Abstract: The methods and systems of the present invention provide for an expression vector containing a disease-specific promoter linked to a gene encoding a therapeutic agent, such as a protein, microRNA, siRNA or other therapeutical molecule, e.g., other oligonucletide. A variety of different promoters may be used with the present invention, provided that any disease specific promoter preferentially expresses the gene linked to it at the site of the disease and not more globally within the body. The disease-specific promoter may be the promoter of the LOX1 gene. The invention also provides for constitutive promoters. The therapeutic agent may be, for example, Interleukin 10 (IL10) or a member of a transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF?1) signaling pathway, such as mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3).

Abstract: The present invention provides minicircle nucleic acid vector formulations for use in administering to a subject, wherein the minicircle nucleic acid vectors include a polynucleotide of interest, a product hybrid sequence of a unidirectional site-specific recombinase, and are devoid of plasmid backbone bacterial DNA sequences. Also provided are methods of producing the subject formulations as well as methods for administering the minicircle nucleic acid vector formulations to a subject. The subject methods and compositions find use in a variety of different applications, including both research and therapeutic applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oral compositions for identifying plaque comprising a dental disclosing agent composition for revealing the presence of dental plaque in a person's mouth. The composition comprises a natural colorant derived from annatto seed and a colorant that stains plaque and when added to annatto seed extract results in a color having a wave length of 500 nm to 580 nm and.

Abstract: The method of the present disclosure is directed towards a method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a mammal's bloodstream. This method includes the following steps; applying a patch to the mammal's skin, the patch configured to transmit a reporter through the mammal's skin, wherein the reporter is configured to have an affinity for the analyte and is capable of exhibiting a detectable change in fluorescence upon binding to the analyte, subjecting a portion of the mammal's skin to Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), detecting fluorescence emission intensity and calculating the concentration of the analyte based on the detected fluorescence emission. The system of the present disclosure is directed towards an analyte monitoring system.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of biocompatible superparamagnetic nanoparticles comprising an inorganic core and a coating including an electrically charged polymer, and having low tissue and vascular adhesion, for use as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aforementioned nanoparticles have novel pharmacokinetic and relaxability T2* properties, with high potential for use in in vivo tissue imaging and tumour perfusion strategies based on parameter T2*.

Abstract: In general, among other things, compounds of Formula I are provided: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which R1-7, 9-10 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, and alkyl; and R8 is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, iodo, and tributyltin. Other compounds are also provided. Methods of treatment and diagnosis are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chemistry branch, particularly to the field of compounds' organic synthesis that belong to the aromatic bicyclic or naphthalene category, used in the detection of amyloid sheets. These new naphthalene derivatives have a general formula: Wherein R represents mutually independent groups. In I: R1: -alkylenyl-C(O)NH-alkylenyl-R3, -alkylenyl-C(O)O—R4, R3: —COOH, —OH, —SH, —NH2, -alkyl-NH-alkyl-N-dithiocarbamate alkaline earth metal salts, R4: H, succinimidyl group, R2: —H, -alkyl. In II: R1: -alkyl, -alkylenyl-halide-alkylenyl-hydroxyl-alkylenyl-O-aryl, —O-alkylsulfonate alkylenyl, R2: -halide-alkylenyl-O-aryl, -alkylenyl-O-alkylsulfonate, -alkylenyl-halide-, —CH(O), —HC?C(CN)2, —HC?CHNO2, -alkylenyl-NH2, -alkylenyl-NH-alkyl, -alkylenyl-alkyl-N-dithiocarbamate alkaline salts. The terms “alkyl” and “alkylenyl” refer to linear or branched aliphatic chains, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the term halide to fluorine, bromine or iodine.

Abstract: The present application discloses compositions and methods of synthesis and use of 18F-, 19F- or 68Ga-labeled molecules of use in PET, SPECT and/or MRI imaging of prostate cancer. Preferably, the 18F, 19F or 68Ga is attached to a chelator moiety on a prostate cancer targeting molecule, more preferably a bombesin analog, more preferably a GRPR antagonist, most preferably JMV5132 or JMV4168. The 18F or 19F may form a complex with a group IIIA metal to promote binding to the chelators. The labeled molecules may be used to detect, diagnose and/or image prostate cancer, including metastatic prostate cancer, in vivo.

