Abstract: A process for preparing acrylic acid from methanol and acetic acid, comprising (i) contacting a gaseous stream S0 comprising methanol, oxygen and inert gas with an oxidation catalyst to obtain a gaseous stream S1 comprising formaldehyde and inert gas; (ii) removing at least a portion of the inert gas present in S1 from at least a portion of the formaldehyde present in S1 by absorbing this formaldehyde in an absorbent to obtain a gaseous stream S2 comprising the portion of the inert gas removed, and to obtain a stream S3 comprising absorbent and absorbate comprising formaldehyde; (iii) optionally removing a portion or the entirety of the absorbent present in stream S3, such that a stream S3a remains from stream S3, and producing a stream S4 from at least stream S3 or stream S3a and a stream S5 comprising acetic acid; and (iv) contacting stream S4 in gaseous form with an aldol condensation catalyst to obtain a gaseous stream S6 comprising acrylic acid.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of 1,8-octanedioic acid comprises: reacting gamma-valerolactone with an alcohol in the presence of an acid or a base catalyst to provide an alkyl pentenoate, converting the alkyl pentenoate in the presence of a metathesis initiator to provide the dialkyl octenedioate, reacting the dialkyl octenedioate with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to provide a dialkyl 1,8-octanedioate and hydrolyzing the dialkyl 1,8-octanedioate to provide the 1,8-octanedioic acid.

Abstract: A process for the production of acetic acid and dimethyl ether by contacting a mixture of methanol and methyl acetate with a zeolite catalyst wherein the zeolite has a 2-dimensional channel system comprising at least one channel having a 10-membered ring and having at least 5% of its cation exchange capacity occupied by one or more alkali metal cations.

Abstract: A method for recovering a composition enriched in 3-hydroxypropionic acid from a fermentation broth comprising 3-hydroxypropionic acid and/or salts thereof comprises the steps of: (a) providing the fermentation broth having a pH of from about 2 to about 8 comprising: 3-hydroxypropionic acid and/or salts thereof, (b) acidifying the fermentation broth; (c) reducing the total sulfate ion and phosphate ion (d) distilling the resulting reduced ion aqueous solution and (e) recovering the product.

Abstract: Processes for the purification of bio-based acrylic acid to crude and glacial acrylic acid are provided. The bio-based acrylic acid is produced from hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. The purification includes some or all of the following processes: extraction, drying, distillation, and melt crystallization. The produced glacial or crude acrylic acid contains hydroxypropionic, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof as an impurity.

Abstract: Organic oligomers of acylglycerol having general formula (I): Formula (I), in which M1 and Q1 are organic groups; G11 is a hydroxylpropyl group; G12 and G13 are ?/??-acylglycerols; n is a natural integer from the range [0; 8]; m is a natural integer from the range [0; 4]; and p is a natural integer from the range [0; 3].

Abstract: This invention provides a compound having the structure wherein ?, ?, X, Y, and R1-R11 are defined herein. This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compounds, a method of inhibiting the activity and/or levels of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), a method of inhibiting the production of a cytokine in a population of cells, a method of inhibiting the production of a growth factor in a population of cells, and a method of inhibiting NF?-B activation in a population of cells.

Abstract: Substantially stable to degradation Fesoterodine fumarate, a process for its preparation and a process for the synthesis of specific degradation impurities of Fesoterodine fumarate are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of nuclear receptor binding agents (NRBAs). The NRBA compounds are applicable for use in the prevention and/or treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions including, inter alia, prevention and treatment of hormone-related diseases, cancers, inflammation, osteoporosis, peripheral vascular disease, reducing circulating lipid levels, and cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: The present invention concerns 2-amino-3-mmethyl-hex-5-enoic acid, its use for the production of peptides such as bacitracins and a method for producing it.

Abstract: A method for treating a p62-mediated disease (e.g., multiple myeloma) in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one p62-ZZ inhibitor compound.

Abstract: Provided are methods for the synthesis of compounds including chiral kynurenine compounds, intermediates useful for the synthesis thereof, and related compounds. For example, methods are provided for the synthesis of L-4-chlorokynurenine.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering an NMDA glycine-site antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel 3, 10, and/or 12a-substituted tetracycline compounds. These tetracycline compounds can be used to treat numerous tetracycline compound-responsive states, such as bacterial infections and neoplasms, as well as other known applications for minocycline and tetracycline compounds in general, such as blocking tetracycline efflux and modulation of gene expression.

