is mixed downstream said inlet with fluid fed into the unit via the base outlet (11) and the module inlet (21) to form a mixture that is dispensed via a machine outlet (26). The fluid circuit of the base (10), the module inlet (21), the mixing unit (25) and the machine outlet (26) are configured to prevent that the mixture formed in the mixing unit contacts the base outlet (11) via the module inlet (21).

Abstract: A beverage preparation machine (1) comprises:—a body (2) having a body connector (10) and a beverage outlet for dispensing a beverage over a beverage dispensing area (27); and—a module (3) having a disconnectable module connector (34) for removably connecting the module to the body via the body connector. The body connector (10) and the module connector (34), when connected, are:—fixed together by a magnetic field-generating arrangement, such as magnets (111,112,113), and a cooperating magnetic arrangement (341) so as to fasten the module to the body; and/or—fastened together only at the module connector (34) that forms a foot (34) of the module (3) and that is mounted on the body connector (10) that forms a platform of the body (2), the module having a generally upright elongated face (33,33?) that is adjacent to and faces the body and that is free from the body above the foot.

Abstract: The system comprises a capsule (1) which has first and second end walls (3, 2f) and an annular side wall (2e) and which contains a dose of a substance for preparation of the beverage, and a machine (M) comprising an infusion assembly (G) designed to receive a capsule (1) and having an inlet (30, 31) for supplying a flow of pressurized water to be introduced into the capsule (1), and a delivery outlet (14) for outflow of the beverage formed in the infusion assembly (G) towards a collecting container. The infusion assembly (G) includes a plurality of parts (10-12) which can be moved away from and towards each other and can be sealingly coupled together so as to define as a whole an infusion chamber into which the capsule (1) can be introduced. In at least one (11) of these parts (10-12) of the infusion assembly (G) there is provided a perforation device (21; 121) designed to perforate the capsule (1) arranged in the infusion chamber (20, 22).

Abstract: The invention proposes a device for preparing a beverage from a food substance contained in a capsule (24) by injection of a liquid into the capsule (24), wherein said liquid is provided by a pump (70) of the device, said device comprising an extraction head (20) having an aperture (22) for inserting a capsule-holder (30) providing the capsule (24) to a capsule-holder receiving chamber (25) of the device, a closing mechanism (21) to selectively enclose said capsule (24) in the capsule-holder receiving chamber (25), at least one injection member (11) to supply a liquid received from the pump (70) to the inside of the capsule (24), a control unit (80) for controlling at least the pump (70) of the device, and decoding means (1) connected to the control unit (80) and designed to read information from the capsule-holder (30).

Abstract: A baby formula maker includes a main body including a base, a housing, and a top cover; an electric motor; a gear assembly; a pivotal cover plate; a baby formula assembly including a baby formula reservoir, a reciprocating screw communicating with a bottom of the baby formula reservoir and operatively driven by the gear assembly, and a pivotal gate in front of the reciprocating screw; an outlet under the pivotal gate; two release mechanisms on both sides of the housing respectively for locking both the baby formula assembly and the cover plate; a hot water assembly including a water reservoir, a heating member, and a pump; a control assembly for controlling the hot water assembly, the motor, and the baby formula assembly, the control assembly including a display and an array of buttons for adjusting settings; and a magnetic assembly.

Abstract: An automatic toaster apparatus comprising: a body having one or more toasting slots leading to a respective toasting cavity; one or more internal carriage for carrying bread, a carriage being associated with each toasting slots and respective toasting cavity; a plurality of toasting elements, wherein a toasting element is located at each side of each carriage. The toaster having, a supplemental toasting function, a keep warm function, a pre-warm function. The toaster enabling separate user selection of toast colour and moisture.

Abstract: A baking oven with a continuous baking belt and a belt preheating device has a front belt deflecting station, an input station, a baking chamber arranged in a housing, an output station and a rear belt deflecting station. The upper run of the baking belt extends from the front belt deflecting station through the baking chamber to the rear belt deflecting station. The lower run of the baking belt extends from the rear band deflecting station below the baking chamber to the front belt deflecting station. The belt preheating device is arranged on the circumferential path of the baking belt outside of the baking chamber. The baking belt is an inductively heated susceptor. The belt preheating device has an extensive inductor for inductively heating the baking belt moving past it to the belt preheating temperature by the extensive magnetic field generated by the inductor.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a gas grill comprising: a firebox and frame; a vertically movable cooking surface so that the cooking surface can be vertically moved during cooking to control the cooking temperature; and a rack disposed under the cooking surface for receiving secondary fuel and having at least 50% of its area open so as not to dissipate heat from a primary heat source that is disposed under the cooking surface and rack for igniting the secondary fuel and providing heat to the cooking surface. The cooking surface can be a cooking assembly that includes a top cooking member having top “U” shapes and a bottom cooking member that has bottom inverted “U” shapes offset from the top “U” shapes so that heat from the primary heat source can travel upwards through the cook surface and grease can travel into the bottom inverted “U” shapes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a baking device for Baumkuchen for domestic use, comprising a housing that encloses a baking chamber, a heating apparatus in the baking chamber, a dough roller that can be pivoted relative to the heating apparatus in the baking chamber, which dough roller is supported in a replaceable manner between the free ends of two pivot arms and can be pivoted about a pivot axis supported in the housing for the pivot arms, wherein the dough roller can be rotationally driven. In the baking device according to the invention, the pivot axis is designed as a first drive shaft for pivoting the dough roller and the pivot arms are arranged inside the baking chamber.

