Abstract: An image forming apparatus according to one aspect controls a light source such that first and second laser beams emitted from first and second light emitting elements respectively are incident on a BD sensor successively, and measures the time interval between two BD signals, output from the BD sensor, that correspond to the first and second laser beams. When performing the measurement, the image forming apparatus controls the light powers of the first and second light beams so as to be light powers determined in advance using APC. According to this, measurement errors when measuring the interval between the light beams emitted from the two light emitting elements are suppressed, and correction accuracy for the image writing start positions for the multiple light emitting elements is improved.

Abstract: A printing apparatus herein includes a sheet feeder and a photoreceptor adjacent the sheet feeder. The photoreceptor receives print media from the sheet feeder, and the photoreceptor transfers toner to the print media. A development roll is adjacent the photoreceptor. The development roll supplies a metered amount of charged toner to the photoreceptor. Also, a supply roll is adjacent the development roll. The supply roll supplies toner to the development roll. In this device, multiple charge blades (e.g., first, second, third, etc., charge blades) contact the development roll, and a charge generator can be electrically connected to the charge blade, supply roll, and development roll.

Abstract: A developing roller that is capable of carrying toner on a surface thereof, and that supplies the toner carried on the surface to a surface of a photosensitive drum when a voltage is applied thereto, includes: a rubber layer; and a surface layer that covers the rubber layer, contains alumina, and has a higher volume resistivity than the rubber layer.

Abstract: A toner adder roll according to one example embodiment includes an electrically conductive shaft defining an axis of rotation of the toner adder roll. A foam member is cylindrically disposed about the shaft and forms an outer circumferential surface of the toner adder roll. The foam member is composed of a polymeric open-cell foam material. An abrasive agent is dispersed on the outer circumferential surface of the toner adder roll.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer carrying member, a regulating member configured to regulate developer carried on the developer carrying member, and a partition wall separating a first chamber and a second chamber. A first conveying screw conveys the developer in the first chamber, and a second conveying screw conveys the developer in the second chamber. The first conveying screw is at a position overlapping with a vertical line passing through a portion of the regulating member, and a periphery of the first conveying screw moves in the same direction as a peripheral surface of the developer carrying member that is faces. The vertical line overlaps with a part of a rotation region of the first conveying screw in which the periphery of the first conveying screw is moved in a downward direction.

Abstract: A developing roller that is capable of carrying toner on a surface thereof, and that supplies the toner carried on the surface to a surface of a photosensitive drum when a voltage is applied thereto, includes: an elastic layer; and a surface layer that covers the elastic layer and contains aluminum oxide, wherein the aluminum oxide of the surface layer contains tetracoordinated aluminum atoms and hexacoordinated aluminum atoms existing in a higher proportion than the tetracoordinated aluminum atoms.

Abstract: The present application discloses a container including: a housing including a primary portion for storing developer, and a secondary portion, which projects from the primary portion and is connected to a developing device; a conveying mechanism which conveys the developer in the primary portion to the secondary portion; and a detector which detects a state of the developer. The primary portion includes a facing wall which is situated at a boundary between the primary and secondary portions so that the facing wall faces a flow of the developer moving toward the secondary portion. The developer includes a flowing portion under the conveyance to the secondary portion by the conveying mechanism, and an adhering portion defined by an adhering layer made of developer adhered to the facing wall. The detector detects a decrease of the flowing portion and a decrease of the adhering portion individually.

Abstract: A developer amount detector to detect an amount of developer inside a developer container includes a light-emitting element; a light-receiving element; a first light guide including a first end disposed to face the light-emitting element and a second end disposed inside the developer container, covered with a translucent cover including a light-emitting face; a second light guide including a first end disposed to face the light-receiving element, a second end disposed inside the developer container, covered with a translucent cover including a light-receiving face to face the light-emitting face across a gap; and a cleaner including a sliding portion to slidingly contact the light-emitting face and the light-receiving face. The cover of each of the first and second light guides includes a material lower in chargeability with the sliding portion than a material of a body of each of the first and second light guides.

Abstract: A replenishing developer housing container includes: a container body housing a replenishing developer; a conveying portion; a pipe receiving port; and an uplifting portion. The replenishing developer contains a toner and a carrier. The container body includes a protruding portion protruding from a container body interior side of the container opening portion toward one end of the container body and a curving portion curving so as to conform to the protruding portion. The uplifting portion includes an uplifting wall surface extending from an internal wall surface of the container body toward the protruding portion. When the replenishing developer housing container is mounted on the replenishing developer conveying device, the protruding portion is present between the curving portion and the replenishing developer receiving port of a conveying pipe being inserted.

