Abstract: A method for producing polycrystalline ceramic structure includes the steps of: a) performing a material-feeding procedure, wherein ceramic powder and associated materials are provided, ground and mixed thoroughly; b) performing a molding procedure wherein the mixed materials are pressed and molded through a cold-isostatic-pressing process and form a preform; c) performing a high sintering process and an annealing process to the preform; and d) performing a grinding-and polishing procedure to the preform so as to obtain the polycrystalline ceramic structure that is useful to make laminates for display devices of one or more specifications. The polycrystalline ceramic structure made using the method possesses desired transparence and heat transfer coefficient, and is suitable for making laminates used in display devices.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating a ceramic matrix composite are disclosed. A fiber preform may be placed in a mold. An aqueous solution may be added to the fiber preform. The aqueous solution may include water, carbon nanotubes, and a binder. The preform may be frozen. Freezing the preform may cause the water to expand and separate fibers in the fiber preform. The carbon nanotubes may bond to the fibers. The preform may be freeze dried to remove the water. The preform may then be processed according to standard CMC process.

Abstract: A ceramic assembly is provided with a first ceramic component having a first surface, a second ceramic component having a second surface, and a joining section comprising a CVD ceramic which fills the region where the first surface and the second surface face each other.

Abstract: A metal-ceramic composite includes a ceramic substrate and a metallic composite. A groove is formed in a surface of the ceramic substrate and the metallic composite is filled in the groove. The metallic composite includes a Zr based alloy-A composite. A includes at least one selected from a group consisting of W, Mo, Ni, Cr, stainless steel, WC, TiC, SiC, ZrC and ZrO2. Based on the total volume of the Zr based alloy-A composite, the content of A is about 30% to about 70% by volume. A method for preparing the metal-ceramic composite is also provided.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a base material and a coating formed on the base material. The base material is a sintered body containing 30 to 80% by volume of cubic boron nitride, and a binder. The surface in contact with the coating, of the base material, has a plurality of convex portions made of the cubic boron nitride and a plurality of concave portions made of the binder. A surface roughness Rsub of the surface in contact with the base material, is 0.1 to 0.4 ?m. A surface roughness Rsurf of an outermost surface of the coating is 0 to 0.15 ?m. A surface roughness Rasurf of the outermost surface of the coating is 0 to 0.1 ?m. The surface roughness Rsub of the surface in contact with the coating, of the base material, is greater than the surface roughness Rsurf of the outermost surface of the coating.

Abstract: A soil additive comprising a sugar ferment wherein said ferment contains signalling molecules comprising between about 1-50% of the organic matter present in the ferment.

Abstract: A granularized sulfonated humate powder material is provided that includes a sulfonated cationic humate composed of at least one of humic acid, fulvic acid, or a combination thereof in the form of granules of from 0.1 to 6 millimeters in size. The humate powder material is water soluble with limited dusting and the ability to form a concentrated solution for application. A process of formulating the sulfonated potassium humate powder in granular form includes a lignin or lignosulfonate being metered into a powder of sulfonated potassium humate to allow for granulation without a solubilizing the powder by matching a lignin particle size to a particle sizing of said powder. The lignin or lignosulfonate and the powder are mixed into the granular form with a granule size of 0.1 to 6 millimeters.

Abstract: A process for producing olefins from oxygenates can include the following steps: (i) heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of at least one oxygenate to a product stream containing C2 olefins, C3 olefins, C4 olefins, C5/6 hydrocarbon compounds, and C7+ hydrocarbon compounds; and (ii) separation of a propylene stream consisting of C3 olefins for at least 95 wt-%, wherein at least 10 wt-% of the propylene stream are recirculated into process step (i).

