Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle headlamp (1) for producing a main light distribution and an auxiliary light distribution, wherein the vehicle headlamp (1) comprises two or more LED light modules (10), wherein each of the LED light modules (10) comprises one or more primary LED light sources (11), wherein a primary LED light source (11?) comprises at least one light-emitting diode, comprises two or more secondary LED light sources (12, 12a), wherein a secondary LED light source (12, 12a) comprises at least one light-emitting diode (12?), and comprises a lens (13), wherein the light emitted by the at least one primary LED light source (11) is radiated directly onto the lens (13) and projected by the lens into the exterior space, wherein the light emitted by the primary LED light sources (11) of a all LED modules (10) forms the main light distribution, and wherein the light emitted by the secondary LED light sources (12, 12a) of an LED modules (10) is radiated onto the lens (13) of the LED module (10) by mean

Abstract: A projector type headlight can include a projection lens arranged on an optical axis extending in a longitudinal direction of a vehicle, and a light source unit arranged on a more rear side than a back side focal plane of the projection lens, the projection lens including resin lenses which are arranged on the optical axis. A resin lens out of the resin lenses arranged closer to the light source unit includes a diffraction grating provided on a lens face in a side opposite to a light source, the resin lens out of the resin lenses arranged closer to the light source unit has a lens face having a positive power, which is arranged in a light source side, and the diffraction grating is designed so as to cancel chromatic aberration of light emitted from the light source unit and emitted forward through the resin lenses.

Abstract: A self-locating light source module for an automotive lamp assembly having a reflector and housing to which the module is mounted. The light source module includes a socket and a light source holder captively retained in an aperture of the socket. The light source holder can undergo limited movement relative to the socket along a plurality of axes, including a central axis of the socket. The light source holder and central passage in the reflector having complementary tapered surfaces with the holder being biased into engagement with the passage such that the tapered surfaces and permitted relative movement of the holder allow the light source to self-locate at the desired position within the reflector.

Abstract: There is provided a lamp unit which is to be installed in a vehicle. The lamp unit includes a light source; a projector lens; a rotary shade that is disposed behind the projector lens so as to block a portion of the light emitted from the light source and that has a rotation axis; and a drive mechanism that rotates the rotary shade about the rotation axis. The rotary shade includes: a first end edge; a second end edge; and a twisted end edge that extends around the rotation axis so as to intersect with the first end edge and the second end edge. A first inclination angle is formed between the rotation axis and a first imaginary plane that is orthogonal to an optical axis of the projector lens.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combination type illumination apparatus that includes a lamp body, a lamp cap module and a LED light emitting module. The LED light emitting module is disposed on the lamp body. The lamp body has an accommodation hole and a center sleeve stored in the accommodation hole. The center sleeve includes a first joggle structure. The lamp cap module includes a second joggle structure. The second joggle structure of the lamp cap module is assembled to the first joggle structure of the center sleeve. With such structure configuration, manufacturers may assemble the combination type illumination apparatus in a joggling way instead of in a screwing or gluing method.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes: light sources each including a solid-state light-emitting device, the solid-state light-emitting device emitting light from a light emission region thereof, the light emission region including a plurality of light-emitting spots arranged along a predetermined direction; and an optical member, in which the optical member includes coupling lenses, the solid-state light-emitting device includes a single chip or a plurality of chips, the single chip or the plurality of chips in the solid-state light-emitting device having the plurality of light-emitting spots each include a laser diode, and a first coupling lens of the coupling lenses has a smaller lens effect along the predetermined direction than a lens effect along a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction in the light emission region, the first coupling lens on which laser light emitted from the solid-state light-emitting device having the plurality of light-emitting spots is incident.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) light assembly apparatus includes a housing, a lens stack, and a power supply assembly. The lens stack comprises an LED array of a plurality of LED light sources and a lens positioned in the housing with respect to the LED array to diffuse and focus light transmitted from the plurality of LED light sources and, thereby, provide a light beam out from the housing, the lens being operable to diffuse the transmitted light before focusing the transmitted light. The power supply assembly is operable to supply power to the lens stack and, thereby, power the plurality of LED sources. A method for making the beam of light is also provided.

Abstract: A luminaire having an array of light emitting diodes on a circuit board, and a generally planar lens element adjacent each of the LEDs, wherein each lens element has a plurality of concentric ridges projecting from a surface of the lens member to define Fresnel facets for redirecting light emitted from the corresponding LED, providing more uniform light distribution in a compact configuration.

