Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product as well as process and an apparatus for making the product. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product as well as process and an apparatus for producing the product. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product as well as process and an apparatus for making the product. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product along with a process and an apparatus for strengthening a glass sheet are provided. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product along with a process and an apparatus for strengthening a glass sheet are provided. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product along with a process and an apparatus for strengthening a glass sheet are provided. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing transparent workpieces for separation. The method includes generating aligned filament formations extending transversely through the workpiece along an intended breaking line using ultra-short laser pulses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for trimming a float glass strip that has a normal or structured surface, comprising the following features: a) a cutting slide having a lower running rail and a cutting slide having an upper running rail for a bottom cut for a structured surface or a top cut for a normal surface, wherein both running rails are arranged at an acute angle to the running direction of the glass strip and this angled position can be adjusted; b) a number of counter pressure rollers for the lower cutting slide c) a hold-down apparatus (6) having a breaking roller (20) and a front hold-down roller (21) for a bottom cut; d) a hold-down apparatus having a breaking roller (14) and a rear hold-down roller (18) for a top cut; e) apparatuses (10, 11, 12) for measuring the advance: speed of the glass strip (11) and the current length of the glass strip.

Abstract: Coating film-attached glass includes: glass containing a coloring component; and a colored coating film formed on one major surface of the glass, wherein at least one of an absolute value of a difference between (?a*(D65?F2)) of the glass and (?a*(D65?F2)) of the coating film and an absolute value of a difference between (?a*(A?F2)) of the glass and (?a*(A?F2)) of the coating film is 0.2 or more, where (?a*(D65?F2)) is a difference between a chromaticity a* value of reflected light by a D65 light source and a chromaticity a* value of reflected light by an F2 light source in an L*a*b* color system and (?a*(A?F2)) is a difference between a chromaticity a* value of reflected light by an A light source and the chromaticity a* value of the reflected light by the F2 light source in the L*a*b* color system.

Abstract: An insulating layer forming material and an insulating layer forming paste capable of forming an insulating layer on a metallic substrate without the filler and glass reacting or warpage occurring even when repeatedly fired at 850° C. or higher are provided. The insulating layer forming material containing a lead-free glass composition and an ?-quartz filler contains 17.0-40.0 wt. % of the ?-quartz filler and 60.0-83.0 wt. % of the lead-free glass composition. The ?-quartz filler has an average particle diameter (D50) of 1.0-3.5 ?m and a specific surface area of 2.5-6.5 m2/g. The lead-free glass composition includes no B2O3 and comprises a composition, in mol %, of 40.0-60.0% SiO2, 0.5-10.0% Al2O3, 20.0-45.0% MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, 5.0-23.0% ZnO, and 0-10.0% Li2O+Na2O+K2O.

Abstract: An electric arc apparatus for processing an optical fiber includes one or more first electrodes and one or more second electrodes. The first electrode(s) each have an end portion that terminates at an opening defined by the first electrode(s). The opening is configured to accommodate the optical fiber extending along a longitudinal axis. The second electrode(s) each have an end portion that terminates at a location spaced from the opening defined by the first electrode(s). The first electrode(s) or second electrode(s) are configured to receive a voltage that generates a plasma field between the first electrode(s) and second electrode(s), which are shaped to focus the plasma field so that the plasma field extends across the longitudinal axis and modifies the end of the optical fiber. Methods of processing an optical fiber with an electric arc apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A coated glass pane comprising at least the following layers: a glass substrate; and at least one absorbing layer based on at least one metal silicide and/or metal silicide nitride wherein the at least one absorbing layer is embedded between and contacts two layers based on an (oxi) nitride of Si and/or an (oxi) nitride of Al and/or alloys thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solar control glass panel comprising, on at least one of the surfaces of a glass substrate, a multilayer stack including at least one solar radiation absorption layer, and dielectric coatings surrounding said solar radiation absorption layer. According to the invention, the solar radiation absorption layer is a metal alloy layer made from zirconium and chromium. The multilayer stack includes, between the substrate and the solar radiation absorption layer, as well as on top of the solar radiation absorption layer, at least one coating made of a dielectric material made from a compound selected from among silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, mixed aluminum/silicon nitrides, silicon oxynitride, and aluminum oxynitride. The invention is particularly useful as a motor vehicle glass panel, particularly for the roof, as a building glass panel, or as a household stove door.

