Abstract: The invention relates to use of a catalyst comprising particles of nickel dispersed in a porous silica matrix for catalysing a methanation reaction. There is also described a method for methanation of a feedstock at least comprising gases carbon monoxide and hydrogen, said method comprising contacting the feedstock with the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to base oils for lubricating compositions. In particular, the present invention provides a process for the selective oligomerisation of C5 to C20 alpha-olefins to produce polyalphaolefin oligomers with a molecular weight distribution that is suitable for use in lubricant base oils.

Abstract: Alkylation systems and processes are described herein. The alkylation system generally includes a preliminary alkylation system containing a preliminary alkylation catalyst therein and adapted to contact an aromatic compound and an alkylating agent with the preliminary alkylation catalyst so as to alkylate the aromatic compound and form a preliminary output stream, wherein the preliminary alkylation system includes a first preliminary alkylation reactor and a second preliminary alkylation reactor connected in parallel to the first preliminary alkylation reactor and a primary alkylation system adapted to receive the preliminary output stream and contact the preliminary output stream and the alkylating agent with a primary alkylation catalyst disposed therein so as to form a primary output stream.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting the polymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer, such as styrene monomer, during elevated temperature processing or distillation thereof. The compositions comprise an inhibitor combination of (A) a hydroxylamine and (B) a stable free radical plus a retarder that is either; (C) dinitrobutylphenol or (D) quinone methide. The ratio of (A) to (B) ranges from about 5% (A) to 95% (B) to about 95% (A) to about 5% (B). The compositions are added to the vinyl aromatic monomer in amounts sufficient to prevent polymerization during the distillation process. Typically the inhibitor combination is added to the vinyl aromatic monomer in an amount ranging from about 10 to 150 ppm of the monomer. Retarders are typically added in an amount ranging from 50 to 1500 ppm of the vinyl aromatic monomer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fluorine-containing olefin, the method comprising reacting a chlorine-containing compound represented by a specific formula with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a chromium atom-containing fluorination catalyst, the reaction being carried out at a temperature within the range of 200 to 350° C. in the presence of 0.0001 to 0.03 mol of molecular chlorine per mol of the chlorine-containing compound. The present invention is capable of achieving the effect of suppressing catalyst deterioration, maintaining the starting material conversion and the target product selectivity within excellent ranges, and reducing adverse effects caused by the use of a large amount of non-condensable gas.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one RfC?CX impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one RfC?CX impurity in the mixture; wherein Rf is a straight-chain perfluorinated alkyl group, and X is H, F, Cl, Br or I; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the catalytic conversion of a saccharide-containing feedstock in a reactor, wherein saccharide-containing feedstock is provided to the reactor as a feed stream through a feed pipe and is contacted with a catalyst system in the reactor and a reaction product is continuously removed from the reactor and wherein the saccharide-containing feedstock is provided through the feed pipe as a pulsed flow and is alternated with a second feed stream comprising a solvent being provided through the same feed pipe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the chemical digestion of keratin, such as avian feathers and wool. The digestion product is made by heating the feathers or wool with a solvent selected from glycols, alkanolamines, polyamines, and combinations thereof. The resulting digested keratin product is a keratin-derived polyol useful for making polymeric materials such as polyurethanes. The digestion products provide a sustainable alternative to petrochemical based intermediates.

Abstract: A process produces 1,4-butanediol by purifying 1,4-butanediol originated from a fermentation broth, by which process 1,4-butanediol having properties suited as a material of producing a polyester is obtained, which 1,4-butanediol enables to reduce by-production of tetrahydrofuran during the esterification reaction and to reduce the delay in polymerization. The process of producing 1,4-butanediol includes adding an alkaline substance other than an ammonia or an amine to an aqueous 1,4-butanediol-containing solution originated from a fermentation broth; distilling the resulting mixture; and recovering a 1,4-butanediol-containing solution from the vapor flow.

