Abstract: A laminated flat mop head which includes a flat foam layer laminated with a fabric material without using glue or adhesive.

Abstract: A multi-purpose spray-like finish coating applicator tool comprising a rigid flat base member having a first surface and a second surface, a handle extending from the second surface of the rigid base member and a plurality of electrostatically flocked fibers each having a length of less than 0.150 inches located on the first surface of the base member with the flocked fibers forming a shed-resistant high-density layer of non-woven precision cut flocked fibers, the layer of non-woven precision cut flocked fibers distributing at least 1,000 square feet per gallon of coating materials to a non-floor coating surface to provide for a spray-like finish without the environmental hazard of atomizing solvent and chemical and fumes involved with traditional sprayer applicators.

Abstract: A dishwasher includes a tub configured to define a washing space, a rack provided in the tub to provide a space where washing objects are held, a spray arm provided in the tub and located under the rack to spray wash water to the rack, and a noise shield provided between the spray arm and a bottom surface of the tub to reduce a kinetic energy of the wash water falling from above the spray arm toward the bottom surface of the tub.

Abstract: A pump assembly having a drive module with a stator, a rotor held on a shaft so as to be rotatable relative to the stator, and a housing that circumferentially encloses a portion of the stator. An impeller is held on the shaft, and a hydraulic unit has an intake port through which liquid can be delivered to the impeller. An adapter is connected to the drive module on one side and to the hydraulic unit on the other side. A can body extends between the rotor and the stator of the drive module and encloses the rotor on an end face facing away from the impeller. A can flange adjoins the can body on a side facing the impeller and projects radially outward from the can body. A tubular section circumferentially encloses the impeller at least in part and delimits a pump chamber containing the impeller.

Abstract: A rack for dishwashers, in particular for commercial dishwashers, is provided. With the aim of making optimum use of space in the rack, and of discharging residual water as best as possible, it is proposed, that the rack has a rack framework (20) with two directly adjacent set-down surfaces (SI, S2) which are intended for washware (10) and run parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the rack, wherein the set-down surfaces (S) are inclined in relation to the horizontal such that the surface normals (F1, F2) of the set-down surfaces (S 1, S2) diverge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a support device for holding dishing goods in a dishwasher comprising at least one basket. The support device comprises: support means for arranging the support device on the at least one basket; and holding means for holding the dishing goods in a position vertically displaced from the basket. The present invention furthermore relates to a dishwasher comprising the support device according to the invention. The invention furthermore relates to a dishwasher comprising said support device.

Abstract: A surgical controlling system comprising: a location estimating means to real-time locate the 3D spatial position of surgical tools, a movement detection means and movement database in communication with the location estimating means and with a control database and controller to control the position of surgical tools. The movement database stores 3D spatial positions of the surgical tools at the present time and at at least one previous time; movement has occurred if a present position is different from a previous position. In the control database are rules identifying tool movement as allowed or restricted, selected from: most used tool rule, right or left tool rule, field of view rule, no fly zone rule, route rule, environmental rule, operator input rule, proximity rule, collision prevention rule, history-based rule, tool-dependent allowed and restricted movement rule, preferred volume zone, preferred tool, movement detection rule, tagged tool rule, and change of speed rule.

Abstract: A surgical controlling system comprising: means to real-time locate the 3D spatial position of at least one surgical tool insertable into a surgical environment of a body, in communication with a movement detection means and a movement database; and a controller in communication with a controller database and the movement detection means. The movement database stores 3D spatial positions of surgical tools at times tf and t0; it has moved if its 3D spatial position at time tf differs from that at time t0. Rules stored in the controller database determine ALLOWED and RESTRICTED movements of surgical tools and are used to control the surgical tools' spatial positions. Rules include: most used tool, right tool, left tool, field of view, no fly zone, route, environmental, operator input, proximity, collision prevention, history-based, tool-dependent ALLOWED and RESTRICTED movement, preferred volume zone, preferred tool, movement detection, tagged tool, and change of speed rules.

