Abstract: A vehicle door assembly comprises an inner panel integrally formed by upper and lower horizontal beams interconnected by front and rear upright beams, and an outer panel bonded to the inner panel. The frame portion comprises opposite front and rear U-shaped side frame members non-detachably attached to each other by upper and lower intermediate frame members so as to form a continuous perimeter. The side frame members are made of a first steel material and the intermediate frame members made of a second steel material, which is different from the first steel material. A method for manufacturing the inner panel comprises the steps: providing U-shaped sheets of the first steel material, providing top and bottom sheets of the second steel material, non-detachably connecting the U-shaped sheets to the top and bottom sheets so as to form a blank, and stamping the blank into the frame portion.

Abstract: Pet nail clippers contains a fixed grip, a movable grip connected with the fixed grip, a housing, an adjusting bolt, and a cutting assembly. The housing includes a beak portion and a neck portion coupling with the fixed grip which includes a receiving cavity. The cutting assembly includes a movable blade and a fixed blade disposed in the receiving cavity and extending out of the beak portion, and the movable blade contacts with the fixed blade and extends out of the beak portion. The movable blade is coupled with a driving rod connecting with the movable grip, the driving rod includes a second end coupling with a resilient element. The resilient element includes a second end mounted on the fixed grip, the housing also includes a through hole communicating with the movable blade, such that the adjusting bolt inserts through the through hole to abut against the movable blade.

Abstract: A shaving razor cartridge with a housing having a guard toward a front of the housing and a cap toward a rear of the housing. The cap has a crest. A leading blade is mounted to housing nearest the guard and a trailing blade mounted to the housing nearest the cap. Each blade has a blade edge. The blades define a blade plane tangent to the edge of the leading blade and the edge of the trailing blade. The cap having a cap span from the edge of the trailing blade to the crest and a cap height from the crest to the blade plane. A ratio of the cap span to the cap height is about 25:1 to about 70:1.

Abstract: An efficient and soft safety razor unit is provided including at least one blade with a sharp cutting edge extending lengthwise of the blade unit, built in an inverted “V” shape, in the first embodiment, or in a “V” shape, in another embodiment, the support structure has the same shape, so that, at shaving time, the blade or blade cut every single hair of the beard (or another part of the body, for example legs, or chest, etc.) with an angle corresponding to the angle in which the “V” has been built, producing or achieving a more efficient and softer beard cut, due to the “guillotine” effect on each beard hair produced by the inclined blades. This safety razor unit may have one or more blades (two, three, four, etc.) all of them made in an inverted “V” shape, or in the normal “V” shape and with the vortex rounded, so that the probability of skin injury is reduced to a minimum.

Abstract: A safety knife includes a handle plate. The handle plate is made of a planar sheet of steel. The handle plate is formed as a handle plate frame including a handle plate upper portion and a handle plate lower portion. The handle plate upper portion is connected to the handle plate lower portion at distal ends of the handle plate upper portion and handle plate lower portion. A blade has a blade edge for cutting. The blade is mounted so that it swivels between an open position and closed position. A blade pivot allows at least 180° swiveling and the blade is mounted to the blade pivot. The blade pivot is located on a first end of the handle plate. The handle plate further includes a handle plate action member extending from a second end of the handle plate.

Abstract: In opening and closing scissors, separation between both blades caused by inclination of one blade body relative to the other blade body is prevented or reduced. Specifically, with a head being in contact with a movable blade, a coil spring comes into contact with a head at one end and with the bottom of a counterbore at the other end. This pressing force allows a stationary blade to tightly abut on the movable blade. A taper face is formed at the stationary blade side of the head to press and expand the one end of the coil spring radially outside a pivot.

Abstract: Head for hedge trimmer comprising an external casing (2, 102) having an axis of rotation (X) and equipped with at least one lateral exit hole (4, 104) for a cutting wire (F), the external casing (2, 102) internally having a seating for the storage of a part of the cutting wire (F) so that an end portion (E) of the wire (F) exits from the casing (2, 102) through a lateral hole (4, 104). The head (1, 101) comprises, within the seating, a pair of presser discs (5, 6, 105, 106) facing each other and defining between them an annular shaped housing (7, 107) to contain said part of the cutting wire (F), the presser elements (5, 6, 106, 106) being movable towards each other along said axis of rotation (X) for compressing between them the part of the cutting wire (F) stored between them.