Abstract: The present invention includes bis- and tris-benzamide compounds that block AR signaling and have activity against prostate cancer. Uses for these compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, also are provided.

Abstract: Augmented or synergized anti-inflammatory constructs are disclosed including terpenes covalently conjugated with other anti-inflammatory molecules such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vanilloids, amino acids and polyamines; and anti-inflammatory molecules covalently conjugated with specific amino acids. For the latter, further conjugation with a choline bioisostere further augments the anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds of formula I: wherein A is n is 0, 1, or 2; m is 0 or 1; R1 is H or C1-6alkyl and R2 is H, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkaryl, aryl, or heteroaryl; and X is O or NH. Tautomers, enantiomers, and diastereomers, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms, of compounds of formula I are also within the scope of the invention. Methods of preparing and using the compounds of formula I are also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods comprising adding ammonia, either as an ammonium salt or as a gas at pressures below 0.01 MPa, to a sulfuryl fluoride solution to form the anion of bis(fluorosulfonyl)amine under conditions well suited for large-scale production. The bis(fluorosulfonyl)amine so produced can be isolated by methods described in the prior art, or isolated as an organic ion pair, such as an alkylammonium solid salt, or as an ionic liquid.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter provides N-substituted hydroxylamine derivative compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions. In particular, the disclosed subject matter provides methods of using such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for treating heart failure.

Abstract: Provided herein are new processes for the preparation of aminosulfone intermediates for the synthesis of 2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione, which is useful for preventing or treating diseases or conditions related to an abnormally high level or activity of TNF-?. Further provided herein are processes for the commercial production of (S)-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methanesulfonylethylamine.

Abstract: Methods and systems for on-site generation of peracid chemistry, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosed compounds have antiviral activity against C-type virus, an optical isomer thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method for preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same as an active ingredient for preventing or treating liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus. The benzidine derivative according to the present invention has excellent antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus and exhibits excellent medicinal activity in the living body, and thus the pharmaceutical composition containing the same as an active ingredient can be useful as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating liver disease, such as acute hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma, caused by C-type virus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I) wherein L1, L2, L3, R1, R4, R5, and R6 are as defined in the specification. Compounds of formula (I) are EP4 agonists useful in the treatment of glaucoma, osteoporosis, bone fracture, periodontal bone loss, orthopedic implant, alopecia, neuropathic pain, and related disorders. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating conditions or disorders are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are small molecule heterocyclic inhibitors of sepiapterin reductase (SPR), and prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The Also featured are pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds and uses of these compounds for the treatment or prevention of pain (e.g., inflammatory pain, nociceptive pain, functional pain, and neuropathic pain).

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds which inhibit the activity of NAMPT, compositions containing the compounds and methods of treating diseases during which NAMPT is expressed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein inter alia are compositions and methods useful in the treatment of diseases, for example pain, neurodegeneration, or mood disorders, and for modulating the activity of a K2P channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new arylaminoalcohol derivatives of formula (I), and to a method for the preparation of such compounds: I The invention also relates to the use of these compounds as medicaments, and in particular for the prevention and/or the treatment of parasitic diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites such as malaria and toxoplasmosis. Finally, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds of formula (I) as active principles.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein all of the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are monoacylglycerol acyltransferase type 2 (MGAT2) inhibitors which may be used as medicaments.

Abstract: The invention relates to 3-piperidone compounds, and in particular, to (2S)-phenyl-3-piperidone and its synthesis method. Use of the thus-synthesized 3-piperidone compounds as potent neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to metabolites of cabozantinib (I) as well as uses thereof.