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing normal paraffins. A method includes contacting a feedstock with a deoxygenation catalyst to produce a paraffin stream, where the feedstock includes a natural oil, and where the deoxygenation catalyst is sulfided. The reactions conditions are controlled when the feedstock contacts the deoxygenation catalyst to control a C11 to C12 normal paraffin ratio, by weight to within about 0.4 to about 1.7.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for dehydrogenation of a paraffin comprising: providing a dehydrogenation reactor comprising an integrated fluidized bed reactor and a regenerator reactor, wherein the integrated fluidized bed reactor has a first longitudinal axis and comprises an inner surface defining an interior space, wherein the regenerator reactor has a second longitudinal axis and is positioned at least partially within the interior space; activating a deactivated catalyst present in the regenerator reactor by performing a exothermic catalyst regeneration reaction to produce an activated catalyst and heat; transferring the heat to the integrated fluidized bed reactor; and dehydrogenating a paraffm present in the integrated fluidized bed reactor by performing an endothermic reaction with a catalyst, the paraffm, and at least a portion of the transferred heat to forma dehydrogenation product.

Abstract: The present invention relates, at least in part, to a process for making chlorotrifluoroethylene (CFO-1113) from 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a). In certain aspects, the process includes dehydrochlorinating 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more metal halides; (ii) one or more halogenated metal oxides; (iii) one or more zero-valent metals or metal alloys; (iv) combinations thereof.

Abstract: This specification discloses a complete method to manufacture polyester articles from freshly harvested ligno-cellulosic biomass. The process steps include pretreating the biomass and the converting the lignin to one of several possible organic steams by deoxygenating and dehydrogenating the lignin in the presence of a Raney Nickel catalyst, separating the organics, and then processing the organics into polyester feedstocks and converting those feedstocks to polyester.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing lavandulal at a high yield by controlling formation of its isomer of lavandulal as a by-product. In a method of producing lavandulal by making an acetal compound represented by the following formula (I) react with 3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the method includes: adding, to a liquid mixture comprising an acid catalyst, an acetal compound represented by the following formula (I), and 3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol in at least a portion of an amount to be used (3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol (a)), 3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol in the other portion of the amount to be used (3-methyl-1-butene-3-ol (b)); and maintaining the liquid mixture at a temperature of 110° C. or higher: in which Each R in the formula (I) represents an alkyl group.

Abstract: A method of using homogenous rhodium catalysts comprising N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for the hydroformylation of olefins and substituted olefins is provided. In some aspects, the methods provided herein relate to the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol to 4-hydroxybutaldehyde in the presence of a rhodium catalyst which contains one or more N-heterocyclic carbene ligands of the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are defined herein.

Abstract: A composition and the use of said composition as catalytically active composition in processes for synthesis of chemical compounds, especially the hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon mixtures.

Abstract: A hydroformylation system for making aldehyde by reacting olefin with synthesis gas by way of hydroformylation is improved by multi-stage condensation of gaseous reactor effluent for providing liquid feed to a gas-liquid contact zone. The process provides for condensing and separating the gaseous reactor output stream in a plurality of successive condenser stages into gaseous condenser output streams and liquid condenser output streams having differing temperatures and feeding the recovered liquid to the gas-liquid contact zone to improve olefin recovery by stripping.

Abstract: The compound according to Formula I is an intermediate in the synthesis of prostacylin analogs. The present invention provides an efficient method for synthesizing a Formula I compound.

Abstract: The present disclosures and inventions relate to a supported catalyst composition for the catalytic oxidation of a hydrocarbon such as propane with oxygen or air, in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising a support material and a mixed metal composition comprising metals in the molar ratios described by the formula MoaVbGacPddNbeZf, wherein the support material is neutral or oxidative.

Abstract: Gamma-butyrolactone (“GBL”) and Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (“GHB”) having a unique carbon footprint as defined by the percent modern carbon (pmc) are described herein. The percent modern carbon can be controlled by varying the amounts of biobased, renewable starting materials and petroleum-based starting materials to prepare GBL or GHB having a defined pmc or by preparing mixtures of GBL or GHB prepared from biobased renewable starting materials and GBL or GHB prepared from petroleum-based starting materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing methyl methacrylate, comprising the following steps: A) producing methacrolein and B) reacting the methacrolein obtained in step A) in an oxidative esterification reaction to give methyl methacrylate, characterized in that the two steps A) and B) take place in a liquid phase at a pressure of from 2 to 100 bar, and step B) is carried out in the presence of a heterogeneous noble-metal-containing catalyst comprising metals and/or comprising metal oxides.