Abstract: This invention provides methods to demulsify organic products from emulsions, using demulsifying solvents which act as a combination of demulsifier and low volume extraction solvent. The methods can be applied to purify organic products such as fatty alcohols from emulsions including those generated from fermentation broths.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a novel glycerol purification process that produces partially refined waste glycerol for a variety of industrial applications. The disclosure encompasses a salt-containing partially refined glycerol composition that is suitable as a fermentation grade glycerol.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a cycloalkyl alkyl ether compound comprising reacting substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentene or substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexene with an alcohol compound represented by a formula (2): R1OH (wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms) in a gaseous state in presence of an acidic ion-exchange resin to produce a cycloalkyl alkyl ether compound represented by a formula (1): R1—O—R2 (wherein R1 is the same as defined above, and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl group), the acidic ion-exchange resin having a specific surface area of 20 to 50 m2/g, an average pore size of 20 to 70 nm, and a total exchange capacity of 4.8 to 6.0 eq/L-R wet resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a monoalkenyl-containing glycerin derivative with purity of not less than 92% and electrical conductivity of not greater than 50 ?S/cm. The monoalkenyl-containing glycerin derivative can be manufactured by a manufacturing method comprising a step (A): a step of reacting a ketalized glycerin derivative and a monoalkenyl glycidyl ether in the presence of an inorganic base to obtain a ketal of monoalkenyl-containing glycerin derivative; a step (B): a step of purifying the ketal of monoalkenyl-containing glycerin derivative obtained in the step (A) by distillation; and a step (C): a step of hydrolyzing the ketal of monoalkenyl-containing glycerin derivative obtained in the step (B). The present invention is able to provide a high-purity monoalkenyl-containing glycerin derivative that was difficult in the past.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application discloses compositions and methods of solubilizing pterostilbene or resveratrol, or mixture thereof in aqueous media.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of a metal-doped hydroxyapatite catalyst for highly selective conversion of an alcohol to an aldehyde at low temperatures. More specifically, the invention provides the use of a silver-doped hydroxyapatite catalyst for the highly selective oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. The present invention also provides the method for converting ethanol to acetaldehyde using a silver-doped hydroxyapatite catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially advantageous method for producing a dialdehyde having a production ratio of linear dialdehydes to branched dialdehydes of 80/20 to 90/10, with an amount of rhodium to be used that is lower than that in the related art.

Abstract: A chemical reactor including: a plurality of heat exchange plates which between them define reaction compartments, in which reactor each heat exchange plate includes two walls between them defining at least one heat exchange space, the respective walls being fixed together by joining regions, and the reactor also comprises at least one injection device for injecting substance into the reaction compartments, said substance-injection device passing through the heat-exchange plates in respective joining regions thereof. Also, a chemical reaction process that can be carried out in this reactor.

Abstract: The coupling of aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl halides with ?,?-difluoroketones or silyl ethers or siylenol ethers of ?,?-difluoroketones and ?,?-difluoroamides and esters are described. Further derivatization of the coupling products (such as ketone cleavage and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation) is also described.

Abstract: A perfume composition comprising an effective amount of at least one alkadienal selected from 4,8-undecadienal and isomers thereof, 4,9-dodecadienal and isomers thereof, and 4,10-tridecadienal and isomers thereof. The isomers of 4,8-undecadienal comprise Z,Z-4,8-undecadienal, E,E-4,8-undecadienal, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,8-undecadienal; the isomers of 4,9-dodecadienal comprise Z,Z-4,9-dodecadienal, E,E-4,9-dodecadienal, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,9-dodecadienal; and the isomers of 4,10-tridecadienal comprise Z,Z-4,10-tridecadienal, E,E-4,10-tridecadienal, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,10-tridecadienal. A composition comprising an effective amount of at least one alkadienal selected from 4,8-undecadienal and isomers thereof, 4,9-dodecadienal and isomers thereof, and 4,10-tridecadienal and isomers thereof. Processes for the preparation of the isomer mixtures of alkadienals are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying ?-hydroxyl-?-methyl butyrate, comprising neutralizing a crude ?-hydroxyl-?-methyl butyrate with a base to produce a salt of ?-hydroxyl-?-methyl butyrate, cooling and crystallizing, dissolving and acidifying, and extracting to obtain ?-hydroxyl-?-methyl butyrate of high purity. No strict conditions, such as high temperature and high vacuum, are required in this method. On the contrary, it has low requirement on the apparatus, the process can readily be controlled and a product with high purity can be produced.

