Abstract: Processes for the production of chlorinated propenes are provided wherein a dehydrochlorination reaction occurs prior to a first chlorination reaction. The present processes make use of at least one reactor twice, i.e., at least two reactions occur in the same reactor. Cost and time savings are thus provided. Additional savings can be achieved by conducting more than two chlorination reactions, or all chlorination reactions, in one chlorination reactor, and/or by conducting more than two dehydrochlorination reactions, or all dehydrochlorination reactions, within a single dehydrochlorination reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an HFO-1234ze and HFC-245fa co-production preparation method. The HFO-1234ze and HFC-245fa are prepared through a two-stage gas phase fluorination reaction by using 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (HCC-240fa) as a raw material. With the processing method of the present invention, HFO-1234ze and HFC-245fa can be prepared at the same time, and the alkene is unlikely to polymerize or carbonize during the reaction, thus being suitable for industrialized promotion.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a novel synthetic procedure that provides a simple, safe and commercially valuable method for the preparation of 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol. The process for the preparation of 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol involves reducing diethyl phenylmalonate with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of an alkali metal dihydrogen phosphate buffer or the hydrate thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst having an amorphous support and one or more active metals. The amorphous support may comprise a support material and an amorphous support modifier, which adjusts the acidity of the support material. In preparing the amorphous catalyst, post-synthesis treatment, i.e. calcination, may be used to adjust the catalyst performance while converting acetic acid to ethanol.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing dipropylene glycol (DPG) and/or tripropylene glycol (TPG) including: (A) reacting a raw material liquid including propylene oxide and water to obtain a reaction liquid including unreacted water, propylene glycol (PG), DPG and/or TPG, and an alcohol compound excluding PG, DPG, and TPG; (B) separating, from the reaction liquid, a first liquid containing water and the alcohol compound and a second liquid containing the PG, DPG and/or TPG and optionally the alcohol compound; (C) removing a part of the alcohol compound from the first liquid to obtain a third liquid containing water and optionally a part of the alcohol compound; (D) separating, from the second liquid, a fourth liquid containing the PG and optionally the alcohol compound, and a fifth liquid containing the DPG and/or TPG and optionally the alcohol compound; and (E) recycling a part of the third liquid to step (A).

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the invention are directed to the synthetic methods for making lepidopteran pheromones including navel orangeworm pheromones. The synthetic methods involve novel, efficient, and environmentally benign steps and procedures.

Abstract: Process for removing acetone from a stream including acetone (A), methyl acetate (MA) and methyl iodide (MI), by (a) introducing the stream into a first distillation zone (FDZ); (b) introducing acetic acid (AA) into the FDZ, by adding AA to the stream or by introducing AA to the FDZ at or above the introduction point of the stream, or a combination thereof; (c) removing from the FDZ an overhead stream including MI and a bottoms stream containing A, MA, AA, and a reduced amount of MI; (d) introducing the bottoms stream into a second distillation zone (SDZ); (e) removing from the SDZ an overhead stream containing MA and MI and a bottoms stream containing A, MA and AA; (f) introducing the bottoms stream from (e) into a third distillation zone (TDZ); removing from the TDZ an overhead stream containing MA and A and a bottoms stream containing MA and AA.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides purified pharmaceutical preparations comprising oxidized SkQ1, wherein no individual impurity exceeds 1.5%, the total impurity content of the preparation does not exceed 4.

Abstract: A method for producing polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether carboxylic acid or a salt thereof includes an oxidation reaction process of oxidizing polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether with oxygen by supplying an oxygen-containing gas to a suspension or a solution that has a depth of 200 mm or more and includes polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether. In the oxidation reaction process, a supply rate of the oxygen-containing gas is reduced in a period in which the conversion is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 70%.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing and crystallizing alkyl aromatics is described. The solvent and operating conditions are controlled to maintain the aromatic carboxylic acid in solution in the reaction zone, and the aromatic carboxylic acid is crystallized in a downstream crystallizer, resulting in reduced impurity levels in the product.