Abstract: A surgical controlling system comprising: at least one surgical tool insertable into a surgical environment of a body; a means to real-time locate 3D spatial positions of the surgical tools at any time t, in communication with a movement detection means and a movement database; a controller having a processing means in communication with a controller database and the movement detection means; and an endoscope, either one of the tools or in addition to them, to provide a real-time image of the surgical environment. The movement database stores the 3D spatial positions of the surgical tools at times tf and t0. A surgical tool has moved if its 3D spatial position at time tf differs from its position at time to. The controller database stores rules used by the controller to control the spatial positions of the surgical tools; the rules determine ALLOWED and RESTRICTED movements of the surgical tools.

Abstract: A first signal ratio (?log(B/G)) between a B image signal and a G image signal is calculated. A second signal ratio (?log(G/R)) between the G image signal and an R image signal is calculated. A difference between first and second signal ratios in a first area and first and second signal ratios in a second area is increased to enhance a color difference between normal mucosa and an abnormal region (an atrophic mucosal region and a deep blood vessel region). An image after enhancing the color difference is displayed on a monitor.

Abstract: A first signal ratio (?log(B/G)) between a B image signal and a G image signal is calculated. A second signal ratio (?log(G/R)) between the G image signal and an R image signal is calculated. A difference between first and second signal ratios in a first area and first and second signal ratios in a specific area is increased to enhance a color difference between normal mucosa and an abnormal region (an atrophic mucosal region and a deep blood vessel region). The color difference between the normal mucosa and the abnormal region in a case where at least one of the RGB image signals is a narrowband image signal is greater than the color difference in a case where all of the RGB image signals are broadband image signals.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus includes an inserting section, a reference unit, a connecting member, and a first shape sensor. The inserting section is inserted into an insertion target. The reference unit is disposed outside the insertion target. The connecting member includes a movable section configured to move continuously and connects the inserting section and the reference unit. The first shape sensor detects a shape of the connecting member with respect to the reference unit by detecting a movable amount of the connecting member.

Abstract: An endoscope including: a tubular flexible member; a bending portion fixing rigid portion; and a bending portion end fixing portion, in which the bending portion includes a bending portion end small-diameter portion, and an outer diameter of a covering portion which configures the bending portion end fixing portion is smaller than an outer diameter of a bending portion fixing rigid portion-side end portion and an outer diameter of an end portion of a middle tube portion of the tubular flexible member.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes an endoscope, a display device, and a cable interconnecting the endoscope and the display device. The endoscope includes an elongated body extending distally from a handle. An image sensor is disposed within a distal portion of the elongated body, a lens is disposed at a distal end of the elongated body, and a light source including one or more light emitting elements is integrated into the distal end of the elongated body and positioned radially outward of the lens. An integrated processor is disposed within the handle.

Abstract: An endoscope including: a flexible portion having an elastic hose; at least one rigid portion having at least at one end adjoined to the flexible portion at an end area, the at least one end being enclosed by the elastic hose; and a clamping device disposed over the elastic hose at the end area to sealingly clamp the flexible portion to the at least one rigid portion by applying a radial force to the end area, the clamping device including a loop member which is made of metal and which winds around the hose with at least two windings, and in which at least the two windings are welded to one another.

Abstract: A master-slave system including: a slave device that includes an observation optical system and a treatment portion that protrudes from a surface on which the observation optical system is provided; a master device that includes a handle that is supported so as to be capable of rotating about a predetermined axis and a treatment manipulation portion; a control portion that associates rotation of the handle with rotation of the slave device about an axis intersecting the surface and that associates manipulation of the treatment manipulation portion with movement of the treatment portion; an image processing portion that generates a corrected image obtained by rotating an image of a subject and the treatment portion acquired by the observation optical system by a rotation angle of the slave device; and a monitor that displays the corrected image.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscope system provided with an endoscope main unit including a shaft, an operating portion, and an image-acquisition unit; an arm that supports the main unit and that can change the attitude and the position of the main unit by using a plurality of joint portions; a memory that records angle information of the respective joint portions; a CPU; and a mode-switching switch that switches between a recording operating mode and an automatic operating mode, wherein, in the case in which operating mode is switched to the automatic operating mode from the recording operating mode, the CPU reproduces changes in the rotating angles of the respective joint portions in time-series in reverse order based on the angle information recorded in the memory in the recording operating mode, thus returning the attitude and the position of the main unit to the initial state of the recording operating mode.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems and methods for intravascular imaging. Some systems may be configured to generate a screening image of a section of a patient's vessel, identify one or more sub-sections of the screening image that each include a diagnostically significant characteristic of the vessel, and imaging the one or more sub-sections. Some systems may be configured to automatically identify the one or more sub-sections and/or to allow a user to manually identify the one or more sub-sections. Some systems may be configured to automatically image the one or more sub-sections after the one or more sub-sections are identified. In some examples, the system may be configured to displace blood during imaging of the sub-sections to enhance image quality. The system may be configured to minimize the period of time blood is displaced by synchronizing imaging and blood displacement.