Abstract: A toner cartridge for an electrophotographic image forming device according to one example embodiment includes a housing having a reservoir for storing toner. An outlet port is positioned on the housing for transferring toner out of the toner cartridge. A first vent has a first inlet opening positioned to receive air from outside the housing, a first outlet opening positioned to exit the received air into the reservoir, and a first one-way valve that permits airflow through the first vent from the first inlet opening to the first outlet opening and prevents airflow through the first vent from the first outlet opening to the first inlet opening. A second vent is positioned to introduce air received at the outlet port into the reservoir.

Abstract: A developer supply device includes a shaft portion arranged in a container main body, a moving wall movable along the shaft portion, a developer discharge port and a shutter mechanism. A control unit causes the moving wall to be arranged at a first position when a remaining amount of the developer is a predetermined first remaining amount and moves the moving wall to a second position closer to the developer discharge port than the first position in the first direction when the remaining amount is a second remaining amount smaller than the first remaining amount, and causes the shutter mechanism to be set in a first open state with a predetermined opening degree when the moving wall is at the first position and causes the shutter mechanism to be set in a second open state larger than the first open state when the moving wall is at the second position.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a cleaning portion, a polishing roller, a layer thickness restricting member, and a swaying portion. The cleaning portion removes toner that has adhered to a surface of a rotation body. The polishing roller polishes a surface of the rotation body by rotating in a state where a surface of the polishing roller is in contact with the surface of the rotation body and the toner removed by the cleaning portion has adhered to the surface of the polishing roller. The layer thickness restricting member restricts a layer thickness of the toner that has adhered to the surface of the polishing roller. The swaying portion includes a biasing portion, an undulating portion and a support portion, and causes the polishing roller to sway in an axis direction of the rotation body.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes image forming stations including respective electrophotographic photosensitive drums; an image transfer belt contactable to the drums; image transfer rollers, contactable to the transfer belt to urge the belt to the drums for transferring the toner images from the drums onto the belt, the rollers being provided with respective rotational shafts about an axis of which the rollers are rotatable; and a slidable member slidable in a direction in which the stations are arranged to retract the rollers away from the corresponding drums, the slidable member being provided with inclined surfaces contactable to the shafts, the inclined surfaces being disposed at such positions that the rollers are retracted from respective drums sequentially with the movement of the slidable member in the direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a control unit configured to control a cleaning operation of rotating an intermediate transfer member to remove an adjustment toner image, which is formed on an image bearing member and attached to the intermediate transfer member during an adjustment operation, at a cleaning portion where toner is electrostatically removed. The control unit is configured to change the number of times of rotating the intermediate transfer member to convey the adjustment toner image on the intermediate transfer member to the cleaning portion according to at least one of a density and a length in a conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer member regarding the adjustment toner image on the intermediate transfer member before being conveyed to the cleaning portion.

Abstract: A belt unit, in which a belt can be detached by detaching a tension roller from a frame by detaching at least one of bearing members from the frame in a state where the belt is stretched around multiple rollers, includes restriction parts that restrict the position of an end of the tension roller in a state where the belt is stretched around the multiple rollers and the bearing member is detached from the frame, the end being located adjacent to the bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus main body, a power supply switch, a photoreceptor drum, a charging device, an exposure device, a developing device, a transfer roller, a cleaning device, and a toner-layer formation unit. The transfer roller contacts the circumferential surface of the photoreceptor drum at a downstream side with respect to the developing device in the rotation direction and is configured to transfer the toner image to a sheet. The cleaning device is cleaning device arranged opposed to the photoreceptor drum, downstream. The cleaning device is configured to clean the photoreceptor drum. The toner-layer formation unit is configured to form a toner layer on a surface of the transfer roller in an initial operation started after the apparatus main body is installed in a predetermined installation location and the power supply switch is switched on.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes: first and second rotatable members configured and positioned to form a nip for heating a toner image on a sheet; a rubbing rotatable member configured to rub a surface of the first rotatable member; a moving mechanism configured to move the rubbing rotatable member relative to the first rotatable member between a rubbing position for carrying out a rubbing process for the first rotatable member and a retracted position retracted from the rubbing position; and an executing portion configured to execute the rubbing process in accordance with a number and a kind of the sheet processed by the image heating apparatus.

