Abstract: A device for controlling the environmental area external to post-surgical and non-surgical wounds is disclosed. The device introduces air under pressure to dry and cool the area around the exterior of bandages that are overlaid with skin or are in areas between skin surfaces and that become moist from sweat and accumulate heat. The device can be used with wound coverings ranging from gauze to specialty coverings, and uses available medical air.

Abstract: An IV pole mountable, therapeutic infusate processing device is incorporated into a hypothermia system to receive therapeutic fluid(s), such as normal saline, peritioneal dialysis solution, or other crystalloid solution, to heat such therapeutic fluid(s) a few degrees centigrade above normal body temperature and to direct the resulting heated infusate to and through a selected anatomical portion of a patients body to raise the temperature of that body portion so as to affect any cancerous or other tumors that may be located therein. The processing device is provided with touch screen controls and visual indicators to facilitate its proper use; while the system further includes temperature and pressure sensors to monitor the hyperthermia processing to insure patient safety.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes a base station having a light source generating light pulses, and an application head mountable on an eye having a light projector for focussed projection of the light pulses for punctiform breakdown of eye tissue. The application head has movement drivers moving the light projector in a feed direction and a first scanning direction. A scanner in the base station deflects the light pulses in a second scanning direction. The ophthalmological apparatus includes an optical transmission system transmitting deflected light pulses from the base station to the application head, and superimposing the light pulses deflected in the second scanning direction onto the movement of the light projector in the first scanning direction. Light sources with high light pulse rates, for example femtosecond lasers may be used, without impractical enlargement of the size of the application head.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ophthalmic treatment apparatus and to a beam control method therefor. The ophthalmic treatment apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a beam generating unit for generating beams having different pulse energies; a bubble sensing unit for sensing whether or not bubbles have been generated, as well as the amount of generated bubbles, on the basis of the pulse energy of the beam generated by the beam generating unit and radiated onto the treatment region of an eyeball; and a control unit for controlling the operation of the beam generating unit such that the pulse energy of the beam generated by the beam generating unit can be adjusted in accordance with the signal from the bubble sensing unit.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to a patient interface system for ophthalmic intervention on an eye of a patient, comprising: a housing; an optical lens coupled to the housing and having a focal axis; a eye surface engagement assembly coupled to the housing and comprising an inner seal having an inner seal diameter and being configured to circumferentially engage the eye, an outer seal having an outer seal diameter and being configured to circumferentially engage the eye, and a tissue migration bolster structure configured to be positioned circumferentially between the inner and outer circumferential seals and to prevent migration of tissue of the eye toward the eye surface engagement assembly when a vacuum load is applied within the assembly to cause vacuum engagement of the inner and outer seals against the eye.

Abstract: Apparatus to treat an eye with an ophthalmic laser system comprises a patient interface having an annular retention structure to couple to an anterior surface of the eye. The retention structure is coupled to a suction line to couple the retention structure to the eye with suction. Liquid is added above the eye to act as a transmissive medium. A coupling sensor is coupled to the suction line to determine coupling of the retention structure to the eye. A separate pressure monitoring circuit having a much smaller volume than the suction line is connected to the annular retention structure to measure suction pressure therein. A system processor coupled to the monitoring pressure sensor includes instructions to interrupt firing of a laser when the pressure measured with a monitoring pressure sensor rises above a threshold amount.

Abstract: A therapeutics delivery system, and methods of making and using same, are disclosed for environments that rapidly clear any injected therapeutics, such as a patient's eye. The therapeutics delivery system releases the drug in a therapeutically effective concentration for a desired duration of time with a predefined drug kinetics. In one embodiment, the embodiments of the present disclosure release a therapeutically effective concentration for a longer time period than other delivery systems, for instance from a day to a week. Certain embodiments comprise a therapeutics dispensing device comprising a biodissolvable hydrogel matrix for long term drug release that allows the device to be placed directly at the injured site, e.g., onto the surface at or near the injury, and retained there rather than through injection, whether locally or systematically.

