Abstract: A method of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of an object (O) including at least one chemical species to be imaged, comprising sampling of the k-space such that a plurality of N? first sampling trajectories through at least one k-space segment of the k-space is formed along a phase-encoding direction, each of said first sampling trajectories beginning in a central k-space region and continuing to a k-space border of the at least one k-space segment and having a duration equal to or below a spectral dwell time corresponding to the reciprocal spectral bandwidth, collecting at least one first set of gradient-echo signals obtained along the first sampling trajectories, collecting at least one second set of gradient-echo signals obtained along a plurality of N? second sampling trajectories, the N? second sampling trajectories and the N? first sampling trajectories being mutually mirrored relative to a predetermined k-space line in the central k-space region.

Abstract: A method for creating a module for controlling a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus antenna, the method including: determining magnetic field distribution mapping B1+; constructing a matrix {tilde over (B)} from the selection of a plurality of x*m points B+1(i,j) such that {tilde over (B)}(i,j)?B+1(i,j) determining the singular vectors of the matrix {tilde over (B)} by singular value decomposition; and arranging a coupling means and/or phase-shifting means, forming said control module, such that a signal Soj outputted from the control module is a function of the equation So j = ? k = 1 n ? ? V k , j · Si k , with Sik being the input signal.

Abstract: A rod antenna and antenna circuit are described which make use of negative feedback to reduce the Q of the antenna, but which also makes use of a different coil tapping arrangement to significantly reduce electric field susceptibility on the detected signal from the main coil as well as different biasing arrangements to reduce noise. More particularly, in some embodiments of the invention the main detector coil of the antenna has a centre tap that is AC grounded with signal taps then being taken from the opposite ends of the main coil, and being respectively fed to the inputs of a differential amplifier. The output of the differential amplifier is then fed to the magnetic circuit of the rod antenna via a second inductor winding that is magnetically coupled to the resonance circuit of the main antenna coil.

Abstract: A transmission beam control unit 8 changes a main beam direction of a radar transmission beam every predetermined number of transmission periods. A radar transmitting unit Tx transmits a radar transmission signal using the radar transmission beam of which the main beam direction has been changed. In a radar receiving unit Rx, an estimation range selection unit 22 selects an estimation range of the direction of arrival of a reflected wave signal by limiting the estimation range to the approximate transmission beam width on the basis of the transmission beam width of the radar transmission beam and the output from the transmission beam control unit 8. The direction-of-arrival estimation unit 23 estimates the direction of arrival of the reflected wave signal on the basis of phase information between a plurality of antennas according to the selected range.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for supporting reference signals for positioning measurements are disclosed. Methods include subframe configuration, subframe structures, measurement opportunities using a set of downlink subframes which are not all consecutive, handling of subframes containing reference signals and system signals such as synchronization signals, paging occasions and Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Service (MBMS), and related control signaling between a long term evolution (LTE) network and a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). Moreover, methods to resolve allocation conflicts arising between positioning reference signals and other reference signals are disclosed.

Abstract: Method, apparatus, and computer program product example embodiments provide wireless position determination. According to an example embodiment, a method comprises generating in a mobile wireless device, grid nodes representing one or more floor areas in an enclosed space, based on a map of the enclosed space; estimating locations along a path of motion of a user of the mobile wireless device traversing the one or more floor areas, based on motion observations made by a motion sensor in the mobile wireless device and map information; generating a radiomap of the one or more floor areas by making radio measurements with the mobile wireless device, at the estimated locations along the path of motion, mapping the measurements to the generated grid nodes that are closest to the estimated locations; and compiling a fingerprint data structure of the radiomap, including observation elements representing the radio measurements at the mapped grid nodes.

Abstract: A method for providing position determination assisting data comprises repetitions of establishing (210) of a cell relation configuration for a user equipment and performing (212) of a high-precision position determination for the user equipment. Results of the determinations belonging to the same cell relation configuration are clustered (214) in separate clustered results. An area definition is associated (220) with the clustered results by enclosing (221) the clustered results by a polygon, shrinking (222) the polygon by moving corners towards a contraction point and defining (223) the area definition as a shrunk polygon comprising a predetermined fraction of the clustered results. The contraction point is selected to be situated within the clustered results. The method also comprises creating (230) of position determination assisting data comprising a relation between the cell relation configurations and the associated area definitions.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatuses for determining the location, direction of travel and other parameters of wheeled vehicles such as cars and trucks being driven along public roads and highways based on sounds produced, transducers and digital signal processing.