Abstract: An acquisition portion acquires a rate of a size of a toner image being formed in a predetermined area on a recording material to a size of the predetermined area, in a consecutive print job, a control portion sets a longer conveyance interval between a preceding recording material and a subsequent recording material when the rate of the subsequent recording material exceeds a threshold than when the rate of the subsequent recording material does not exceed the threshold, and the predetermined area on a trailing end side of the recording material with respect to a center of the recording material in a recording material conveying direction is larger than the predetermined area on a leading end side of the recording material with respect to the center of the recording material, or the predetermined area is only on the trailing end side of the recording material.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a heat source unit comprises a first heating section configured to include a first heating member and a first pressing member; a second heating section, which is arranged at the downstream side of the first heating section in a paper conveyance direction, configured to include a second heating member and a second pressing member; a heat source opening and closing mechanism configured to include a rotation shaft at the upstream side of the first heating section in the paper conveyance direction, and be capable of being opened and closed around the rotation shaft; and a paper conveyance guide section configured to include, between the first and the second heating sections, a first paper conveyance rib arranged at one side of the paper conveyance path and a second paper conveyance rib arranged at the other side of the paper conveyance path.

Abstract: A fixing device comprises a fixing belt heated through electromagnetic induction; a pressing roller; a plurality of temperature detection devices arranged along a width direction of the belt; and a control device consisting of a storage section and a control section and connecting with the detection devices and the heating device. The control section supplies a given output for the heating device when the belt is rotated initially, measures an initial temperature distribution of the belt on basis of a signal from the plurality of detection devices, and controls the output to the heating device on the basis of the initial distribution to control the initial distribution of the belt in a given range. The storage section stores the output control. The control section controls the output to the heating device based on the control stored in the storage section every time the belt is rotated after the initial rotation.

Abstract: To appropriately adjust the fixing temperature corresponding to the amount of applied toner, an image forming apparatus controls the temperature of a fixing unit configured to fix a recording material on a sheet. The apparatus acquires the amount of the recording material of each page in image data of a plurality of pages generated by dividing image data of one page, determines one fixing temperature using the acquired plurality of amounts of the recording material if a setting of dividing the image data of one page and printing the image data on a plurality of sheets is performed, and controls the temperature of the fixing unit using the determined fixing temperature.

Abstract: In an image-forming apparatus an image-forming portion performs a printing operation in which an image is formed on a sheet. A heater thermally fixes the image on the sheet. A processor is configured to: determine whether a temperature detected by a detector is higher than a threshold value before the image-forming portion performs the printing operation; drive a fan at a first speed following start of the printing operation when the temperature is higher than the threshold value; and drive the fan at a second speed lower than the first speed for a prescribed period of time following the start of the printing operation when the temperature is lower than the threshold value or equal to the threshold value, and subsequently drive the fan at the first speed; control a temperature of the heater based on the temperature detected by the detector while the image-forming portion performs the printing operation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an endless belt, a heater, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and a controller. The endless belt has a center portion and end portions in an axial direction, and defines an internal space therein and an outer peripheral surface. The first temperature sensor is positioned at the center portion and facing the outer peripheral surface. The second temperature sensor is positioned at one of the end portions and in the internal space. The controller is configured to: receive a first signal from the first temperature sensor; control the heater based on the first signal; receive a second signal from the second temperature sensor; and determine whether an edge overheat occurs at the one of the end portions based on the second signal.

Abstract: In an image heating apparatus including heat generating members arranged along a longitudinal direction of a belt, when an image heating operation is performed on a recording material having a width which is smaller than a maximum width of the recording material usable in the image heating apparatus, the heat generating member positioned within an area corresponding to a non passing portion of the recording material is actuated together with the heat generating member positioned within an area corresponding to a non passing portion of the recording material.