Abstract: A parabolic troffer-style light fixture. The fixtures are sized to fit in, mount to, or suspend from a ceiling, such as being mounted in a conventional ceiling T-grid, for example. The fixture comprises a troffer housing that may be sized to fit in or rest on the T-grid, with the housing having a shape and size similar to those used for conventional fluorescent troffer lighting fixtures. The fixtures comprise a plurality of reflective louvers arranged in a grid that divides the fixture open end into a number of fixture regions with at least one functional louver providing a back side mount surface for light sources, for example, light emitting diodes. The functional louver mount surface faces a reflective back surface designed to redirect impinging light out of the fixture and into the lighted area.

Abstract: A lens structure for a vehicular lamp includes an incident portion surrounding a central axis. The incident portion includes a first inner annular face, a first outer annular face, and an incident face behind the first inner annular face and the first outer annular face. A rear end of a light mixing portion located in front of the incident portion is connected to a front end of the incident portion. The light mixing portion further includes a first reflective face on an inner side thereof and a second reflective face on an outer side thereof. The second reflective face has continuous toothed faces. A light output portion is located in front of the light mixing portion. A rear end of the light output portion is connected to a front end of the light mixing portion. The front end of the light output portion includes a light output face.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes: a light source section including a laser light source; an optical-path branching device outputting light incident from the light source section, by branching the light into an outgoing optical path of illumination light and other optical path; a photodetector receiving a light flux that travels on the other optical path; a control section controlling an emitted light quantity in the laser light source, based on a quantity of the light flux received by the photodetector; and a light-quantity-distribution control device disposed between the optical-path branching device and the photodetector on the other optical path, the light-quantity-distribution control device controlling a light quantity distribution in the light flux to be incident upon the photodetector.

Abstract: A radiation-emitting component with a semiconductor body is intended for emitting electromagnetic radiation from its front side. The component also includes a reflective optical element. This optical element is intended to direct some of the radiation emitted by the semiconductor body, which impinges directly on the reflective optical element, into an outer region of a target zone. A refractive optical element is intended to focus the reflected fraction of the radiation into the outer region of the target zone and to focus the remaining fraction of the radiation into an inner region of the target zone.

Abstract: A light engine housing comprising a mixing chamber element, a driver chamber element and/or a connection element, one or more of which is removable. A light engine comprising (1) a light engine housing and (2) a mixing chamber module and/or a driver module removably attached to and/or positioned in the light engine housing. Also, a light engine comprising (1) a light engine housing and a mixing chamber module and/or a driver module. Also, a solid state light engine comprising a light engine housing comprising at least a first connection element.

Abstract: A light bulb shaped lamp according to the present invention includes: a hollow globe; an LED module including a base platform and an LED chip mounted on the base platform, the LED module being provided in the globe; a lead wire for supplying power to the LED module; and a stem extending toward the interior of the globe, in which the base platform is directly fixed to the stem.

Abstract: A portable light may comprise: a light housing for enclosing a source of electrical power and supporting an electrical light source, a face cap rotatably mounted to the light housing. The face cap may have one or more lenses positionable in front of the electrical light source. A light source control circuit interior the light housing has at least one switch actuator for selectively energizing the light source, and an actuator member of the face cap. Rotating the face cap moves the actuator member into a position to actuate the switch actuator, whereby rotating the face cap produces the selective energization of the light source. The portable light may require a tool to open the housing, e.g., to replace the source of electrical power and/or may be pivotably mounted to a light base.

Abstract: A rotary optically controlled LED night lamp includes: a body; and a rotary plug holder connected to the body; wherein the body has an upper portion and a lower portion, the lower portion has a containing space, an optically controlled switch is provided inside the containing space; a round slot is provided on the lower portion, location flanges are provided on the round slot; wherein the rotary plug holder includes: a holder body; and a rotary connector connected to the holder body; wherein location slots engaged with the location flanges are provided on the holder body. An LED is connected to the optically controlled switch in such a manner that the LED is controlled optically; the location flanges are engaged with the location slots in such a manner that the night lamp can rotate for 360° freely for solving a illuminating angle locating problem.

Abstract: There is provided a lighting device (100) comprising at least one light source for providing light, a envelope encompassing said light source, a base to which said envelope is engaged, and a control means for adjusting the lighting settings of said lighting device. The control means are arranged for detecting a position in relation to the base of a point of reference being movably arranged on the lighting device. The lighting settings are adjusted in response to the detected position.