Abstract: A radar device is provided, which includes a receiver for transmitting a pulse-shaped radio wave and receiving a corresponding reflection signal as a reception signal, a Doppler processor for generating Doppler processed signals that are signals obtained by separating the reception signal according to Doppler frequencies or signals obtained based on the signals separated, an improvement level calculator for calculating a signal improvement level by comparing an amplitude value of the reception signal with amplitude values of the Doppler processed signals, a signal synthesizer for synthesizing the reception signal and the Doppler processed signals based on the signal improvement levels, and a display processor for generating a radar image based on the synthesized signal.

Abstract: A method of locating a weapon includes detecting a weapon firing event with an optical sensor, the detected weapon firing event indicative of a detected firing of the weapon and indicative of a detected time of the weapon firing event. The method also includes detecting a projectile fired from the weapon with a radar system. The method also includes calculating a state vector associated with the projectile detection. The method also includes identifying a location of the weapon by backtracking the state vector to the detected time of the weapon firing event time. The method also includes communicating the location of the weapon. A system that implements the method is also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laser radar system and a method for acquiring an image of a target, and the laser radar system includes: a beam source to emit the laser beam; a beam deflector disposed between the beam source and the target, and configured to deflect the laser beam emitted from the beam source in a scanning direction of the target as time elapses; and an optical detector configured to detect the laser beam reflected from the target, which is provided a plurality of beam spots having a diameter DRBS; and a receiving optical system disposed between the target and the optical detector and configured to converge the laser beam reflected from the target, and the optical detector includes a detecting area having a diameter DDA that satisfies an equation of ?{square root over (2)}×PRBS+2×DRBS?DDA?2×Dlens and an equation of (4/?)×?×F_number<DRBS<Dlens.

Abstract: A pressure sensor can be implemented on a network device to minimize vertical positioning errors of the network device in an indoor environment. A reference altitude and a reference pressure associated with an access point in the indoor environment are received at the network device via a communication network. A pressure is determined at the network device in the indoor environment. An altitude of the network device associated with the pressure at the network device in the indoor environment is calculated based, at least in part, on the pressure at the network device, the reference pressure, and the reference altitude. A position of the network device in the indoor environment is determined based, at least in part, on the altitude of the navigation device and location information received from at least the access point.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus including pixels; driving lines; a driving circuit; bias lines; an acquisition unit configured to acquire an evaluation value based on a current flowing in the bias line; a determination unit configured to compare the evaluation value with a comparison target value to determine whether radiation is irradiated; a control unit configured to control the acquisition unit and the determination unit; and a storage unit configured to store the evaluation value used in the determination process, is provided. A comparison target value used in a given determination process is based on one or more evaluation values used in one or more determination processes which are performed before the given determination process and in which it is determined that radiation has not been irradiated.

Abstract: System and method for linearization of photometric response of an imaging sensor of a multi-camera flat panel X-Ray detector. The linearization includes acquiring by the imaging sensor, during a linearization phase, at least two images related to detectable radiation radiated by a scintillator in response to X-Ray radiation generated by an X-Ray source at a field of view of the imaging sensor, wherein the intensity of the X-Ray radiation generated by the X-Ray source is different for each of the images, measuring by a light energy measurement unit, substantially simultaneously with the acquiring of each of the images, at least two corresponding levels of energy of the detectable radiation, wherein the light energy measurement unit is substantially linear at the range of operation, and calculating an inverse response function to the imaging sensor based on the images and on the corresponding levels of energy.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a material includes at least one metal compound incorporated into a polymeric matrix, where the metal compound includes a metal and one or more carboxylate ligands, where at least one of the one or more carboxylate ligands includes a tertiary butyl group, and where the material is optically transparent. In another embodiment, a method includes: processing pulse traces corresponding to light pulses from a scintillator material; and outputting a result of the processing, where the scintillator material comprises at least one metal compound incorporated into a polymeric matrix, the at least one metal compound including a metal and one or more carboxylate ligands, where at least one of the one or more carboxylate ligands has a tertiary butyl group, and where the scintillator material is optically transparent and has an energy resolution at 662 keV of less than about 20%.

