Abstract: A method for producing a biocompatible structure includes: obtaining a load graph and a stress graph representing a relationship between a weight percentage of tissue forming nanoparticles and a maximum load or maximum stress of a polymer film, respectively; determining a first and second weight percentage corresponding to a peak of the load graph and the stress graph respectively; determining an optimal weight percentage based on the first and second weight percentages; preparing a polymer film having the optimal weight percentage of the first tissue forming nanoparticles to the polymer; dividing the polymer film to multiple strips; constructing a scaffold by stacking the strips to form polymer layers and adding bone or composite particles between the polymer layers; applying a solution to the scaffold to form a coated scaffold; and adding second tissue forming particles to the coated scaffold to form the biocompatible structure.

Abstract: A method for applying a magnetic element to a surface includes the steps of providing a magnetized surface capable of holding a magnetic element, providing a substrate having a surface to be modified by the addition of the magnetic element, bringing the magnetic element into contact with the surface of the substrate, eliminating the magnetism of the magnetized surface to create an un-magnetized surface, and withdrawing the un-magnetized surface from contact with the surface of the substrate, thereby leaving behind the magnetic element on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Plastic films are prevented from being peeled off from each other at a joining portion. A composite film has superposed external and internal films and is superposed with an additional body. The films and the body are joined with each other to form a first joining portion between the films, and a second joining portion between the internal film and the body. The first joining portion has a first joining width and includes first outer and inner edges. The second joining portion has a second joining width and includes second outer and inner edges. The first or second joining width is adjusted such that the first joining width is less than the second joining width, with the first inner edge formed outwardly of the second inner edge.

Abstract: A bonding method and a bonding tool that enable quick and reliable bonding of an optical fiber to a structural body by a simple process, and a method for producing a structural body are provided. In an optical fiber (1), a strand is coated with a coating portion of a thermoplastic resin. At least one portion of the coating portion is heated and melted by a heater (14). The portion where the thermoplastic resin is melted of the optical fiber (1) and a surface of a structural body (17) are brought into contact with each other in a state in which the thermoplastic resin is melted. A molding roller (15) pressure-bonds the optical fiber (1) to the surface of the structural body (17) . The thermoplastic, resin is then cooled and cured, so that the optical fiber (1) is bonded to the structural body (17).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cross-linkable, elastomeric silicone composition and to a method using the composition according to the invention to form seals for sealing and assembling components of a power train. The silicone elastomers prepared from the composition according to the invention have: good resistance to ageing in chemically aggressive fluids such as those used e.g. in a power train, in this case engine oils, gearbox and axle lubricants, oil/gasoline mixtures, coolants, fuels, or antifreeze; good adhesion properties, even to surfaces soiled by the oils used in a power train; and good mechanical-strength properties, such as breaking strength, elongation at break, and Shore hardness.

Abstract: A strip of curable prepreg comprising unidirectional fibres aligned with the length of the strip, the fibres being at least partially impregnated with curable thermosetting resin and comprising a flexible polymeric sheet on an outer face of the strip, wherein the strip has a substantially rectangular cross-section defining a width and a thickness of the strip.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a process chamber including a sidewall, a mounting table disposed in the process chamber, a shield member which is disposed along the inner surface of the sidewall to surround the mounting table and has an opening facing the transfer port, and a shutter configured to open/close the opening, the shutter being movable up and down. The shutter has a first portion adapted to face the opening, and a second portion adapted to face the shield member at a lower side of the shield member. The shield member has a lower portion including a contact surface facing the second portion. A contactor adapted to contact the contact surface is disposed at the second portion. The first portion of the shutter closes the opening through a gap between the first portion and the shield member. The contact surface and the contactor are formed of HASTELLOY®.

Abstract: Systems to improve front-side process uniformity by back-side metallization are disclosed. In some implementations, a back-side process system deposits a metal layer on the back-side of a wafer prior to performing a plasma-based process on the front side of the wafer. Presence of the back-side metal layer reduces variations in, for example, thickness of a deposited and/or etched layer resulting from the plasma-based process.

Abstract: A semiconductor processing apparatus includes an electromagnetic generator, an analog signal module, and an electromagnetic shield. The electromagnetic generator is capable of generating an electromagnetic field. The analog signal module is located adjacent to the electromagnetic generator and capable of generating an analog signal. The electromagnetic shield is capable of shielding the analog signal module. The electromagnetic shield includes a plurality of covering plates. Each of the covering plates and the analog signal module are apart from at least a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A showerhead includes a body configured to receive a reaction gas, a nozzle on the body configured to inject the reaction gas to a substrate, and a plurality of conducting members in thermal contact with the body to conduct heat generated from the substrate.