Abstract: A device and system is disclosed for sterilizing objects, commonly dental, medical, or veterinary instruments, by directing high velocity hot air into a container having pre-constructed plenums to direct, diffuse, and re-circulate the sterilizing agent uniformly throughout the chamber to effect sterilization of contained medical objects. More specifically, the invention employs high velocity hot dry air as the sterilizing agent, generating the heat and rapid airflow by means of a base unit. The high velocity heated air is forced into the medical instrument container where a removable air supply/return plenum directs the heated, rapidly flowing air uniformly throughout the container. During the sterilization process heated air temperature is maintained in the container by a continual re-circulating of exhaust air back to the base unit for re-heating and return to the container.

Abstract: A container for washing, sterilization, transportation and sterile storage of articles for sterilization is provided. The container includes a sleeve and a frame adapted to receive articles for sterilization. The container includes at least one filtered opening to permit communication between the sterilization apparatus and the sterilization chamber for the communication of steam and air. In a first configuration, a front and rear wall of the frame engage the sleeve to create a sterilization chamber. The container may be stacked and stored in any orientation. In a second configuration, the frame rests or nests on top of the sleeve to permit access to and use of the sterilized articles. The container, may include one or a plurality of openings for communication between a sterilization apparatus and the sterilization chamber and one or more filters adjacent to the pluralities of openings.

Abstract: A system and method for sterilization of medical devices includes methods for reducing the variance in dose levels over the medical device by either varying the dose levels for each pass before a radiation source, such as an electron beam, or by increasing the number of passes before a radiation source.

Abstract: A sanitization cabinet for sanitizing items such as kitchen utensils using ultraviolet light type C (UVL-C). In some embodiments, the sanitization cabinet includes an enclosure having interior surfaces having mirror-type surfaces to increase the sanitizing efficiency relative to conventional UVL-C cabinets having like-power UVL-C light sources. Some embodiments include an article support having an article support region that contacts an article to be sanitized and is made of a material transparent to UVL-C. Transparent portions of an article support of the present disclosure may be additionally configured to direct UVL-C to contact regions and/or shadowed regions of the article. Other features, such as article stabilizing features, are provided to article supports of some embodiments. Methods of making an article support for a UVL-C based sanitization cabinet are also disclosed.

Abstract: A solution for disinfecting flowable products, such as liquids, suspensions, creams, colloids, emulsions, powders, and/or the like, as well as accessories and products relating thereto, such as containers, caps, brushes, applicators, and/or the like, using ultraviolet radiation is provided. In an embodiment, an ultraviolet impermeable cap is configured to enclose a volume corresponding to a flowable product. At least one ultraviolet radiation source can be mounted on the cap and be configured to generate ultraviolet radiation for disinfecting the enclosed area. The ultraviolet radiation source can be configured to only generate ultraviolet radiation when the volume is enclosed by the ultraviolet impermeable cap.

Abstract: A system and method for disinfecting hard surfaces in an area such as a hospital room including a light source emitting UV light and a reflector mounted behind the light source for concentrating and directing the light toward a target. The light source and reflector rotate to direct the concentrated beam around a room, thereby making more efficient use of the energy being emitted.

Abstract: In a plasma treatment method, at least a surface of a target object is treated using a plasma treatment apparatus at least including a discharge electrode section configured to cause electric discharge based on supply of a high voltage pulse from a pulse power supply, by supplying fluid including nitrogen into the discharge electrode section to generate plasma by electric discharge in the discharge electrode section and applying resultant active species and the fluid to the target object. The flow rate of the fluid is in a range of 20 mm/s to 500 mm/s. Electrical energy per area of the discharge electrode section in the pulse power supply is 1.4×104 (J/cm2) or more. The separation distance from the center of the discharge electrode section to the target object is in a range of 3 mm to 1700 mm.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for disinfection of a temperature control device for human body temperature control during extracorporeal circulation which temperature control is conducted by use of a heat exchanger and a temperature control liquid circulating through the heat exchanger and the temperature control device. According to the present application, the temperature control device is connected to a temperature control liquid supply and, during operation of the temperature control device for human body temperature control, a disinfectant is selectively added to the temperature control liquid supply upstream of the temperature control device.

