Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes a substrate, a waveguide lens, a Y-shaped waveguide, and electrodes. The waveguide lens and the Y-shaped waveguide are formed in the substrate. The Y-shaped waveguide connects the waveguide lens and includes a first section dedicated for transmitting TE mode and a second section dedicated for transmitting TM mode. The electrodes are configured to modulate outputs of the waveguide lens, the first section, and the second section.

Abstract: A Mach-Zehnder optical modulator with a travelling wave electrode has a signal transmission line conductor (S) carrying an input electrical signal, and two ground transmission line conductors (G1 and G2) providing a return path for the electrical signal. The signal transmission line conductor is positioned between the first and second ground lines, and the first and second optical waveguide branches are positioned between the signal transmission line conductor and the first ground line. The modulator therefore has a GSG structure providing an asymmetrically-loaded configuration.

Abstract: Apparatus and method embodiments are provided for implementing a wavelength selective switch (WSS). The embodiments use combinations of switchable polarization grating (SPG) and LC cells and combinations of polymer polarization grating (PPG) and LC cells to achieve 1×N WSS systems. An embodiment optical switch includes a liquid crystal cell and a SPG cell adjacent to the liquid crystal cell. The SPG includes liquid crystal material between two photo-alignment layers, an electrode layer overlying each photo-alignment layer, and a glass substrate overlying each electrode layer. An embodiment method includes polarizing an incident light beam at a circular polarization before diffracting, at a polarization grating, the polarized incident light beam in a determined angle that corresponds to a diffraction order in accordance to the circular polarization of the incident light beam and a hologram pattern direction formed inside the polarization grating.

Abstract: Circuits and circuit elements adapted to function at optical or infrared frequencies are made from plasmonic and/or nonplasmonic particles disposed on a substrate, where the plasmonic and nonplasmonic particles have respective dimensions substantially smaller than a wavelength of an applied optical or infrared signal. Such particles are deposited on a substrate in a variety of shapes and sizes from a variety of plasmonic and/or nonplasmonic materials so as to form resistors, capacitors, inductors and circuits made from combinations of these elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light guide plate and a manufacturing method thereof. The light guide plate includes a light guide plate body and ink dots printed on a surface of the light guide plate body. The ink dots contain an antistatic agent. The manufacturing method of the light guide plate includes (1) providing a light guide plate body; (2) providing an ink and an antistatic agent ad mixing the antistatic agent in the ink; and (3) printing the ink that contains the antistatic agent on a surface of the light guide plate body to form the ink dots. The antistatic agent contained in the ink dots helps suppressing static electricity generated on the light guide plate so as to eliminate mura caused by electrostatic attraction.

Abstract: An optical transmission-reception system includes: a light-emitting element having a first semiconductor multilayer structure with a ring- or disk-like shape and generating a first optical signal and a second optical signal rotating in a direction opposite to the first optical signal; a first optical waveguide optically coupled with the light-emitting element and propagating the first optical signal; a second optical waveguide optically coupled with the light-emitting element and propagating the second optical signal; and a light-receiving element having a second semiconductor multilayer structure with a ring- or disk-like shape, optically coupled with the first and second optical waveguides, and optically receiving the first and second optical signals.

Abstract: An optical module is disclosed, in which the optical module installs a plurality of optical devices each optically coupling with a single fiber in the focused beam coupling system. The optical module includes a condenser lens, and respective optical devices install an individual lens. One of the beam waists of the condenser lens locates on the end of the optical fiber and the other of the beam waist locates on the outer wall of the coupling unit to which the optical devices are attached. One of the beam waists of the individual lens in the optical device substantially aligns with the other beam waist of the condenser lens, while, the other of the beam waist of the individual lens aligns at the semiconductor optical device.

Abstract: A photoelectric coupling module includes a fiber module, a lens module, and at least one positioning pole. The fiber module defines a plurality of receiving holes and at least one first positioning hole. The lens module includes a central portion and an edge portion surrounding the central portion. The central portion includes a plurality of lenses, and the lenses are respectively aligned with the receiving holes. The edge portion defines at least one second positioning hole. The at least one positioning pole is made of metal, and penetrates the at least one second positioning hole and the at least one first positioning hole.