Abstract: A fuser assembly for an imaging device is shown and described. The fuser assembly includes a heat transfer member for generating heat and a backup roll coupled to the heat transfer member and rotatable therewith. The backup roll includes a central core and a rubber layer surrounding the central core. The fuser assembly further includes a plurality of end cap members, each end cap member being disposed at an end of the backup roll and dimensioned for substantially preventing outward expansion of the rubber layer in an axial direction of the backup roll.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a rotatable member having an electroconductive layer; a magnetic member which does not form a loop outside the electroconductive layer; a coil helically wound outside said magnetic member, wherein the coil forms an AC magnetic field by a flow of a current therethrough to cause the electroconductive layer to generate heat through electromagnetic induction heating; and a back-up member. When a circumferential direction resistance R of the electroconductive layer is represented by the following formula (1), a frequency f of the AC magnetic field and the circumferential direction resistance R satisfy the following formula (2): R=?×2?r/tw??(1) f/R?15 (kHz/milliohm)??(2) where with respect to the electroconductive layer, ? is a volume resistivity at a fixing temperature, t is a thickness, r is a radius, and w is a length with respect to a generatrix direction of the rotatable member.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an endless belt rotatable in a given direction of rotation and a thermal conductor to conduct heat from a heater to the endless belt. A pressure rotator is pressed against the endless belt to form a fixing nip therebetween. An abutment contacts the endless belt to restrict a trajectory of the endless belt to bring the endless belt into contact with the thermal conductor in a particular circumferential span spanning from a particular position upstream from the fixing nip to the fixing nip in the direction of rotation of the endless belt and to separate the endless belt from the thermal conductor in at least a part of an outboard circumferential span outboard from the particular circumferential span in the direction of rotation of the endless belt.

Abstract: A member for use in a fixing device includes a base member that has a substantially cylindrical shape, and a covering member with which an outer peripheral surface of the base member is covered, the covering member including a first release layer that contains a first fluorocarbon resin and a second release layer that contains a second fluorocarbon resin and that is stacked on an area in the outer peripheral surface of the first release layer other than end portions of the outer peripheral surface of the first release layer in a width direction. In the covering member, a coefficient of kinetic friction of the outer peripheral surface of the first release layer that is exposed at ends of the member for use in a fixing device in the width direction is greater than a coefficient of kinetic friction of an outer peripheral surface of the second release layer.

Abstract: A roller support mechanism supports a rotary shaft of a second roller disposed in parallel with a first roller. The roller support mechanism includes a support frame, a cover member, a bearing member, and an urging member. The support frame is made of sheet metal and has a support groove extending in a direction away from the first roller and receiving the rotary shaft. The cover member is made of sheet metal and is attached to the support groove to cover a pair of side edge sections facing each other across the support groove. The bearing member is made of resin and has a bearing groove that rotatably supports the rotary shaft. The bearing member is disposed in the support groove, with the cover member interposed therebetween, so as to be movable in a direction toward/away from a bottom of the support groove. The urging member urges the bearing member in a direction away from the bottom of the support groove.

Abstract: A printing arrangement and printing method are disclosed for two-sided printing on a recording medium, in which intermediate fixing by superheated steam takes place after printing on the first side of the recording medium. Owing to the intermediate fixing, damage to the print image of the first side during subsequent printing on the second side is avoided without the recording medium being impaired by the intermediate fixing.

Abstract: The image forming system includes an image forming apparatus, and an option device including a setting unit that includes a setting port where a value is set in a state of being connected to the image forming apparatus, and an input/output port. The setting unit transmits a response signal to the image forming apparatus according to a comparison result between a value of first data received from the image forming apparatus and the value of a signal set in the setting port. The image forming apparatus transmits recognition data on the option device to the option device according to the response signal. The setting unit sets a value of a signal at the input/output port based on the recognition data.

Abstract: An image forming unit forms a plurality of measurement images based on a plurality of process conditions. A measurement unit measures the density of each of the plurality of measurement images. A determination unit uses a first determination mode or a second determination mode. In the first determination mode, a process condition is determined from a first measurement result higher than target density and a second measurement result lower than the target density, from among a plurality of measurement results. In the second determination mode, the process condition is determined from measurement results lower than the target density.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus forms decision registration mark for deciding whether or not a color registration correction for correcting color shifts in the color image carries out on an intermediate transfer belt. The decision registration mark is formed by registering four color registration marks. Color registration sensors detect a detection width of the decision registration mark along a sub scanning direction. A control portion receives the detection width of the decision registration mark and decides whether or not the color registration correction carries out based on whether or not the detection width of the decision mark detected by the detection portion exceeds the period of reference time. When the detection width of the decision mark detected by the detection portion exceeds the period of reference time, the control portion carries out the color registration correction.