Abstract: Freshening compositions comprising a perfume material and a sulfur-containing pro-perfume; and methods thereof are provided. In some embodiments, the composition comprises dodecyl thio-damascone. Such freshening compositions may be used to prolong perfume release, while reducing malodors on inanimate surfaces or in the air.

Abstract: In an aspect, an artificial tree comprising a trunk and a series of branches extending outwardly from the trunk further comprises an olfactory-active substance. In embodiments, the olfactory-active substance is provided by use of a reservoir containing the olfactory-active substance which can be provided to at least a portion of the tree by capillary action, gravitational force, or by an electric pump. In embodiments, an olfactory-active substance is integral to the material components of the tree which have been suitably treated, coated or amalgamated with one or more olfactory-active substances.

Abstract: A perfume dispenser for motor vehicles includes a support bearing a perfume-dispensing body, wherein the support has a generally circular base provided with slits and an articulated dorsal attachment coupled to a supporting structure of a motor vehicle, and a front arm connected to the base and bent in front of this to form an open receptacle. The perfume-dispensing body consists of a flattened cylindrical casing set in a projecting way within the receptacle and connected in a coaxially rotatable way to the base. The casing contains a hydrophilic material soaked with a perfumed fluid and has dorsal slits facing the slits of the base of the support.

Abstract: It permits, without energy consumption, the emission of negative ions to purify the environment. In addition, it has biocidal action to eliminate microbes and bacteria. Furthermore, it emits infrared radiation to dry out walls, ceilings and objects in the room, thereby removing moisture. Therefore, it comprises a framework (1, 2), and a first body (3) that emits negative ions, which comprises a first anodized aluminium plate (7) and a second anodized aluminium plate (8), coated with a ceramic paint with silver-doped zeolites, which, in addition to emitting negative ions, constitutes a nanosilver-based biocidal compound. Said aluminium plates (7, 8) are heated uniformly by a conductor wire (6) in order to emit infrared radiation.

Abstract: A tampon comprising an absorbent pledget and a time-lapse indicator associated therewith is provided. The time-lapse indicator includes a sensory material surrounded by, embedded in, covered by, or coated with a release-retarding material that protects the sensory material and prevents its release, until after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. The time-lapse indicator is located on or in the tampon or tampon removal string, or, optionally, the tampon packaging. After the time-lapse indicator is activated and a predetermined period of time has elapsed, the sensory material is released and alerts the user that it is time to change the tampon.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a hydrogel comprising a non-natural polymer comprising a plurality of pendant nucleophilic groups and a crosslinker comprising at least two pendant electrophilic groups. Another aspect of the invention relates to a hydrogel comprising a non-natural polymer comprising a plurality of pendant electrophilic groups and a crosslinker comprising at least two pendant nucleophilic groups. Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method for reducing lung volume in a patient comprising the step of administering a hydrogel composition as described herein. Further, hydrogels of the invention may be used to achieve pleurodesis, seal brochopleural fistulas, seal an air leak in a lung, achieve hemostasis, tissue sealing (e.g., blood vessels, internal organs), or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the compositions and methods described herein are intended for use in the treatment of patients with emphysema.

Abstract: A composition kit for bone healing medical treatment, comprising partially deacetylated chitin (PDC) with a degree of deacetylation in the range of 40-75%. The composition is provided as a kit with a solids fraction and a liquid fraction, provided in separate vials and to be mixed just prior to use. The weight:weight ratio of the solids to liquid fraction is in the range from 1:1.2 to 1:6, and preferably from 1:1.5 to 1:4. The solids fraction comprises the PDC material and calcium phosphate and the liquid fraction comprises water and an acid.

Abstract: A keratin hydrogel matrix serves as an effective acellular scaffold for axonal regeneration and facilitates functional nerve recovery.