Abstract: A system for cooling various components of an electronic display. One or more heat-generating components are preferably placed in thermal communication with a plate and ribs. One or more fans are placed to draw cooling air along the ribs to remove the heat removed from the component. Some embodiments may place the electronic image assembly in thermal communication with the ribs to remove heat from the electronic image assembly. Exemplary embodiments have power modules and the electronic image assembly in thermal communication with the ribs. Conductive thermal communication is established between the ribs and the components in the exemplary embodiments.

Abstract: An underwater light or submersible luminaire may include a housing and a transparent pressure bearing window positioned at a forward end of the housing. Window supporting structure may be mounted in the housing behind the transparent window. A water-tight seal may be located between the window and the housing. A circuit element may be configured and positioned within the housing behind the window supporting structure to bear at least some of the pressure applied to the transparent window. At least one solid state light source may be mounted on the circuit element behind the transparent window.

Abstract: A lamp assembly for attachment to a vehicle, comprising a lamp which includes a housing having an axially extending member, the axially extending member extendable through an opening in a vehicle mounting panel and below the vehicle mounting panel. An anti-theft collar is included around at least a portion of the axially extending member, the collar being securable to said axially extending member. The collar has a first set of projections to snap fit attach to the vehicle mounting panel at a first depth and a second set of projections to snap fit attach to the vehicle mounting panel at a second depth.

Abstract: A lighting fixture for use in applications subject to vibrations, such as ceiling fans, the lighting fixture including a socket to accommodate a light bulb, a fixture body to accommodate the socket and house an electrical connection provided to the socket, and a vibration damping member provided between the fixture body and socket to absorb at least a portion of vibrations transferred from the fixture body.

Abstract: A power plant includes a boiler, a steam turbine, a generator driven by that steam turbine, a condenser, a post combustion processing system and an energy storage system including at least one electrochemical cell to store excess electrical energy generated by the generator during period valley demand and release thermal energy for power plant operations at other times.

Abstract: A burner has a fuel/oxidant nozzles and a pair of dynamical lances spaced on either side thereof that inject a jet of fuel and primary oxidant along a fuel injection axis, and jets of secondary oxidant, respectively. Jets of actuating fluid impinge against the jets of secondary oxidant to fluidically angle the jets of secondary oxidant away from the fuel injection axis. The action of the angling away together with staging of the oxidant between primary and secondary oxidant injections allows achievement of distributed combustion conditions.

Abstract: A burner includes a tube, which includes a pre-mixing chamber that generates an air-fuel mixture containing fuel and a combustion chamber that burns the fuel. A first pipe supplies fuel, which is heated by an electric heater to the pre-mixing chamber. A second pipe includes a heat exchange unit that converts combustion heat of the fuel to vaporization heat of the fuel and supplies fuel heated by the heat exchange unit to the pre-mixing chamber. The second pipe is branched from the first pipe at a branched point, and the electric heater and the heat exchange unit are connected in parallel to the pre-mixing chamber.

Abstract: A cooking top, especially for household use, comprises an upward facing top cover and at least one first gas burner, the first gas burner in turn comprising: first flame divider means which puts the first burner in operative communication with the outside of the cover and comprises first flame outlets in turn comprising outlet sections facing at least partly upwards, said outlet sections defining a first crown and said first crown defining and at least partly surrounding a first portion of the cooking top; and a secondary air feed conduit which extends at least partially inside the cooking top between an inlet section and a discharge section through which the secondary air escapes to the outside environment, the discharge section being formed in the first portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus convert carbon dioxide into chemical starting materials. Carbon dioxide is isolated from flue gas emitted by a combustion system. An electropositive metal is burned in an atmosphere of isolated carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide into chemical starting materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically sorting and blending coal and other fuel stocks through a computer-controlled process in order to achieve a specified blend of materials. By sorting fuel stocks with different characteristics into different stacking points, an operator can then automatically combine and uniformly blend these sorted fuel stocks to create a variety of blended materials with different properties tailored to the specific needs of the operator or end user. The computer-controlled nature of the process allows for precise blending in an automated and more efficient and reproducible fashion.