Abstract: An electronic read circuit for a radiation detector comprises: a comparator receiving a threshold potential and the potential from an integration node, said node being able to store electrical charges that are generated by a photosensitive element; a counter connected to the output of the comparator; and a counter-charge injection circuit comprising: a capacitor that stores counter-charges, a transfer transistor that can be turned on in order to transfer counter-charges from a terminal of the capacitor to the integration node whenever the comparator toggles, the transfer of the counter-charges bringing about a variation of potential at said terminal of the capacitor, and a regulation circuit for controlling the transfer transistor, said circuit comprising means for turning on the transfer transistor when the potential of the terminal of the capacitor is between two predetermined potentials that are independent of the transfer transistor.

Abstract: A microcontroller unit (3) measures and records a radiation exposure dose obtained from a detection output of a radiation detection unit (2), and when the radiation exposure dose or dose rate exceeds a predetermined threshold, issues a warning to the user by lighting or blinking a LED (4). The LED (4) is placed opposite a light-emitting/receiving element (62) of an electrical non-contact input device (6) provided on a display device (5), and is also used to transmit and receive recorded radiation dose data and a command or data transmitted from the non-contact input device (6). According to such a configuration, a portable radiation dosimeter that is compact and can manage the radiation exposure dose for a long term without placing a burden on the wearer can be realized.

Abstract: A monofrequency signal is used to record signature properties of subsurface reservoir formations. While recording conventional Vibroseis data after certain prescribed distances, the monofrequency signal is transmitted to evaluate the presence of reservoir rocks underneath that source location. When a compressional wave travels through a permeable and fluid-saturated reservoir formation, the Drag Wave travels through reservoir fluid interconnections at a slower velocity than the compressional wave in the rock matrix. Due to the Doppler Effect, a unique lower frequency is generated. This lower frequency becomes an indicator of the presence of reservoir formations. Its character depends on the tortuosity of pore interconnections, presence of pore fluids, and permeability. A transfer function is calculated to convert the swept frequency signal used for conventional seismic recording. This converted swept frequency signal is cross-correlated with the normally recorded signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques for measuring seismic parameters, such as ground force, of a seismic vibrator used for generating seismic signals through a geological formation are provided. The seismic vibrator has a base plate positionable adjacent a ground surface of the geological formation. A sensor pad may be provided with an optical cable positionable between the base plate of the seismic vibrator and the ground surface of the geological formation, a laser for passing a light through the optical cable, and a detector for detecting disturbances in the laser light whereby a ground force applied to the ground surface may be determined.

Abstract: A method includes enabling a power supply of a ground sensor device to provide power to one or more components of the ground sensor device based on one or more rotations of a rotor of the ground sensor device.

Abstract: Apparatus for identifying rock properties in real-time during drilling, are provided. An example of an embodiment of such an apparatus includes one or more acoustic sensors positioned to detect drill sounds emanating from the drill bit and the rock encountered during drilling operations, connected to select components of a drilling rig to maximally pick up the drill sounds of the drill bit engaging rock during drilling operations. The apparatus also includes an inductive telemetry, wireless telemetry, or wired transmitting system. The apparatus also includes a computer to analyze the acoustic signals received from the acoustic sensors through the respective transmitting system for lithology type and petrophysical properties.

Abstract: Computing device and method for determining primary and ghost components from recorded P-waves. The method includes receiving seismic data (R, V) with regard to the P-waves, wherein the seismic data includes vertical and radial components recorded with a buried two-component receiver; calculating with a processor a primary component (P) and a ghost component (G) from the vertical and radial components; and computing an image of a subsurface based on the primary and ghost components (P, G). The P-waves form a plane wave.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a computer readable medium for generating an image of a subsurface based on seismic data corresponding to at least two different times, for a same surveyed area are provided. A cost function, which is a sum over the seismic data vintages of a norm of differences between data and model predicted multiples, is minimized subject to minimizing residual multiples that are differences of corresponding multiples belonging to different vintages among the seismic data vintages.

Abstract: A method to perform a marine seismic survey includes obtaining marine seismic data corresponding to a subterranean formation under a water surface. The marine seismic data is generated from an underwater seismic sensor that is subject to an interference effect. The method further includes generating, by a computer processor and using a deconvolution operation, corrected marine seismic data based at least in part on the marine seismic data to compensate for the interference effect, and generating, by the computer processor, a marine seismic survey result based at least in part on the corrected marine seismic data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the position of a buoyancy element in a marine survey are described in which a passive reflecting material is disposed on the buoyancy element to enable a radar on the vessel to detect the position of the buoyancy element. The radar may emit a frequency modulated continuous wave or a sequence of frequency modulated or phase modulated sinusoidal waves.

