Abstract: A shift position detection device that has excellent durability and is capable of detecting many shift positions is provided. The present invention is a shift position detection device provided with a shaft that is a moving body that touches and is displaced by a cam that is a displacement member displaced according to changes in the shift position of the transmission of a vehicle; a magnet that is displaced with the shaft; a magnetism detecting element that detects the displacement of the magnet and outputs a detection signal; a display device that displays a shift position on the basis of the detection signal of the magnetism detecting element; and a control device that controls the display device on the basis of the detection signal. A memory unit is provided for storing an output signal that controls the display device and is based on the detection signal of the magnetism detecting element, and the output signal, which is based on the detection signal and is stored in the memory unit, can be rewritten.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for operating a sensor system comprising at least one sensor unit which provides signals, in which the signals comprise primary measurement value signals which are measurement values of the sensor unit or are generated from measurement values of the sensor unit and in which the signals comprise coefficient signals which characterize the measurement value capture.

Abstract: The present invention enables to obtain an approximate position of a zero crossing point in a shorter time period. A magnetic position sensor detects, with an array in which multiple magnetic detection elements are arranged in a straight line, the zero crossing point at which the magnetic flux density from a pair of magnetic poles is zero in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the array. The magnetic detection elements are elements whose output changes in polarity when the direction of the magnetic flux density is inverted, and detect an approximate position of the zero crossing point by reading an output of every k-th magnetic detection element of the array (where k is an integer of 2 or greater). Then, the position of the zero crossing point is detected according to outputs of at least two magnetic detection elements on both sides of the zero crossing point.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to magnetic field sensor devices, systems and methods that can more accurately detect edges of a target. In one embodiment, a sensor device comprises a first magnetic field sensor element and a second magnetic field sensor element proximate a target, such as a toothwheel, to sense rotation of the target. The sensor device can be considered a two-dimensional magnetic field sensor in embodiments, in that the first magnetic field sensor element can be sensitive to a first magnetic field component (e.g., the Bx component), and the second magnetic field sensor element can be sensitive to a second magnetic field component (e.g., the Bz component). In other embodiments, sensor system 600 can be a three-dimensional magnetic field sensor. The sensor device can be arranged with respect to the target such that the signal from one or the other of the first and second magnetic field sensor elements can be used to determine a switching threshold depending on whether a detected edge is rising (i.e.

Abstract: A Hall sensor includes a first Hall element pair configured to provide a first measurement signal, a second Hall element pair configured to provide a second measurement signal, and a third Hall element pair configured to provide a third measurement signal. Each element in the third Hall element pair is arranged between Hall elements of the first Hall element pair and Hall elements of the second Hall element pair. The Hall element pairs are configured to be actuated such that the first, second, and third measurement signals can be combined into one aggregate measurement signal which corrects an error in an angle of rotation determination caused by an external magnetic field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-contact potentiometer.

Abstract: A micro-electromechanical apparatus having a signal attenuation-proof function, and a manufacturing method and a signal attenuation-proof method thereof are disclosed. The micro-electromechanical apparatus includes a substrate, an insulation layer, and a sensing unit. The substrate has a doped region in which a majority of conductive carriers have the same polarity as an electronic signal. The insulation layer is located on the substrate, and the sensing unit is located above the insulation layer and forms the electronic signal when sensing a force.

Abstract: A magnetized scale (1a) in which magnetic pole pairs each formed of a first magnetic portion (11a) and a second magnetic portion (12a) having different magnetic properties are arranged with a period of a magnetic pole pair width 2?, and a magnetosensitive device (2) in which n magnetosensitive elements (21a to 21e) are arranged with a magnetosensitive element pitch P so that ?=nP may be established are arranged so as to be opposed to each other with a predetermined air gap therebetween. Output values output from the n magnetosensitive elements (21a to 21e) in parallel are analyzed to calculate a relative position between the magnetosensitive device (2) and the magnetized scale (1a) as a position detection resolution of ?/n.

Abstract: An instrument cluster assembly with electromagnetic arrangements is disclosed and includes at least one gauge. The gauge includes a dial having a linear slot and a pointer assembly disposed in the slot. A linear motor configured to move the pointer assembly. A controller generates a signal to the linear motor in response to a vehicle operating condition to move the pointer assembly.