Abstract: Provided are a first detecting unit having a singular first light-receiving element disposed to face a direction of normal reflection of light, the light having been emitted from a first light-emitting element toward a first detection image formed on the rotary member and reflected thereat, and a second detecting unit having a singular second light-receiving element disposed to face a direction different from a direction of normal reflection of light, the light having been emitted from a second light-emitting element toward a second detection image formed on the rotary member and reflected thereat. A value relating to toner density is obtained based on a first detection result detected by the first detecting unit and a second detection result detected by the second detecting unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion, a storage portion, a density measurement portion, a calibration portion, and a correction portion. The image forming portion is configured to form an image by using a developer. The storage portion is configured to store a relationship between a number of pixels formed by the image forming portion and a usage amount of the developer. The density measurement portion is configured to perform measurement of a density of a patch image formed by the image forming portion. The calibration portion is configured to perform calibration based on the measured density. The correction portion is configured to perform correction of the relationship between the number of pixels and the usage amount of the developer, the relationship being stored in the storage portion, by using differences in number of pixels at a plurality of previously set densities between before and after the calibration.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes an image forming portion, a curling correction portion, and a speed control portion. The image forming portion forms an image on a recording medium. The curling correction portion has one pair of rollers composed of members that respectively have different elasticities and are pressed against each other, and corrects curling that has occurred in the recording medium after image formation performed thereon by the image forming portion, by conveying the recording medium sandwiched with the roller pair. The speed control portion changes a conveyance speed of the recording medium by the roller pair based on a density value of an image formed on the recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming system includes an image forming unit, a post-processing unit, an acquiring unit, a first transmitting unit, and a post-processing control unit. The image forming unit forms an image on a recording medium. The post-processing unit is provided at a side for discharging the recording medium of the image forming unit and performs predetermined post-processing on the recording medium. The acquiring unit acquires a discharge timing at which the recording medium is discharged from the image forming unit. The first transmitting unit transmits a post-processing start signal corresponding to the discharge timing. The post-processing control unit causes the post-processing unit to start the post-processing when receiving the post-processing start signal from the first transmitting unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: a plurality of process units; a circuit board configured to generate voltages to be applied to the plurality of process units; and a plurality of separate power feeding members configured to supply the voltages to the process units, wherein the plurality of separate power feeding members holds the circuit board, the circuit board including: a plurality of voltage output portions arranged at different positions in a direction along an outer edge of the circuit board; and a plurality of positioning holes configured to position the plurality of separate power feeding members, and wherein the plurality of separate power feeding members each includes: a connecting portion to be connected to a corresponding one of the voltage output portions; a positioning portion to be fitted into a corresponding one of the positioning holes; and a latching portion configured to latch the circuit board.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes photoconductors. Electrifiers uniformly electrify surfaces of the photoconductors. A power source applies an electrifying voltage to the electrifiers. A current measurer measures alternating current caused to flow by application of AC voltage by the power source. A controller calculates discharge starting voltage. Environment detectors detect an environment inside of the apparatus. The controller operates the current measurer at each predetermined timing to acquire the discharge starting voltage. When acquiring the discharge starting voltage, the controller changes peak-to-peak voltage at pre-discharge voltage and at post-discharge voltage. The current measurer measures alternating current at measurement points of each of the pre-discharge and post-discharge voltages. The controller calculates a voltage value at an intersection of a first line and a second line.

Abstract: A toner conveying device includes a common conveyance path, toner input paths and blades. A screw for conveying a toner is installed in the common conveyance path. The toner input paths extend in an up-down direction and have lower ends connected to the common conveyance path. The blades are installed so as to make contact with a shaft of the screw and are configured to scrape off a toner adhering to the shaft of the screw. The blades are arranged immediately below the toner input paths so as to make contact with the shaft of the screw. The blades are disposed at a pitch of an integer multiple of a pitch of the fin of the screw.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a collecting container; connecting portions; shutters; first urging members for urging the shutters; a movable member which is accommodated toward the collecting container by contact with the main assembly when the collecting container is mounted in a mounting portion and which is projected outwardly from a side portion of the collecting container when the collecting container is dismounted from the mounting position; and a second urging member for urging the movable member. When the collecting container is mounted in the main assembly, the first urging members and the second urging member are provided so that a sum of rotation moment acting on the collecting container by the first urging members and rotation moment acting on the collecting container by the second urging member are directed opposite to each other.

Abstract: A replaceable unit for an electrophotographic image forming device according to one example embodiment includes an elongated body extending along a lengthwise dimension between a front and a rear of the body. The body has a reservoir for holding toner. The body includes an extension downward from the bottom of the body near the rear of the body. The extension has a downward chute formed therein in fluid communication with the reservoir. A rear face of the extension is unobstructed to receive a bias force in a forward direction toward the front of the body along the lengthwise dimension. An outlet port on the bottom of the extension is in fluid communication with the chute for transferring toner out of the reservoir. The replaceable unit may include a positioning bump on the bottom of the body at a rearmost position on the bottom of the body.

