Abstract: There is provided an inside observation apparatus of an endoscope and the like which can perform an inside observation for irradiating an illumination light to a minute area of a surface of an object (for example, a living tissue) having a light scattering property and detecting a back-scattered light of the illumination light, can increase a detected light amount by a simply and low cost configuration by making an area of a detection region larger than an illumination region, and can reduce a time necessary to detect an body (for example, a blood vessel) to be observed and detect a region deeper than a conventional region.

Abstract: An object information acquiring apparatus comprises an irradiating unit which irradiates light on an object; a holding member which includes a light-absorbing member whose optical characteristics with respect to irradiated light are known and which holds the object; a detector which detects acoustic waves generated by tissue in the object and the light-absorbing member due to light irradiation; and a computing unit which calculates optical characteristics of the tissue in the object and the light-absorbing member by using the detected acoustic waves and which corrects the optical characteristics of the tissue in the object by using the calculated optical characteristics of the light-absorbing member and the known optical characteristics.

Abstract: Various methods and systems for photoacoustic patient monitoring are provided. A photoacoustic system includes a light emitting component that emits one or more wavelengths of light into an interrogation region of a patient and an acoustic detector that detects acoustic energy generated by the interrogation region of the patient in response to the emitted light. The system also includes techniques to remove noise from the signal generated by the acoustic detector.

Abstract: A method for irradiating a medium includes irradiating the medium with an electromagnetic wave which is scattered in the medium and modulated in frequency at a position in the medium; obtaining information corresponding to an interference pattern generated by interference between the modulated electromagnetic wave and a reference wave; and generating a phase conjugate wave, based on the obtained information, which irradiates the medium.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a non-contact thermometer determines a body core temperature of a subject from electromagnetic energy of a forehead source point of a subject by a microprocessor or printed circuit board, wherein determining the body temperature of the subject includes calculating the body core temperature in reference to a numerical representation of the electromagnetic energy of the forehead source point, a mathematical formula of an ambient temperature reading, an ambient air temperature reading, a representation of a calibration difference and a bias in consideration of the forehead source point.

Abstract: A patient monitoring device includes reusable and disposable portions. The disposable portion includes two or more electrodes for coupling to the skin of the patient, a battery, and a first set of electrical contacts. The reusable portion includes a processor, memory, a second set of electrical contacts, and sensing circuitry coupled to the at least two electrodes, wherein the reusable portion is mechanically coupleable to the disposable portion and wherein the reusable portion is electrically coupleable to the disposable portion through the first and second electrical contacts. The sensing circuitry and the processor are powered from the battery through the coupled first and second electrical contacts, and wherein when the reusable portion and the disposable portion are mechanically uncoupled after having been mechanically coupled, the disposable portion is rendered unusable by the process of mechanically uncoupling the reusable portion and the disposable portion.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for determining an estimated pulse wave velocity of an artery of a subject. Embodiment methods may include applying a series of counter pressures, measuring a first parameter related to pulse wave velocity, estimating a second parameter in a model, and determining the estimated pulse wave velocity. The counter pressures may be applied at a set location on the subject over the artery with a pressure device. Each of the counter pressures may be different from one another, applied at the set location, and between zero and a diastolic pressure of the subject. The first parameter may be measured when each of the series of counter pressures is applied. The model may establish a relationship of the first parameter measured to each of the series of counter pressures. The estimated pulse wave velocity may be determined based on the second parameter estimated in the model.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for visually depicting a vessel and evaluating treatment options are disclosed. The methods can include obtaining pressure measurements from first and second instruments positioned within a vessel of a patient while the second instrument is moved longitudinally through the vessel from a first position to a second position and the first instrument remains stationary within the vessel; and outputting a visual representation of the pressure measurements obtained by the first and second instruments on a display, the output visual representation including a graphical display of a pressure ratio of the obtained pressure measurements and at least a portion of a pressure waveform of the obtained pressure measurements identifying a diagnostic period utilized in calculating the pressure ratio.