Abstract: A stepper motor assembly, for use in an instrument panel in some applications, has a first rotor, a second rotor, a set of first electromagnets, and a set of second electromagnets. Each electromagnet is disposed adjacent to one of the first and second rotors and is configured to generate a magnetic field to rotate the respective rotor. The first rotor is configured to rotate a first shaft, wherein the first shaft extends from a first side of the stepper motor assembly. The second rotor is configured to rotate a second shaft, wherein the second shaft extends from a second side of the stepper motor assembly. The second side is opposite the first side. The first and second shafts are rotatable independently about a single shaft axis.

Abstract: Method including detecting low user dynamics by a first MEMS sensor is provided. A first sensor determines sampling rate value corresponding to the low user dynamics. The first sensor sampling rate value is less than a second sensor sampling rate value corresponding to high user dynamics. A sampling rate of a second MEMS sensor is adjusted to the first sensor sampling rate value.

Abstract: A controller switches a measurement unit from a non-measurement state to a measurement state to start measurement processing of the measurement target physical amount when a trigger condition having a lowest variation level for a steady state is satisfied in plural trigger conditions set according to a trigger physical amount detected by a trigger detector, and the controller interrupts currently-performed measurement processing to start measurement processing corresponding to a trigger condition having a higher variation level when the trigger condition having the variation level for the steady state higher than that of the trigger condition corresponding to the currently-performed measurement processing is satisfied during performance of the measurement processing.

Abstract: Flow sensors, systems, and methods for continuous in situ monitoring of a rheologically complex fluid flow within a vessel, such as particulate and multiphase media for ascertaining certain fluid flow parameters, such as flow rate, dynamic viscosity, fluid density, fluid temperature, particle density and particle mass, from flow sensor measurements. The system involves a fluid flow sensor having a body member with internalized strain gauges configured to measure the deformation of certain segments of the body member. Based, at least in part, on these deformation measurements, the system is used to compute the fluid flow parameters.

Abstract: A vortex flow measuring device as well as a method for determining by means of a vortex, flow measuring a device, which has a bluff body protruding into the flowing medium and a vortex sensor, the mass flow ratio (x) of an at least at times two- or multiphase medium flowing in a measuring tube and having a gaseous first phase flowing with a first mass flow rate {dot over (m)}G and a liquid second phase flowing with a second mass flow rate {dot over (m)}L.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flowmeter includes a meter body including a flow passage having wetted surfaces through which fluid flow is to be measured. The flowmeter includes a non-stick coating adhered to the wetted surfaces of the meter body. The flowmeter includes a first transducer and at least a second transducer arranged around the flow passage to transmit and receive ultrasonic energy. The flowmeter includes an electronic unit designed to generate and receive electronic signals from the transducers and to process the signals in order to compute information related to the fluid flow rate through the passage. A method for measuring fluid flow with an ultrasonic flowmeter. A method of making an ultrasonic flowmeter.

Abstract: The measuring transducer comprises a measuring tube having an inlet-side tube end and an outlet-side tube end, a tube wall having a predetermined wall thickness and a lumen surrounded by the tube wall and extending between the first and second tube end, a support element, which with a support end is mechanically connected with the tube end and with a support end is mechanically connected with the tube end, as well as, laterally spaced from the measuring tube, a support element, which with a support end is mechanically connected with the support end and with a support end is mechanically connected with the support end. The measuring tube of the measuring transducer is adapted to guide a flowing medium in its lumen and during that to be caused to oscillate about a static resting position for producing Coriolis forces. The measuring transducer comprises an oscillation exciter as well as at least one oscillation sensor.

Abstract: A fluid-flow detection system comprises a flow sensor configured to measure a flow rate of a fluid within a conduit, an energy harvester coupled to the flow sensor, and a wireless communications module coupled to the energy harvester such that the energy harvester is configured to generate electrical energy derived from the fluid flow, the wireless communications module is configured to transmit a wireless signal associated with the measured flow rate, and the wireless communications module transmits the wireless signal when energized by the energy harvester.

Abstract: A flow meter for a fluid, said flow meter including at least two channels which each comprise a floor, a ceiling and two walls, wherein at least one of the channels is a measuring channel in which a measuring device is arranged, wherein the flow meter includes a channel unit which realizes the channels, wherein the channel unit consists of at least one first component and at least one second component which are fitted into one another and in the joined state complement one another thus forming the channels.