Abstract: Equipment and manufacturing processes allow for strengthened glass or glass ceramic articles having unique stress profiles, such as high negative tensile stresses and steep tensile stress curves with respect to depth, in strengthened glass or glass ceramic articles that are thin and/or have large-area structures for a given degree of thermal temping.

Abstract: A strengthened glass sheet product along with a process and an apparatus for strengthening a glass sheet are provided. The process comprises cooling the glass sheet by non-contact thermal conduction for sufficiently long to fix a surface compression and central tension of the sheet. The process results in thermally strengthened glass sheets having improved breakage properties.

Abstract: A process for producing a phase separation glass film including a film formation step of forming a film including glass powder on both faces of a substrate, and a baking step of baking the film to form a phase separation glass film on both faces of the substrate simultaneously. The baking step is performed in a state in which the substrate is disposed such that an in-plane direction of the substrate is perpendicular to a gravitational direction by supporting the substrate at a portion where the film is not formed. In the baking step, a member having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the substrate is disposed below the substrate so as not to be in contact with the film.

Abstract: A product is provided that includes a volume-colored monolithic glass or glass ceramic element and to a method for producing same. The glass or glass ceramic element has a first region in which the coloration is modified so that light transmission of the first region differs from light transmission of a second, adjacent region. The light scattering in the region of modified coloration in the glass or glass ceramic remains the same as light scattering in the second, adjacent region with non-modified light transmission.

Abstract: A new phosphorus-doped sulfo-belite-based clinker, a method for preparing this clinker, as well as the use of the clinker for preparing a hydraulic binder and, later on, grout, concrete or mortar.

Abstract: The invention provides novel carbonatable calcium silicate compositions and carbonatable calcium silicate phases that are made from widely available, low cost raw materials by a process suitable for large-scale production. The method of the invention is flexible in equipment and production requirements and is readily adaptable to manufacturing facilities of conventional cement. The invention offers an exceptional capability to permanently and safely sequesters CO2.

Abstract: Coal is combusted in the presence of a clay additive and a slag additive to produce a combustion product that is useful as a pozzolanic additive for cement. The combustion process may be performed in a coal-fired boiler of an electrical power generation plant, resulting in improved operational efficiency and controlled emissions.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a polycarboxylic acid polymer for blending in cement for a cement composition superior both in dispersion and dispersibility-retention.

Abstract: The use of a binder system comprising compounds containing aluminium oxide and silicon oxide for producing a hydrophilic building product, characterized in that the sum of the oxides calculated as Al2O3 and SiO2 in the binder system is ?40% by weight, based on the water-free binder system, and the contact angle of an oil drop placed on the surface of the cured building product is ?90°, where the contact angle determination is carried out under water, is proposed. The said hydrophilicity makes the building product easy to clean, with simple rinsing with water often being sufficient.

Abstract: A gypsum composition including calcined gypsum, water, and a foaming agent composition which comprises at least one betaine, either alone or in combination with at least one alkyl sulfate and/or at least one alkyl ether sulfate, is disclosed. The gypsum composition can be used to prepare foamed gypsum wallboard.

Abstract: Slurry and tape compositions include particles of a precursor that converts to a ceramic material when heated to a firing temperature, at least one binder that is capable of adhering the particles of the ceramic precursor together to form a pliable prepreg tape, at least one liquid plasticizer, and at least one solvent in which the binder is dissolved. The solvent may be sufficiently volatile to evaporate from the slurry composition during formation of the tape, yet the tape may also be pliable as a result of the slurry composition containing a sufficient amount of the liquid plasticizer.