Abstract: A detecting, monitoring and reporting apparatus includes at least two sensors for facilitating the generation of data indicative of physiological parameters of the individual and/or data indicative of a contextual parameters of the individual. A processor is coupled to the sensors and is adapted to generate at least one of derived data from at least a portion of the data indicative of physiological parameters and analytical status data from at least a portion of at least one of the data indicative of physiological parameters, the data indicative of contextual parameters, the derived data and the analytical status data. A memory retrievably stores the data and one of various ways of transmitting the data is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensing body information is provided. The apparatus includes: a light-emitting device configured to emit a light signal toward an object that is to be sensed; a light-receiving device configured to detect a reflected light signal reflected from the object; an image sensor configured to detect the reflected light signal reflected from the object; and a controller configured to selectively drive at least one of the light-receiving device and the image sensor according to a distance between the object and the light-emitting device and to sense volume information or blood flow information of the object by using the reflected light signal.

Abstract: A pulse wave sensor includes: a light emitting unit configured to emit light onto a living body; a light receiving unit configured to receive light transmitted through or reflected from the living body based on the light from the light emitting unit; a pulse wave detecting unit configured to detect a pulse wave of the living body based on a result of light reception by the light receiving unit when the light is emitted from the light emitting unit with a normal light emission intensity; and a light emission intensity adjusting unit configured to cause the light emitting unit to emit light with a predetermined test light emission intensity in a test period prior to the detection of the pulse wave, and set the normal light emission intensity using detection light reception intensity in the light receiving unit by the light emission and a predetermined reference light reception intensity.

Abstract: A sensor electrode device comprises a base and a plurality of flexible electrodes. The flexible electrodes protrude from one side of the base, detecting at least one physiological signal and sending out the physiological signal via the base. The flexible electrodes can expel hairs to directly contact the skin, whereby hairs would not hinder the sensor electrode device from detecting physiological signals. Further, the tips of the flexible electrodes bend under pressure to increase the area contacting the skin and improve the ability to detect physiological signals.

Abstract: A system for determining T wave bifurcation that includes three or more ECG leads configured to receive an ECG signal and a first computing device including a processor coupled to a memory, the processor and the memory configured to perform operations including: generating at least two orthogonal ECG vectors based on the ECG signal of a patient, processing the at least two orthogonal ECG vectors to determine a loop trajectory of at least a portion of the ECG signal, identifying a trajectory bifurcation by comparing the loop trajectory to a control loop trajectory for a plurality of cardiac cycles, and determining an indicator of a cardiac event based on the trajectory bifurcation.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a plurality of mapping electro-cardiogram (ECG) signals from respective mapping electrodes coupled to a surface of a heart of a patient. Multiple reference ECG signals are received from respective reference electrodes coupled to the patient. The multiple reference ECG signals are jointly processed, so as to produce a single timing reference indicative of cardiac cycle timing of the heart. The single timing reference is applied to the mapping ECG signals.

Abstract: Method and software are provided to format a probability index that reflects where an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern lies within the spectrum of wakefulness to deep sleep, which employs a computer/microprocessor that performs frequency domain analysis of one or more discrete sections (Bins) of the EEG to determine the EEG power at specified frequencies, optionally calculates the total power over specified frequency ranges, assigns a rank to the power at each frequency, or frequency range, assigns a code to the Bin that reflects the ranking of the different frequencies or frequency ranges, and determines an index that reflects where said EEG pattern within said Bin(s) lies within the spectrum of wakefulness to deep sleep by use of a reference source, such as a look-up table or other suitable decoding instrument.

Abstract: A device for examining a pathological interaction between different brain areas, including a stimulation unit, which administers identical stimuli to a patient in a sequential manner, wherein the stimuli stimulate neurons of the patient in the brain areas to be examined, a measuring unit for recording measurement signals that represent a neural activity of the stimulated neurons, and a control and analysis unit for controlling the stimulation unit and for analyzing the measurement signals. The control and analysis unit transforms the measurement signals into the complex plane, examines the distribution of the phases of stimuli of the measurement signals absorbed by the measuring unit in response to the stimuli delivered to the patient, and determines the probability, with which the phase distribution differs from a uniform distribution, in order to ascertain whether a pathological interaction between the brain areas exists.