Abstract: In an aspect, a pinch sensor is provided, comprising: an elongate non-conductive casing enclosing first, second, and third elongate conductive electrodes; the first and second electrodes being separated by a portion of the casing, a capacitance between the first and second electrodes changing when an obstacle approaches the first electrode to provide a proximity indication of the obstacle to the pinch sensor; and, the second and third electrodes being separated by an air gap formed in the casing, a resistance between the second and third electrodes changing when the second and third electrodes come into contact upon compression of the casing by the obstacle to provide a contact indication of the obstacle with the pinch sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods capable of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize a coiled tubing directional drilling system capable of treating interior portions of the heap/formation. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize a system and method capable of capturing real time temperature and resistivity data pertaining to pregnant solution characteristics in the heap/formation. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize one or more wire line deployed X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers capable of quantitatively measuring concentrations of desired metals in the heap/formation during leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention utilizes multiple passes of elemental capture spectroscopy logs acquired at regular time intervals to monitor metal concentrations during leaching operations.

Abstract: A method for communicating data in an offshore data communication system comprises measuring L/MWD data with a sensor disposed in a bottomhole assembly positioned in a subsea borehole. The bottomhole assembly is disposed along a drillstring extending through the subsea borehole. In addition, the method comprises communicating the L/MWD data from the bottomhole assembly to the seafloor with a telemetry signal. Further, the method comprises receiving the telemetry signal with at least one telemetry transducer positioned proximal the sea floor. Still further, the method comprises processing the telemetry signal at the seafloor to produce a processed signal. Moreover, the method comprises transmitting the processed signal from the sea floor to the sea surface.

Abstract: A display system for an aircraft is provided. The system includes a processing unit configured to receive weather information associated with a flight path of a flight plan and to generate display commands based on the weather information. The flight plan includes a first waypoint associated with a first altitude. The system further includes a display device coupled with the processing unit and configured to receive the display commands and to display symbology representing the weather information. The weather information includes first weather information for the first altitude and second weather information at a second altitude, different from the first altitude.

Abstract: A rain sensor equipped to a transparent substrate includes a light emitter emitting irradiation lights toward the transparent substrate, light receivers receiving reflected lights of the irradiation lights being reflected on the transparent substrate, a defining section defining an incident angle of each reflected light with respect to each light receiver, and a detection section detecting rainfall amount based on signals output from the light receivers. The light emitter emits the irradiation lights toward an irradiation region defined on the transparent substrate. The irradiation region is divided into multiple detection regions. The detection regions correspond to respective light receivers. The defining section defines the incident angle of each reflected light reflected on the detection region such that each reflected light enters corresponding light receiver. The detection section detects the rainfall amount based on the signals output from the light receivers corresponding to the irradiation regions.

Abstract: A photochromic composition, which can function as an adhesive layer for bonding optical sheets made from a polycarbonate resin, may include a polyurethane-urea resin (A) obtained by reacting a polyol compound (A1), a polyisocyanate compound (A2) that has two or more isocyanato groups in the molecule, and an amino-containing compound (A3) that contains two or more isocyanato-reactive groups in the molecule, with at least one of the isocyanato-reactive groups being an amino group; and a photochromic compound (B).

Abstract: The disclosure describes a polymer brush structure exhibiting birefringence, said polymer brush structure comprising a plurality of substantially parallel oriented polymers and characterized by a longitudinal z-direction having a first refractive index, nz, and a lateral x,y-direction having a second refractive index, nx,y, wherein the difference, ?n, between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is in a range of about 0.1 to about 0.6, as measured by ellipsometry and fit to a Cauchy analytical model.

Abstract: A polyester resin having a diol unit containing a unit derived from ethylene glycol and a unit derived from a diol represented by the following formula (I), and a dicarboxylic acid unit containing a unit derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid in an amount of 50 mol % or more; wherein the entire diol unit contains the unit derived from ethylene glycol in an amount of 40 to 99 mol %, and the unit derived from a diol represented by formula (I) in an amount of 1 to 60 mol %: wherein A represents an aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene; R1 represents a C1 to C12 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C12 aryl group or a halogen atom; n represents an integer of 0 to 4; and when plural R1 are present, R1 may be the same as or different from each other.