Abstract: This present invention relates to the processes for the purification of succinic acid from a fermentation broth containing ammonium succinate. The process for the purification of succinic acid described in this invention involves the use of ion exchange resins for splitting the ammonium succinate in the fermentation broth. During the passage of the fermentation broth through a cationic ion exchange resin, the ammonium succinate is split into ammonium cation and the succinate anion. The proton on the resin surface is exchanged for the ammonium ions and the succinate anion is reduced to succinic acid with the protons released from the ion exchange resin. The bound ammonium is released from the resin with the addition of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid and thereby the ion exchange resin is regenerated for subsequent use. The ammonium sulfate by-product resulting from the regeneration step of this process can be used as a source of fertilizer.

Abstract: Processes for producing acetic acid wherein at least one process vent stream is treated in an absorber column that utilizes multiple scrubber solvents, e.g., a first absorbent comprising acetic acid and a second absorbent comprising methanol and/or methyl acetate.

Abstract: The instant invention provides cycloaliphatic diamines and a method of making the same. The cycloaliphatic diamines according to the instant invention comprise the reaction product of one or more cycloaliphatic cyanoaldehydes selected from the group consisting of 1,3-cyanocyclohexane carboxaldehyde, 1,4-cyanocyclohexane carboxaldehyde, mixtures thereof, and combinations thereof, hydrogen, and ammonia fed into a continuous reductive amination reactor system; wherein the one or more cycloaliphatic cyanoaldehydes, hydrogen, and ammonia are contacted with each other in the presence of one or more heterogeneous metal based catalyst systems at a temperature in the range of from 80° C. to about 160° C. and a pressure in the range of from 700 to 3500 psig; and wherein one or more cycloaliphatic diamines are formed; and wherein said one or more cycloaliphatic diamines are selected from the group consisting of 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, combinations thereof, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an amino compound by subjecting a polyamine and an alkenyl compound to addition reaction in the presence of an alkali metal hydride compound which is capable of supplying the amino compound in a stable manner without occurrence of odor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying aniline produced by gas-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, by fractional condensation of the crude reaction product obtained in gaseous form so that at least two liquid process products, a partial condensate (PK) and a total condensate (TK), are obtained.

Abstract: Invention provides a cheaper and practical protocol for the construction of a wide variety of 1-Amino-2-naphthalene-carboxylic acid derivatives and their structural analogues that proceeds with high yields in a single step via intramolecular cascade cyano ene reaction.

Abstract: The invention in some aspects relates to devices and methods for nucleating crystals under controlled conditions. In some aspects of the invention, devices and methods are provided for continuous crystallization.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds, to compositions comprising the same and uses thereof for the prevention or treatment of pain, e.g neuropathic pain while having neutral or beneficial effect on metabolic parameters.

Abstract: The present invention provides crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate. The crystalline solid forms may be used in various pharmaceutical compositions, and are particularly effective for the prevention and/or treatment of conditions associated with blood lipid deposition in a mammal, particularly those diseases related to Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia in a mammal comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate.

Abstract: There are provided various polyunsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof. These compounds can be useful as cancer chemopreventive agents, cancer treating agent, inhibiting tumor growth or cell proliferation, reducing tumor growth or as radioenhencers for radiotherapy of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a nitrile represented by general formula (1) (in the formula, R denotes an optionally substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, dienyl group, aralkyl group or aryl group having a total of 3-20 carbon atoms), and the method includes heating an aldoxime represented by general formula (2) (in the formula, R denotes the same groups as those mentioned above) at 80-250° C. in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of phosphoric acid (catalyst A) and distilling off water generated as the reaction progresses to outside the reaction system.