Abstract: A method and apparatus using brainwaves to control real objects is provided. The method and apparatus comprise using sensors to detect the brain's electrical signals and transmit at least two brainwaves to an apparatus that converts the brainwaves into a format usable by a signal processor. The signal processor determines a coherence between portions of the brainwaves, typically in the frequency domain, and compares the coherence values, which change rapidly from moment to moment, to thresholds. Based on the comparison of the coherence value to the thresholds, which are adjusted over time based on feedback relating to success, a control signal is developed that can be sent to a real object to control 3 dimensional motion of the control object.

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed for carrying out electrode measurements on the surface of the skin of a patient's head for recording the electrical activity of the brain, the arrangement including a matrix electrode configuration, which includes a body part of non-conductive material conforming to the contours of the surface of the skin. The arrangement includes electrodes for producing the measurement data connected to the body part, means for transmitting the measurement data connected to the body part, and a measurement data unit for receiving the measurement data transmitted by the means for further processing of the measurement data. The body part can include an electrode placement configuration for maintaining the mutual placements of the electrodes with respect to one another and an active attachment surface located between the electrodes and the surface of the skin to produce measurement data.

Abstract: A system for detecting an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal of a subject includes a substrate that is placed on and adheres to the skin over the sternum of the subject. First, second and third electrodes are disposed on the substrate, each of which has an end for contacting a respective area of skin. Directional positioning from the second electrode to the first electrode is substantially perpendicular to directional positioning from the third electrode to the first electrode. A circuit on the first substrate is connected to the electrodes and generates a first ECG channel measuring a difference in electric signals between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a second ECG channel measuring a difference in electric signals between the first electrode and the third electrode. A communication component on the substrate wirelessly transmits ECG information from the circuit to an external device.

Abstract: A problem related to a known eyewear-type electro-oculogram measuring apparatus which detects the eye potential using a pair of electrodes positioned outside both the eyes of a user and a pair of electrodes respectively positioned above and below one eye is that the two pairs of electrodes have had an impact on the skins of users, and discomfort on them. Besides, the electrodes are not excellent in design.

Abstract: A system and method for a multi-function remote ambulatory cardiac monitoring system. The system includes a microprocessor for controlling the remote ambulatory cardiac monitoring system and a non-transitory computer readable medium associated with the microprocessor. The non-transitory computer readable medium includes instructions to perform one of the following modes: EKG mode, ECG Holter mode, or MCT/Event mode. The system also includes a controller connected to the microprocessor. The controller initiates or switches the functionality of the remote ambulatory cardiac monitoring system by causing the microprocessor to initiate one of the EKG mode, ECG Holter mode, or MCT/Event mode.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments enable determining and monitoring the location of at least one particle in a subject's body, as well as the status of a local environment within the body where the at least one particle is located.

Abstract: This disclosure employs temperature, magnetism and Curie point transition to construct and use catheters and other medical devices that can be visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Accordingly, this disclosure includes, but is not limited to, medical devices, means of constructing medical devices, and methods of imaging medical devices using magnetic resonance and other technologies.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a neuronal resonance-magnetic resonance imaging (NR-MRI) method and technology for measuring a difference between a resting stale and a state of providing external stimuli with respect to various frequency bands by using the NR-MRI scheme through frequency band selection filter characteristic mapping of neurons. In addition, the present disclosure provides technology for revealing a frequency selective communication mechanism between brain regions on the basis of systems biology researches for the frequency selective communication mechanism between the brain regions as well as technology useful for completing proof-of-concept and a frequency selective communication map between the entire brain regions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for breast cancer detection using a microwave, which decomposes a microwave signal measured on the circumference of a breast for each of a plurality of frequency components and detects a breast cancer based on the microwave signals decomposed for each of the plurality of frequency components to increase accuracy of diagnosis of the breast cancer.

Abstract: Methods for assessing a health condition of an individual using single coil magnetic induction tomography imaging are provided. A target area for medical imaging on a patient can be identified. A plurality of coil property measurements can be obtained using a single coil. The plurality of coil property measurements can be performed with the single coil at a plurality of discrete locations relative to the target area. The coil property measurements can be processed to generate an image of the conductivity distribution of the target area. The image can be analyzed to assess a health condition of the patient.