Abstract: A medical device is disclosed which connects an overactive tissue suffering from positional displacement in a living body to a less active tissue having a range of movement smaller than that of the overactive tissue to correct the positional displacement. The medical device can include an elongated insertion tool including an observation portion configured to observe a distal end side of the medical device using an imaging device, and a guide portion configured to guide a treatment tool, which is to be used to carry out treatment for the less active tissue, to the proximity of the less active tissue, the insertion tool having a dissection function for dissecting a biological tissue when the insertion tool is inserted into the living body from the outside of the living body and advances toward the less active tissue in the living body.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscope system including a light source device that outputs signal light that penetrates tissue within a living body; a narrow medical instrument that is inserted into a blood vessel and whose distal end has an emission window from which the signal light supplied from the light source device is emitted; an endoscope that is inserted into the living body and has an imager, which obtains an optical image by acquiring an image of the living body, and a detector, which detects the signal light emitted from the emission window; and an image processor that generates a composite image by combining the optical image with a marker that indicates a position of the signal light.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for identifying microbiological constituents in the middle ear. A spectrometer receives Raman-scattered light from the region of the tympanic membrane and resolves spectral features of the Raman-scattered light. A processor receives the interferometry signal and the Raman signal, and generates a Raman spectrum of the tympanic membrane and material adjacent thereto. In some embodiments of the invention, low-coherence light and substantially monochromatic excitation light are directed onto a tympanic membrane of the ear of a person via an otoscopic tip that abuts the ear canal. An interferometer combines scattered low-coherence light from the ear tissue with a reference signal to generate an interferometric signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical needle which comprises an elongate tube and at least one optical fiber, e.g. two fibers, arranged within the elongate tube, for making optical measurements at the distal end of the needle. The optical fibers(s) has a beveled distal end surface, wherein a plane touching the beveled distal end surface and a longitudinal extension axis of the optical fiber forms a bevel angle which is 30°-35°. Such needle is advantageous for providing a medical needle which is reliable and long term stable, can be manufactured in low cost using known optical fiber materials, thus allowing it to form part of disposable medical kits. Still, the bevel angle of 30°-35° provides a needle which is easy to insert and which provides a low tendency to cause tissue sticking. Especially, the elongate tube and the optical fiber end(s) have the same beveled angle within the range 30°-35°, thus allowing a smooth front surface of the needle.

Abstract: Apparatus, including a guidewire having a distal end, that is configured to be inserted into proximity with a nasal sinus of a patient, the guidewire having a lumen. The apparatus also includes an optic fiber, traversing the lumen, configured to illuminate the distal end, and a coil, wound around the optic fiber and located within the lumen at the distal end, configured to generate a signal in response to a magnetic field interacting with the coil. A processor is configured to receive the signal and to evaluate a location of the distal end in response to the signal.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an insertion portion; a first distal end face that can receive light from an observed body; an opening that opens near the first distal end face; a treatment instrument insertion channel communicating with the opening and inserted into the insertion portion; a first detection fiber that transmits light received by the first distal end face; a second distal end face that can receive the light from the observed body and that is different from the first distal end face; a second detection fiber that can be inserted into a conduit and that transmits the light received by the second distal end face; and a merging portion where the light transmitted by the first detection fiber and the light guided by the second detection fiber merge.

Abstract: An endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus includes: a cleaning/disinfecting tank, a lid portion, an accommodation detecting section, an opening/closing detecting section, a cleaning/disinfecting section, a cleaning/disinfection detecting section, an informing section, a judging section judging a case where the opening/closing detecting section detects a closed state of the lid portion before the cleaning/disinfection detecting section detecting driving of the cleaning/disinfecting section after the accommodation detecting section detecting that an endoscope is accommodated in the cleaning/disinfecting tank as a first closed state; and a control section performing control of driving the informing section to issue a warning when the opening/closing detecting section detects an opened state of the lid portion before the cleaning/disinfection detecting section detecting driving of the cleaning/disinfecting section after the judging section detecting the first closed state.