Abstract: A beverage-opening tool is provided. The tool may have a puncturing edge that can be positioned in contact with a beverage can and may penetrate the beverage can. In this manner, the beverage can may be opened. The tool may also have a tooth portion that can be positioned in contact with a bottle cap of a beverage bottle and can be used to remove the beverage cap. In this manner, the beverage bottle may be opened.

Abstract: The present application relates to a cutting head (1) for a device for cutting hair. The cutting head has an optical system (3) which directs a laser beam (7) across a cutting zone (8) in the cutting head. The laser beam has a fast and a slow axis. The optical system has a focus lens (6) configured to form a first focal point (11) of the laser beam in the cutting zone. In one embodiment, the optical system (3) also has a focusing element (15) which refocuses the laser beam to form a second focal point (16) of the laser beam in the cutting zone. In another embodiment, the focus lens forms a focal length of the laser beam in the cutting zone along its fast axis which is greater than a focal length of the laser beam in the cutting zone along its slow axis.

Abstract: A compass assembly includes a base plate having a UTM corner ruler with a first axis and a second axis, an opening extending through the base plate and along the first axis, and a compass supported by the base plate.

Abstract: A handheld device for finding the angle of a slope of a surface or verifying whether a surface is level or perpendicular which has a housing with a generally planer configuration, two perpendicularly intersecting straight edges, an arcuate slot comprising greater than 90° having a concave and a convex side positioned in said housing said concave side facing and opposed to said perpendicularly intersecting straight edges, a sealed tubular member filed with liquid and having one gas bubble therein, position along the arcuate slot and visible on at least one side of said housing. The tubular member is calibrated to determine 0 and 90 degree points which are marked on the housing and a plurality of indicia along said housing adjacent to said slot, indicating degrees between 0° to 90°.

Abstract: A method of finding a feature of an object using an analogue probe mounted on a machine tool. The method includes the analogue probe and/or object following a course of motion which causes the analogue probe's surface sensing region to traverse across the feature to be found a plurality of times whilst approaching the feature over successive traverses so as to ultimately arrive in a position sensing relationship with the feature so as to collect scanned measurement data about the feature along at least part of a traverse.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor element for a measuring machine, having a sensing component with a sensing element for optically measuring a surface; a sensing element receiving portion with a plate-shaped base; and a sensor housing with a sensing component receiving portion comprising at least one bearing which contacts the base, which has at least one defined bearing point, and via which the sensing component is connected in a movable manner relative to the sensing component receiving portion. The sensor housing has a coupling on a housing coupling side for connecting to the measuring machine and at least partly surrounds the sensing component at the base, and a force directed in the direction of the sensing element is applied to the base. The sensing component receiving portion lies in the sensor housing opposite the coupling side and has the at a least one bearing.

Abstract: An adjustable angle finder comprising a first linear arm connected to a second linear arm at a pivot axis. The adjustable angle finder also includes a scale associated with the first linear arm and the second linear arm providing for the display of an angle between the first and second linear arms. In addition, the length of at least one of the first and/or second linear arms is adjustable.

Abstract: A method for drying laundry with a radio frequency (RF) applicator having a plurality of baffles on a drum rotatable on a non-vertical axis, an anode element in at least one first baffle and a cathode element in at least one second baffle, the method including capacitively coupling the anode element to the cathode element, and energizing the RF applicator to generate a field of electromagnetic radiation (e-field) between the anode element and the cathode element, wherein liquid in the laundry residing within the e-field will be dielectrically heated to effect a drying of the laundry.

Abstract: The invention provides a monitoring device (32) for a dryer (10) includes a means for sensing a physical parameter, such as temperature or strain, at a sensing locus within the dryer (10), for example at a vial (20). The sensing means comprises an optical sensing fiber (38) having at least one fiber Bragg grating (54). Moreover, the invention provides a dryer, in particular a freeze dryer (10), which is equipped with such monitoring device (32).