Abstract: A process for forming methyl methacrylate can comprise: reacting ethylene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, in the presence of a first catalyst comprising a metal carbonyl; removing a first reaction product comprising propionaldehyde; reacting the first reaction product with formaldehyde; removing a second reaction product comprising methacrolein; reacting the second reaction product with oxygen and methanol in the presence of a second catalyst to form a third reaction product comprising methyl methacrylate. Another process for forming methyl methacrylate can comprising: reacting ethylene with carbon monoxide to form propionaldehyde; reacting the propionaldehyde with formaldehyde to form methacrolein; and reacting the methacrolein with methanol and oxygen to form the methyl methacrylate.

Abstract: Compounds having a structure of Structure I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, J1, J2, X, Z, n1 and n2 are as defined herein, and wherein at least one of R1, R2 or R3 is an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl ester, are provided. Uses of such compounds for treatment of various indications, including prostate cancer, as well as methods of treatment involving such compounds are also provided.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention provide a compound of formula (I): A-X—Y—Z—R1??(I), or a salt thereof, wherein A, X, Y, Z and R1 have any of the values defined in the specification, and methods of use thereof. For example, certain embodiments of the invention provide a method for inhibiting atherosclerosis or atherosclerotic development in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel aspirin derivatives useful for preventing and/or treating cancer. The novel compounds of this invention may be particularly useful for the prevention and/or treatment of cancers affecting the gastrointestinal system, such as colorectal cancer.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the conversion of a carbohydrate source to hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and to intermediates useful for the production of hexamethylenediamine and other industrial chemicals. HMDA is produced by direct reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous reduction catalyst comprising Pt or by indirect reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol wherein 1,2,6-hexanetriol is produced by reduction of the furfural substrate in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising Pt and 1,2,6-hexanediol is then converted by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst comprising Pt to 1,6 hexanediol, each process then proceding to the production of HMDA by known routes, such as amination of the 1,6 hexanediol. Catalysts useful for the direct and indirect production of 1,6-hexanediol are also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the conversion of a carbohydrate source to hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and to intermediates useful for the production of hexamethylenediamine and other industrial chemicals. HMDA is produced by direct reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous reduction catalyst comprising Pt or by indirect reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol wherein 1,2,6-hexanetriol is produced by reduction of the furfural substrate in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising Pt and 1,2,6-hexanediol is then converted by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst comprising Pt to 1,6 hexanediol, each process then proceeding to the production of HMDA by known routes, such as amination of the 1,6 hexanediol. Catalysts useful for the direct and indirect production of 1,6-hexanediol are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide for efficient methods and processes for preparing ionic amino acid esters from a specific synthesis route. The disclosed embodiments consist of a single reaction step: reacting a natural or synthetic unprotected amino acid with an aliphatic, branched or aromatic fatty alcohol of even or odd number of carbon atoms from 6 to 20 with or without unsaturation(s), in stoichiometric amounts, in the presence of an organic acid (HX) like carboxylate, mesylate, tosylate or sulfonate, employed as catalyst and under conventional heating (CC) of 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of approximately 60 to 150° C. and pressure the range of approximately 0 to approximately 250 psi; the product obtained is cooled and recrystallized from ethanol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing diamino-dicyclohexyl methane (H12MDA) by hydrogenation of diamino-diphenyl methane (MDA). In the process, 4,4?-MDA used as the starting material is firstly hydrogenated to prepare 4,4?-H12MDA. When the activity of the catalyst is reduced, the feed is switched from 4,4?-MDA to the mixture of 2,4?-MDA and 4,4?-MDA, and then when the conversion is stabilized, the feed is switched to 4,4?-MDA again. The deactivated catalyst is activated on line by switching the feed to the mixture of 2,4?-MDA and 4,4?-MDA. 4,4?-H12MDA having the trans-trans isomer content of 16˜24 wt % is produced, and the mixture of 2,4?-H12MDA and 4,4?-H12MDA is also produced, wherein the content of 2,4?-H12MDA in the mixture is 4˜15 wt %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing diamines and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, wherein first aniline and formaldehyde are reacted in the absence of an acidic catalyst to form a reaction mixture containing aminal and water and, after the water has been separated, the aminal is reacted by acid catalysis to form a reaction mixture containing diamines and polyamines of the dephenylmethane series, wherein the separation of the water and aminal is supported by the use of a coalescence aid. According to the invention, a filter bed made of coalescence fiber material is used as coalescence aid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing di- and polyamines from the diphenylmethane series by converting aniline and formaldehyde in the absence of an acid catalyst to give aminal and water, removing the aqueous phase and further processing the organic aminal phase to give the di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, in which use of a coalescence aid in the phase separation of the process product obtained in aminal reaction reduces the proportion of water and hence also of water-soluble impurities in the organic phase containing the aminal. The di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series obtained by acid-catalysed rearrangement and workup after further processing of the aminal phase are outstanding suitably for preparation of the corresponding isocyanates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing diamines and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, wherein first aniline and formaldehyde are reacted in the absence of an acidic catalyst to form a reaction mixture containing aminal and water and, after the water has been separated the aminal is reacted by acid catalysis to form a reaction mixture containing diamines and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, wherein the separation of the water from the aminal is supported by the use of a coalescence aid. According to the invention, a filter bed made from coalescence fiber material is used an coalescence aid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of choline hydroxide includes reacting at a temperature above 30.0° C. ethylene oxide, trimethylamine, and water in the presence of an aqueous medium in such amounts as to form a diluted choline hydroxide solution having a choline hydroxide concentration of less than 40 wt % and removing at least a portion of the aqueous medium from the diluted choline hydroxide solution to form a concentrated aqueous choline hydroxide solution having a choline hydroxide concentration which is at least 1.05 times the choline hydroxide concentration of the diluted choline hydroxide solution. The process allows for large scale, continuous production of concentrated aqueous choline hydroxide solutions of good quality under economically advantaged consumption factors for ethylene oxide.