Abstract: A multilayer optical film includes a wave plate having a refractive index profile of nx>ny?nz and a fluoropolymer film comprising a moiety of wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, substituted alkyl groups, or halogens, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is a fluorine atom, wherein R is each independently a substituent on the styrenic ring, n is an integer from 0 to 5 representing the number of the substituents on the styrenic ring, and wherein nx and ny represent in-plane refractive indices and nz the thickness-direction refractive index of the wave plates; wherein said multilayer optical film has a positive in-plane retardation (Re) and an out-of-plane retardation (Rth) that satisfies the equation of |Rth|<Re/2 throughout the wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm.

Abstract: A microlens substrate will warp when an oxide film is formed and annealed before forming a mask in order to adjust the etching rate of wet etching. Accordingly, a film exerting a stress that cancels out this warping is formed upon a microlens. This film functions as an optical path length adjusting layer.

Abstract: A method of mounting and adjusting a mirror (and a concomitant mount and mirror apparatus) comprising providing a mount surface and mounting a mirror approximately parallel to the mount surface but at an offset angle alpha.

Abstract: An exposed lens retroreflective article that includes a binder layer; a layer of spaced apart optical elements that are partially embedded in the binder layer; a penetrated colored layer that is located between the spaced apart optical elements; and a reflective layer that is located functionally behind the layer of optical elements and the penetrated colored layer.

Abstract: Highly-compliant polymer-based resonant diffraction gratings, and methods of use thereof, are provided. In one illustrative embodiment, an amount of pressure applied to a grating surface may be determined by straining a grating, adapted to move into a plurality of pitches, to an applied pitch in the plurality of pitches in response to an application of strain onto a surface adjacent the grating. Electromagnetic radiation comprising a plurality of wavelengths may be applied to the grating, and a resonance wavelength, in the plurality of wavelengths, may be identified while the strain is applied to the grating. The amount of strain applied to the grating surface may then be determined based on the resonant wavelength.

Abstract: A security device includes an optically variable device (OVD) having diffraction-based micro-optics including at least one moiré magnified visual representation of a micro-object. A diffractive structure provides micro-objects with unique optical effects when the OVD is viewed through the micro-object structure from a predetermined relative observation point. In addition to magnifying the micro-objects, the diffractive structure can impart optical effects such as change in observed color, enhanced contrast, animation of the observed visual representation, and change in size or shape of the observed visual representation. The micro-objects and the diffractive structure can be disposed on the same or different portions of a substrate. A method of making OVDs, and an article employing such OVDs are also disclosed.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a light source unit, an optical fiber, a diverging lens and a light guide unit. The light source unit includes a first light source emitting red light, a second light source emitting green light and a third light source emitting blue light. The optical fiber includes a first, second, and third incident branches and a light output portion. The three incident branches converge into the light output portion and are aligned with the three light sources to guide and mix red, blue, and green light to form white light. The diverging lens is aligned with the light output portion to receive and diverge the white light. The light guide unit faces the diverging lens to receive the white light.

Abstract: The invention described herein is a very thin flat panel LED luminaire, including a flat baseboard, a flat reflection panel, a flat acrylic panel, a flat diffusion panel, LED bar, and aluminum encasement frame which combines with the baseboard to form the chassis for the luminaire. The LED bar is placed along either or both sides of the stack. The acrylic panel is printed with a mesh-like mask pattern of dots in a pattern in which the density of the pattern is decreases the farther away from the LED bar the pattern is, differentially coupling the light from the point source LED bar from the reflection panel into the flat acrylic panel so that illumination across the luminaire is substantially uniform.