Abstract: A tabletop grill generally includes a first grill unit having a first grill plate and a first heating element for heating the first grill plate. The grill further includes a second grill unit positionable relative to the first grill unit. The second grill unit has a second grill plate and a second heating element for heating the second grill plate. The grill is configured to function as a broiler.

Abstract: A dual-layer filter net and a juicer that uses the same are provided. The juicer includes a housing, a cutter plate, a driving device and a dual-layer filter net. The dual-layer filter net includes an inner layer filter net and an outer layer filter net. The opening of the inner layer filter net faces upward and the opening of the outer layer filter net faces downward. A residue extraction gap is formed between the inner layer filter net and the outer layer filter net. The material undergoes the first juice extraction by the inner layer filter net and the residues expelled undergoes the second juice extraction by the outer layer filter net.

Abstract: A garlic clove peeler comprising a housing formed with a clove receiving compartment and with a friction wall and a balloon-like complimentary peeling element made of resilient material and having a shaft that has a rotational axis and that removably connects to the housing. The peeling element being formed with a peeler surface extending adjacent the friction wall and resiliently biased in a direction facing the friction wall wherein the friction wall and the peeler surface are concentric with respect to the rotational axis of the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peeling device (1) comprising rod-like peeling elements (10) comprising at least one cutting means(4)on at least a part of an outer surface thereof and being attached to means for rotating the peeling element (10) about a rotation axis (3).The peeling elements (10) are arranged in a circumferential arrangement to form an elongated peeling drum (7), wherein each individual peeling element (10) rotates about a first rotation axis (3) and the drum rotates about a second rotation axis (8).

Abstract: An apparatus allows various loose product, such as tire wire, cans, rubber, scrap metal, and the like, to be fed to provide a single, compacted disc output. The apparatus includes a shoot for feeding product where a first hydraulic cylinder can push the fed product into a main tube. A concave pushing surface can help shape the product into a cylinder. A second hydraulic ram can push product as it is gathered and intertwined within the main tube. The second hydraulic ram typically operates orthogonal to the first hydraulic cylinder. The resulting product is intertwined into a disc shape that is generally sufficiently meshed together to prevent the disc from falling apart, easing storage and transport of the product. This is especially useful for product that is difficult to mesh together, such as tire wire, for example.

Abstract: A juicer including a juicing device and a driving device adapted for driving a juicing device, the juicing device includes a container and a roller being rotatably mounted inside the container, the roller is adapted to be driven by the driving device, the roller includes first and second cutting plates being projected outwardly from an outer surface of the roller, a juice outlet and a residue outlet are positioned on a container wall, a plurality of cutting plate receivers is arranged on the outer surface of the roller and is adapted for allowing the first and second cutting plates to be slidingly mounted inside the cutting plate receivers, the first cutting plate includes at least one cutting member having a convex structure mounted on a surface of the first cutting plate.