Abstract: An apparatus for irradiating a specimen: that includes an optical transmitter for transmitting light from a laser source; an optical probe configured to receive the light from the optical transmitter and to apply the light upon emission from an optical exit to the specimen; a position detector adapted to detect a position of the optical probe in a longitudinal direction and to output a signal indicative of the position or of a change in the position relative to a surface forward of the optical probe; a drive coupled to the optical probe and adapted to controllably adjust a position of the optical probe in the longitudinal direction; and a feedback controller adapted to receive the signal from the position detector and to control the drive to control the position to keep the optical probe at substantially a constant position relative to the surface forward of the optical probe.

Abstract: Devices to perform femtolaser ablation and phacoemulsification are physically and/or operationally combined. In some embodiments the femtolaser ablation and phacoemulsification are housed together, and in other embodiments they are housed separately, but operated through a common display screen. At least some software can be shared by the femtolaser ablation and phacoemulsification functionalities. A non-transitory computer-readable memory can provide data that can be used to operate each of at least one femtolaser ablation functionality and at least one phacoemulsification functionality.

Abstract: Methods of photoaltering a region of a material using a pulsed laser beam. The method includes scanning the pulsed laser beam in a first portion of the region with a first pattern, scanning the pulsed laser beam in a second portion of the region with a second pattern, and separating a flap of the material at the region. The system includes a laser, a controller selecting at least first and second patterns, and a scanner operable in response to the controller. The first pattern has a first maximum acceleration associated with the second portion, and the second pattern has a second maximum acceleration associated with the second portion. The second maximum acceleration is less than the first maximum acceleration. The scanner scans the pulsed laser beam from the laser in the first portion with the first pattern and in the second portion with the second pattern.

Abstract: Systems and methods of photoaltering a region of a material using a pulsed laser beam. The method includes scanning the pulsed laser beam in a first portion of the region with a first pattern, scanning the pulsed laser beam in a second portion of the region with a second pattern, and separating a flap of the material at the region. The system includes a laser, a controller selecting at least first and second patterns, and a scanner operable in response to the controller. The first pattern has a first maximum acceleration associated with the second portion, and the second pattern has a second maximum acceleration associated with the second portion. The second maximum acceleration is less than the first maximum acceleration. The scanner scans the pulsed laser beam from the laser in the first portion with the first pattern and in the second portion with the second pattern.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention sets forth an earplug for selectively providing sound to a user. The earplug includes a microphone, a processing unit, and a speaker. The microphone is configured to acquire ambient sound. The processing unit is configured to determine that a first sound included in the ambient sound is associated with a first set of sound parameters and, in response, generate a first cancellation signal associated with the first sound. The processing unit is further configured to determine that a second sound included in the ambient sound is associated with a second set of sound parameters and, in response, generate a second signal to cause the second sound to be produced. The speaker is configured to produce one or more sound waves based on the first cancellation signal to cancel the first sound from the ambient sound and produce the second sound based on the second signal.

Abstract: A system and methods for producing a structure including a plurality of fibers is provided. The system includes a polymer collector having a predefined pattern, wherein the collector is charged at a first polarity, and a spinneret configured to dispense a polymer, wherein the spinneret is charged at a second polarity substantially opposite the first polarity such that polymer dispensed from the spinneret forms a plurality of fibers on the predefined pattern of the fiber collector.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to negative pressure treatment systems and wound dressing systems, apparatuses, and methods that may be used for the treatment of wounds. In particular, some embodiments are directed to improved wound dressings comprising an obscuring layer that may hide fluid contained therein. Some embodiments may further comprise one or more viewing windows disposed therethrough so as to enable monitoring or examination of fluids contained therein.

Abstract: Thus, systems and methods for a debriding wound vacuum may include a sponge for application to a wound, a flexible sheet for covering and sealing the wound, and a bladder. The bladder may be in fluid communication with at least a portion of the sponge. The bladder preferably contains a debridement substance. A negative pressure device may form part of the system and may be used to apply negative pressure via a hollow tube to the sponge. The negative pressure device may be adapted to apply negative pressure to the sponge via the hollow tube in order form a seal between the flexible sheet and the wound. The systems may also include microelectronic mechanical valves for releasing the debridement substance from the bladder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative pressure wound closure system and methods for using such a system. Preferred embodiments of the invention facilitate closure of the wound by preferentially contracting to provide for movement of the tissue. Preferred embodiments can utilize tissue grasping elements to apply a wound closing force to the tissue.