Abstract: An illuminating device includes one or more light sources that output light, a translucent light guide member having one or more side surfaces and a light output surface, and a lens sheet positioned over the light output surface of the light guide member and including a first array of lenses and a second array of lenses extended in directions intersecting each other. The light source is positioned to have an optical axis substantially in agreement with a normal direction of the side surface of the translucent light guide member, and the first array or the second array of the lenses which is extended in a direction substantially orthogonal to the optical axis of the light source has a surface area in a range of from 20% to 50% with respect to a total surface area of the first and second arrays of the lenses.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an LED, a liquid crystal panel, a light guide plate, a chassis, a frame, a board attachment member, an LED board, and a holding member. The chassis is arranged on an opposite side of the light guide plate from the liquid crystal panel. The frame is arranged on a display surface side of the liquid crystal panel and in contact with the chassis. The frame and the chassis hold the liquid crystal panel, the LED, and the light guide plate therebetween. The board attachment member is mounted on the chassis and spaced apart from the frame. The LED board is in contact with the board attachment member and includes the LED mounted on a plate surface thereof. The holding member sandwiches the board attachment member and the LED board so as to hold the LED board to the board attachment member.

Abstract: Discussed are a liquid crystal display device and an assembly method thereof, which are capable of reducing, as much as possible, the width of a bezel defining an outer appearance of the liquid crystal display device through variation of an assembly structure of a liquid crystal panel and a backlight unit and variation in the size of the backlight unit. The liquid crystal display device can include a backlight unit including a plurality of light sources, a light source holder, and a light guide plate, and a liquid crystal panel arranged at a front side of the backlight unit and fixed to the backlight unit by an adhesive material.

Abstract: An optical fiber with a low-index core and a core grating has a solid and generally cylindrical annular cladding having a refractive index ncl, a central axis, an inner surface with a radius r wherein r?2 ?m, an outer surface with a radius R, and an annular thickness ?R?10 ?m. The fiber core has the radius r and a refractive index nc, wherein ncl>nc. The grating is defined by grating elements that extend from the cladding inner surface into the core and that run generally parallel to the central axis. The grating elements define a period ?, a width t, a spacing a and a height h, wherein 0.5<?/?<1 and wherein 0.2?t/a?3.

Abstract: A method for determining the physical location of a fiber optic channel in a fiber optic cable comprises the steps of a) providing at least one location key having a known physical location, b) establishing the location of the location key with respect to the fiber optic channel, and c) using the location information established in step b) to determine the physical location of the channel. The location key may comprises an acoustic source, a section of fiber optic cable that is acoustically masked, or at least one magnetic field source and step b) comprises using a Lorentz force to establish the location of the magnetic field source with respect to the fiber optic channel.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor device includes a silicon oxide layer configured to be formed on a substrate; an optical waveguide part configured to be formed on the silicon oxide layer; a cladding layer configured to be formed covering the optical waveguide part; and a semiconductor laser configured to be disposed on the substrate. Laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser enters the optical waveguide part. The optical waveguide part increases transmittance of light when the wavelength becomes greater within an oscillation wavelength range of the semiconductor laser.

Abstract: An optical device includes: an optical integrated circuit chip that comprises an optical integrated circuit and an optical interface connected thereto; an electronic circuit chip that comprises an electronic circuit connected to the optical integrated circuit; a through wiring board that comprises a through wiring connected to the electronic circuit chip; a first bump that connects the optical integrated circuit and the electronic circuit between the optical integrated circuit chip and the electronic circuit chip; a second bump that connects the electronic circuit and the through wiring between the electronic circuit chip and the through wiring board; and a third bump connected to an end portion on an opposite side to the second bump of the through wiring. The optical integrated circuit chip and the through wiring board are disposed on a side of a first main surface of the electronic circuit chip.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor device includes a substrate including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion; a first waveguide provided on the first portion, the first waveguide including a base portion and a ridge portion provided on the base portion, the base portion containing a first core layer; a second waveguide provided on the second portion, the second waveguide including a first stripe-shaped mesa containing a second core layer; and a third waveguide provided on the third portion, the third waveguide including a second stripe-shaped mesa containing a third core layer. The first stripe-shaped mesa is connected to the base portion and the ridge portion. The first stripe-shaped mesa is connected to the second stripe-shaped mesa. The second core layer is formed integrally with the first core layer. The third core layer is joined to the second core layer by a butt-joint method.

Abstract: Provided is a waveguide-type polarization beam splitter in which deterioration of a polarization extinction ratio due to temperature change and wavelength change is suppressed. A groove is formed to extend across a pair of optical waveguide arms and two quarter wave plates are provided in the groove to extend respectively across the arms. Polarization axes of the quarter wave plates are orthogonal to each other. A first optical coupler which gives a phase difference of 0° or 180° between coupled or split light beams and a second optical coupler which gives a phase difference of 90° or ?90° between coupled or split light beams are used in combination.