Abstract: The plasma device is disclosed, the plasma device including a chamber configured to accommodate a substrate, and a plasma source formed at one side of the chamber to excite a reaction gas of the substrate introduced into the chamber in a plasma state, wherein the plasma source moves in parallel with the substrate, whereby the substrate can be uniformly plasma-processed.

Abstract: A placement table includes: a base; an electrostatic chuck disposed on the base and including a placement surface on which a workpiece is placed; a plurality of heat generating members disposed at a side opposite to the placement surface of the electrostatic chuck; a power supply configured to generate a current for causing each of the plurality of heat generating members to generate heat; a plurality of electric wires installed to extend in a direction crossing the placement surface from the plurality of heat generating members, respectively, and configured to connect the power supply with the heat generating members, respectively; and a filter mounted on each of the plurality of electric wires to remove a high frequency component having a frequency higher than that of the current generated by the power supply.

Abstract: A bonding head and a die bonding apparatus having the same are disclosed. The bonding head includes a body connected to a driving section for transferring the die, a plate heater mounted to a lower surface of the body and a collet mounted to a lower surface of the plate heater and configured to hold the die using a vacuum pressure. A cooling channel is formed at the lower surface of the body, and cooling passages are formed through the body and connected with the cooling channel to supply a cooling fluid into the cooling channel and to recover the cooling fluid from the cooling channel thereby cooling the plate heater.

Abstract: A tool for curing a composite layup comprises a tool body having a surface adapted to support a composite layup thereon. The tool includes an integrated breather for allowing removal of air from the layup during curing.

Abstract: Provided is a device of bonding substrates together, which includes a first holding unit configured to vacuum-draw a first substrate and to adsorptively hold the first substrate on a lower surface thereof and a second holding unit installed below the first holding unit and configured to vacuum-draw a second substrate and to adsorptively hold the second substrate on an upper surface thereof. The second holding unit includes: a body portion configured to vacuum-draw the entire surface of the second substrate; a plurality of pins installed on the body portion and configured to make contact with a rear surface of the second substrate; and a support portion installed on the body portion at the outer side of the pins, the support portion having a reduced contact area over which the support portion makes contact with an outer peripheral portion of the second substrate.

Abstract: Transfer of nanoscale elements from a substrate on which they were manufactured or transferred to a flexible sheet may be performed by local and progressive deformation of the flexible sheet over the surface of the substrate to attach and lift the nanoscale elements from the substrate with controlled inter-element registration.

Abstract: A unloading mechanism for removing workpieces from a transporting film can include a loading assembly and a unloading assembly coupled to the loading assembly. The loading assembly can include a base, a first driving member and an absorbent member. The base can include a base body, a first guiding member slidably extending through the base body, and a plurality of pushing members coupled to the base body. The first driving member can be coupled to the base body. The absorbent member can be coupled to the first guiding member. The absorbent member can define a plurality of receiving holes, and the pushing members can be received in the receiving holes. The unloading assembly can include a second driving member coupled to the first driving member, and a stopping member coupled to the second driving member adjacent to the absorbent member.

Abstract: A shading assembly configured to have a first selectable state that is transmissive to more than 40% of solar light and reflects more than 35% of solar heat, a second selectable state that blocks more than 75% of the solar light and transmits more than 50% of the solar heat, and a third selectable state that transmits more than 50% of the solar light and more than 50% of the solar heat.

Abstract: An installation unit for installation to a rail of a window curtain assembly includes an elongate rack and multiple slots are defined through the rack. Multiple sliding members are connected to the rack. The sliding members are installed to the rail of the window curtain assembly. By removing the rack from the sliding members, the sliding members are remained in the rail of the window curtain assembly. The installation of the sliding members to the rail is easy and quick.

Abstract: A stringless curtain structure has a curtain body, a string rolling mechanism and two breaking units, wherein weight of a spring in the string rolling mechanism and a weighted lower beam is balanced, the user can push/pull the weighted lower beam to control a curtain of the curtain body to eliminate the exposure of the string, so little children would not play with the string to lead to dangerous situation. Furthermore, the breaking unit is disposed at each sides of the string rolling mechanism, so when the curtain needs to be positioned, the friction between the string and the breaking units can be used to enhance the precision of the positioning of the curtain body.