Abstract: An electrical impedance measuring apparatus includes: a plurality of electrodes adhered to a periphery of a chest of a living body; a potential measurer configured to perform a process of applying a current to any ones of the electrodes, and measuring potentials by means of other electrodes; an impedance acquirer, based on the applied current and the potentials obtained by the potential measurer, configured to obtain information related to an impedance of each of meshes, a chest section divided into the meshes; and an average value calculator configured to obtain a whole-region average value of impedances of all meshes of the chest section, and configured to obtain an ROI average value of impedances of meshes contained in each of ROIs, a whole region of the chest section segmented into the ROIs.

Abstract: An electrical impedance measuring apparatus includes: a plurality of electrodes adhered to a periphery of a chest; a potential measurer configured to perform a process of applying a current to any ones of the electrodes, and measuring potentials by means of other electrodes; an impedance acquirer, based on the applied current and the potentials measured by the potential measurer, configured to obtain an impedance of each of meshes, a chest section divided into the meshes; a histogram producer configured to set, in the chest section, at least one ROI including from a ventral side to a dorsal side, and configured to obtain a histogram of an impedance distribution in the ROI; and a producer configured to produce a color impedance distribution map in which amplitudes of the histogram are replaced with corresponding colors.

Abstract: A head restraint device for medical imaging apparatus, such as medical resonance imaging apparatus, is described. The device includes a base including a support for supporting the back of a subject's head. First and second arms are also provided, the proximal ends of the first and second arms being attachable to the base such that the distal ends of the arms are spaced apart from one another to form a region for receiving a subject's head. One or more head grips, which may include bone pins, are provided and attachable to the distal end of each of the first arm and second arm for engaging a head located in the region for receiving a subject's head. An arm positioning mechanism allows the spacing between the distal ends of the arms to be altered such that the size of the region for receiving the subject's head can be adjusted.

Abstract: A methodology used to pinpoint the location of an implantable biomedical sensing device is provided and is carried out by integrating miniaturized magnets, or materials with magnetic properties into the implantable bio-sensing chip to detect the position of the implant by sensing the induced magnetic field via an external communication unit. Presented here are various configurations in which magnetic positional detection can be carried out. The positional information collected from these detection motifs can be used to provide feedback to the user about alignment status as well as activate a self-alignment methodology. With respect to the former, based on the positional information received the user manually adjusts the location of the external communicator into place to align with the implantable platform.

Abstract: Breath sampling tube having an array of reservoirs, the array of reservoirs including a first reservoir proximate to a device end of the tube and at least one intermediate reservoir; the first reservoir having an inner wall defining a channel, a hydrophobic element and a hydrophilic element; and the at least one intermediate reservoir having an inner wall defining a channel and a hydrophilic element; wherein the array of reservoirs is configured to allow unabsorbed water vapor to proceed through the at least one intermediate reservoir while essentially blocking unabsorbed water vapor from passing through the first reservoir.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for processing data derivable from remotely detected electromagnetic radiation (16) emitted or reflected by a subject (12), the data comprising physiological information. An input signal is received and indicative entities thereof are transmitted, the indicative entities being indicative of physiological information representative of at least one vital parameter (17; 150) in a subject (12) of interest, wherein the indicative entities are detected under consideration of at least one defined descriptive model (114) describing a relation between physical skin appearance characteristics and a corresponding representation in the input signal such that non-indicative side information represented by non-indicative entities in the input signal is substantially undetectable in a resulting transmitted signal.

Abstract: The various aspects relate to a method of determining a geometrical parameter of a side branch of a main branch of a blood vessel, comprising receiving a multitude of cross section data sets, the data sets representing geometries of cross sections of the main branch over a length of the main branch and receiving position data of a cut plane of the main branch, the cut plane intersecting the side branch and the cut plane being defined under an angle with the cross-sections. The method further comprises, based on data in at least a part of the cross section data sets, constructing image data of a constructed cross section of the main branch in the cut plane. The method comprises receiving contour data defining a contour in the constructed cross section, the contour being provided in the side branch and determining the parameter by determining a parameter of the contour.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for authentication and identification of a user by use of an electroencephalographic (EEG) signal. For example, a method for authenticating a user includes the following steps. At least one electroencephalographic response is obtained from a user in accordance with perceptory stimuli presented to the user. The user is authenticated based on the obtained electroencephalographic response. The authenticating step may be based on detection of an event-related potential in the obtained electroencephalographic response. The event-related potential may be a P300 event-related potential. The method may also include the step of enrolling the user prior to authenticating the user. The enrolling step may include a supervised enrollment procedure or an unsupervised enrollment procedure.