Abstract: A polarization conversion device includes: a directional coupler that includes an input side optical waveguide and an output side optical waveguide which are disposed in parallel to each other and each of which has a core. Assuming that a direction in which the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide face each other is a width direction and a direction perpendicular to the width direction is a height direction in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of each of the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide, and the directional coupler is configured to couple first light guided through the input side optical waveguide to second light guided through the output side optical waveguide, the polarization direction of the second light is perpendicular to that of the first light.

Abstract: Alignment of a single-mode polymer waveguide (PWG) array fabricated on a polymer with a silicon waveguide (SiWG) array fabricated on a silicon (Si) chip and thereby realizing an adiabatic coupling. A stub and a groove are fabricated with high precision and made to function as the absolute positioning reference to provide a self-alignment according to the groove and the stub. In a PWG patterning by photolithography, plural masks are used, but the fabrication is made along the alignment base line for mask and thus a high precision is achieved with respect to error ?x. In a PWG patterning by nano imprint, a high precision in the fabrication is also achieved with respect to error ?x and ?y.

Abstract: An optical fiber ribbon includes: a plurality of optical fibers arranged in parallel; and a tape material covering the plurality of optical fibers into a tape, in which the plurality of optical fibers are coated respectively with translucent color layers of different colors, and in at least two of the plurality of optical fibers, markings for identifying the optical fiber ribbon are provided at a same position in a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber ribbon.

Abstract: A multicore fiber has a plurality of cores; and a clad which surrounds an outer peripheral surface of each of the cores, and at least one of the cores is spirally arranged such that the core rotates around a center axis of the clad. By arranging the cores in this way, it is possible to prevent crosstalk between specific cores from escalating even when the multicore fiber is disposed in a bent state.

Abstract: In order to provide a method of efficiently manufacturing an optical waveguide core having an endface inclined at a predetermined angle, the following method of manufacturing an optical waveguide core is employed.

Abstract: An arrangement for processing at least one optical fiber that includes a first processing element and a second processing element for processing at least one optical waveguide. The first and second processing elements have a common base element and a common actuating element for simultaneously actuating the first and second processing elements. The actuating element is capable of moving relative to the base element.

Abstract: An optical cable terminal box for distributing an optical cable with a plurality of cores to subscriber lines is provided. The optical cable terminal box may include a housing having a slot, the slot having a first receiving groove formed at an edge of the slot. The optical cable terminal box may also include a cover member coupled to the housing to close the slot, and the cover member may have a second receiving groove formed at an edge of the cover member. When the cover member closes the slot, the first and second grooves may be coupled to each other to form a wiring hole that is configured to pass an optical cable therethrough.

Abstract: Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of a drop interface box (DIB) for interfacing between an optical network service provider's heavy jacketed drop cable and optical distribution cables at a premises. The DIB provides organized drop, feed and distribution fiber cable storage and routing in a manner which does not cross different cables types when additional cables are added, and which maintains minimum bend radius of the cables and inhibits cable strain. In exemplary embodiments, a hinged fiber storage panel includes spools, cable clips and integrated cable channels that maintain cable radius during transitions of cables from a storage side or plane of the panel to a connector side or plane of the panel.

Abstract: An N×N switching apparatus for optical components is provided. A switching apparatus includes a first element that provides for a supply of a length of optical fiber in tension and has an interface component for maintaining an end of the optical fiber in tension at a first position. The switching apparatus further includes a second element that has a coupling component for detachably maintaining the end of the optical fiber at a second position. The first and second elements are arranged such that the end of the optical fiber is movable between the first and second elements.

Abstract: Attachment mechanisms configured to be employed to attach a rear housing section to a fiber optic housing, and related assemblies and methods are disclosed. The rear housing section and the fiber optic housing may be part of fiber optic equipment configured to support fiber optic connections of a fiber optic network. The attachment mechanism is configured to be attached and extend from the rear housing section of the fiber optic housing while maintaining the same installed U space of the housing. The attachment mechanism may include a spring plunger which may releasably maintain the rear housing section in a position to allow fasteners to removably attach the rear housing section to the fiber optic housing. In this manner, the rear housing section may be attached to and removed from the fiber optic housing in an efficient manner to minimize downtime for the fiber optic network.