Abstract: Provided is a growth supplement for efficient production of agricultural and livestock products, more specifically, a growth supplement for environment-friendly crop cultivation and livestock rearing to increase yields of crops and livestock, which is prepared by mixing specific amounts of antibiotic fruit juices, one or more sources of sugar, one or more sources of hydrogen carbonate, one or more sources of chloride ion and antifebrile vegetable juices depending on crops (species) and cultivation (livestock) conditions to feed the livestock or crops. The growth supplement is prepared by admixing and stirring antibiotic fruit juices in an amount of 2 to 10 parts by weight; the source of hydrogen carbonates in an amount of 1 to 4 parts by weight; the source of chloride ion in an amount of 1 to 4 parts by weight; and antifebrile vegetable juices in an amount of 2 to 8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by the source of sugar.

Abstract: A process for treating plants, including the application of at least one compound, termed carbonic ester of glycerol, including at least one carboxylic ester function formed by a carbonic acid-derived group and at least one glycerol-derived group, with the exception of cyclic glyceryl carbonate including five ring members.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polyurethane coating film that has improved water barrier properties combined with mechanical strength. According to embodiments, a polyurethane encapsulate includes a polyurethane film that is a reaction product of an aromatic isocyanate and a polyol, and the polyol includes a butylene oxide based polyether polyol in an amount of at least 35 wt % based on a total weight of the polyol. The polyurethane encapsulate further includes a particulate material that is enclosed by the polyurethane film.

Abstract: Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles or Ca-alginate-entrapped NZVI, are provided for use in environmental remediation, decontamination, and pollution control. When charged with a sorbed nutrient such as phosphate or selenium, they can be used as fertilizer.

Abstract: Energetic materials that are photoactive or believed to be photoactive may include a conventional explosive (e.g. PETN, nitroglycerine) derivatized with an energetic UV-absorbing and/or VIS-absorbing chromophore such as 1,2,4,5-tetrazine or 1,3,5-triazine. Absorption of laser light having a suitably chosen wavelength may result in photodissociation, decomposition, and explosive release of energy. These materials may be used as ligands to form complexes. Coordination compounds include such complexes with counterions. Some having the formula M(L)n2+ were synthesized, wherein M is a transition metal and L is a ligand and n is 2 or 3. These may be photoactive upon exposure to a laser light beam having an appropriate wavelength of UV light, near-IR and/or visible light. Photoactive materials also include coordination compounds bearing non-energetic ligands; in this case, the counterion may be an oxidant such as perchlorate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic composition.

Abstract: An energetic material comprising an elemental fuel, an oxidizer or other element, and a carbon nanofiller or carbon fiber rods, where the carbon nanofiller or carbon fiber rods are substantially homogeneously dispersed in the energetic material. Methods of tailoring the electrostatic discharge sensitivity of an energetic material are also disclosed. Energetic materials including the elemental fuel, the oxidizer or other element, and an additive are also disclosed, as are methods of reducing ignition sensitivity of the energetic material including the additive. The additive is combined with the elemental fuel and a metal oxide to form the energetic material. The energetic material is heated at a slow rate to render inert the energetic material to ignition while the energetic material remains ignitable when heated at a fast rate.

Abstract: A reactor includes a shell defining an interior, a plurality of baffles positioned in the interior of the reactor, and a fluid pathway defined between the plurality of baffles and extending between an inlet and an outlet. In some embodiments, the reactor has a degree of mixing of less than 0.2.

Abstract: MFI aluminosilicate molecular sieve catalysts are prepared from tetra-functional orthosilicates [e.g., Si(OR1)(OR2)(OR3)(OR4), wherein R1R2R3R4 is each independently a C1-10alkyl or aryl.] as the silicon source. Such catalysts are useful for hydrocarbon conversion reactions including isomerization of xylenes in C8 aromatics feed stocks to produce p-xylene. Advantageously, it has been found that the MFI aluminosilicate molecular sieve catalysts of the invention are more selective than conventional commercial MFI catalysts, resulting in reduced formation of transmethylation byproducts (C7 and C9 aromatics) while simultaneously providing a high degree of xylene isomerization.