Abstract: A clothes treating apparatus including a drum, an air suction duct forming a flow path of air introduced into the drum, an auxiliary fan introducing air into the air suction duct, an air exhaustion duct forming a flow path of air exhausted from the drum, a main fan exhausting air to the air exhaustion duct from the drum, a condenser heating air sucked into the drum through the air suction duct, an evaporator cooling air exhausted from the drum through the air exhaustion duct, and a compressor and an expander forming a heat pump together with the condenser and the evaporator. The method includes measuring a discharge side pressure of the compressor, and comparing the measured discharge side pressure with a maximum allowable pressure, and determining that the auxiliary fan does not operate when the discharge side pressure is more than the maximum allowable pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a removable wedge heel for high heel shoes, the removable wedge heel including: an upper slanted surface corresponding to a slanted bottom part of the high heel shoes; a bottom surface intersecting with the upper slanted surface so as to contact a ground; and a heel insertion hole formed toward the bottom surface from an upper portion of the upper bottom surface and closely inserted into a heel of the high heel shoes.

Abstract: This invention discloses a zippered and detachable cotton padded shoes, comprising the sole, the upper and the zipper. The upper and the sole are oversewed together, and the upper consists of the left upper and right upper. The left shoe upper and the right upper are zipped up at the fore-end by the said zipper. This invention discloses a zippered and detachable cotton padded shoes with simple structure, and a zipper set at the upper allows easy and full cleaning and solarization by unzippering the left and right uppers to expose the sole and toe part so that when the shoes is dried after cleaning and solarization, it will maintain the original warmth and comfort and save time and laboring as well.

Abstract: An article of footwear with a knitted component including an upper and an integral knit ankle cuff is provided. The upper and the ankle cuff are formed as a one-piece knit element. The knit element forms a portion of an exterior surface of the upper and an opposite interior surface of the upper, with the interior surface forming a void for receiving a foot. The ankle cuff is formed of unitary knit construction with the upper as a one-piece knit element and extends above a throat area of the upper. The ankle cuff includes malleolus zones on medial and lateral sides to correspond with the ankle bones of a wearer. The knit component further incorporates features to assist with providing entry for a foot of a wear, providing comfort to a wearer, and to assist with orientation of the upper of the article of footwear when being worn.

Abstract: A hallux valgus sandal (1) can include a sole element (10) having an outsole (12) and a footbed (14). The hallux valgus sandal (1) can also include a big-toe support(40) for laterally supporting the big toe and a metatarsal belt (20), which circularly surrounds the metatarsal bones in interaction with the sole element (10) when the sandal (1) is worn and the length of which can be changed. A pressure cushion (30) is arranged on the inside of the sandal (1) in the area of the metatarsus in such a way that a laterally directed force can be applied to the inner metatarsal bone by applying the metatarsal belt (20) over the pressure cushion (30).

Abstract: An article of footwear includes a sole assembly with a rib that is resiliently flexible, and the rib has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis. The transverse axis extends at an acute angle relative to the ground surface, and the rib includes a first longitudinal end, a second longitudinal end, and a middle portion disposed between the first and second longitudinal ends. A height of the first and/or second longitudinal end is greater than that of the middle portion. The rib is operable to axially support a first force applied substantially along the acute angle relative to the ground surface, and the rib transverse axis remains substantially straight in response to the first force. The rib resiliently bends about the rib longitudinal axis in response to a second force applied substantially normal to the ground surface to make the rib transverse axis non-linear.

Abstract: A shoe comprises a sole and an upper. The sole comprises a lower sole member and an upper sole member. The lower sole member includes a plurality of sipes and a longitudinal cavity. The longitudinal cavity is at least in a sole midfoot region and extends downwardly from a top surface of the lower sole member. The plurality of sipes extend upwardly from the bottom surface of the lower sole member and intersect the longitudinal cavity such that the plurality of sipes and the longitudinal cavity combine to define a plurality of through openings. The upper sole member is within the cavity and covers the plurality of through openings.

Abstract: A spring assembly defining an elongated axis and includes an axially elongated connector articulately connected toward a first end to a first member and articulately connected toward a second end to a second member for joining and permitting pivotal movements between the first and second members. Two springs are arranged axially relative to each other along and about the connector between the first and second ends thereof. An alignment member is disposed between the two springs for aligning adjacent ends of the two springs relative to each other and relative to an elongated axis of the spring assembly. The alignment member defines a generally centralized opening adapted to slidably move along and relative to the connector.