Abstract: A backlight is disclosed and includes a visible light transmissive body primarily propagating light by TIR with a light input surface and a light output surface and a light guide portion and a light input portion. The light guide portion has a light reflection surface and a light emission surface. The light input portion has opposing side surfaces that are not parallel. One of the opposing surfaces is co-planar with either the light emission surface or the light reflection surface. A light source is disposed adjacent to the light input surface. The light source emits light into the light input portion. A reflective layer is disposed adjacent to or on the opposing side surfaces.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and computer-readable media for creating a spatial bookmark are provided. A method includes performing an action at a near location which causes a spatial bearing parameter corresponding to a real-time video image captured by a video-camera platform at a remote location to be stored in a computer-readable memory, wherein the video-camera platform has a controllable LOS. Performing an action at the near location that designates to a computer an image displayed on a screen, wherein the image is representative of the real-time video image, thereby causing the computer to retrieve the spatial bearing parameter from the computer-readable memory, and performing an action causing the computer to aim the video-camera platform along a LOS, wherein the video-camera platform captures a real-time video image that is received at a screen for display at the near location.

Abstract: A video recording apparatus preferentially transmits important video data, while reducing user's operational burdens. An operating section receives operation instructions of a first recording video image. A video recording section records a second recording video image, and records the first recording video image in accordance with the operation instructions input to the operating section. An overlapping period detection section generates overlap information indicating temporal overlap between the recording video images, from an output of the operating section. The video recording section divides the second recording video image into blocks at timing based on recording operation of the first recording video image, and determines priority of the divided blocks based on the overlap information.

Abstract: Extraction of scenes of interest from video content is disclosed, which includes: collecting comments from a comment server, which contain keywords associated with the video content; segmenting the video content into scenes; measuring the number of ones of the comments which were posted for each scene, as a post count; detecting ones of the scenes, each of which has the post count equal to or larger than a predetermined number, as a plurality of scenes of interest; extracting, per each scene-of-interest, at least one of the keywords which is contained in the comments with a number equal to or larger than a pre-selected number, as a comment keyword; and tagging each scene of interest with the comment keyword, per each scene-of-interest.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for selecting, from among a collection of videos, a set of candidate videos that (i) are identified as being associated with a particular song, and (ii) are classified as a cappella video recordings; extracting, from each of the candidate videos of the set, a monophonic melody line from an audio channel of the candidate video; selecting, from among the set of candidate videos, a subset of the candidate videos based on a similarity of the monophonic melody line of the candidate videos of the subset with each other; and providing, to a recognizer that recognizes songs from sounds produced by a human voice, (i) an identifier of the particular song, and (ii) one or more of the monophonic melody lines of the candidate videos of the subset.

Abstract: A method takes a snapshot of a video sequence containing a video tag. The method comprises causing a display device to present a video sequence for a period of time and causing the display device to display at least one video tag contemporaneously with the video sequence. The method further comprises accepting, at a moment during the period of time, an input associated with a user action signifying taking a snapshot of the video sequence with a video tag of interest displayed with the video sequence at the moment. The method further comprises storing, in response to acceptance of the input, data sufficient to reproduce a still image from the video sequence with video tag of interest at approximately the moment. Optionally, the method may further comprise causing the display device to display the still image at a later time or including the still image in an email message.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus, method and computer program storage device cooperate to receive character information and broadcast program information, and then insert the character information in a capture portion of the program information. The program information includes audio-visual data to be displayed, as well as caption attribute information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an information processing device, an information processing method, and a program, whereby playback of PG and TextST images can be controlled from a BD-J application. There are defined a mono PG/TextST stream of a PG/TextST image that is a mono image serving as a 2D image, a stereo PG/TextST stream of a PG/TextST image that is a stereo image serving as a 3D image, and a PG/TextST stream for offset of a PG/TextST image that is a mono image to be used for generating a stereo image along with an offset value for giving disparity to the mono image, as a PG/TextST stream of a PG/TextST image. An stream selecting API selects a mono PG/TextST stream, a stereo PG/TextST stream, or a PG/TextST stream for offset. The present invention may be applied to a BD player configured to play a BD, or the like.