Abstract: A pulping process comprises using a high concentration of anthraquinone (AQ). The pulping process is capable of providing a pulp having low Kappa number with unexpectedly high strength. The pulping process can use wood or non-wood fibers (e.g., bagasse and corn stover) to provide pulp having good papermaking quality. The method for pulping a fiber comprising cooking a first mixture comprising the fibers, water, an alkali, and a delignification selectivity enhancing chemical for a cooking time and at a cooking condition sufficient to form a first pulp having a desired Kappa number of about 15 or less, and strength parameters that are sufficient for papermaking, where the starting material prior to cooking has a Kappa number of 60 or greater.

Abstract: A method of making a fabric-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet. A papermaking furnish is compactively dewatered to form a nascent web having an apparently random distribution of papermaking fiber. The dewatered web is applied to a translating transfer surface that is moving at a transfer surface speed. The web is fabric creped from the transfer surface utilizing a patterned creping fabric. The fabric creping step occurs under pressure in a fabric creping nip defined between the transfer surface and the creping fabric. The creping fabric contacts the transfer surface and applies pressure to the web against the transfer surface such that the fibers of the web are redistributed on the creping fabric to form a web with a drawable reticulum having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local basis weights.

Abstract: Paper products, such as hand towels, have high absorbency, high caliper, and good perceived softness. Two-ply products have a caliper of at least about 260 mils/8 sheets and an SAT capacity of at least about 650 g/m2. The paper products are made using a structuring fabric that has a high planar volumetric index, which indicates a relation between the contact area ratio of a papermaking web contacting surface of the structuring fabric and the volume of pockets of the fabric.

Abstract: Paper products, such as hand towels, have high absorbency, high caliper, and good perceived softness. The paper products are made using a structuring fabric that has a high adjusted planar volumetric index, which indicates a relation between the contact area ratio of a papermaking web contacting surface of the structuring fabric and the volume of pockets of the fabric, with the contact area ratio and the volume of pockets being calculated on the basis of a non-rectangular, parallelogram unit cell.

Abstract: A disposable cellulosic wiper includes a percentage by weight of pulp-derived papermaking fibers, and a percentage by weight of regenerated independent cellulosic microfibers having a number average diameter of less than about 2 microns and a characteristic Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) value of less than 175 ml. The microfibers are selected and present in amounts such that the wiper exhibits an average effective pore radius of less than 50 microns.

Abstract: A method of treating a cellulosic slurry to improve drainage is disclosed; the method comprises adding a surfactant based brown stock wash aid to a cellulosic furnish in an amount of from 0.5 to 1 lbs per ton and adding a synthetic polymer papermachine drainage or strength aid to the furnish in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 lbs per ton, allowing the furnish to drain and forming a paper product.

Abstract: A device for manufacturing, processing or finishing a web-shaped material web, in particular a fiber-material, paper, tissue or cardboard web, includes an interior space and a housing which, at least in part, surrounds the interior space and has an inner face and an outer face. The interior space has a temperature which is different from that of the surroundings of the housing, and the inner face and/or the outer face, at least in partial-regions, is/are provided with a thermal-insulation layer composed of at least one coating.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods and related systems for laser-assisted casting. Some embodiments include a method including: performing laser ablation to a preliminary wax casting model to form a modified wax model including at least one additional feature absent from the wax casting substrate; coating the modified wax model to form a mold shape around the modified wax model; and removing the modified wax model to leave a casting mold including the at least one additional feature.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods and related systems for laser-assisted casting. Some embodiments include a method including: performing laser ablation to a preliminary wax casting model to form a modified wax model including at least one surface texture element absent from the wax casting substrate; coating the modified wax model to form a mold shape around the modified wax model; and removing the modified wax model to leave a casting mold including the at least one surface texture element.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods and related systems for laser-assisted casting. Some embodiments include a method including: performing laser ablation to a preliminary wax casting model to form a modified wax model including at least one cooling hole absent from the wax casting substrate; coating the modified wax model to form a mold shape around the modified wax model; and removing the modified wax model to leave a casting mold including the at least one cooling hole.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods and related systems for laser-assisted casting. Some embodiments include a method including: performing laser ablation on a preliminary wax casting model to form a modified wax model including at least one additional feature absent from the preliminary wax casting model; coating the modified wax model to form a mold shape around the modified wax model; removing the modified wax model to leave a casting mold including the at least one additional feature; forming a shape from a casting material using the casting mold having the at least one additional feature; and scanning the modified wax model to image the at least one additional feature after the performing of the laser ablation.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for continuously casting metal strip includes a pair of casting rolls having casting surfaces with a center portion, edge portions each having average surface roughness between 3 and 7 micrometers Ra, and intermediate portion between each edge portion and the center portion, the center portion average surface roughness between 1.2 and 4.0 times the edge portion surface roughness, and the intermediate portions average surface roughness between that of the edge and center portions. The surface roughness of the center portion is tapered across its width, and may be tapered across its width is in stepped zones. The center portion may have surface roughness varied across the surface to correspond to a desired variation in metal shell thickness across the cast strip. The center portion may be at least 60% of the casting roll width, and each edge portion may be up to 7% of the casting roll width.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing casting molds and cores, in which a foundry base material comprising at least one refractory material and a binder curable by CO2, preferably based on water glass, is cured by gassing with CO2 and flushing with a second gas. The invention further relates to molds and cores produced according to this method.