Abstract: A plow attachment for an excavator, including a distal portion having elongated curved front and rear walls, and an elongated top wall, a pair of oppositely disposed elongated hook-shaped side walls connected to the top, front and rear walls and defining an elongated trough, a soil-deflecting wedge portion extending from between the sidewall portions and positioned opposite the top wall member. The plow attachment includes a proximal portion connected to the distal portion and having a flat skid plate member, a structural member connected to the flat plate member, and a hoe connecting member connected to the structural member.

Abstract: An edge protection segment for an edge protection system of a ground engaging implement is disclosed. The edge protection segment includes a first side, a second side, a width, a wedge portion, an exterior leg, and an interior leg. The second side is oppositely disposed and lateral to the first side. The width is up to 6 centimeters and is the distance between the first side and the second side. The exterior leg and the interior leg each extend from the wedge portion. The wedge portion, the exterior leg and the interior leg each extend between the first side and the second side.

Abstract: A ground engaging tooth assembly for a cutting edge of a ground engaging implement may include an adapter and a ground engaging tip. The adapter may have a forward extending adapter nose having an inverted or reverse keystone-shaped contour, with the ground engaging tip having a nose cavity for receiving the adapter nose and exterior surfaces having complementary shapes to the adapter nose. The adapter nose and an adapter cavity of the tip may also be configured with complimentary surfaces that increase retention between the adapter nose and the tip when downward forces are applied to the tip. In other embodiments, the surfaces of the tip may include reliefs extending inwardly into the body of the tip to reduce weight and facilitate penetration of the tip into work material as wear material wears away from a front edge of the tip.

Abstract: A ground engaging tip of a tooth assembly for a base edge of a ground engaging implement, is provided, wherein the tooth assembly includes an adapter configured for attachment to a base edge of the ground engaging implement and having a forwardly extending adapter nose. The ground engaging tip may have a substantially keystone-shaped contour providing additional wear material at the top surface for use in top-wearing earth moving applications.

Abstract: A system for steaming clothes is disclosed. A steamer is connected through a hose to a steaming component having a plurality of connecting tubes, where the steaming component having the plurality of connecting tubes, where the plurality of connecting tubes connects to a plurality of detachable ventilating tubes, where the plurality of the detachable ventilating tubes have a plurality of holes to expel steam. The steaming component with the plurality of connecting tubes are configured to hold an article of clothing that fits around the steaming component and the plurality of connecting tubes, where the steaming component is configured to receive the steam from the steamer to expel the steam through the plurality of holes to entirely steam an entire portion of the article of clothing.

Abstract: A parking space sign system that is mountable to existing parking bumpers or includes a flexible support structure for placement in parking spaces with parking bumpers, a frame mount having at least one transparent frame sleeve formed by sleeve flanges, at least one panel with indicia on its face and at least one mounting aperture for mounting the frame to a parking bumper with hardware or slotted end caps instead of mounting apertures in the frame mount for sealing the ends of the frame mount and securing it to a parking bumper.

Abstract: A mobile support structure for a display device includes a cross bar having a first end and a second end, a display, a first pair of legs, and a second pair of legs. A first coupling defines a first transverse cavity receiving the cross bar and a first pair of axial cavities receiving the first pair of legs. A second coupling defines a second transverse cavity receiving the cross bar and a second pair of axial cavities receiving the second pair of legs. A locking mechanism is disposed in at least one of the cross bar and the first pair of legs. A wheel coupling includes a wheel and is engaged with at least one of the first coupling and the second coupling such that when in a moving position, the wheel contacts a ground surface and rolls the display from a first location to a second location.

Abstract: The invention provides for a medical wrist band, specifically for infants and babies, which is economical to manufacture, durable, easy on the skin, does not cause allergic reactions and cannot be removed and reapplied without being damaged.

Abstract: An apparatus for marketing a brand may generally comprise coupling members and an advertising member. The advertising member may serve as a marketing tool upon which a marketer can display information to a potential consumer, thereby making a commercial impression upon an end user. Each coupling member is configured to be placed upon a hook, or to receive a hook from a hanger. For example, a coupling member may be configured to receive a plurality of hooks. Said coupling members may also be equipped with adjustors, such as to allow for the apparatus to be secured to a hook, and for the plurality of hangers to be secured to the apparatus.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, kit, and method is disclosed to organize and configure pictures in a desired image on a surface without needing to determine the alignment of individual pictures. The pictures are generally organized to create a shape, letter, word, or object that is separate and distinct from the shape of the pictures creating the image. Therefore, a series of pictures of one or more size, configuration, orientation, and or shape may be used in combination to create the image. A picture template is therefore provided having a base with an exterior boarder, and a plurality of holes in the base. The plurality of holes are arranged such that an exterior perimeter circumscribing the plurality of holes creates the desired image.