Abstract: An absorbent article includes: a sheet-type leakage-preventing body; absorbent body, at least one layer arranged on the leakage-preventing body top, which absorb fluids; pair of left and right floating leg gathers on the absorbent body top, extending in longitudinal direction from the main body front end of the absorbent article to the rear end, traversing a front body section, crotch part, and rear body section. Each floating leg gathers have a top and trailing parts adjoining the top part. Front and rear ends of the floating leg gathers are joined respectively to the vicinity of the front and rear end of the absorbent article main body. Trailing parts trail downwards from top parts towards the absorbent body. At least one part of the trailing parts of the left and right floating leg gathers is mutually connected in the lower end area forming a channel for bodily fluids inside trailing parts.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pad coated with coffee which includes: an outer cover which comes into direct contact with the vagina of a woman; a coating layer which is formed below the outer cover and smells of coffee; an absorber which is laid below the coating layer to absorb secretions; and a waterproof outer cover which is laid below the absorber to prevent the secretions absorbed into the absorber from leaking out, wherein coffee powder is coated on the coating layer.

Abstract: A wheelchair grip ring, its components, and a corresponding method for making a wheelchair grip ring are described herein. The grip ring can be mounted to, and removed from, one or more of the wheels of a wheelchair. The grip ring has a substantially rigid central ring, a polymer cover which is integral with the central ring and which covers some, or all, of the central ring. The grip ring can also have one or more mounting devices which connect either the polymer cover or the central ring to the wheel of the wheelchair. The method involves placing the central ring into a mold, and adding a polymer material into the mold. The mold can thus produce a central ring having a polymer cover which is integral with the central ring, and which covers some, or all, of the central ring.

Abstract: A conveyance to carry humans, such as a wheelchair, is described having levers on each side of the wheelchair that are manually moved forward and backward to propel the conveyance. The user is able to shift into forward, reverse or neutral, brake, and change mechanical advantage (gear ratio), all this without removing the user's hands from the drive levers.

Abstract: Mobility device for physically disabled people 1, comprising a chassis 10 with at least one motor for maneuvering the entire mobility device 1; a pivot arm 20, which at its lower end 22 is pivotably connected to the chassis 10; and a pelvis support 40, which is connected to an upper end 23 of the pivot arm 20; wherein a physically disabled person 2 can sit with the pelvis support 40 attached to its body, can move around with the mobility device 1 in a standing position on the chassis 10, and can change on its own from sitting to standing position, wherein all elements of the mobility device 1 except the elements directly contacting the body of the person 2 extending above pelvis height h of the sitting person 2 can be lowered or moved to or below this height h. The present invention further comprises a method for erecting of a sitting physically disabled person 2 and for fixing of the person 2 in standing position onto a motor-driven mobility device 1.

Abstract: A body positioning mattress and a method of positioning a patient or person 0 to 90 degrees or greater in an upright supine or prone position while maintaining neutral skeletal alignment (non-flexed position) wherein a vacuum process can be applied to the body positioning mattress to remove air thereby molding the mattress around the body of the patient or person to maintain position. Further, the mattress may he placed onto a manual or motorized bed frame to position and maintain a patient or person 0 to 90 degrees or greater in the supine or prone position.

Abstract: A bed with overturn function includes a pulley set, a driving lever and a four-bar linkage structure. The pulley set has a first pulley and a second pulley. The first pulley is connected to the second pulley through a belt, and the second pulley rotates according to the first pulley. The driving lever passes through the first pulley. when the driving lever rotates in a first direction, the first pulley rotates in the first direction. The four-bar linkage structure has an input link connected to the driving lever through the pulley set, and rotates according to the driving lever. When the input link rotates to a first angle, the four-bar linkage structure rises from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: A system and method for tilting an infant-supporting device is operable by two actuators that are disposed outside of a thermo-regulated and/or sterile area of the infant-supporting device.