Abstract: There are provided a casting roll of a twin-roll strip caster and a method for manufacturing a high-nitrogen duplex stainless steel strip having no dimple. The casting roll has an average roughness Ra of 10 ?m to 30 ?m, and diagonal fine grooves having a width of 50 ?m to 500 ?m, an interval of 100 ?m to 1000 ?m, and a depth of 50 ?m to 200 ?m are formed in the casting roll. The diagonal fine grooves are symmetrically intersecting each other at an angle of 30° to 70° with respect to circumferential direction of the casting roll.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a martensitic stainless steel sheet by allowing ingot steel to pass through two casting rolls rotating in opposing directions through a twin roll strip caster is provided. The method includes rolling a steel sheet cast between the casting rolls at a temperature of 1000 to 1200° C. and a draft percentage of 25 to 50% with a first roller, and rolling the steel sheet at a temperature of 800 to 1000° C. and a draft percentage of 5 to 15% with a second roller.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for storing electric energy in the form of thermal energy. A thermoelectric energy storage system includes a working fluid circuit for circulating a working fluid through a heat exchanger, and a thermal storage medium circuit for circulating a thermal storage medium. The thermal storage medium circuit includes at least one hot storage tank, an intermediate temperature storage tank, and a cold storage tank connected together via the heat exchanger. A proportion of the storage medium is redirected to or from the intermediate storage tank from or to the hot or cold storage tank, joining another proportion which flows directly between the cold and hot storage tank.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for the treating gases, such as natural gas extracted as shale gas, has a heat-insulated protective housing with a stratified liquid reservoir. An outer heat exchanger outside the protective housing has a primary side about which ambient air flows as heating medium and a secondary side for cold stratified reservoir liquid to be heated and fed back to the stratified reservoir. A defined quantity of gas flows through an inner heat exchanger inside the housing and is heated to a defined gas temperature by heated stratified reservoir liquid. The cooled stratified reservoir liquid leaving the inner heat exchanger feeds back to the stratified reservoir. The heated gas leaving the inner heat exchanger flows to a gas analysis apparatus inside or outside the heat-insulated protective housing.

Abstract: A method and device for cooling and/or heating media, preferably in a motor vehicle, the method in which at least one first heat source is cooled and at least one second heat sink is heated by a thermal management system. In a method in which the heating or cooling can occur on demand, heat and/or cold are shifted by the thermal management system in space and time to the heat sink and/or heat source, which is characterized by need.

Abstract: A heat medium discharge side of a first pump and a heat medium discharge side of a second pump are connected to a first switching valve in parallel. Heat medium inlet sides of the respective target devices for heat exchange included in a first target device group for heat exchange are connected to a first switching valve in parallel. The heat medium inlet side of the first pump and the heat medium inlet side of the second pump are connected to a second switching valve in parallel. The heat medium outlet sides of the respective target devices for heat exchange included in the first target device group for heat exchange are connected to the second switching valve in parallel. Furthermore, switching is performed between a state of circulation of the heat medium between the first pump and the target device, and a state of circulation of the heat medium between the second pump and the target device.

Abstract: An exchanger for a pool, large storage tank, or pond is described herein. In one embodiment, the exchanger includes a diffuser hub, exchanger extension arms that extend radially outward from the diffuser hub, one or more exchanger rings that intersect with the heat exchanger extension arms, and a fill tube that extends to the diffuser hub. One or both of the heat exchanger arms and/or the exchanger rings include fluid apertures that direct fluid into the pool. Fluid pumped into the fill tube may flow through into the diffuser, through the exchanger extension arms and/or the one or more exchanger rings, and out through the fluid apertures at various locations into the pool. As such, heated fluid, or fluid to be mixed, for example, may be more evenly and quickly distributed into the pool.