Abstract: Processes for recovering paraxylene from at least two feedstreams containing xylene isomers. The process includes directing to a paraxylene recovery zone comprising at least one crystallization zone, a paraxylene-lean feedstream having a paraxylene to total xylene isomer ratio of 0.50 or less, and also directing to the paraxylene recovery zone, a paraxylene-rich feedstream having a paraxylene to total xylene isomer ratio of greater than 0.50. A paraxylene-containing product stream is recovered from the paraxylene recovery zone having a paraxylene to total xylene isomer ratio greater than that of the paraxylene-rich feedstream. The process provides improvements in paraxylene recovery efficiency and/or cost effectiveness.

Abstract: An azeotropic or quasi-azeotropic composition including hydrogen fluoride, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and one or more (hydro)halogen-carbon compounds including between 1 and 3 carbon atoms. Also, a preferred azeotropic or quasi-azeotropic composition comprising hydrogen fluoride, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and one or more compounds selected from among 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloropropene, E-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-chloropropene, trifluoropropyne, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropene and 2-chloro, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane.

Abstract: A method comprises introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a digester comprising a reactor, gas feed line, biomass feed system, fluid circulation system including a fluid inlet, a pump, and an injector, a screen positioned within the reactor and defining a lower zone therebelow, and a bed of reactor packing material resting on the screen and defining thereby a packed zone; providing a liquid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst in the digester, the catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; circulating the liquid phase digestion medium through the fluid circulation system; supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen through the cellulosic biomass solids; and maintaining the cellulosic biomass solids and slurry catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause digestion of cellulosic biomass solids into an alcoholic component.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for production of neopentyl glycol (NPG) from formaldehyde (FD) and isobutyraldehyde (IBD). FD and IBD first react to form hydroxypivaldehyde (HPD) in an aldol condensation step, then HPD is hydrogenated to form NPG in a hydrogenation step. The aldol condensation step is performed using a solid catalyst such as an ion exchange resin catalyst, which can be easily separated from the reaction product. The feed to the aldol condensation step is made homogeneous by adjusting the ratio of IBD, FD, and water in the feed or by adding a solvent that is miscible with both IBD and water. High purity NPG is recovered from the product of the hydrogenation step by a suitable method such as crystallization.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the selective hydrogenation of glycerol in the liquid phase to produce 1- and 2-propanols in high yields as the major organic products. The process comprises subjecting a glycerol stream having at least 30% by weight water to a combination of low pressure and high temperature hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a promoted or un-promoted skeletal copper catalyst.

Abstract: A process of purifying 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) from a fermentation broth including separating solid materials, salts and water, and subjecting the resulting material to a two, three or four column distillation system, that can include a wiped film evaporator to produce a purified 1,4-butanediol product.

Abstract: Processes for producing propylene glycol monoalkyl ether are described herein and include contacting propylene oxide and an alcohol in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkoxide catalyst to produce an alkoxylation mixture including propylene glycol monoalkyl ether; distilling the alkoxylation mixture to produce a first overhead stream including propylene oxide and the alcohol and a first bottoms stream including propylene glycol monoalkyl ether; distilling the first bottoms stream to produce a second overhead stream including purified propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and a second bottoms stream including heavier byproducts; further distilling the second bottoms stream to form a resulting bottoms stream including caustic and heavier byproducts; introducing an alkali metal borohydride into at least a portion of the resulting bottoms stream to form an alkali metal borohydride containing stream; and introducing the alkali metal borohydride containing stream into one or more distillations upstream

Abstract: A method for forming a blend of ethers from a blend of alcohols includes a step of reacting a hydrocarbon-containing gas with an oxygen-containing gas to form first product blend. The first product blend includes a blend of partially oxygenated compounds. The blend of partially oxygenated compounds is provided to a reactive distillation station where it is converted a second product blend. The second product blend typically includes a mixture of ethers. An apparatus implementing the method is also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a pharmaceutical preparation which improves penetration of active substances through the tissue membrane or barrier of the target organ.