Abstract: The present invention is a device that supplies the latent heat for vaporization of L.P. gases. The device for a supply of fuel vapor to a fuel powered device, comprising of a supply tank; a liquid bath having a temperature control system; a LPG flow line immersed inside the liquid bath; a heating system to heat the LPG; and a vaporizer control system comprising a temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the liquid bath, the temperature sensor is connected to a solenoid valve in the vapor supply line, and wherein said temperature sensor shutting off the solenoid valve when the bath temperature drops below a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Electrical connection for connecting a phase conductor and ground cable of a thermocouple to the magnet assembly of a gas supply safety cock, including a thermocouple connection head that can be coupled to a complementary contact portion of the magnet assembly, in which the connection head of the thermocouple has a first terminal for the phase conductor, or for the ground cable, and a second terminal for the ground cable, or for the phase conductor, and in which the aforesaid contact portion of the magnet assembly has a complementary jack for the first terminal and a coupling collar for the second terminal. The second terminal advantageously has at least one thin elastic plate internally insertable in the collar, and the thermocouple's connection head and the contact portion of the magnet assembly are shaped to deform the thin elastic plate when inserted inside the same collar in contact with the latter.

Abstract: An igniter shield for use in combination with an igniter includes a substantially cylindrical-shaped body that includes a proximal portion, a distal portion, a first longitudinally oriented support and a second longitudinally oriented support wherein the first and second longitudinally oriented supports extend between and are connected to the proximal portion and the distal portion, the substantially cylindrical-shaped body further including a longitudinally oriented baffle circumferentially spaced apart from the first and second longitudinally oriented supports, wherein the baffle extends between and is connected to the proximal portion and the distal portion, and wherein the baffle includes a radially outward facing convex surface and a radially inward facing concave surface, the radially inward facing concave surface having a radius of curvature smaller than a radius of curvature of at least one of the proximal or distal portions.

Abstract: A cooling circuit of a gas turbine passes an airflow through a combustor section that includes a plurality of mixing tubes for transporting a fuel/air mixture and a perforated plate including a plurality of impingement holes and a plurality of tube holes for accommodating the mixing tubes. The tube holes and the mixing tubes form a plurality of annulus areas between the perforated plate and the mixing tubes. The impingement holes and the annulus areas are configured to pass the airflow through the perforated plate. A flow management device modifies an effective size of the annulus areas to control a distribution of the airflow through the impingement holes and the annulus areas of the perforated plate to enhance cooling efficiency.

Abstract: A fuel injector comprising: a prefilmer; a plurality of discrete fuel sources each arranged to supply fuel to a surface of the prefilmer; wherein the prefilmer comprises circumferential dispersion structure which, in use, spreads the fuel in a circumferential direction as it passes from an impingement point on the surface of the prefilmer to a downstream edge of the prefilmer.

Abstract: A burner system with staged fuel injection includes at least one burner with a mixing zone. A combustion chamber is disposed downstream of the mixing zone and a first fuel introduction device is provided upstream of the mixing zone. Furthermore, a second fuel introduction device for the direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber, is disposed downstream of the mixing zone. In addition, at least one sensor for determining combustion parameters is connected to a control device. The control device is designed to control the second fuel introduction device as a function of the parameters determined by the sensors.

Abstract: At least two radiation members are each powered by an energy source. A reflective member includes an at least partially ring-shaped concave reflective surface facing at least one radiation member which includes an at least partial ring shape for distributing energy to an at least partially ring-shaped zone. At least one other radiation member includes a lamp base assembly for being received in a lamp socket assembly, to provide illumination or other forms of radiation, with concentration in a focal zone. A remote control and switch apparatus or radiation scanning and detection control and switch apparatus is provided, for control of remote power activation, the radiation members and for activating, varying, modifying and/or controlling, optimizing, maximizing, minimizing or otherwise altering the complete or partial constructive interference and/or the complete or partial destructive interference of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the respective radiation sources of the radiator.

Abstract: A prefabricated heat-insulation panel has two hot water flow paths installed separately inside a panel, with primary and secondary connection parts provided in the panel and connected to a boiler or allowing hot water to circulate to adjacent panels. A polybutene layer with rosin as an activator is formed on the inner surface of the hot water supply pipe made of thermoplastic elastomer, and reduces the diameter and the length of the hot water supply pipes installed in the panel and the panel thickness and minimizes the boiler load.

Abstract: Modular, prefabricated radiant panel, having a sandwich structure including a thermally insulating rear layer (1), a front layer acting as mechanical support and outer surface finish, and two radiant pipes (4) integrated in the panel for the flow of a heat-carrying fluid. The radiant pipes (4) are housed in preformed grooves (2) in the thermally insulating rear layer. In the same layer there are further provided two parallel, longitudinal grooves (3) for the housing of a pair of headers (5) which supply the radiant pipes (4). The headers (5) housed in the grooves (3) cross the entire panel and end in correspondence of the opposite short sides thereof, where they are connected to the radiant pipes (4) via T-junctions (6), a free mouth of which faces outwards for connection via sleeves (7) to T-junctions (6) of other panels, both directly and through connection pipes.