Abstract: Novel devices and apparatus are provided to support the arms of a person when lying in the prone position. In preferred embodiments, an arm supporting apparatus comprises an elongate center panel with a generally planar top surface, a first arm board connected to the center panel at one end, and a second arm board connected to the center panel at a second end. In some further embodiments, the first and second arm boards are adapted to swing or pivot from an extended position whereby the arm boards are generally level with the center panel to a lowered depressed position. In yet further embodiments, the arm boards may curve or slope upwards at their distal ends helping to secure a person's arms and prevent them from falling off of the boards.

Abstract: The invention relates to a separable device for the application of compression and thermal therapy to a patient. A first section includes a reservoir, liquid pump and a thermal exchange system for the application of thermal therapy as well as a dock. The second section of the device includes an air compressor and at least one controller for the application of compression therapy and can be operated independently from the first section. Additionally, the second section may be engaged with a dock of the first section.

Abstract: A skin treatment apparatus (1) for treating a skin surface, comprising: a hand held base body (10); a rotor head (20), movably connected to the base body (10), and including at least one skin contacting element (22); a motor (30), operably connected to both the base body (10) and the rotor head (20), and configured to rotatably drive the rotor head (20) relative to the base body (10) around a rotation axis (L); at least one motion sensor (40), configured to generate a movement signal reflecting a path of relative movement between the motion sensor and the skin surface; and a control unit (50), operably connected to the at least one motion sensor (40) and the motor (30), and configured to control the motor (30) to rotatably drive the rotor head (20) in dependence of the movement signal of the at least one motion sensor (40).

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for applying reduced pressure to a tissue site on a foot are provided. An apparatus may include an insole and a tissue contacting surface covering at least a portion of the insole. At least one portion of the tissue contacting surface is removable to form a void. The apparatus may also include a reduced-pressure interface for receiving reduced pressure from a reduced-pressure source, and at least one flow channel fluidly coupled to the reduced-pressure interface and the void.

Abstract: Single- or dual-bladder devices for automated delivery of remote ischemic conditioning treatment via partial limb occlusion involve various methods of operating the cuff in which partial or full limb occlusion is achieved during the periods of cuff inflation. Achieving clinical benefits of remote ischemic conditioning without extended cessation of limb blood flow are advantageous due to lower required cuff pressure and reduced risk of clot formation in the limb vasculature.

Abstract: The invention includes devices and methods for reducing the appearance of cellulite in human skin. The device includes a belt having a tactile gripping portion for removably adhering to skin. When the belt is connected to a reciprocating vibratory massage device, the tactile belt grips the skin preventing substantial relative movement between the belt and the skin. On continued reciprocal movement of the belt through a stroke length and at a frequency, the outer layers of the skin are forcibly moved relative to the subcutaneous tissue layers thereby disrupting, stretching and/or tearing fat/collagen projections extending from the subcutaneous tissue into the outer skin layers thereby reducing the appearance of cellulite in the skin.

Abstract: The invention includes devices and methods for reducing the appearance of cellulite in human skin. The device includes a belt having a tactile gripping portion for removably adhering to skin. When the belt is connected to a reciprocating vibratory massage device, the tactile belt grips the skin preventing substantial relative movement between the belt and the skin. On continued reciprocal movement of the belt through a stroke length and at a frequency, the outer layers of the skin are forcibly moved relative to the subcutaneous tissue layers thereby disrupting, stretching and/or tearing fat/collagen projections extending from the subcutaneous tissue into the outer skin layers thereby reducing the appearance of cellulite in the skin.

Abstract: A sturdy portable massage roller that collapses flat. The roller includes an outer contact skin formed of a plurality of longitudinal stiffeners connected by longitudinally-extending hinge points, the contact skin defining an inner cavity. A collapsible support structure within the contact skin inner cavity is sized to contact and radially support the longitudinal stiffeners in the expanded shape of the contact skin, and is adapted to collapse so that the massage roller converts between a generally cylindrical expanded shape and a collapsed, flattened shape. The support structure may include a series of rigid discs that either pivot or are folded in half to convert the massage roller between its expanded and flat configurations.

Abstract: A sexual aid device comprising a main body (100) and a cervical void (110), sized and shaped to shield a cervix (350) during intercourse. This self-retaining device comprises a means to prevent a penis from colliding with the cervix (350), a means to shield the anterior vagina wall from frictional contact during sexual intercourse and at least one means to retain the sexual aid device within the vagina. This device provides a non-surgical, cost-effective solution to allow for more comfortable deeper penetration by guiding the penis away from the cervix.