Abstract: An elongated rail member for end-wise attachment to a further elongated rail member for the manufacture of a two-sided flexible fabric display supporting quadrilateral-frame-assembly, each elongated rail member comprising an elongated outermost bridging member; an innermost elongated bridging member and an intermediate elongated bridging member each connected along their elongated edges by a first side member and a second side member resectively, including a graphic bead supporting slot arranged on each side of an elongated bridging member to enable simultaneous one or two sided display of a flexible graphic.

Abstract: The present invention is a modified magazine adapted to prevent live ammunition from being loaded therein and subsequently chambered into and discharged from a firearm. The magazine includes a restriction plate positioned within a cavity of the magazine and securely coupled to an interior surface of a front wall of the magazine. The restriction plate has a thickness sufficient to reduce the size of the opening of the magazine and prevent the loading of a live round into the magazine. The length of the modified opening, as reduced by the thickness of the restriction plate, is less than the length of the live round of ammunition, thereby preventing loading and/or feeding of a live round of ammunition into the magazine and further preventing discharge of a live round from the firearm. The reduced size of the opening is sufficient to receive only blank rounds of ammunition.

Abstract: A device that causes a weapon to fire upon a target when the weapon is enabled by an operator, and when the weapon point of impact passes through a target or in a proximity thereto and when the target satisfies certain criteria as determined by one or more sensors/designations. The invention triggers the release of a round, multi-round burst, rocket, missile, or other projectile(s) when enabled by the operator, and when the target passes through the point of impact (or desired/computed proximity thereto), relieving the operator of the split second judgment in timing the release and/or cessation of such fire. The results include reduction in off-target rounds fired, increased hit rate, conservation of ammunition, more effective targeting for non-motion-stabilized weapons , and the introduction of a backup mode for nominally motion-stabilized weapons which may allow effective operations when primary stabilization systems fail or are overwhelmed by dynamics.

Abstract: A lower receiver for a firearm is disclosed that includes a trigger and hammer assemblies receiving section and a magazine well section, a raised bolt catch mount and a trigger access opening defined between the sections. The bolt catch mount includes an opening for insertion of a bolt catch mounting pin, a pin insertion relief formed at the magazine well section aligned with bolt catch mount opening. A trigger finger guide feature is defined between the trigger access opening and the magazine well section below the bolt catch mount.

Abstract: The invention relates to safety components/modifications for a firearm barrel for preventing discharge of live ammunition from the firearm. The invention includes one embodiment of a modified barrel including a rod member transversely positioned within a portion of the bore of the barrel adjacent to the chamber to prevent chambering or loading of a live round. The modified barrel further includes a standard blank-firing adapter (BFA) fixedly coupled to the distal or muzzle end of the barrel.

Abstract: Rifles, such as the AR-15, can be equipped with four connected rectangular plates, referred to as a “Quad Rail.” The purpose of the quad rail is to accommodate shooter's accessories such as high powered scope, night or infrared scope, battery(ies), laser pointer, optical range finder, and single hand grip or a bi-pod. Once the shooter selects the accessory, he or she is stuck with it, since replacement of the accessory is time consuming. My invention improves the quad rail by allowing the shooter to rotate it under conditions in the field without any tools. Rotation in the field permits rapid deployment of the accessories and avoids the need for re-calibration. The shooter's accessories are all mounted on the quad rail, such that through rotation of the quad rail or series of quad rails, a different accessory or combination of accessories can be immediately utilized.

Abstract: A weapon stabilizer that is easily installed at a hunting location for stabilization of a weapon. The Prusik knot forms a loop that depends from the support arm of the weapon stabilizer and suspends the weapon for stable firing. The weapon stabilizer has a multitude of embodiments for ways to affix to trees or poles for use. The mounting bracket can be used and affixed to a tree in a variety of ways and then the weapon stabilizer is attached to the mounting bracket.