Abstract: A process for the production of methyl acetate by carbonylating dimethyl ether with carbon monoxide in the presence of hydrogen and a zeolite catalyst wherein the process is carried out with a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide of at least 1 and the catalyst has been calcined at a temperature of from about 375° C. to about 475° C.

Abstract: Polymers including ?-hydroxymethylacrylate units and methods of preparing polymers from ?-hydroxymethylacrylates are provided. Advantageously, ?-hydroxymethylacrylates may be used in an emulsion polymerization and function as a polymerizable surfactant. The ability of the ?-hydroxymethylacrylates to be used as a polymerizable surfactant allows for emulsion polymerization systems to be prepared without other surfactants.

Abstract: A compound having a group represented by formula (Ia): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a C1 to C8 fluorinated alkyl group, ring W represents a C5 to C18 alicyclic hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent, and * represents a binding site.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I). wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C1 to C6 alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; R2 represents a C1 to C12 fluorinated saturated hydrocarbon group; W1 represents a C5 to C18 divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group; A1 and A2 independently represents a single bond or *-A3-X1-(A4-X2)a—; A3 and A4 independently represents a C1 to C6 alkanediyl group; X1 and X2 independently represents —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—; a represents 0 or 1; and * represents a bond to an oxygen atom.

Abstract: A compound having a group represented by the formula (Ia): wherein R1 represents a C1 to C8 fluorinated alkyl group, R2 represents a group having an optionally substituted C5 to C18 alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and * represents a binding site.

Abstract: The invention relates to nitroso derivatives including carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid esters of hydroxy nitroso compounds that donate nitroxyl (HNO) under physiological conditions. The compounds and compositions of the invention are useful in treating and/or preventing the onset and/or development of diseases or conditions that are responsive to nitroxyl therapy, including heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury and cancer.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing an aminopropyne or an enaminone comprising the step of reacting a metal acetylide, an amine and a carbonyl-containing compound in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. There is also provided a process for producing an aminopropyne comprising the step of reacting a metal acetylide, an amine and a halide-containing compound in the presence of a transition metal catalyst at a reaction temperature of 50° C. to 150° C. There are also provided processes to further synthesize the aminopropyne produced to obtain a butyneamine, another aminopropyne or a triazol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to unsaturated amine salts of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, to a method of producing said amine salts and to the use of said amine salts in the production of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention relates to cyclopropylamine compounds, in particular the compounds of Formula (I), and their use in therapy, including e.g. in the treatment or prevention of cancer, a neurological disease or condition, or viral infection.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel intermediate for preparing tapentadol and analogues thereof, wherein the structural formula is shown as formula I or II, and the groups are defined as the specification. The invention further discloses a method for preparing the novel intermediate and use of the intermediate for preparing tapentadol and analogues thereof. The invention can remarkably improve the product yield and quality of tapentadol, reduce the production cost, and simplify the production procedure. The preparation process is environment friendly, thus more suitable for the requirements of industrial production.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyetheramines based on 1,3-dialcohols, in particular to an etheramine mixture comprising at least 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the etheramine mixture, of anamine of Formula (I) and/or (II), wherein R1-R12 are independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, wherein at least one of R1-R6 and at least one of R7-R12 is different from H, wherein A1-A9 are independently selected from linear or branched alkylenes having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 2-10 carbon atoms, most preferably 2-5 carbon atoms, wherein Z1-Z4 are independently selected from OH or NH2, wherein at least one of Z1-Z2 and at least one of Z3-Z4 is NH2, and wherein the sum of x+y is in the range of from 2 to 200, wherein x?1 and y?1; and x1+y1 is in the range of from 2 to 200, preferably 2-20, most preferably 2-10, wherein x1?1 and y1?1.