Abstract: A process for the hydrocyanation of a hydrocarbon-based compound having at least one site of ethylenic unsaturation into a nitrile compound includes reaction thereof, in a liquid medium, with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal element selected from among the transition metals and an organophosphorus ligand, wherein the organophosphorus ligand is a mixture of at least one monodentate organophosphite compound and at least one monodentate organophosphine compound; the subject process is especially useful for the synthesis of adiponitrile from butadiene.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process that enables isocyanate to be produced stably over a long period of time and at high yield without encountering problems of the prior art during production of isocyanate without using phosgene. The present invention discloses a process for producing an isocyanate by subjecting a carbamic acid ester to a thermal decomposition reaction, including the steps of: recovering a low boiling point component in a form of a gaseous phase component from a thermal decomposition reaction vessel in which the thermal decomposition reaction is carried out; recovering a liquid phase component containing a carbamic acid ester from a bottom of the thermal decomposition reaction vessel; and supplying all or a portion of the liquid phase component to an upper portion of the thermal decomposition reaction vessel.

Abstract: A sulfonium salt having a 4-fluorophenyl group is introduced as recurring units into a polymer comprising hydroxyphenyl(meth)acrylate units and acid labile group-containing (meth)acrylate units to form a polymer which is useful as a base resin in a resist composition. The resist composition has a high sensitivity, high resolution and minimized LER.

Abstract: The present invention provides stereoselective processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) wherein P is phenyl, naphthyl, a 6-membered heteroaryl group containing one or two nitrogen atoms as ring members, or a 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl group containing one or two nitrogen atoms as ring members, and wherein the phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted; R1 is chlorodifluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl; R2 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; n is 0 or 1; including the process comprising (a-i) reacting a compound of formula II wherein P, R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula I; with nitromethane in the presence a chiral catalyst to give a compound of formula III Wherein P, R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula I; and (a-ii) reductively cyclizing the compound of formula III to give the compound of formula I.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV) as defined in the specification, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of inhibiting, treating, or abrogating a poxvirus infection in a subject using the compounds or compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for effectively producing an N-(hetero)arylazole with high yield, which is useful as a medical or agrochemical product, an organic photoconductor material, an organic electroluminescent element material, or the like. The present invention relates to a process for producing an N-(hetero)arylazole, which includes reacting a (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halide with an NH-azole in the presence of: a catalyst including a palladium compound and a coordination compound; and a basic magnesium compound.

Abstract: Organic compounds, and organic electronic devices and terminals that include the organic compounds, are disclosed. The organic compounds have aryl or hetero aryl groups condensed with inden and indole groups. When included in an organic electronic device or terminal, the organic compound improves the luminous efficiency, the stability, and the lifetime of the organic electronic device or terminal.

Abstract: Novel methods and systems for producing a substantially pure d-threo stereoisomer of methylphenidate or a salt thereof are provided. In particular, methods and systems for producing d-threo-methylphenidate hydrochloride in pure stereoisomeric form from d-threo-ritalinic acid hydrochloride using diazomethane are described. The described methods can be performed on a large scale, and thus provide d-threo methylphenidate or a salt thereof, and particularly the hydrochloride salt of d-threo-methylphenidate, in stereoisomerically pure form and in large quantities from a single batch reaction. Also described are novel compositions of d-threo methylphenidate hydrochloride.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel processes for the preparation of N-substituted benzamides having the formula VIc: In some embodiments, the invention provides a process for preparation of roflumilast and other pharmaceutically active species. Novel compounds, including intermediates for the synthesis of roflumilast, are also provided.

Abstract: Small molecule compounds and methods for stem cell differentiation are provided herein. An example of a class of compounds that may be used to practice the methods disclosed herein is represented by enantiomerically pure isomers of compounds of Formula I: or a chirally pure stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or solvate thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R5?, R6, R6?, R7, R7? are as described herein.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a mixture of crystalline laquinimod sodium particles, wherein (i) 90% or more of the total amount by volume of the laquinimod sodium particles have a size of 40 microns or less or (ii) 50% or more of the total amount by volume of the laquinimod sodium particles have a size of 15 microns or less, and wherein: a) the mixture has a bulk density of 0.2 g/mL to 0.4 g/mL; b) the mixture has a tapped density of 0.40 g/mL to 0.7 g/mL; c) an amount of heavy metal in the mixture is no more than 0.002% of heavy metal relative to the amount by weight of laquinimod sodium; d) an amount of 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline (MCQ) in the mixture is no more than 0.15% relative to the amount of laquinimod sodium as measured by HPLC; e) an amount of 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroqunoline-3-carboxylic acid (MCQCA) in the mixture is no more than 0.