Abstract: A fundus imaging apparatus includes an imaging unit that captures images of a plurality of regions of a fundus of a subject's eye, an initial value determination unit that determines an initial value of an aberration correction value of a target region based on an aberration correction value of at least one calculated region having a calculated aberration correction value from among the plurality of regions, a measurement unit that measures an aberration of the target region based on the initial value, a calculation unit that calculates an aberration correction value of the target region based on a measurement result of the measurement unit, and an aberration correction unit that corrects the aberration of the target region using the aberration correction value of the target region.

Abstract: For the pre-operative calculation of the power of an intraocular lens, three input parameters are needed: the axial length of the eye (AL), the refractive power of the cornea, and the distance between the front of the cornea and the back focal plane of the intraocular lens, the so-called effective lens position (ELP).

Abstract: In an OCT apparatus for obtaining a tomogram using optical interference between signal light and reference light, a first distance between a specific image and a coherence gate is obtained from a first tomogram obtained by imaging. The coherence gate is moved by a set moving distance along a predetermined moving direction. The positional relationship between the specific image and the coherence gate is determined based on the position of the specific image in a second tomogram obtained by imaging after movement of the coherence gate and the position of the specific image in the first tomogram.

Abstract: An eye surgery system 1 comprises microscopy optics 3 and an OCT device 5 to generate a light-optical image and an OCT image of an eye fundus 11, a controller 29 and a visualization system 13, 41, 83. The controller comprises a data interface 97 for receiving a preoperative OCT image and may control the visualization system to display a representation of the received preoperative OCT image. The controller may control the OCT device 5 to record an intraoperative OCT image and may control the visualization system to display a representation of the recorded intraoperative OCT image. The controller may adjust a magnification of the representation of the intraoperative OCT image and/or a magnification of the representation of the preoperative OCT image so that the magnifications of the representation of the intraoperative OCT image and the magnification of the representation of the preoperative OCT image are equal.

Abstract: A portable eye reflex measuring device for use in an ambulatory occupational environment is disclosed. The eye reflex measuring device compares data from an eye movement detector with data from a head movement detector at a frequency or frequencies in the range of 0.01 Hertz to 15 Hertz to determine eye response to head movement. The gain and phase of the eye response is calculated using a Fourier transform. The device includes a central processing unit for receiving the eye movement data, for receiving the head movement data, and for calculating the Fourier transform. Typical human physiological conditions that can be measured can include vestibulo-ocular reflex, dynamic visual acuity, dynamic visual stability, or retinal image stability.

Abstract: An eye imaging apparatus can include a housing, an optical imaging system in the housing, and a light source in the housing to illuminate an eye. The optical imaging system can include an optical window at a front end of the housing with a concave front surface for receiving the eye as well as an imaging lens disposed rearward the optical window. The apparatus can comprise a light conditioning element configured to receive light from the light source and direct said light to the eye. The apparatus can further include an image sensor in the housing disposed to receive an image of the eye from the optical imaging system. In various embodiments, light conditioning element includes at least one multi-segment surface. In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one hermitic seal, for example, with the optical window. In some embodiments, time sequential illumination is employed.

Abstract: Continuous pressure sensing is important for patients with several different conditions. We provide an implantable sensor, based on microfluidic principles, which in one example has 1 mmHg limit of detection, high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility. This sensor has an optical interface, which enables pressure to be read with, for example, a cell phone camera. The design and fabrication, along with the option of self-monitoring are promising steps toward better patient care and treatment.

Abstract: A method and system for translating two dimensional (2D) mapping into a three dimensional (3D) derived model. The method and system receive electrical measurements from a plurality of electrodes of the basket catheter of an anatomical region of interest. The method and system receive a 2D map grid based on the electrodes and corresponding spines of the basket catheter. The 2D map grid includes a location of at least one focus of an arrhythmic rotor. Further, the method and system generate a 3D derived model of the anatomical region of interest that includes the basket catheter and display a 3D location of the focus the arrhythmic rotor on the 3D derived model based on the 2D map grid.