Abstract: Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing a lipoamino acid and a lipopeptide are provided. The method can include reacting a fatty acid with an amino acid or a peptide and a co-reactant salt to form a lipoamino acid or a lipopeptide, respectively. The co-reactant salt is generally a magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, iron (II) sulfide (troilite), or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel benzamide compounds and the uses thereof for treating diseases and disorders in a patient in need thereof by increasing cellular levels of A3G and/or other members of the A3 family of proteins in the patient. The disclosed compounds include 3-benzamide compounds that may be administered to treat an HIV-1 infection or cancer in a patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides, among others, compounds of Formula (I) or a salt thereof, methods for making these compounds, degradable polymers and reinforced composites made therefrom, and methods for degrading and/or recycling the degradable polymers and reinforced composites.

Abstract: A perfume composition comprising an effective amount of at least one alkadienenitrile selected from 4,8-undecadienenitrile and isomers thereof, 4,9-dodecadienenitrile and isomers thereof, and 4,10-tridecadienenitrile and isomers thereof. The isomers of 4,8-undecadienenitrile comprise Z,Z-4,8-undecadienenitrile, E,E-4,8-undecadienenitrile, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,8-undecadienenitrile; the isomers of 4,9-dodecadienenitrile comprise Z,Z-4,9-dodecadienenitrile, E,E-4,9-dodecadienenitrile, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,9-dodecadienenitrile; and the isomers of 4,10-tridecadienenitrile comprise Z,Z-4,10-tridecadienenitrile, E,E-4,10-tridecadienenitrile, and mixed Z/E isomers of 4,10-tridecadienenitrile. A composition comprising an effective amount of at least one alkadienenitrile selected from 4,8-undecadienenitrile and isomers thereof, 4,9-dodecadienenitrile and isomers thereof, and 4,10-tridecadienenitrile and isomers thereof. Processes for the preparation of the isomeric alkadienenitriles are provided.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel intermediate for preparing tapentadol and analogues thereof, wherein the structural formula is shown as formula I or II, and the groups are defined as the specification. The invention further discloses a method for preparing the novel intermediate and use of the intermediate for preparing tapentadol and analogues thereof. The invention can remarkably improve the product yield and quality of tapentadol, reduce the production cost, and simplify the production procedure. The preparation process is environment friendly, thus more suitable for the requirements of industrial production.

Abstract: A method for producing an isocyanate, comprising: a carbamation step of generating an N-substituted carbamate from an organic primary amine, urea and an organic hydroxy compound according to a carbamation reaction, and then recovering a first gaseous phase component containing the urea and/or a compound having a carbonyl group derived from the urea, the organic hydroxy compound, and ammonia; a condensation step of condensing the first gaseous phase component with a condenser; an isocyanate production step of producing an isocyanate by subjecting the N-substituted carbamate to pyrolysis; an ammonia absorption step of allowing a second gaseous phase component containing ammonia recovered as a gaseous phase component from the condenser as a main component, to be absorbed by absorption water, and generating gas-absorbed water; and an ammonia stripping step of heating the gas-absorbed water to separate ammonia from the gas-absorbed water.

Abstract: A method for producing xylylene diisocyanate includes a thermal decomposition step of thermally decomposing xylylene dicarbamate; a first separation step of separating, from the thermal decomposition product obtained in the thermal decomposition step, an isocyanate-containing component containing xylylene diisocyanate as a main component and an alcohol-containing component containing alcohol as a main component and containing xylylene diisocyanate as a subcomponent; a second separation step of separating xylylene dicarbamate and alcohol from the alcohol-containing component obtained in the first separation step; and a returning step of returning xylylene dicarbamate obtained in the second separation step to the thermal decomposition step.