Abstract: Provided is a capacitive liquid level detection device capable of determining liquid level and liquid quality. This detection device comprises a plurality of electrode pairs disposed at different positions in a height direction in a tank for storing liquid; a measuring instrument for acquiring values equivalent to capacitance between respective electrode pairs of the plurality of electrode pairs; a storage part for storing a plurality of threshold values determined based on values equivalent to capacitance between one of the electrode pairs in the presence of the air or a plurality of kinds of liquids; and a determination part comparing the values equivalent to capacitance between the respective electrode pairs with each of the threshold values, and the determination part determines for determining liquid level corresponding to liquid quality based on the comparison result.

Abstract: Magnetic field response sensors for use in measuring the volume of a fluid, the type of fluid and/or any contaminants within a fluid container or tank. Fluid containers having sensors systems including two or more sensors for use in measuring fluids and methods of using the same.

Abstract: A radar level gauge using electromagnetic signals is provided, which includes a connection arrangement for connecting a transmitter receiver circuit board and an antenna unit with one another, with which the horizontal size of the radar level gauge may be reduced and reflection and transmission losses may be suppressed as well. The transmitter receiver circuit board 32 is so disposed in a housing 12 as to extend vertically. The connection arrangement includes a waveguide sequence which is fed at a feed terminal 32a formed on the transmitter receiver circuit board 32 and composed of three waveguides W1 to W3.

Abstract: Technology is described for tank coupled to an ultrasonic sensor subassembly where the combination of the tank and ultrasonic sensor subassembly for an ultrasonic sensor. In an embodiment, ultrasonic sensor subassembly is configured to form an ultrasonic sensor upon coupling to a tank having a tank wall. The ultrasonic sensor subassembly includes a sensor subassembly housing, a planar piezoelectric element located within the sensor subassembly housing, and a circuitry electrically connected to the planar piezoelectric element, where the planar piezoelectric element includes a surface coupled to the tank wall such that the tank wall forms a matching layer of an ultrasonic sensor, and the circuitry configured to produce a signal to drive the planar piezoelectric element to generate a sound wave, and receive an indication of a detected echo from the planar piezoelectric element. Various other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive sensing instrument comprises a probe including a tube having a near end and a distal end. A magnetostrictive wire is in the tube. An adaptor at the tube near end includes a probe circuit comprising a drive circuit for the magnetostrictive wire, a pickup sensor, a preamplifier and a memory circuit storing calibration parameters for the probe. An instrument housing includes a control circuit. A connector is operatively disposed between the instrument housing and the adaptor and comprises electrical conductors for connecting the control circuit to the probe circuit.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for tuning a twin screw positive displacement pump having a signal processor with a signal processor to receive signaling containing information about actual pump performance data for actual rated conditions captured during a tuning function related to the operation of a twin screw positive displacement pump; and determine corrected pump performance data to operate the rotary positive displacement pump by compensating pump performance data being used for operating the twin screw positive displacement pump based at least partly on the actual pump performance data for the actual rated conditions captured during the tuning function.

Abstract: The invention relates to a weighing device for a plot combine harvester, comprising a weighing container guided vertically adjustably on a frame in the manner of a parallel linkage, said weighing container being supported relative to a frame by way of a weighing cell assembly having a weighing cell articulated in the vertical direction between the frame and the weighing container. In order to provide advantageous design conditions, it is proposed that the weighing container is mounted on the frame in the manner of a parallel linkage via leaf springs clamped at both ends.

Abstract: A method for determining or estimating a load weight of a load (28) carried by a commercial vehicle, in particular by an industrial truck such as a forklift truck (10), comprises: a) determining a speed ratio between a first speed of at least one first wheel (12) loaded by a load carried in a load carrier (18) of the vehicle and a second speed of at least one second wheel (14) of the operating vehicle (10) which has received the load in the load carrier, which second wheel is less heavily loaded or not loaded by a load carried in the load carrier or is relieved by a load carried in the load carrier; b) determining or estimating the load weight of the carried load (28) on the basis of the determined speed ratio and predetermined reference data. A commercial vehicle (10) comprising a control system (22) carrying out a method of this kind is also provided.

Abstract: There is provided an image module package including a substrate, a photo sensor chip, a molded transparent layer and a glass filter. The substrate has an upper surface. The photo sensor chip is attached to the upper surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. The molded transparent layer covers the photo sensor chip and a part of the upper surface of the substrate, wherein a top surface of the molded transparent layer is formed with a receptacle opposite to the photo sensor chip. The glass filter is accommodated in the receptacle.