Abstract: Bifunctional styrenated crosslinkable monomers are produced by functionalizing a linear chain diol with styrene, the linear chain diol being a diol with linear chain fluorinated segments or a linear chain hydrocarbon diol. Crosslinked polymers are produced by polymerizing the styrene-based comonomer with the bifunctional styrenated crosslinkable monomers. Polymer electrolyte membranes are produced from the crosslinked polymers. Crosslinking a bifunctional fluorinated monomer with a sulfonic acid bearing comonomer produces crosslinked polymers and membranes there from with very high acid content and strong polymer structure.

Abstract: Cyclododecanone (CDON) is prepared by epoxidizing cyclododecene (CDEN) to epoxycyclododecane (CDAN epoxide), and rearranging the CDAN epoxide to CDON to obtain a mixture comprising said CDON and cyclododecane (CDAN), wherein CDAN is separated from the CDON-containing mixture and oxidized to CDON.

Abstract: Cyclododecanone (CDON) is prepared by epoxidizing cyclododecene (CDEN) to epoxycyclododecane (CDAN epoxide), and rearranging the CDAN epoxide to CDON to obtain a mixture comprising said CDON and CDEN, wherein CDEN is separated from the CDON-containing mixture and sent to the epoxidation to CDAN epoxide in step a.

Abstract: A salt-splitting liquid (SSL) and a process that uses the SSL to “split” (alkyl)ammonium 3-hydroxypropionate salts into ammonia (or amines) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) that minimizes increases in viscosity and condensation reactions of the 3-HP. Converting (alkyl)ammonium 3-hydroxypropionate in an aqueous mixture to 3-HP includes admixing a polar aprotic organic solvent and an azeotroping solvent with the aqueous mixture. The azeotroping solvent forms an azeotrope mixture with water of the aqueous mixture. The SSL is heated to convert the (alkyl)ammonium 3-hydroxypropionate to 3-HP and ammonia, where heating produces a vapor phase containing at least water, ammonia and the azeotroping solvent. At least a portion of the water and the ammonia is removed from the vapor phase during the heating, and at least a portion of the azeotroping solvent is returned from the vapor phase back to SSL to maintain the azeotrope mixture with the water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparation of at least one of methacrylic acid and a methacrylic acid ester, comprising the process stepsgas phase oxidation of at least one C4 compound, quenching of the reaction phase, separation and purification of the obtained methacrylic acid and optionally esterification, wherein the C4 compound is a methacrolein comprising mixture, originating from at least two different methacrolein sources, a first methacrolein source being a feed stream obtained by the heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation of isobutylene or tert-butyl alcohol or isobutylaldehyde or a mixture of two or more thereof, a second methacrolein source being a feed stream obtained by the reaction of propionaldehyde with a C1 extending agent, preferably formaldehyde, and where said methacrolein can be obtained either completely from the first methacrolein source, or completely from the second methacrolein source or from any mixture of both.

Abstract: Methods for producing bio-terephthalic acid and bio-isophthalic acid. Methods comprise a cycloaddition reaction to produce bio-4-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, and bio-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic from bio-isoprene and bio-acrylic acid. An aromatization reaction produces bio-para-toluic acid and bio-meta-toluic acid from the bio-4-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, and bio-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic. An oxidation reaction produces the bio-terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid from the bio-para-toluic acid and bio-meta-toluic acid.

Abstract: A crude composition comprising a ketocarboxylic acid such as levulinic acid, derived from biomass in an aqueous phase comprising impurities, can be efficiently converted in high yield to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid, such as succinic acid, which can be purified and dried.