Abstract: Inhibitors that are anti-inflammatory agents are provided, as are methods of using the analogs to inhibit inflammation and prevent or treat diseases and conditions associated with inflammation, such as heart failure and autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: A salt represented by the formula (I); wherein Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a C1 to C6 perfluoroalkyl group, Lb1 represents a single bond or a divalent C1 to C24 saturated hydrocarbon groupwhere a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group and where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a hydroxyl group or a fluorine atom, and Y represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an optionally substituted C3 to C18 alicyclic hydrocarbon groupwhere a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group; and Ar represents a divalent C6 to C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group, and Z+ represents an organic sulfonium cation or an organic iodonium cation.

Abstract: Catalysts of protein-disulfide isomerization of formula: where R1 is hydrogen or —COR4, where R4 is an optionally substituted aliphatic group or an optionally substituted aryl group; R2 is hydrogen or —CO—R5, where R5 is alkyl having 1-8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl having 3-8 carbon atoms or a phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl or naphthyl group; and R3 is hydrogen or alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms. Protein folding buffers comprising one or more of the above compounds. Method of catalyzing, in vivo or in vitro, the isomerization of disulfide linkages in a protein or peptide employing above catalysts. Method of forming, in vivo or in vitro, disulfide linkages in a protein or peptide employing above catalysts.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the production of glycopyrronium tosylate and glycopyrronium tosylate compositions. Also provided herein are compositions useful in the production of glycopyrronium tosylate. Additionally provided herein are glycopyrronium tosylate compositions. Glycopyrronium tosylate is useful for the treatment of, among other conditions, hyperhidrosis.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel analogs of the DNA-alkylating agent CC-1065 and to their conjugates. Furthermore this invention concerns intermediates for the preparation of said agents and conjugates. The conjugates are designed to release their (multiple) payload after one or more activation steps and/or at a rate and time span controlled by the conjugate in order to selectively deliver and/or controllably release one or more of said DNA alkylating agents. The agents, conjugates, and intermediates can be used to treat an illness that is characterized by undesired (cell) proliferation. As an example, the agents and the conjugates of this invention may be used to treat a tumor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds of formula (I): wherein: R2, R4 and R6, either identical or different, represent a hydrogen, chlorine bromine, iodine or fluorine atom, or a group —OH or —O-alkyl comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R2? and R4?, either identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, or a group —OH or —O-alkyl comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; with R2? and/or R4? which represent a methoxy group; n is equal to 1, 2, 3; X?CH2, O, S or N(R7); and R7 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; as well as pharmaceutically acceptable hydrates, solvates and salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that bind with high affinities to the ?-, ?-and ?-opioid receptors and ?2-adrenoreceptor. In addition to providing these compounds with novel pharmacological binding properties, the invention also describes detailed novel methods for the preparation of representative compounds and a scheme for the synthesis of related compounds that bind to the opioid receptors and/or ?2-adrenoreceptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds that exhibit vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The present invention is also directed to methods of identifying such compounds, and use of such compounds for the treatment of diseases related to dysfunction of vasodilation, inflammation, and/or endothelial cells. In particular non-limiting embodiments, components of the invention may be used to treat hypertension.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted oxopyridine derivatives and to processes for their preparation, and also to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular cardiovascular disorders, preferably thrombotic or thromboembolic disorders, and oedemas, and also ophthalmic disorders.

Abstract: Provided is a method for refining quinolinic acid, including the steps of: preparing a fermentation solution including at least one of quinolinic acid and a salt thereof; removing microbial cells from the fermentation solution; preparing an acidic composition containing at least one of quinolinic acid and a salt thereof at a saturation concentration or more by adding an acid to the fermentation solution; and recovering a crystal of least one of quinolinic acid and a salt thereof from the acidic composition.

Abstract: A derivative of nicotinic acid N-oxide is described having formula (I): that acts as inhibitor of enzyme 3-hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-dioxygenase (3HAO), and is thus able to reduce QUIN biosynthesis in vivo under excitotoxic or pathological conditions, said compound being at the same time also chemically stable towards auto-oxidation.