Abstract: Novel base addition salts of nitroxoline with improved solubility and increased urine secretion under physiological conditions are described. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment using the pharmaceutical compositions are also described.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, G, m, n, p and q have values as described in the specification, useful as inhibitors of HDAC6. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of proliferative, inflammatory, infectious, neurological or cardiovascular diseases or disorders.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a reactive ester agent for conjugating a click-reactive group to a carrier molecule or solid support. The reactive ester agent has the general formula IA, wherein the variables R1, R2, R3, Ra and L are described throughout the application.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel pharmaceutical compositions containing 3?-[(2Z)-[1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene]hydrazino]-2?-hydroxy-[1,1?-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid bis-(monoethanolamine) (eltrombopag olamine) and processes for preparing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I), and methods of inhibiting histone deacetylase (“HDAC”) enzymes (e.g., HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3) using compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, prodrugs, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The present invention also provides methods and kits using the inventive compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for treating and/or preventing diseases associated with protein aggregation, such as amyloidoses (e.g., Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease), treating and/or preventing neurodegenerative diseases, treating and/or preventing diseases associated with Tar DNA binding protein 43 kDa, reducing or preventing protein aggregation, and/or modulating E3 ubiquitin ligase in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Substituted dihydropyrimidinones of formula 1 which are inhibitors of neutrophil elastase activity and which are useful as medicaments for the treatment of, inter alia, COPD.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are pyrimidine compounds of formula I and formula II and methods for treating or preventing a viral infection, such as infections caused by dengue virus in a subject, comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a pyrimidine compound of formula I or formula II.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel form of (S)-trans-{4-[({2-[({1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}{5-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}(ethyl)amino)methyl]cyclohexyl}acetic acid, which is useful for preventing and/or treating diseases such as dyslipidemia. (S)-trans-{4-[({2-[({1-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}{5-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}(ethyl)amino)methyl]cyclohexyl}acetic acid hydrochloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of antimicrobial compounds and to methods of making and using them. These compounds are useful for treating, preventing, and reducing the risk of microbial infections in humans and animals.

Abstract: Substituted bicyclic dihydropyrimidinones of formula 1 which are inhibitors of neutrophil elastase and useful as medicaments for the treatment of, inter alia, COPD.

Abstract: Substituted dihydropyrimidinones of formula 1 which are neutrophil elastase inhibitors and useful as medicaments for the treatment of, inter alia, COPD.

Abstract: Substituted bicyclic dihydropyrimidinones of formula 1 and their use as inhibitors of neutrophil elastase activity.

Abstract: A new class of antibiotics effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is disclosed. Compounds of this class can impair cell-wall biosynthesis by binding to both the allosteric and the catalytic domains of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2a. This class of antibiotics holds promise in reversing obsolescence of staphylococcal PBPs as important targets for antibiotics. Embodiments of the invention thus provide novel antibacterial compounds that target penicillin-binding proteins and/or other important cellular targets. Methods for inhibiting the growth and/or replication of bacteria using the compounds described herein are also provided. Various embodiments exhibit activity against gram positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are DKP microcrystals made by an improved method where they do not irreversibly self-assemble into microparticles. The microcrystals can be dispersed by atomization and re-formed by spray drying into particles having spherical shell morphology. Active agents and excipients can be incorporated into the particles by spray drying a solution containing the components to be incorporated into microcrystalline diketopiperazine particles. In particular, the microcrystalline particle compositions are suitable for pulmonary drug delivery of one or more peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and/or small organic molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for producing polyisocyanurates comprising isocyanate groups, based on 2,4- and 2,6-toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) and to the use thereof in coating compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I), (II), (III) and (V) are described for use in modulating microtubule polymerisation and in the treatment of associated disease states. Use of compounds (I), (III) and (V) in the treatment of kinase-associated disease states is also described. Further described are novel compounds of formula (II), (III) and (V).

Abstract: The invention is directed, in part, to selective cancer treatment regimes based on assaying for the presence or absence of a mutation in a nucleic acid that encodes MLL1 or for the presence of reduced levels of MLL1.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of inducing proliferation of and/or differentiating cells comprising contacting cells with compounds within the methods of the invention. The present invention further provides cells obtainable by the methods of the invention. Liver disease affects more than 500 million people worldwide. Organ transplantation is the gold standard for treatment of liver failure, but organ shortages are acute.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to compounds having cellular anti-proliferative activities, and more particularly relates to compounds which inhibit the activity of human SMYD2, a SET and MYND domain-containing protein lysine methyltransferase.