Abstract: Provided is a sulfonium salt manufacturing method which can reduce the production of a monosulfonium salt. A method of manufacturing a sulfonium salt includes preparing a first sulfonium salt containing a sulfonium cation and a first anion, preparing a second sulfonium salt by exchanging the first anion for a halide ion, and preparing a third sulfonium salt by exchanging the halide ion for a second anion.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising Stat3 inhibitors and certain pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and methods of use.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds represented by Structural Formula I, which can bind to CCR9 receptors and block the binding of a ligand (e.g., TECK) to the receptors. The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting a function of CCR9, and to the use compounds represented by Structural Formula I in research, therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic methods.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for preparing D,L-methionine by feeding carbon dioxide to an aqueous potassium methioninate solution obtained by hydrolysis of 5-(2-methylmercaptoethyl)hydantoin, in order to precipitate out crude methionine, which is separated off and purified. In this process an aqueous solution of the separated-off crude methionine is purified by recrystallization from a solution containing potassium ions and also a crystallization additive. The crystallization additive is a nonionic or anionic surfactant, or a mixture of different nonionic or anionic surfactants. The recrystallization occurs by introducing a 60 to 110° C.-hot methionine solution into a 35 to 80° C.-warm methionine suspension, a temperature of which is lower than that of the introduced solution, such that the temperature of the methionine suspension being maintained between 35 and 80° C. during the addition. The crystallization additive is a sorbitan fatty acid ester or a mixture of different sorbitan fatty acid esters.