Abstract: Lactamium based ionic liquids are described. They comprise at least one of: the reaction product of a lactam compound having a general formula wherein n is 1 to 8, and a Brønsted acid HX; or a Brønsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide; where the reaction product is p-toluenesulfonate, halide, or the halometallate; or the reaction product of a lactam compound having a general formula wherein the ring has at least C—C one double bond, and n is 1 to 8, and a Brønsted acid HX; or a Brønsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide; or the reaction product of a lactam compound having a general formula wherein n is 1 to 8, m is 1 to 8, and the rings can be saturated or unsaturated; and a Brønsted acid HX; or a Brønsted acid HX, where X is a halide, and a metal halide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N-cycloalkyl-N-bicyclicmethylene-carboxamide, thiocarboxamide or N-substituted carboximidamide derivatives of formula (I) wherein A represents a carbo-linked, 5-membered heterocyclyl group, T represents O or S, Z1 represents a C3-C7-cycloalkyl group, X represents N or a CZ7 and Y1, Y2, Z2, Z3, L1 and L2 represent various substituents. Their process of preparation, the preparation of intermediate compounds, their use as fungicide active agents, particularly in the form of fungicide compositions and methods for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, notably of plants, using these compounds or compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I) wherein R1 and R1? independently of each other are H or a substituent, halogen or SiR6R4R5; R2 and R2? may be the same or different and are selected from C1-C25alkyl, C3-C12-cycloalkyl, C2-C25alkenyl, C2-C25alkynyl, C4-C25aryl, C5-C25alkylaryl or C5-C25aralkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted, and under conditions as defined in claim 1, R2 and/or R2? may also be halogen or hydrogen; X is a divalent linking group selected from formula (Ia) and formula (Ib); Y and Y? independently are selected from formula (Ic), formula (Id), formula (Ie), formula (If), formula (Ig); n and p independently range from 0 to 6; where further symbols are as defined in claim 1, and to corresponding oligomers and (co)polymers. The compounds according to the invention are useful as semiconductors and have excellent solubility in organic solvents and excellent film-forming properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of one of the formulas I to XXI; a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one such compound; and the use of at least one such compound in preparing a drug to treat, in a subject, a genetic disease resulting from at least one splicing anomaly.

Abstract: The invention provides (among other things) small molecule drugs that are chemically modified by covalent attachment of a water-soluble oligomer.

Abstract: Inhibitors of HBV replication of formula (I) including stereochemically isomeric forms, and salts, hydrates, solvates thereof, wherein R1-R5, B and Z have the meaning as defined herein. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use, alone or in combination with other HBV inhibitors, in HBV therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phenyl amino pyrimidine compounds which are inhibitors of protein kinases including JAK kinases. In particular the compounds are selective for JAK2 kinases. The kinase inhibitors can be used in the treatment of kinase associated diseases such as immunological and inflammatory diseases including organ transplants; hyperproliferative diseases including cancer and myeloproliferative diseases; viral diseases; metabolic diseases; and vascular diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for the preparation of rilpivirine. The present invention also provides a novel process for the preparation of rilpivirine hydrochloride. The present invention further provides a rilpivirine hydrochloride monohydrate, process for its preparation and pharmaceutical compositions comprising it.

Abstract: The invention concerns a new process for the preparation of bosentan or bosentan monohydrate by reaction of compound of Formula II with ethylene glycol in the presence of potassium bases and the potassium salt of bosentan.