Abstract: An assembly (10) for providing an assembly output beam comprises a laser assembly (12), a power source (14), and a system controller (16). The power source (14) is electrically coupled to the laser assembly (12). The system controller (16) directs power from the power source (14) to the laser assembly (12). Additionally, the system controller (16) includes a capacitor assembly (22) that is electrically connected to the laser assembly (12), and a current source (20) that directs power from the power source (14) to the capacitor assembly (22) and the laser assembly (12). The power source (14) and the capacitor assembly (22) cooperate to provide power to the laser assembly (12). Further, the capacitor assembly (22) provides pulses of power and the current source (20) directs the pulses of power to the laser assembly (12). Moreover, the current source (20) charges the capacitor assembly (22) in between the pulses of power.

Abstract: A method for dead stick fishing. The method includes casting a lure from a fishing rod to a selected spatial location in a body of water or slightly outside of the body of water. In a specific embodiment, the lure comprises at least a processor device coupled to a sound module and coupled to a lighting module. The method also includes allowing the lure settle and be substantially motionless state, e.g., lying with little or slight movement or suspended or floating with little or slight movement from the angler. The method includes transferring a combination of audio information and electromagnetic radiation from the lure to a region of water surrounding a vicinity of the lure to entice a predator fish to strike the lure while the lure is in the substantially motionless state.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology relate to stackable fishing assemblies. In on embodiment, a fishing assembly includes a first buoyant section, a second buoyant section that is spaced apart from the first buoyant section to form a groove that is configured to spool fishing line, and a tubular handle extending from the first and second buoyant sections, the tubular handle having a first end and a second end, wherein the second end is sized to mate with a second tubular handle of a second fishing assembly that is constructed substantial similar to the fishing assembly.

Abstract: A jointed fishing hook is provided. The jointed fishing hook includes a top shank and a bottom shank. The top shank includes a first end and a second end. The first end of the top shank forms a first eye. The bottom shank includes a first end and a second end. The second end of the bottom shank includes a bend forming a hook. The second end of the top shank is pivotally connected to the first end of the bottom shank. Therefore, the bottom shank may freely move relative to the top shank.

Abstract: An apparatus with a submersed unit, an air pump, a switching-mode power supply, a power transmission cable, a multi-position selector switch, and an air hose is used to aerate and also heat a quantity of water that holds live bait used for fishing. The switching-mode power supply and the air pump are enclosed within a head unit housing which is plugged into a power source. The water containing the live bait is aerated through an aeration stone connected to the air pump through the air hose. When the water needs to be heated a temperature sensitive heating element heats the water. The supplied conditions are controlled by the multi-position selector switch. The temperature sensitive heating element is powered through the power transmission cable and contains a thermistor and a resistive wire. More specifically, when the thermistor detects a drop in temperature, the resistive wire converts electricity into heat.

Abstract: An apparatus for using microwave energy for treating an infected site infested with insects or other small pests is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a source of microwave energy connected to a power source and a power controller, a transmission element, and an antenna. The apparatus can also comprise an isolator to protect the source of microwave energy. Methods to use such an apparatus for treatment of an infected site are also disclosed.

Abstract: Base compounds including 1,3-oxazinan-6-one derivatives of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl propionic acids and paraformaldehyde, and their application as corrosion inhibitors with multifunctional properties serving as inhibitory/dispersant of asphaltene in production processes, transportation, refining and storage of crude oil and derivatives. The corrosion inhibitor with inhibitory/dispersant of asphaltenes properties comprises an active substance base of 1,3-oxaninan-6-ones and hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, alcohols, aliphatic branched and unbranched alcohols containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as isopropanol, butanol and pentanol, and mixtures of hydrocarbon solvents with aliphatic branched or unbranched liquid fuels. In addition, a process for obtaining 1,3-oxazinan-6-ones derivatives of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl propionic acids and paraformaldehyde is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid fuel composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons and a cyclic hydrocarbon compound that suppresses the emission of soot particulates. The present invention also relates to a method for reducing the emission of soot particulates in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. It is desirable for the cyclic hydrocarbon compound to contain one or more oxygen atoms.

Abstract: A solid lignocellulosic fuel composition is produced from combining the syrup co-product of a lignocellulosic biomass fermentation process and an additional fuel component. The syrup is an excellent binder for a powdery fuel material that is not readily handled. The fuel composition is further processed to form briquettes, pellets and the like.