Abstract: An articulating bed incorporating a frame employs a support member for a mattress secured to a frame for articulating motion. An upper body portion of the support member is rotatable through a range of motion from an aligned position with the frame to a fully elevated position angularly supporting the upper body portion in a raised position. A massage exciter is affixed to a bottom surface of the support member and is operative to sonically engage the flexible support.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are described which control blood pressure and nervous system activity by stimulating baroreceptors. By selectively and controllably activating baroreceptors and/or nerves, the present invention reduces blood pressure and alters the sympathetic nervous system; thereby minimizing deleterious effects on the heart, vasculature and other organs and tissues. A baroreceptor activation device or other sensory activation device is positioned near a dermal bone to provide the treatment.

Abstract: An apparatus including a motor assembly having a motor. A jet assembly coupled to the motor assembly having an inlet and outlet aperture. An impeller configured to rotate causing a first fluid to flow into the inlet aperture and out the outlet aperture. A fluid guider that includes at least one wall member defining a first channel configured to guide the first fluid from the inlet aperture into the cavity. Additionally, the fluid guider includes at least one post defining a second channel extending through the post. The second channel configured to guide the first fluid from the cavity towards the outlet aperture and output the first fluid at an oblique angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the post. A second fluid channel member configured to provide a second fluid out the outlet aperture. A light source configured to illuminate the first fluid.

Abstract: A blood storage container along with an aqueous composition for the storage of packed red blood cells is described. In a preferred embodiment, the container is not made of DEHP plasticizer. In some embodiments, the container is made from a polymeric material and a non-DEHP plasticizer. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition is made of about 1 to about 3 mM adenine, about 20 to about 15 mM dextrose, about 15 to about 60 unmetabolizable membrane-protectant sugar, about 20 to about 30 mM sodium bicarbonate, and about 4 to about 20 mM disodium phosphate.

Abstract: A medical device for collecting bodily samples, such as urine specimens from a human or animal, comprising a collection cup, and a detachable or separate handle. The handle proximal member may be telescopic with multiple sections for its extension, or one section. The handle distal member may comprise one prong that is detachable from the cup after its use; or, it may comprise a two prong fork that lies underneath a cup's ledge, and expandable to support different diameter cups. The distal member may also comprise a pivoting means to enable the handle to bend to maintain the cup horizontally. The collection cup may comprise various shapes and sizes, and the lid able to be fixed to the handle's distal member when the cup is in use. The cup may also inherently emit light, or a light source may be mounted on the handle to illuminate the cup.

Abstract: A liquid-transfer adapter operatively interposable between an injector and a vial is provided. The liquid-transfer has an injector engaging portion configured for fluidly coupling to an injector and a vial coupling. The vial coupling includes a spike that has a spike axis and a tip portion configured for piercing a septum of a vial. The tip portion includes a plurality of facets that meet each other at one or more edges and at least one of the one or more edges is sloped with respect to the spike axis. The spike defines a channel extending therethrough in fluid communication with the injector engaging portion. A channel opening is defined in at least one of the facets and disposed without interrupting the edges.

Abstract: Provided is a medicine dispensing apparatus including a plurality of medicine cassettes for respectively dispensing desired types of medicines. The medicine dispensing apparatus allocates medicine information on a medicine to be dispensed to one of the medicine cassettes when the medicine information is given. Then, the medicine dispensing apparatus drives the medicine cassette according to a predetermined driving condition corresponding to the medicine information allocated to the medicine cassette to dispense the medicine from the medicine cassette. By using the medicine dispensing apparatus, it is possible to reduce a user work for dispensing the desired types of medicines.

Abstract: Provided are a dental adhesive composition, a dental adhesive primer, a dental adhesive bonding material, a dental adhesive composite resin, and a dental adhesive resin cement each having an excellent adhesive force and excellent adhesion durability. Specifically, provided are a dental adhesive composition, including (A) a polymerizable monomer containing an acidic group-containing polymerizable monomer, and (B) a dendritic polymer, and a dental adhesive primer, a dental adhesive bonding material, a dental adhesive composite resin, and a dental adhesive resin cement each using the dental adhesive composition.