Abstract: Arylpyrazinone derivatives of formula (I), as insulin secretion stimulators, the preparation and use of these pyrazinone derivatives for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diabetes and pathologies associated.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel oxazolidinones their derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a disubstituted urea and carbamate compounds simultaneously through a one-pot reaction of an amine, carbon dioxide and an alkylene oxide compound in the presence of an ionic liquid-based complex catalyst system containing indium. In accordance with the present disclosure, a disubstituted urea and carbamate compounds can be prepared simultaneously at high yield. In addition, the ionic liquid-based catalyst containing indium according to the present disclosure is economical because it can be reused several times.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) are provided: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers thereof; wherein: R1 is a side chain of amino acid Ala, Ser, Thr or Leu; R2 is a side chain of amino acid Asp, Glu, Gln or Asn; [Aaa] is an amino acid residue selected from Ser, ASP, Ala, Ile, Phe, Trp, Lys, Glu or Thr; R3 is hydrogen or alkyl; each of R4 and R4? independently are hydrogen or alkyl; both Ra and Ra? are hydrogen; or together are an oxo (?O) group; both Rb and Rb? are hydrogen; or together are an oxo (?O) group; L is X is CH2, O or S; R5 is hydrogen or alkyl; m is an integer from 1 to 3; and n is an integer from 2 to 20. The compounds are useful for treatment of disorders via immunopotentiation comprising inhibition of immunosuppressive signal induced due to PD-1, PD-L1, or PD-L2 and therapies using them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for reducing body weight in an animal in need thereof via administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having a general tripartite structure A-B-C. In the tripartite structure A, B, and C are identical or non-identical structures, for example, but not limited to, heterocyclic, phenyl or benzyl ring structures with or without substitutions and are described in detail herein. The methods may utilize particular compounds, for example, having a piperidinyl, a pyrrolinyl or pyridinyl A ring, a thiazole B ring, and a phenyl C ring which may be further substituted independently. Also provided are methods for increasing thermogenesis without reducing lean body mass during weight loss in an animal by administering of a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alumina support for silver catalyst, a process for preparing said alumina support, a silver catalyst made from said alumina support, and a use of said silver catalyst in the production of ethylene oxide by the oxidization of ethylene. According to the present invention, the silver catalyst made from the support prepared by potassium melt technology can have a high selectivity.

Abstract: A novel synthetic route to the syn-azido epoxide of formula 5 includes cobalt-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution of a racemic mixture of the azido-epoxide. Reaction steps include subjecting an allylic alcohol to epoxidation with mCPBA to obtain a racemic epoxy alcohol; ring opening the epoxy alcohol with azide anion to obtain an anti-azido alcohol, which can then be selectively tosylated at the primary alcohol; treating the tosylate with base to obtain the racemic azido-epoxide; and subjecting the racemic azido-epoxide to cobalt-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution to obtain the syn-azido epoxide of formula 5. The compound of formula 5 may be used as a common intermediate for the asymmetric synthesis of HIV protease inhibitors, such as Amprenavir, Fosamprenavir, Saquinavir, and formal synthesis of Darunavir and Palinavir.

Abstract: A process for epoxidizing an olefin comprising contacting an olefin with an oxidant in the presence of an insoluble oxidation catalyst in a solvent system comprising an organic water-miscible solvent to form an alkylene oxide. The insoluble oxidation catalyst comprises a metal, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten, cerium, and niobium. The metal is directly incorporated within a solid mesoporous silicate support, such as one selected from the group consisting of KIT-5, KIT-6, and TUD-1.

Abstract: A resin comprising a structural unit represented by formula (aa): wherein T1 represents a C3-C34 sultone ring group optionally having a substituent, X1 represents —O— or —N(Rc)—, Rc represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group, Z1 represents —X2— or —X3—X4—CO—X5—, where X2, X3 and X5 independently each represent a C1-C6 alkanediyl group, X4 represents —O— or —N(Rd)—, and Rd represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group, and R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C1-C6 alkyl group optionally having a halogen atom.