Abstract: A sensor system, device and method for generating a wireless signal in response to a sensed illumination. A sensor is disclosed having: a photosensitive element; a device that converts a sensed illumination detected by the photosensitive element into a corresponding impedance response; and a wireless signal generator that generates a wireless output based on a characteristic of the corresponding impedance response, wherein the wireless output correlates to the sensed illumination.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the optical path length between a feedback enabled laser and a cavity, and hence the optical feedback phase. A phasor element, positioned along an optical path between the laser and the cavity coupling mirror, includes a gas medium within a volume defined by the phasor element. The phasor element is configured to adjust or control an optical path length of the laser light between the laser and the cavity coupling mirror by adjusting or controlling a density of the gas medium within the phasor volume.

Abstract: There is presented a spectroscopic apparatus and method wherein an input light source that inputs pump light to a photon pair source. The photon pair source converts pump photons into signal and idler photon pairs. The photon pair source is, in some of examples described herein, tuneable so that the wavelength of the signal and idler photons can be changed by application of a tuning means. At least one of the signal and idler photons is made incident upon a medium under test. A heralding detection apparatus is used to detect any signal and idler photons output from the spectroscopy apparatus, wherein at least one of the photons of the pair has interacted with or been operated upon by the medium under test.

Abstract: An airborne hyperspectral scanning system with a reflective telecentric relay including a system housing fore-optics, mounted in the housing, an imaging spectrometer mounted in the housing, the imaging spectrometer comprising a spectrometer slit, the spectrometer slit having an exit side and an entrance side, a focal plane array, a fold mirror, and at least three spectrometer mirrors, ordered sequentially, and in optical alignment with each other, and a reflective telecentric relay, mounted in the housing between the fore-optics and the imaging spectrometer, the reflective telecentric relay comprising a collimator module, a scanning mirror module, and an objective module, the objective module being situated to receive intermediate image from the fore-optics and reflect a collimated beam to the scanning mirror image between the collimator module and the objective module, wherein the objective module is situated to form a telecentric image at the entrance of the spectrometer slit.

Abstract: A color measurement device includes a light source for illuminating an object with light; a dispersing portion for spectrally dispersing light emitted and reflected by the object; a light receptor for receiving the light dispersed by the dispersing portion; and a controller for effecting color measurement based on a result of light reception of the light receptor from the object which is an image formed on a recording material; wherein the emitted light has a first intensity of light in a first wavelength range and a second intensity lower than the first intensity in a second wavelength range, and wherein the controller deduces a value relating to color measurement for the second wavelength range on the basis of a result of light reception of the light receptor for the first wavelength range.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices for estimating spectral contributions in ambient light. The present disclosure also describes systems, methods, and devices for compensating for field of view errors resulting from the user, contextual structures (e.g., buildings, trees, fixtures, or geological formations), atmospheric effects (e.g., ozone coverage, smog, fog, haze, or clouds), device structures, and/or device orientation/tilt relative to a light source being measured (e.g., sun, indoor/outdoor light emitter, or an at least partially reflective surface). The present disclosure also describes systems, methods, and devices for estimating spectral contributions in light or color measurements and accounting for field of view errors to obtain a refined estimate.

Abstract: There are disclosed a method and a system for non-contact control in a form of a polarization marker, a receiving device, and a microprocessor. In the polarization marker, beams are polarized with a customized cylinder polarizer, pass through a system of lenses and reflectors and are emitted into space, wherein the direction of the polarization vectors is axially symmetrical about the virtual axis of the polarization marker. The receiving device located in the working plane identifies the direction and position in space of the polarization marker in relation to the receiver, the results being interpreted by the microprocessor into control commands The receiving device consists of polarimeters spaced at a predetermined distance. The polarimeters identify the direction of the polarization vectors of incident beams from the polarization marker. Based on the data obtained from each polarimeter, the microprocessor calculates the direction and angles of site of the polarization marker.

Abstract: A method of in-situ temperature measurement for a wafer treatment reactor such as a chemical vapor deposition reactor desirably includes the steps of heating the reactor until the reactor reaches a wafer treatment temperature and rotating a wafer support element within the reactor about a rotational axis. The method desirably further includes, while the wafer support element is rotating about the rotational axis, obtaining first operating temperature measurements using a first operating pyrometer that receives radiation from a first portion of the wafer support element, and obtaining first wafer temperature measurements using a wafer temperature measurement device that receives radiation from at least one wafer, the wafer temperature measurement device located at a first position.