Abstract: A mascara system comprising, in combination: (a) a mascara applicator comprising a substantially longitudinal stem having a major axis A and a plurality of protrusions extending therefrom, wherein at least two adjacent protrusions are spaced from one another at a distance R at the base of the stem; (b) a mascara composition comprising primary particles that are at least about 5 microns in equivalent diameter; and (c) a dermatologically acceptable carrier. The mascara applicator is a molded applicator, the distance R is from about 0.75 mm to about 3.0 mm, and at least one of the primary particles is a wax primary particle composed primarily of one or more waxes.

Abstract: A piece of cloth or clothing treated with a chemical application or combination of chemicals or ingredients which help in cleaning the skin and reducing acne. Other benefits may also be provided by the chemical application. One embodiment features a disposable hat insert which is treated to prevent breakouts along the forehead of the wearer of the hat. Chemicals or ingredients which would be appropriate for this application include, but are not limited to: Sodium Benzotriazolyl Butylphenol Sulfonate; Cocamidopropyl Betaine; C12-15 Alkyl Lactate; Witch Hazel (“Hammelis Virginiana”); Matricaria; Benzophenone; Aluminum Chloride; Salicylic Acid; Super Absorbent Polymers (e.g., Sodium Acrylate); Triclosan; Glycolic Acid; and Alpha Hydroxy Acid.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition preferably in powder form comprising pigments having color travel effect, wherein said composition contains a sufficient amount of large particle size color travel pigments having a D50 particle size of at least 40 ?m up to about 150 ?m to retain the color travel effect upon application to skin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for topical application, consisting of a hydrophilic phase and of a separate oily phase, —the hydrophilic phase comprising from 0.05% to 1.5% by weight of at least one non-ethoxylated alkylpolyglucoside relative to the total weight of the hydrophilic phase, and—the oily phase comprising at least 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the oily phase, of at least one ester with a melting point of less than 0° C. chosen from fatty acid esters with a chain length ranging from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and fatty alcohol esters with a chain length ranging from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and less than 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the oily phase, of volatile silicone oil(s).

Abstract: An emulsifying agent comprising an amount of soy whey protein is disclosed herein, the soy whey protein having been isolated from processing streams. The emulsifying agent is especially suitable for producing a personal care product or industrial product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising hydrophobic silica aerogel particles and at least one polymer bearing a sugar unit. The invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment method using said composition, especially a hair treatment method that makes it possible in particular to delay or even prevent regreasing of the hair and/or of the scalp.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising, at least: (i) at least one composite pigment comprising at least one small particle with a mean particle size of more than 100 nm and less than 1 ?m, preferably less than 600 nm, and more preferably less than 400 nm, wherein the surface of the small particle is at least in part covered with at least one coating layer comprising at least one inorganic or organic particulate solid UV filter; (ii) at least one organopolysiloxane elastomer; and (iii) at least one oil absorbing agent with oil absorption capability of 1 ml/1 g or more in an amount of more than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of composition.

Abstract: A cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition is provided. The composition contains a mixture of oils prepared by Kolbe electrolysis of branched chain fatty acids and mixtures of branched chain fatty acids with straight chain fatty acids. The fatty acids containing from 3 to 26 carbon atoms. The oils are a mixture of oils with different spreading rates (spreading cascade).

Abstract: Compositions for application and methods of application of a composition to modify hair. In one embodiment, a composition includes a compound (molecule) represented by: wherein A and B are individually selected from a hydrogen, a hydroxyl group and a halogen, with the proviso that when one of A and B is a hydroxyl group, the other of A and B is a hydrogen and when one of A and B is a halogen, the other of A and B is a halogen or a hydrogen; wherein Z is, for example, an aryl moiety; and wherein X1 and X2 are, for example, individually selected from a hydrogen and an alkyl moiety, wherein R1 and R2 are individually selected from an oxo, a hydroxyl or an ester group; wherein y is 0 or 1, x is 0 or 1 and x and y are not both 1, or a salt.