Abstract: An acoustic device includes an opening; a flange forming the opening; a first member including the opening and the flange; and a second member joined to the first member, thereby forming a cavity. The second member is formed of a material with a density lower than a material of the first member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including an image forming unit having a photosensitive drum and a developer device; a first frame, made of a resin, formed in an approximate shape of a rectangle plate having shorter sides and longer sides, and arranged on one end, along an axial direction of a rotation axis of the photosensitive drum, of the image forming unit; a first beam formed in an elongated shape, arranged along and fixed to a planar face of the first frame, is provided. The first beam is arranged to partly overlap the image forming unit, when viewed along a facing direction to face the planar face of the first frame orthogonally, and is fixed to end parts on the longer sides of the first frame at longitudinal ends thereof at least along the facing direction.

Abstract: A frame of an apparatus includes first and second skeleton frames arranged to face each other and third and fourth skeleton frames configured to couple the first and second skeleton frames. A first installation portion is provided on the third skeleton frame at a position closer to the second skeleton frame side than a center portion of the third skeleton frame. Second and third installation portions are provided on the fourth skeleton frame. A coupling stay includes a first end portion fixed to the third skeleton frame at a position closer to one skeleton frame out of the first and second skeleton frames than the center of the third skeleton frame and a second end portion fixed to the other skeleton frame out of the first and second skeleton frames at a position closer to the fourth skeleton frame side than the third skeleton frame.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus include a door through which a tray carrying a cartridge passes. In a door closing operation, (i) movement of the tray from a movable position to an image forming position, (ii) movement of a drive transmission member, for transmitting a driving force to the cartridge from a main assembly, from a first spacing position to a drive-connecting position, (iii) movement of an urging member for urging the cartridge to the main assembly from a second spacing position to a contact position, and (iv) movement of an electric energy supply member, for supplying electric power to the cartridge from the main assembly, from a third spacing position to an electric energy supplying position, are carried out in the order named.

Abstract: Apparatus main body of image forming apparatus includes first rotation portion, second rotation portion, and lever. Toner container includes opening/closing mechanism for opening and closing the toner discharge outlet, and first coupling portion that is provided rotatably with respect to the housing and configured to, when the toner container is attached to the apparatus main body, be coupled with the first rotation portion of the apparatus main body to be integrally rotatable therewith. The opening/closing mechanism includes second coupling portion configured to, when the toner container is attached to the apparatus main body, be coupled with the second rotation portion of the apparatus main body to be integrally rotatable therewith. The opening/closing mechanism is configured to open and close the toner discharge outlet as the second coupling portion is rotated. The second coupling portion and the first coupling portion are configured to rotate in conjunction with each other.

Abstract: A developing cartridge includes a casing, a rotating member, and an electrode member. The casing may be configured to accommodate therein developer. The rotating member has a rotational shaft extending in an axial direction. The rotating member is configured to rotate about the rotational shaft and carries the developer thereon. The electrode member is configured to be electrically connected to the rotating member. The electrode member covers at least part of the rotational shaft from an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the axial direction and is arranged to confront the casing in the axial direction. The electrode member is configured to move in the orthogonal direction in accordance with a movement in the axial direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has: an exhaust air duct capable of forming a first air flow path for an exhaust air cleaning function and a second air flow path for a room air cleaning function, the exhaust air duct having a common use space used in common for the exhaust air cleaning function and the room air cleaning function; a switching member configured to switch a flow path in the exhaust air duct, depending on which of the cleaning functions is activated; a fan configured to discharge air from the common use space in an active state of the exhaust air cleaning function and in an active state of the room air cleaning function; and a control unit configured to control the switching member and to adjust a rotation speed of the fan, depending on which of the cleaning functions is activated.

Abstract: Universal running equation of time mechanism including a differential device outputting a running equation minute, the running equation minute driving a true minute which, via a true equation motion work drives a true hour, the civil time minute cannon-pinion driving, via a motion work wheel set, a civil hour wheel, a jumper spring, integral with the civil hour wheel, cooperating with a star having twelve teeth connected to an arbor carrying a civil hour hand, a time zone wheel also being integral with the arbor, a time difference and display train applying the time difference linked to the longitude position of the user relative to the center of the time zone to the true running equation hour, the time zone wheel applying to the civil hour wheel, in forward or backward one-hour steps, the time difference between the civil time at the place where the user is situated and the time at the center of the time zone.