Abstract: The reproduction unit includes a reproducing unit that reproduces three-dimensional (3D) content recorded on a content recording medium, and a display control unit that displays a two-dimensional (2D) image of the 3D content on a parent screen having a predetermined size within a display screen when an interlace operation is executed with respect to a 3D image of the 3D content during reproduction by the reproducing unit, and displays the 3D image of the 3D content on a child screen having a size smaller than the predetermined size within the display screen.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating water and steam, that has a first container with cold water and a second container with hot water, the two containers being in fluid communication via an intermediary pipe having a one-way valve to permit flow only from the first container to the second container. The first container has a water level monitor that controls when an input pipe allows water to refill the first container. The second container has a heat exchanger, a steam input pipe, a steam output pipe, and a heating element. The second container may be connected to a steam press, a boiler, and a washing machine.

Abstract: A probe including a liquid sample channel through which a liquid sample flows in a specified direction; a nebulizer gas channel through which a nebulizer gas flows in a specified direction, formed at the outer circumference of the liquid sample channel so as to have a round annular outer circumference and be coaxial with the liquid sample channel; a heating gas channel for injecting an assist gas in a specified direction, wherein a heating gas injection port is formed around the outlet end of the nebulizer gas channel so as to have a round annular outer circumference and be coaxial with the nebulizer gas channel; and a heating element which is arranged inside the heating gas channel and heats the assist gas for injecting through the heating gas injection port.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus capable of generating a strobe emission signal in a proper timing even when an electronic front curtain shutter is used in strobe photographing. The image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup device having pixels arranged in matrix and configured to store charges generated according to a received amount of light. A vertical scanning circuit controls travel of the electronic front curtain shutter such that the image pickup device sequentially receives light on a per line basis, starting from a first scan line. When it is detected that the electronic front curtain shutter reaches a predetermined scan line, a NOR gate outputs a light emission timing signal, whereby light is emitted from a light emission unit such as a strobe.

Abstract: A viewfinder fixing device comprises a holder, a ring, a washer, a dowel, and a plurality of inner peripheral concave-convex portions. The holder has a male thread portion. The ring has a female thread portion that meshes with the male thread portion. The washer is provided between the holder and the ring. The dowel is provided to the washer. The inner peripheral concave-convex portions are provided in the peripheral direction to the ring, and when the ring is turned, the male thread portion and the inner peripheral concave-convex portions cause the holder and the ring to move closer together, which is accompanied by the washer and the ring moving closer together, and the inner peripheral concave-convex portions come into contact with the dowel when the washer and the ring have moved closer together up to a specific distance.

Abstract: An optical viewfinder is configured to be attached to a camera body with an interchangeable lens. The optical viewfinder includes: a Keplerian viewfinder optical system 301 including a scalable objective lens group 330; a stepping motor 305 configured to drive the objective lens group 330 along an optical axis; and a control circuit configured to control driving of the stepping motor 305 based on a result of detection by a PI 306. When a variable focal length lens (an interchangeable lens) is attached to a camera body, the control circuit controls driving of the stepping motor 305 in accordance with a focal length of the variable focal length lens and displays at least a photographing frame on an EVF panel 307.

Abstract: The invention discloses a system, a method and an apparatus for optical network protection. The system includes: an output control apparatus for obtaining protection mode information configured by a system and controlling an input signal to be output from a set line corresponding to said protection mode information; and a detection control apparatus for detecting powers of signals transmitted on an active line and on a standby line, if it is determined that the active line is abnormal and the standby line is normal according to detection results, then controlling the input signal to be output from a protection line corresponding to the protection mode information; if it is determined that the active line is normal, or that the active line and the standby line are abnormal according to the detection result, then controlling the input signal to be output from a set line corresponding to the protection mode information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are optical distribution networks and corresponding methods for providing physical-layer redundancy. Example embodiments include a head-end passive optical splitter-combiner (OSC) to split optical signals from an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) onto primary and secondary optical paths for redundant distribution to optical network terminal(s) (ONTs), a passive access OSC for tapping the redundant signals, and an optical switch for selecting between the redundant signals and providing an ONT access to the selected signal. Example optical distribution networks and corresponding methods provide multiple drop points, a fully cyclical path, and autonomous protection switching, all at low cost. A further advantage of these networks and methods is that where faults may occur, maintenance may not be required for a certain time.