Abstract: Tissue repair compositions, particularly bone repair compositions, containing demineralized bone fragments and homogenized connective tissues, and methods for making the same. The compositions can be used in the form of an injectable gel, an injectable paste, a paste, a putty, or a rehydratable freeze-dried form.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing hydrogel microparticles comprising one or more species of living cells attached thereon and/or encapsulated therein is provided. The method includes dissolving a hydrogel-forming agent in an aqueous medium to form a solution; suspending one or more species of living cells in the solution to form a cell suspension; dispersing the cell suspension into an organic oil to form a microemulsion; and subjecting the microemulsion to conditions that allow the hydrogel-forming agent to form hydrogel microparticles comprising one or more species of living cells attached thereon and/or encapsulated therein. Composition comprising a mixture of a degradable hydrogel and at least one hydrogel microparticle having one or more species of living cells, and method of manufacturing a scaffold for tissue engineering are also provided.

Abstract: A method of treating a tear in a knee meniscus of a patient. The method includes exposing the torn knee meniscus to a protein crosslinker during surgery to repair the tear. Also provided is a fixation device for the surgical repair of tears of the meniscus of the knee, where the device contains one or more protein crosslinking reagents.

Abstract: An extracellular matrix (ECM) structure for tissue regeneration, the ECM structure having a a sheet member comprising small intestine submucosa (SIS), the SIS sheet member being folded and laminated proximate the sheet member edge, wherein a folded laminated ECM structure having a cavity therein is formed, the ECM structure further including an ECM composition that is disposed in the ECM structure cavity, the ECM composition including liver basement membrane, urinary bladder submucosa, a mesenchymal stem cell and a growth factor.

Abstract: A bioremodelable encasement structure comprising a pouch formed from at least one sheet of bioremodelable material, the pouch including an internal region that is configured to receive a device therein, the bioremodelable material comprising mesothelial tissue.

Abstract: It is provided herein modified polylactide (PLA) polymers comprising biocompatibile functional group(s) on the polymers and methods of making and using the modified PLA polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are drug delivery medical devices. A polymer coating for a medical device is provided which comprises a minimum amount of a drug bonded to the polymer in the coating.

Abstract: Certain embodiments according to the present invention provide a method for forming medical devices conformally coated with a hydrogel having a wide variety of therapeutic uses. In one aspect, certain embodiments of the invention provide a method for forming a hydrogel-coated medical device comprising immersing a medical device in a polymer solution to form an adhesive layer on an outer surface of the medical device and contacting the medical device with a hydrogel precursor solution having a pH of less than 7 to react the adhesive layer with the hydrogel precursor solution and form a conformal hydrogel coating.

Abstract: Medical device are provided for delivering a therapeutic agent to a tissue. The medical device has a layer overlying the exterior surface of the medical device. The layer contains a therapeutic agent and an additive. In certain embodiments, the additive has a hydrophilic part and a drug affinity part, wherein the drug affinity part is at least one of a hydrophobic part, a part that has an affinity to the therapeutic agent by hydrogen bonding, and a part that has an affinity to the therapeutic agent by van der Waals interactions. In embodiments, the additive is water-soluble. In further embodiments, the additive is at least one of a surfactant and a chemical compound, and the chemical compound has a molecular weight of from 80 to 750 or has more than four hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Negative pressure wound therapy apparatuses and dressings, and systems and methods for operating such apparatuses for use with dressings are disclosed. In some embodiments, controlling the delivery of therapy can be based on monitoring and detecting various operating conditions. An apparatus can have a controller configured to monitor the duty cycle of a source of negative pressure and, based on the monitored duty cycle, determine whether a leak is present. The controller can be configured to provide an indication that a leak is present. For example, the controller can be configured to suspend and/or pause the delivery of therapy, and to restart the delivery of therapy due to a timeout, request from a user, etc. In addition, the controller can be configured to pause and/or restart the delivery of therapy upon a request from the user, such as in response to the user operating a switch.

Abstract: A breast pump system includes a duckbill-style check valve that intermittently releases breast milk from a charging chamber to a storage chamber. Various examples of rotational interlocks ensure that the valve is properly installed to avoid interference between the valve's discharge end and the inner surface of an outer shell that contains the valve. In some examples, the outer shell includes a concavity or other feature configured to accommodate multiple rotational positions of the valve.