Abstract: Patient support systems are generally disclosed. An example patient support system may be configured to provide a predictive bed-exit alarm and/or a patient weight. An example embodiment may include a support structure including independently inflatable supports, an inflatable mat beneath the inflatable supports, and pressure detectors associated with the inflatable supports and the inflatable mat. An alarm logic may be configured to initiate a predictive bed-exit alarm sequence upon determining that at least one of the pressures of the inflatable supports is at about its respective unloaded pressure. A patient weight logic may be configured to output a patient weight based at least partially upon a difference between an unloaded pressure and a loaded pressure of the inflatable mat.

Abstract: A motion analysis system includes: at least one orientation sensor configured to detect three-dimensional torso motion over time, the at least one orientation sensor including: a multiaxial accelerometer configured to detect acceleration in at least three orthogonal directions, and a gyroscope; and a controller configured to receive data from the at least one orientation sensor, the controller programmed to process the data to: determine at least one of a state and a transition of the torso; identify normal parameters for the determined at least one of the state and transition; and determine whether motion of the torso is outside the normal parameters. The controller is configured to identify, in real-time, the occurrence of a fall in progress of an individual from at least one of a standing state, a standing-to-seated transition, and a seated-to-standing transition.

Abstract: An imaging agent for detecting analytes in a biological environment includes functionalized, silicon vacancy center-containing nanodiamonds. Individual nanodiamonds of the imaging agent include at least one silicon vacancy center. The at least one silicon vacancy center can emit light having a wavelength in a narrow band in response to illumination having any wavelength in a wide range of wavelengths. The nanodiamonds are functionalized to selectively interact with an analyte of interest. The nanodiamonds can additionally include other color centers, and the imaging agent can include a plurality of sets of nanodiamonds having detectably unique ratios of silicon vacancy centers to other color centers. The silicon vacancy centers in the nanodiamonds can have a preferred orientation enabling orientation tracking of individual nanodiamonds or other applications. A method for detecting properties of the analyte of interest by interacting with the imaging agent is also provided.

Abstract: The endoscope system includes: an image signal acquisition unit acquiring B1 image signal corresponding to blue narrow band where the amount of light absorption changes according to the oxygen saturation of blood hemoglobin, G2 image signal corresponding to green wavelength band where the amount of light absorption changes according to a blood volume of an observation target, R2 image signal corresponding to red wavelength band where a change in the amount of light absorption with respect to the oxygen saturation or the blood volume is small compared with the B1 and G2 image signal, and B2 image signal corresponding to a wavelength band, a difference between a center wavelength of the wavelength band and a center wavelength of the blue narrow band being 20 to 100 nm; and an oxygen saturation calculation unit calculating the oxygen saturation based on the B1, G2, R3, and B2 image signal.

Abstract: The endoscope system includes: an image signal acquisition unit acquiring first image signal in first wavelength range where the amount of light absorption changes according to the concentration of yellow dye, second image signal in second wavelength range where the amount of light absorption changes according to the blood volume of an observation target, and third image signal in third wavelength range where a change in the amount of light absorption according to the concentration of the yellow dye is smaller than the first wavelength range and a change in the amount of light absorption according to the blood volume is smaller than the second wavelength range; a signal ratio calculation unit calculating first signal ratio based on the first and second image signals and calculating second signal ratio based on the second and third image signals; and a warning notification unit calculating a threshold value and generates warning signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor instrument (2) for examining the mucous membrane of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum of a patient to see whether it is infected with bacteria. Said instrument comprises an evaluation unit (4) and a catheter probe (6) with an ammonia-sensitive sensor (8) and a catheter.

Abstract: In a method for producing a sensor instrument (2) having an ammonia-sensitive sensor (8), said sensor being designed to examine the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum of a patient for infection with bacteria, at least one electrically conductive wire (10) is embedded in a non-conductive matrix (12) and then an end of the wire (10) is exposed by way of grinding.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing data communication in medical systems are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus is presented having a housing, the housing has an aperture configured to receive a body part of a user. A light emitting part is supported by the housing and at least one proximity sensor is disposed within the housing. A controller is configured to receive signals from the at least one proximity sensor and to determine from the signals whether a body part protrudes by a required amount within the aperture. The control of the appearance of the light emitting part according to the determination.