Abstract: An apparatus performing cutting or printing on an object includes a moving device, a detection device detecting ultrasonic waves and a control device configured to cause the apparatus to specify, as a designated position, a position of an ultrasonic source on the object, based on the detected ultrasonic waves, when the object is located at a predetermined position, to determine at least one of an edit pattern to be applied to the object and a cutting position or a printing position, based on the specified designated position, to generate data to perform cutting or printing on the object based on the determined one of the edit pattern and the cutting or printing position, and to control the moving device based on the generated data to move the object and the cutting or printing head relative to each other, performing cutting or printing on the object.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for producing variable pearlescent image elements or portions on image receiving media substrates using a variable digital data offset lithographic architecture which provides for varying lithographic images between cycles of a marking device. Pearlescent inks are provided with a solid particle pearlescent pigment components in a proportion of at least 10% by weight suspended in solution in an ink composition. Pearlescent inks are provided with a solid particle pearlescent pigment components having particle sizes in excess of ten microns suspended in solution in the ink composition. The disclosed systems and methods provide for variable pearlescent image elements or portions to be formed on an image receiving medium substrate separate from, or in combination with, other ink image elements or portions applied using other inks in a single device, and/or in a single pass of the image receiving media substrates through an image forming system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for converting a coldset printing press to a hybrid heatset and coldset printing press that comprises a infrared heater with a footprint of only about 5 square feet, and optionally an electrical VOC incinerator of about the same size. The hybrid heatset and coldset printing press does not need to make any blanket changes, roller changes, or ink changes when switching between heatset and coldset printing; only the paper is changed.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus used in pad printing is disclosed wherein a customized cliché is created from a generic cliché and a computer image of the desired printed output. The generic cliché contains a fine array of micro pockets on its inking surface. Ink jet printing ink is precisely deposited into the micro pockets at varying locations and amounts by the computer system and cured to harden the ink jet ink, which creates a customized cliché. Pad printing ink will adhere to the customized cliché in amounts in inverse proportion to the amount of ink jet printing ink deposited and cured on the customized cliché. The pattern of empty, partially filled and completely filled micro pockets in the customized cliché creates a gray scale image on the printed part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin composition for laser engraving, comprising (Component A) a macromonomer comprising only one radically polymerizable group in the molecule, (Component B) a polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound comprising two or more radically polymerizable groups in the molecule, (Component C) a binder polymer, and (Component D) a radical polymerization initiator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the repeatable initiation of propellent charges in a weapon system, for example in the firing of projectiles from a barrel weapon, through electrical discharge between a rear electrode (22) and a front electrode (21) in a combustion chamber channel (3) filled with filler gas and comprising a combustion chamber combustion element (30), in which the filler gas in the combustion chamber channel (3) is ionized via a high-voltage potential from at least one ionizing electrode (100, 101, 102, 103), which ionization increases the electrical conductivity in the combustion chamber channel (3) so that an electrical flashover, through electrical discharge via a high-voltage generator (5) between the rear electrode (22) and the front electrode (21), is generated from the rear electrode (22) via at least one ionizing electrode (100, 101, 102, 103) onward to the front electrode (21), which results in hot ignition gas with plasma-like state being expelled from the combustion chamber cha

Abstract: An activation unit for explosive masses or explosive bodies includes an ejector tube and high-performance heating elements mounted around the ejector tube, each made of at least one heating wire supplied with electrical power by a control unit. Each heating wire is enclosed in a casing and embedded in a material minimizing heat loss. When the explosive body is passed through the activation unit, the jacket surface of the explosive body contacts the individual elements of the activation unit in a direct or non-contact manner. Thermal energy is transferred to the explosive body by means of the heating wires, and the body ignites at the contact points. A further activation unit includes heating elements in the ejector tube, at least partially fed longitudinally through the ejector tube, made of heating wire clad with CrNi steel and contact plates soldered thereto.

Abstract: The propulsion system for the acceleration of projectiles is based on a multi-perforated grain propellant and is composed from nitrocellulose, a crystalline energy carrier of a nitramine type and an inert plasticizing additive. The number of perforations is 2 to 6, preferably 4. The propellant grains can have round or polygonic profiles, depending on the number of perforations. The preferred grain geometry is cubic with a rectangular grain profile. The nitramine compound contains a structural element of the general chemical structure formula R—N—NO2, where R is a residual group. The nitramine compound is present in a concentration in the range from 0 to 35% by mass, in particular in the range from 5 to 25% by mass. The nitramine compound is preferably RDX. The inert plasticizing additive is a water-insoluble polyoxo compound, if necessary in combination with a substance containing carboxyl groups. In layers near the surface an increased concentration can be present.

Abstract: An explosive composition comprising a liquid energetic material and sensitizing voids, wherein the sensitizing voids are present in the liquid energetic material with a non-random distribution, wherein the liquid energetic material comprises (a) regions in which the sensitizing voids are sufficiently concentrated to render those regions detonable and (b) regions in which the sensitizing voids are not so concentrated and wherein the explosive composition does not contain ammonium nitrate prill.

Abstract: A lightweight explosive containment device that is used to transport blasting caps, explosive precursors, or homemade explosives. Open cellular foam material within the container diffuses explosive gases and absorbs kinetic energy. An internal clapper tube distributes forces to the ligaments of the cellular foam material and an external support tube contains the explosive fragmentation and blast overpressure. A system of containers with storage capabilities that enable the transportation of a number of lightweight explosive containment devices is presented. An alternate configuration of the present invention utilizes the open cellular foam material to create a directional disruption device. Such a tool prevents explosive gases and fragmentation from causing unnecessary collateral damage to the surroundings or supporting robot.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a rail vehicle having a reciprocation system comprised of independently movable work heads for carrying out rail maintenance operations. Related methods of operation of the rail vehicle and associated reciprocation system are also described.