Abstract: A breast pump system includes a vacuum break backflow preventer for preventing breast milk from accidentally backflowing into a suction tube leading to a vacuum pump. The backflow preventer is a vacuum passageway with two spaced apart suction openings. The two openings convey air to cyclically pressurize and depressurize a small milk charging chamber. If milk accidentally covers one of the openings, air at the other opening minimizes the pressure differential that might otherwise draw the milk deep into the suction tube and toward the vacuum pump. For ease of cleaning and sanitizing, the system avoids or minimizes the use of baffles, permanently enclosed passageways, moving parts, and tight inside corners. Some passageways can be split open for access during cleaning. To make the breast milk collection device less protruding under a brassier, the vacuum passageway curves around the side of a nipple receptacle rather than in front of it.

Abstract: A breast pump system includes a one-size-fits-all funnel for fittingly receiving the breast of a lactating woman. In some examples, the funnel has a superelliptical opening that provides a smooth, naturally occurring vent at the funnel's inlet. The vent places the breast-to-funnel circumferential seal closer to the narrow end of the funnel, rather than at the funnel's wider inlet. The seal being closer to the nipple ensures that the nipple remains centrally aligned within the system's nipple-receiving receptacle, regardless of the size and shape of the breast.

Abstract: A breast pump system includes a flexible vinyl suction tube that connects a milk collection device to a vacuum pump. If a milk droplet accidentally backflows into the suction tube, a supplementary opening injects tiny volumes of air sequentially into the vacuum pump or into the suction tube near the pump. As the vacuum pump operates in a cyclical manner, the injected air returns the droplet in sequential steps back to the milk collection device.

Abstract: A breast pump system includes a fluid isolator that is particularly useful as an aftermarket product that can be readily installed between various vacuum pumps and milk collection devices. The fluid isolator includes a pliable, limp diaphragm that equalizes the pressure between a vacuum pump and a milk collection device while providing a barrier that prevents milk from accidentally backflowing from the milk collection device to the vacuum pump. In some examples, the fluid isolator includes one or more tiny supplementary openings for synchronizing the movement of the diaphragm with the cyclical action of the vacuum pump and/or for returning a misdirected milk droplet in a suction tube back to a charging chamber of the milk collection device.

Abstract: A transseptal cannula having a flexible cannula body, a left atrial anchor coupled to the distal end of the flexible cannula body, and a right atrial anchor operable to be attached to the left atrial anchor in vivo. The left and right atrial anchors are implanted and deployed separately. Delivery of the transseptal cannula to a heart tissue can include a low profile coaxial balloon catheter comprising a tube body including an inner member and an outer member surrounding the inner member and thereby creating an inflation channel between the inner and outer members, a hub coupled to the proximal portion of the tube body and including a fluid space in fluid communication with the inflation channel; and a balloon coupled to the distal portion of the tube body, wherein the balloon is in fluid communication with the inflation channel.

Abstract: A method for treatment of COPD, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronic hypoxia including creation of an artificial arterio-venous fistula and installation of a flow mediating device proximate the fistula. The flow mediating device is operated to limit flow as medically indicated to provide the optimum amount of bypass flow.

Abstract: A peristaltic pump includes a mounting concave section 8a on which a peristaltically-actuated tube connected to an arterial blood circuit is mountable; a roller which compresses the peristaltically-actuated tube mounted on the mounting concave section in a radial direction and causes the peristaltically-actuated tube to be peristaltically actuated in a longitudinal direction such that a liquid therein is flowable in the arterial blood circuit; a load sensor that is able to detect displacement of the peristaltically-actuated tube 1a mounted on the mounting concave section in the radial direction; and blockage detecting means that is able to detect a blockage of the arterial blood circuit based on the displacement detected by the load sensor.

Abstract: An irrigation fluid dispensing tool well suited for use in a combination suction and irrigation tool has a frame carrying a surge flow pump formed of a flow controller of a manipulable handgrip of the tool handle, compressible irrigation fluid reservoir, and frame where the flow controller preferably is formed of a handle lever of the handgrip that is displaceable, preferably pivotable, between one or more of a surge flow actuation position, flow obstructing actuation position, and flow initiating position. The lever actuates a valve, preferably a pinch valve, when displaced toward the flow obstructing actuation position. The lever actuates the surge pump by compressing the reservoir, preferably squeeze bulb, against the frame when the handgrip is squeezed. The lever can be assembled to the frame in a protective shipping and storage position and is movable to a tool operating position providing irrigation fluid flow control during tool operation.