Abstract: The various embodiments herein provide a method and system for protecting multiple work ODU failures using a higher capacity protect ODU in an Optical Transport Network. The method for protecting multiple work ODU failures in an Optical Transport Network comprising steps of detecting signal failures in at least one of a plurality of work ODUs, requesting for release of one or more time-slots for a defective work ODU and allocating the one or more time-slots of a low priority traffic from the protect ODU in an incremental manner of priority. The method apply a TPN based policy for defining lower ODUs, performs handshaking between the transmit and downstream ends using the protocol provided, defines the role and behavior of the various system components and the service requests and performs an automatic lockout of protection for the work ODU in which an UDI alarm is present.

Abstract: An arrangement in a node in a WDM-PON and a method therein for supervision of the WDM-PON are provided. The arrangement comprises X splitters of splitting ratio 1:Y, each splitter having one input and Y outputs such that X*Y equals N, wherein X, Y, N are integers. The one input of each of the X splitters is configured to receive an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry, OTDR, signal and to split the received OTDR signal into Y OTDR sub-signals such that a total of N OTDR sub-signals are outputted from the X splitters. The arrangement further comprises an N*N Arrayed Waveguide Grating, AWG, and a first filter configured to mix a feeder signal comprising data communication from an Optical Line Termination, OLT, with one of the N OTDR sub-signals. One input of the AWG is configured to receive the mix of the feeder signal and the one OTDR sub-signal, and the remaining N-inputs of the AWG are each configured to receive a respective one of the N-remaining OTDR sub-signals.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus and method for serial and parallel channel interworking in an optical transport network are provided. The transmission apparatus for serial and parallel channel interworking ensures interworking between parallel optical modules or between parallel and serial optical modules, regardless of a protocol, without having to add logics or with only a minimum number of logics, in order to manufacture a small-size optical module with low power consumption.

Abstract: The present invention provides optical power adjustment method for EPON system, and OLT. The method comprises: OLT starting optical power adjustment procedure after ONU or ONT successfully registers, receiving upstream data from the ONU or the ONT (201); during optical power adjustment procedure, OLT detecting whether there is error code in upstream data; if not, notifying the ONU or the ONT to decrease transmission optical power progressively, during progressive decrease procedure, OLT continuing to detect whether there is error code in upstream data (203); if there is error code during progressive decrease procedure, notifying the ONU or the ONT to increase transmission optical power progressively, and during progressive increase procedure, OLT continuing to detect whether there is error code in upstream data (205); if there is no error code during progressive increase procedure, OLT stopping the adjustment (207).

Abstract: A fiber network events measurement apparatus has a laser module alternately generating a pulse signal detecting beam and an FMCW detecting beam. The beams are sent to the fiber network route through a directional coupler. A photo detector receives feedback energy of the beams transmitting in the fiber network route and converts the feedback energy into electronic signals. A mixer uses a frequency difference calculation to obtain a comparison result according to an original and a reflected FMCW signal. The electronic signal is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter. A signal control unit then obtains a compound trace result including information of characteristic trace and event positions. The compound trace result shows a fiber characteristic trace and event position trace for measuring the fiber network routes.

Abstract: An example apparatus includes a mode selective detector, a measurement module, a difference calculator and a threshold and alarm module. The mode selective detector detects a plurality of modes of a spatially multiplexed signal. The measurement module measures a parameter for the plurality of modes of the spatially multiplexed signal, wherein the parameter is a power or a signal to noise ratio (SNR). The difference calculator compares the measured parameter among a subset modes and/or among a known set of unperturbed parameters and determines a differential, the subset including at least one mode. The threshold and alarm module sets an alarm indicator when the differential is out of bounds.