Abstract: Fluid sampling apparatus 10 comprising an elongate tube 14 and a fluid partitioning unit 12 comprising: a first port 18 arranged to receive an incoming flow of test fluid TF; and a second port 20 arranged to be coupled to the elongate tube. The fluid partitioning unit is arranged to combine the flow of test fluid with a plurality of partitioning elements 26 to define a plurality of discrete temporally organised fluid samples FS for movement along and storage in the elongate tube.

Abstract: A biological component-measuring unit comprises a substrate detachably mountable on a medical support device; fluid channels disposed on the substrate, the fluid channels comprising a biological component-measuring channel; and an engaging mechanism configured to detachably engage with the medical support device so that the biological component-measuring unit is attached to and detached from the medical support device. The biological component-measuring channel includes: a first fluid transferring section disposed on the biological component-measuring channel and configured to be engaged with and actuated by a first fluid transfer structure disposed on the medical support device and transfer a sample fluid in one direction in cooperation with the first fluid transfer structure, when the biological component-measuring unit is mounted on the medical support device.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to measure lymphatic pressure with more safety and ease at lower cost. To achieve this, a lymphatic pressure-measuring system 1 includes: a manchette 11 fitted on a vital observation portion; a measurement unit 13 that measures and outputs pressure of the manchette 11; an infrared camera 21 that detects fluorescence emitted from fluorescent dye previously injected into a lymph vessel in the vital observation portion; and an image processing device 22 that generates and displays an image showing a position of the fluorescent dye in the lymph vessel based on a detection result of the infrared camera 21. The infrared camera 21 repeats the detection while the pressure of the manchette 11 decreases from first pressure to block a lymph flow in the vital observation portion to second pressure at restart of the lymph flow. The measurement unit 13 repeats the measurement during the period.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided that interrogate, receive, and analyze full emission spectra for at least one fluorescence excitation wavelength and for at least one reflectance measurement to determine tissue characteristics and correlate same to photographic images. Further, the system and method accomplish this measurement rapidly by increasing the light throughput by integrating optics into a hand held unit and avoiding the need for a coherent fiber optic bundle being used. The method includes illuminating a first portion of a target tissue with optical energy, forming a first image of the target tissue, illuminating a second portion of the target tissue with optical energy, performing spectroscopic measurements on optical energy reflected and/or emitted by the target tissue upon illumination of the second portion of the target tissue with optical energy, and determining tissue characteristics of the target tissue based on the results of the spectroscopic measurements.

Abstract: An information processing method and an electronic device are provided. The method includes: obtaining first parameter information indicating a current posture of a first body part by a first sensor among M sensors of an electronic device fixed on the first body part; judging whether the first parameter information meets a predetermined condition; determining that the current posture of the first body part is a first posture in a case that the first parameter information meets the predetermined condition; obtaining N second parameters by N sensors other than the first sensor among the M sensors, wherein 1?N<M; and determining a first posture direction that the first body part in the first posture points towards based on the N second parameters.

Abstract: A method of detecting sleep disturbances is disclosed. The method comprises: sensing from a body part of a subject a subject signal indicative of a sleep state of the subject; sensing from an environment containing the subject an environment signal indicative of a state of the environment; identifying awakening and/or arousal events based on the subject signal, and changes in the environment state based on the environment signal; and correlating the awakening and/or arousal events to the changes in the environment state, thereby detecting the sleep disturbances.

Abstract: A physiology monitoring system is provided for reducing the risk of sudden unexpected infant death in infants and to monitor physiological parameters in both infants and adults. An embodiment of the monitoring system includes a belt dimensioned to encircle a patient's chest; an accelerometer configured to detect inhale/exhale motions of the patient's chest; a gyroscopic sensor configured to detect supine/prone orientation of the patient; a controller configured for receiving signals from the accelerometer and gyroscopic sensor and determining a risk to the patient based on the received signals; and an e-paper display. The e-paper display being coupled to the control circuit and configured to display instructional messages to a caregiver. Additionally, a power source provides energizing power to the accelerometer, gyroscopic sensor, controller and e-paper display for a minimum period of one year.