Abstract: Compact thermal sensor modules, which in some implementations can be manufactured in wafer-level fabrication processes, include features composed of or coated with a low-emissivity material to reduce or prevent detection by a sensor of radiation emitted by other parts of the module. For example, spacers that separate an optics substrate and a sensor package from one another can be composed of or coated with such a low emissivity material. In some cases, the low emissivity material has an emissivity of no more than 0.1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the calibration of sensors of the type that comprises a plurality of sensor elements, such as focal plane arrays, FPAs, for detecting infrared radiation, IR-FPA, the calibration being performed at least two temperatures. According to the invention, the sensor's dynamic range is divided into a plurality of intervals (5), a correction map is updated on a miming basis in each interval by a scene-based non-uniformity correction (6), the correction terms between adjacent intervals are interpolated (7), and the interpolated correction terms are made to correct the sensor elements of the relevant sensor (8). The invention also relates to a computer program and a computer program product. By way of the invention, a method is provided which effectively minimizes the fixed pattern noise to near zero across the entire dynamic range of the sensor, regardless of the type of non-linearity.

Abstract: A protective tube device can protect a temperature sensor against contact with a fluid, and has a distal end containing the temperature sensor and has an outer wall provided for contact with the fluid, and a proximal end which is connected to the temperature sensor by electric lines and is intended for arrangement outside the fluid, wherein, on the outer wall of the distal end, an elastic membrane closes off a resultantly defined pressure transmission fluid reservoir in a fluid-impermeable manner, the pressure transmission fluid reservoir being connected fluidically by a fluid channel running within the protective tube device to a pressure sensor arranged in the proximal end.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a sheath member having an insulative holding member which contains an oxygen supplying substance and is formed in such a manner that the oxygen supplying substance is exposed when viewed from an opening on the distal end side of a sheath tube. Since the insulative holding member releases oxygen from the distal end side of the sheath member, a decrease in oxygen concentration around a thermistor element can be suppressed. Thus, it is possible to suppress a change in the characteristics of the thermistor element due to reduction action, and to suppress decrease in temperature detection accuracy. Since the oxygen supplying substance is contained in the insulative holding member, compared with a configuration where a pellet is disposed on the distal end side of the thermistor element, delay in heat conduction is less likely to occur, and a decrease in temperature detection response can be suppressed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a temperature sensor includes a pull up circuit, a pull down circuit, a first additional current path, and a second additional current path. The pull up circuit is configured to generate a pull up current that contributes to generation of a first output current. The pull down circuit is operably coupled to the pull up circuit at an output node and configured to generate a pull down current that contributes to generation of a second output current. The first additional current path, when enabled, is configured to combine a first additional current with the pull up current to comprise the first output current. The second additional current path, when enabled, is configured to combine a second additional current with the pull down current to comprise the second output current. Respective enablement of the first additional current path and the second additional current path is complementary.

Abstract: A multicompartment envelope or sterilization receptacle for receiving and storing medical instruments includes an adhesive flap for sealing multiple compartments within a single envelope. Individual compartments within the multicompartment enveloped can be opened while still keeping the seal of other compartments, thus keeping unused instruments sterilized. The multicompartment envelope or sterilization receptacle has an aperture for insertion of a heat-deforming color changing sterilization indicator device, where, after exposure to extreme heat, the sterilization indicator device deforms and cannot thereafter be inserted or removed from an aperture of a sterilization receptacle fitted for an unsterilized sterilization indicator device. Thus, the practitioner is assured of sterilized instruments in a sterilization receptacle, when an intact, color changed sterilization indicator device is within the aperture of the sterilization receptacle.

Abstract: A temperature measurement head structure comprises a shell (14), a tube-shaped thermal conductor (13), a cap-shaped thermal conductor (12) and an infrared sensor (11). Detection holes are arranged at a front end of the shell (14) and a front end of the cap-shaped thermal conductor (12). The tube-shaped thermal conductor (13) is located inside the shell (14). A bottom surface of the infrared sensor (11) and an end portion of the tube-shaped thermal conductor (13) are closely adhered to the detection hole at the front end of the shell (14). The cap-shaped thermal conductor (12) surrounds the infrared sensor (11) and is sleeved on an external wall at the end portion of the tube-shaped thermal conductor (13). The detection hole at the front end of the cap-shaped thermal conductor (12) is located behind the detection hole at the front end of the shell (14).