Abstract: A trans-resveratrol selenide for treating cancer has such a structure as: wherein hydroxyls at position 3, 4 and 5 are replaceable, at least one hydroxyl at position 3, 4, 5 is replaced with R, R is alkali metal ion and selenium coordination complex, and The trans-resveratrol selenide preparation is able to treat various cancers, such as lung cancer, lymphoma, stomach cancer, liver cancer, small intestine cancer, colorectal cancer and gynecologic cancer, and has a good curative effect.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions which inhibit N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA). Described herein are methods for synthesizing the compounds set forth herein and methods for formulating these compounds as pharmaceutical compositions which include these compounds. Also described herein are methods of inhibiting NAAA in order to sustain the levels of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and other N-acylethanolamines (NAE) that are substrates for NAAA, in conditions characterized by reduced concentrations of NAE. Also, described here are methods of treating and ameliorating pain, inflammation, inflammatory diseases, and other disorders in which modulation of fatty acid ethanolamides is clinically or therapeutically relevant or in which decreased levels of NAE are associated with the disorder.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions which inhibit N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA). Described herein are methods for synthesizing the compounds set forth herein and methods for formulating these compounds as pharmaceutical compositions which include these compounds. Also described herein are methods of inhibiting NAAA in order to sustain the levels of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and other N-acylethanolamines (NAE) that are substrates for NAAA, in conditions characterized by reduced concentrations of NAE. Also, described here are methods of treating and ameliorating pain, inflammation, inflammatory diseases, and other disorders in which modulation of fatty acid ethanolamides is clinically or therapeutically relevant or in which decreased levels of NAE are associated with the disorder.

Abstract: The present invention describes a synergistic composition comprising of one or more statins, or one or more dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor or one or more biguanide antihyperglycaemic agent and a PPAR agonist of formula (Ia) for the treatment of diabetes, especially non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) or Type 2 diabetes and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and to compositions suitable for use in such method. The invention also describes the preparation of such compositions. The present invention also relates to certain novel salts of the PPAR agonist of formula (I): processes for the preparation of these novel salts and use thereof.

Abstract: A compound of formula (1), (1?), (1?) or (1??) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of diseases or conditions for which a bromodomain inhibitor is indicated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing enantiomerically enriched 3-hydroxymethylpiperidine and in particular of the S-enantiomer of (S)-3-hydroxymethyl-piperidine in high chemical and optical purity. The invention also relates to extremely pure (S)-3-hydroxymethylpiperidine and (R)-3-hydroxymethylpiperidine.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds which are inhibitors of acyl coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1), to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, to processes for their preparation, and to their use in therapy, alone or in combination with weight management therapies or other triglyceride lowering therapy for the prevention or treatment of diseases related to DGAT-1 dysfunction or where modulation of DGAT-1 activity may have therapeutic benefit including but not limited to obesity, obesity related disorders, genetic (Type 1, Type 5 hyperlipidemia) and acquired forms of hypertriglyceridemia or hyperlipoproteinemia-related disorders, caused by but not limited to lipodystrophy, hypothyroidism, medications (beta blockers, thiazides, estrogen, glucocorticoids, transplant) and other factors (pregnancy, alcohol intake), hyperlipoproteinemia, chylomicronemia, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular outcomes, angina, exce

Abstract: The use of compounds in the treatment of skin disorders is described. In particular, use of a compound of formula (I): or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or hydrates in the preparation of a medicament to treat skin pathologies is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amidopyridinol derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition including an amidopyridinol derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active component. An amidopyridinol derivative represented by Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has an excellent antiangiogenic effect in a chorioallantoic membrane model, and thus is useful as an agent for preventing or treating diseases associated with angiogenesis, such as macular degeneration or arthritis, and also has an excellent colitis-inhibitory effect in a model of inflammatory bowel diseases, and thus is useful as an agent for preventing or treating inflammatory bowel diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed are sulfonamidoquinoline compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use. One embodiment is a compound having the structure and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and N-oxides thereof (and solvates and hydrates thereof), wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as described herein. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein inhibits ubiquitination, and can be used to treat disease by blocking the degradation of tumor suppressors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound, that is wherein Y, W, Z, R1, R2, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined in the specification. The compounds may be administered to treat DP, FP, EP1, TP and/or EP4 receptor-mediated diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel crystalline polymorphs, solvate pseudomorphs and amorphous form of 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoro ethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (fipronil). The present invention also provides methods for preparing the novel polymorphs, pseudomorphs and amorphous form, as well as insecticidal or pesticidal compositions comprising same, and methods of use thereof as pesticidal agents.

Abstract: The new pyridazine derivatives have unexpected drug properties as inhibitors of protein kinases especially against ALK and are useful in treating disorders related to abnormal protein kinase activities such as cancer, neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel fused heterocyclic or carbocyclic compounds of formula I wherein the variables are as defined in the claims and the description. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and to their use for the treatment of vasopressin-related disorders.