Abstract: A method for mapping T1 in myocardium includes selecting a recovery delay from EKG signal data; imposing a saturation pulse on the myocardium; waiting the recovery delay; and acquiring bSSFP data after the recovery delay.

Abstract: A handheld optical coherence tomography imaging and tissue sampling system and method of imaging and sampling a tissue is disclosed. The method includes inserting a catheter probe into a biopsy needle. The biopsy needle can be attached to a hand-held scanning and sampling device. The biopsy needle is maneuvered to an investigation site. A three-dimensional image of the tissue at the investigation site is captured with the catheter probe.

Abstract: An image detection system for diagnosing a metabolic function and physiological status of a tissue or an organ having a fluorescent matter is provided. The image detection system includes a source emitting exciting light, a scan unit converting the exciting light into a scan of the exciting light, a light-guiding unit including an object lens, a splitter unit, and a detection unit. The splitter unit directs the scan of the exciting light to enter a tissue having a fluorescent matter such that the fluorescent matter in the tissue is excited by the scan of the exciting light and emits fluorescence light, whereby a layer of the tissue is scanned by the scan of the exciting light. The splitter unit directs the fluorescence light emitted from the tissue to the detection unit for processing so as to generate a fluorescent image of the layer of the tissue.

Abstract: A fluorescence observation apparatus including a light source configured to irradiate an object with white light and excitation light; and a processor comprising hardware, wherein the processor is configured to implement: a fluorescence-image generating unit and a white-light-image generating unit configured to generate a fluorescence image G2 and a color white-light image, respectively; a condition setting unit configured to set weights individually for multiple color component images constituting the white-light image; and a combining unit configured to combine at least one color component image to which the fluorescence image has been added and the other color component images while applying the weights, and the condition setting unit configured to set the weights based on the color component images such that the weight for the color component image to which the fluorescence image is added is greater than the weights for the other color component images.

Abstract: Systems and methods of forming optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of tissue near a cavity of subject are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method of forming an image includes transmitting light pulses toward a region of interest near the cavity and receiving light backscattered from the region of interest using an imaging probe. The imaging probe includes a nosepiece configured to be at least partially received into the cavity. An image of the region of interest is formed using the backscattered light received from the region of interest.

Abstract: A medical imaging system for identifying a target structure (TS), e.g. a tumor, in a biological tissue. A hyperspectral camera system is used for imaging a surface area (A1) of the tissue (BT), e.g. with a limited spectral resolution, but enough to allow identification of suspicious areas where the target structure (TS) may be, e.g. such areas can be visually indicated on a display to the operator. A probe (PR), e.g. an optical surface probe, is used to provide probe measurement of a smaller surface area (A2) of the tissue, but with more information indicative of the target structure. The probe is selected to provide a higher specificity with respect to identification of the target structure than the hyperspectral camera (HSC). The hyperspectral processing algorithm (PP) is then calibrated based on probe measurement data performed within the suspicious areas, thus providing a calibrated hyperspectral processing algorithm resulting in images with an enhanced sensitivity to identify the target structure.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic imaging device is provided having a transmitter configured to provide an electromagnetic transmit signal (e.g. a continuous sinusoidal signal) to an object being imaged. The transmit signal is a modulated continuous-wave signal based on a carrier frequency signal fc modulated at a modulation frequency at or near fm. The detector is further configured to receive an acoustic signal from the object being imaged, and is responsive to acoustic frequencies at or near 2fm. A non-linear thermoacoustic effect in the object being imaged generates the acoustic signal from the object being imaged. Spectroscopic maps could be generated and imaged object could be analyzed. The device enhances signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed image and reduces the requirement of peak power in thermoacoustic imaging systems. In addition, the generated pressure of the imaged object is separated from microwave leakage and feedthrough in frequency through the nonlinear thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: An imaging guidewire can include one or more optical fibers communicating light along the guidewire. At or near its distal end, one or more blazed or other fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) directs light to a photoacoustic transducer material that provides ultrasonic imaging energy. Returned ultrasound is sensed by an FBG sensor. A responsive signal is optically communicated to the proximal end of the guidewire, and processed to develop a 2D or 3D image. In one example, the guidewire outer diameter is small enough such that an intravascular catheter can be passed over the guidewire. Techniques for improving ultrasound reception include using a high compliance material, resonating the ultrasound sensing transducer, using an attenuation-reducing coating and/or thickness, and/or using optical wavelength discrimination. Techniques for improving the ultrasound generating transducer include using a blazed FBG, designing the photoacoustic material thickness to enhance optical absorption.