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for providing flexible and repairable testing capabilities for systems that generate or absorb heat such as energy storage systems. One embodiment can include a temperature bath structure adapted to contain and maintain a fluid bath at a predetermined temperature, an outer containment structure adapted to insert into the temperature bath structure, heat sinks, thermal sensor assemblies, and an internal containment structure where the thermal sensor assemblies and heat sinks removeably attach to different sections of the inner containment structure so as to measure heat flow into or out of the inner containment structure's different sections. Embodiments of the invention enable rapid insertion/removal of samples as well as replacement of sections of the system including embodiments or parts of thermal sensor assemblies as well as enabling separate thermal measurements associated with different sections of a sample under test within the inner containment structure.

Abstract: The integrated electronic device detects the pressure related to a force applied in a predetermined direction within a solid structure. The device includes an integrated element that is substantially orthogonal to the direction of application of the force. First and second conductive elements are configured to face an operating surface. A measure module includes first and second measurement terminals which are electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively. A detecting element is arranged in the predetermined direction such that the operating surface is sandwiched between the first and second conductive elements and this detecting element. An insulating layer galvanically insulates the first and second conductive elements.

Abstract: A piezoelectric acoustic resonator based sensor is presented herein. A device can include an array of piezoelectric transducers and an array of cavities that has been attached to the array of piezoelectric transducers to form an array of resonators. A resonator of the array of resonators can be associated with a first frequency response corresponding to a first determination that the resonator has been touched, and a second frequency response corresponding to a second determination that the resonator has not been touched. The array of piezoelectric transducers can include a piezoelectric material; a first set of electrodes that has been formed a first side of the piezoelectric material; and a second set of electrodes that has been formed on second side of the piezoelectric material.

Abstract: An example method includes detecting a signal that represents a strain of a frame of a wearable computing device and causing the wearable computing device to perform a function based on the detected signal. The method may also include generating a representation of the detected signal, comparing the representation of the signal to a threshold value, and causing the wearable computing device to perform a function based on the comparison to the threshold value. An example wearable computing device and an example non-transitory computer readable medium related to the example method are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A cylindrical annular detector is disposed at the periphery of the columnar body fixed at a central part of the upper surface of a supporting substrate. A space between the columnar body and the annular detector is connected by a thin flexible connection member (diaphrapm). A washer-shaped insulation substrate is disposed on the upper surface of the supporting substrate, individual fixed electrodes are formed on the upper surface thereof, and they constitute capacitive elements together with a displacement electrode which is composed of the lower surface of the annular detector. Upon exertion of an external force on the annular detector, the flexible connection member deflects to cause displacement, which is detected as change in capacitance value of the capacitive element.

Abstract: Testing apparatus, systems and methods are provided to obtain measurements pertaining to aircraft control surfaces mounted to stationary aircraft structures for displacements about a hinge axis. A support structure and an actuator carried by the support structure may be provided, the support structure including attachment assemblies for positionally fixing the testing apparatus to the stationary aircraft structure. The actuator carried by the support structure includes a rectilinearly movable actuator shaft which contacts the aircraft control surface when the support structure is positionally mounted to the stationary aircraft structure. Actuation of the actuator will thereby cause the actuator shaft to apply a load to the movable aircraft control surface to cause deflection thereof about the hinge axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a power phase and other force-related performance of a bicyclist while riding a bicycle. Sensors measure a force applied by the bicyclist to the left and right pedals. The measurement data is analyzed to determine the power phase performance by correlating the force applied by the bicyclist to the left and right pedals with corresponding angles of the left and right cranks. A series of changes in the power phase performance during the ride is recorded. A series of changes in the geographic location of the bicyclist and/or a series of changes in one or more performance metrics while riding the bicycle may also be recorded. The series of changes in the bicyclist's power phase performance, the geographic location, and the performance metrics may be correlated, graphically communicated in real-time or post-ride, and used to improve the bicyclist's performance.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the vapour pressure of a liquid hydrocarbon sample is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a sealed chamber (25) for receiving the sample. The chamber (25) is at least partially defined by a moveable element (26) such that moving the moveable element (26) alters the volume of the chamber (25). The apparatus comprises a displacement sensor (29) configured to measure a displacement of the movable element (26).