Abstract: A system for regulating the internal temperature of a structure such as a domicile or office is described. The system is configured to employ a series of inter-wall channels, designed to direct air originating from at least one HVAC unit and at least one heat exchanger in order to equalize the temperature within the walls, ceiling, and the flooring of a conventional structure. In this manner, the system employs air as an effective insulator, supplementing the existing fiberglass insulation of a structure with a dynamic, temperature sensitive means of insulation, helping to keep heating and cooling costs down, and limiting strain on the HVAC units of the structure.

Abstract: A heat exchanger module adapted for being mounted directly to the outer surface of the housing of an automobile system component, such as a transmission or engine housing, is provided. The heat exchanger module comprises a heat exchanger fixedly attached to an adapter module. The adapter module contains one of more fluid transfer channels, interface connectors, seals and mounting holes for screws and/or bolts. In one exemplary embodiment, the adapter module is comprised of an adapter plate that is sealed with one or more shim plates, the shim plates also providing a brazing surface for brazing the adapter module directly to the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger therefore being attached to the adapter module without the use of a base plate.

Abstract: Implementations described herein provide a pixelated substrate support assembly which enables both lateral and azimuthal tuning of the heat transfer between an electrostatic chuck and a cooling base comprising the substrate support assembly, which in turn, allows both lateral and azimuthal tuning of a substrate processed on the substrate support assembly. A processing chamber having a pixelated substrate support assembly and method for processing a substrate using a pixelated substrate support assembly are also provided.

Abstract: A tube support in the form of a stake having at least one protrusion mounted on its longitudinal surface. The protrusion contacts adjoining tubes of a tube bundle and exerts a force tending to separate the tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a bundle of tubes, which can be inserted into a tubular housing. Exhaust gas can flow through the tubes. A coolant duct can be arranged between the tubes. The bundle of tubes can have at least one grid-like securing structure which supports the bundle in the housing. The behavior of the heat exchanger with respect to vibrations is affected by outwardly curved metallic springs attached to the bundle of tubes which may be deformed in the opposite direction to the insertion direction of the bundle into the housing. The spring force is directed against the housing in order to dampen vibrations. The heat exchanger can also include an elastic device for permitting a change in length caused by temperature changes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a housing designed to envelop a heat-exchange core bundle. The housing includes an opening that allows the heat-exchange core bundle to be housed inside the housing. The heat-exchange core bundle includes a first end designed to plug the opening of the housing when the heat-exchange core bundle is inserted inside the housing, and a second end of the heat-exchange core bundle, opposite the first end, with at least one fastening means in the form of a peg, for fastening the second end of the heat-exchange core bundle to the wall of the housing.

Abstract: A heat transfer medium assembly unit, especially for a heat exchanger arrangement of a vehicle heater, includes a housing part (16) with at least one opening (22, 24) for receiving a connecting branch. At least one flexible fixing element is associated with the at least one opening (22, 24) for receiving a connecting branch. The at least one flexible fixing element is provided for fixing a connecting branch (12, 14) mounted in the opening (22, 24) for receiving a connecting branch for providing a connecting branch/housing part preassembled assembly unit (76).

Abstract: A rocker-type poultry chiller, including a tank for receiving poultry carcasses and holding chilled water, an axle mounted in the tank, a main paddle connected to the axle, and a side paddle connected to the axle. The oscillation of the main paddle and the side paddle urges the carcasses upwardly and laterally, which contributes to the cooling of the carcasses as a result of their thorough contact in the chilled water. The movement of the paddles also gently massages the carcasses by gently bumping them against the paddle blades and the wall of the tank. The repeated compression of the carcasses tends to tenderize the meat. The side paddles ensure more predictable and consistent contact between the paddles and all of the carcasses, which causes more agitation of the carcasses and more effective washing of the carcasses.

Abstract: A method for cleaning surfaces of a finned heat exchanger, wherein compressed air and water are used for cleaning and the compressed air is supplied to a jet nozzle (1), which has a section (7) converging to a constriction (6) and a subsequent diverging section (8), and the water or another liquid substance is fed into the flow of compressed air preferably upstream of the jet nozzle (1), or in a different embodiment upstream of, in or downstream of the constriction (6) in the jet nozzle. The jet nozzle (1) is directed at the cavity in a finned heat exchanger formed by the fins. The jet penetrates the cavity between adjacent fins for the purpose of cleaning the fin surfaces.

Abstract: A heat transfer apparatus and related methods are provided. The heat transfer apparatus and related methods more precisely distribute fluid flow to meet heat removal needs in single-phase and/or a two-phase heat exchange systems by restricting fluid flow through one or more heat exchanger channels.