Abstract: A method and a device for detecting Inband Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) are provided in the present invention, wherein the method includes the following steps: obtaining a signal power PCW1 of a first optical signal at a transmitting end, a signal power PCW2 of a second optical signal at the transmitting end, and a total signal power PS; obtaining a ratio k1 of the PCW2 to the PS and a ratio k2 of the PCW1 to the PCW2 according to the PCW1, PCW2 and PS; obtaining a signal power P?CW1 of the first optical signal at a detection point and a signal power P?CW2 of the second optical signal at the detection point; obtaining a ratio K3 of the P?CW1 to the P?CW2 according to the P?CW1 and the P?CW2; and obtaining the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio according to the k1, k2, and k3.

Abstract: A system, a device, and a method include a network interface device that measures optical power of a passive optical device; generates optical power data, and stores the optical power data. The system, the device, and the method, also includes generating alarms based on the optical power data and communication with remote network interface devices via the passive optical device.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a methodology for designing a large-scale non-blocking OCS using a multi-stage folded CLOS switch architecture for use in datacenter networks and fiber-rich backbone network POPs. One aspect employs a folded CLOS architecture because of its ease of implementation, enabling the topology to scale arbitrarily with increasing number of stages. The fraction of ports allocated for internal switch wiring (overhead) also increases with the number of stages. Design decisions are made to carefully optimize the insertion loss per module, number of ports per module, number of stages and the total scale required. Other embodiments include folded CLOS switch architectures having at least two stages. In one example, power monitoring may be included only on the leaf switches.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate a method, an apparatus, and a system for assigning a tributary port number. The method includes: receiving a service path request message which is sent by a neighboring node and carries a service type; determining, according to the service path request message, an OTU link used to bear the ODU service, determining and reserving, according to the service type in the service path request message, a free tributary slot resource used to bear the ODU service in the OTU link, and assigning a tributary port number to the free tributary slot resource; and sending a service path acknowledgment message to the neighboring node.

Abstract: An Optical Access Network, a Optical Network Unit (ONU) and various methods for exchanging information are provided.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) system which transmits downstream data to an optical network unit (ONU) as an optical line termination (OLT) receives seed light from a spectrum-sliced external light source module. One characteristic of the proposed WDM-PON system is that optical transmitters of the OLT and ONU are operated regardless of optical wavelength. Another characteristic of the proposed WDM-PON system is that a conventional TDMA-PON (E-PON or G-PON) ONU can be accommodated without a change.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present invention relate to An optical node comprising of at least two optical degrees; a plurality of directionless add/drop ports; and at least one wavelength equalizing array, wherein the at least one wavelength equalizing array is used to both select wavelengths for each degree, and to perform directionless steering for the add/drop ports.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an array of lasers, an array of electrical drivers, and optical filter. Each laser is configured to produce light in a corresponding wavelength-channel, wherein the wavelength-channels of different ones of the lasers are different. The electrical drivers are connected to directly modulate the lasers. Each driver produces a first driving current or voltage to cause a corresponding one of the lasers to be in a first lasing state and produces a different second driving current or voltage to cause the corresponding one of the lasers to be in a different second lasing state. The optical filter is connected to receive light output by the lasers. The optical filter selectively attenuates light from each of the lasers in the first lasing states thereof and to selectively pass light from each of the lasers in second lasing states thereof.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a system for transmitting information in a passive optical network are provided. The method mainly includes: obtaining OAM information that an RE device needs to report to an OLT device, performing modulation processing, according to the OAM information, on a downlink optical signal sent by the OLT device, and returning the downlink optical signal after the modulation processing to the OLT device; or, obtaining OAM information that an OLT device needs to deliver to an RE device, performing modulation processing, according to the OAM information, on a downlink optical signal sent by the OLT device to the RE device, and sending the downlink optical signal after the modulation processing to the RE device.

Abstract: A method of automatically binding first and second devices for RF communication is disclosed. One step of the method involves establishing a secure, non-RF communication mode between the first and second devices. According to another step, first and second communication addresses respectively identifying the first and second devices are exchanged in the secure, non-RF communication mode such that the first and second devices will recognize each other as communication partners. The secure, non-RF communication mode is then terminated and an RF communication mode is established between the first and second devices as a first bound pair.