Abstract: An attachable monitoring device includes a battery unit, a wiring board unit and a physical condition sensor and an adhesive. The battery unit includes a top surface, a bottom surface and a plurality of side surfaces connecting the top surface and the bottom surface. The wiring board unit covers the top surface, the bottom surface and one of the side surfaces and electrically connected to the battery unit. The wiring board unit includes a printed antenna printed on a first outer surface of the wiring board unit. The physical condition sensor is disposed on a second outer surface of the wiring board unit opposite to the first outer surface. The physical condition sensor includes a sensing region for contacting a user to detecting a physical-condition signal of the user. The adhesive is disposed on the wiring board unit for being attached to the user.

Abstract: A personal health device includes multiple photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors, multiple electrodes and a processing circuit. The PPG sensors are configured for sensing multiple PPG signals. The electrodes are configured for sensing multiple skin voltages. The processing circuit is coupled to the PPG sensors and the electrodes and configured for estimating an ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) according to the PPG signals and the skin voltages.

Abstract: A system for maintaining permissive hypotension in a patient includes monitoring of blood perfusion and pressure, combining blood perfusion and pressure data to determine systolic blood pressure, monitoring for detection of systolic blood pressure below a critical threshold value, and providing an alert to perfusion options to maintain permissive hypotension. The system may be adapted to adjust the critical threshold value for systolic blood pressure as treatment progresses.

Abstract: A wearable lactic threshold and entrainment exercise device (LTEExD) is described herein. LTEExD may assist subjects in improving athletic performance. Users adjusting their exercise regimen in real-time with the assistance of LTEExD often exercise more efficiently and perceive exertional status as feeling like a ‘second wind’. LTEExD collects physiologic data, and uses a signal analyzer to convert the data from the time domain to the frequency domain primarily utilizing fast fourier transform based spectral analysis to accurately determine certain physical variables. Variables are determined, integrated, and compared by the signal analyzer to determine whether lactic threshold has been reached and/or entrainment has occurred.

Abstract: A blood flow index calculating method includes: obtaining, by a camera, an image capturing a first site of a living body and a second site of the living body; extracting an area of the first site of the living body and an area of the second site of the living body, by a processor; detecting a pulse wave pattern of the first site of the living body from the area of the first site of the living body and detecting a pulse wave pattern of the second site of the living body from the area of the second site of the living body, by the processor; first calculating a delay amount from the pulse wave pattern of the first site and the pulse wave pattern of the second site, by the processor; and second calculating an index related to blood flow by using the delay amount, by the processor.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for visually depicting a vessel and evaluating treatment options are disclosed. The methods can include introducing instruments into the vessel of a patient and obtaining proximal and distal pressure measurements of a stenosis of the vessel, calculating a pressure ratio based on the obtained proximal and distal pressure measurements, applying a correlation factor to the calculated pressure ratio to produce a predicted diagnostic pressure ratio, and displaying the predicted diagnostic pressure ratio to a user.

Abstract: The invention features a combined sphygmomanometer and a return electrode strip affixed within the sphygmomanometer's cuff. The return electrode strips sen es as a dedicated return ground for an electrosurgical device. The invention also contemplates use of one or more return electrodes positioned on the inner cuff of the sphygmomanometer and features their respective connection(s) with one or more respective electrosurgical device(s).

Abstract: A biological information processing system includes a pulse wave information acquisition unit which acquires pulse wave information of a user, and a processing unit which determines the sleep state of the user based on the pulse wave information. The processing unit obtains index information relating to an arousal state during sleep based on the pulse wave information.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method, a system, a computer program and a device for determining the surface charge and/or dipole densities on heart walls. Using the foregoing, a table of dipole densities ?(P?, t) and/or a table of surface charge densities ?(P?, t) of a given heart chamber can be generated.