Abstract: The control device is used to control delivery of fluids from a multi-fluid delivery system during a medical injection procedure. The fluid delivery system includes an injector used to deliver injection fluids to a patient. The control device is operatively associated with the injector for controlling discrete flow rates of injection fluids delivered to the patient. The control device includes a housing, first and second actuators associated with the housing, and an electronic substrate disposed within the housing and having a conductive pattern. The first actuator is operatively associated with the conductive pattern. The conductive pattern includes a plurality of predetermined digital values corresponding to discrete flow rates of injection fluids to be delivered by the injector. The second actuator is operatively associated with the electronic substrate and initiates output signals to the injector corresponding to desired mixture ratios of the injection fluids to be delivered by the injector.

Abstract: A fluid container for a medical fluid dispensing device, comprises a rigid body (3) for delimiting with the inside part of its wall a volume of the medical fluid, and a membrane (5) that covers at least an opening of the rigid body thereby creating a fluid tight lid, the opening corresponding to a measurement area, and the membrane further covers a portion of an outside part of the rigid body's wall. The membrane comprises a flexible measurement part (11) corresponding to the opening of the rigid body, an attachment part (13) that is fixed to the rigid body, and a second part (12) that connects the flexible measurement part to the attachment part, and which comprises a rigid part (14), an upper part of which is connected to the flexible measurement part, and the rigid part further comprising a sealing surface (18), and a deformable part (15) which connects the rigid part to the attachment part.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a controller. The controller includes an input/output (I/O) module and a rule module. The I/O module is configured to present a question for a patient when communicatively coupled to a user interface and receive patient information in response to the question via the user interface. The rule module is configured to apply a rule to the patient information and generate a suggested insulin pump setting from application of the rule. Other devices, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A variable rate controlled delivery drive mechanism includes a drive mechanism housing, at least partially within which initially resides a biasing member positioned in an initially energized state within an inner cavity of a piston. The drive mechanism may include a gear drive having one or more screws and one or more corresponding nuts. The piston contacts a plunger seal and is configured to axially translate the plunger seal, by force asserted upon it from the biasing member, from a first position to a second position within a drug container for drug delivery. The biasing member is metered from free expansion from its energized state by the gear drive and a gear assembly mechanism having a motor. A drug delivery pump utilizes such variable rate controlled delivery mechanisms. A status reader configured to recognize one or more corresponding status triggers is utilized to provide feedback to a user.

Abstract: The invention features methods, compositions, dosing regimens, and infusion pumps for subcutaneously infusing acidic solutions of L-DOPA prodrugs, such as esters and amides of L-DOPA, for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The methods and acidic compositions of the invention can reduce the severity and rate of occurrence of transient local swelling, erythema, and persistent subcutaneous granulomas associated with subcutaneous delivery of certain agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid infusion apparatus, including: a finger module provided in a main body such that the finger module can elastically move backward from a liquid delivery tube; a tube clamp, in which two clamp bodies spaced apart from each other approach each other by means of restoring force of an elastic member upon the opening of a door during infusion, so as to compress and block the liquid delivery tube; and a tube blockage detection device which detects whether the liquid delivery tube is blocked by a cause, for example, when the outlet-side portion of the liquid delivery tube, which delivers medicinal liquid pumped by a liquid pump during infusion, is bent.

Abstract: An improved pump, reservoir and reservoir piston are provided for controlled delivery of fluids. A motor is operably coupled to a drive member, such as a drive screw, which is adapted to advance a plunger slide in response to operation of the motor. The plunger slide is removably coupled to the piston. A method, system, and an article of manufacture for automatically detecting an occlusion in a medication infusion pump is provided. The electrical current to an infusion pump is measured. Based on measurements of one or more variables, the infusion pump detects whether there is an occlusion in the system. The methods of detecting occlusions may be dynamic.