Abstract: A hardware system that performs new energy- and water-saving, restorative tasks upon use is provided. In some aspects of the invention, energy-saving hot water recapturing techniques are provided. In a preferred embodiment, the system may push hot water back to a water tank, and halt such pushing after capturing all such hot water. In other aspects, specialized energy-saving pipes further assist the system, and a user's behavior may also assist the system in implementing additional energy and water-saving options and settings, including, but not limited to, a “Final Rinse” option and the timing of ending water service. In still other aspects, a user's ending use of water service a plumbing may also trigger an ending spray of handled parts of those fixtures and, optionally, a soap or antiseptic spray or other secretion. The same technology may be applied to other handles and fixtures, like door handles or elevator buttons.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes refrigerating cycle systems each connecting a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a refrigerant flow path switching device, a heat source side heat exchanger for exchanging heat for the refrigerant, an expansion device for adjusting the pressure of the refrigerant, and heat exchangers related to heat medium which exchanges heat between the refrigerant and heat medium different from the refrigerant, by piping so as to constitute refrigerant circuits; and heat medium side systems each connecting pumps for circulating the heat medium for the heat exchangers related to heat medium, use side heat exchangers for exchange heat between the heat medium and air of an air-conditioning target space and heat medium flow switching systems for switching the heat medium which passes through each heat exchangers related to heat medium to each use side heat exchanger, by piping so as to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit.

Abstract: A system and method for liquid-liquid free-cooling that may include a modular coolant distribution unit (CDU) is provided. CDUs can incorporate integral free-cooling or bolt on free-cooling switch modules. The free-cooling flow can be either direct or indirect. Units can interface with each other to provide scalable cooling for computer data centers. Embodiments of the system can integrate with electronics rack passive rear door liquid heat exchangers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an air conditioner. The air conditioner includes a main body having a blower fan to circulate air, a rotator rotatably provided in the main body, a tray provided in the main body to store humidifying water therein, and a humidifying gear module provided at a periphery thereof with a lifter connected to the rotator, the humidifying gear module being rotatably arranged in the tray so as to be rotated upon receiving rotational force of the rotator. The lifter of the humidifying gear module functions to scoop up the humidifying water during rotation of the rotator.

Abstract: A dwelling venting and cooling system that includes a set of side-by-side conduits wherein first and third conduits utilize a fan assembly that is actuated by wind power in order to vent hot air from an attic. The second conduit provides an electric fan that actuates the fan assemblies of the first and third conduits at times when wind is not sufficient to actuate the fan assemblies. The system further has attic air ducts that are in communication with vents in rooms within the dwelling in order to convey all hot air to the attic and out of the dwelling. In addition a cooling system that utilizes a water-to-air exchanger provides cool air into air ducts within the dwelling in order to replace the hot air with cool air.

Abstract: A saw enclosure having a waterproof metal base pan, with integral receiver brackets for supporting enclosure frame work, and a built in shop-vac attachment port for using a vacuum to produce negative air pressure within enclosure; removing dust, moisture and particulate laden air. The saw enclosure framework assembly includes an electric control panel comprising of a switch controlled, duplex, GFCI outlet, for simultaneously energizing the saw and vacuum, and a continuously powered duplex outlet for powering a jig saw, grinder, drill, light, or any other electrical item. The enclosure, a seamed and fitted cover of flexible fabric or plastic, includes weights or magnets to ensure a tight fit at the base pan. All components disassemble quickly, and fit within base pan, which has a detachable cover for ease of transport.

Abstract: A humidifier for use in a central HVAC duct. The humidifier includes a water delivery system for applying water to an evaporator pad, a drain system for removing excess water that is not evaporated, and a control system employing two temperature sensors directly measuring the temperature of the air before and after the evaporator pad. The control system uses the two temperatures to adjust the water flow across the pad by cycling the water delivery system so that drain water is minimized while maximizing the evaporative capacity of the humidifier thus satisfying the humidification load as quickly as possible with the least amount of drain water. The humidifier may have either an integral fan or a flow-through housing for passing air across the wetted evaporator pad to increase the humidity level of the air.

Abstract: A configurable wall module having selectable home screens, custom menu navigation, and incorporating functional design. The display utilizes fixed segments. menu navigation and configuration which may be facilitated with soft keys having indicative labels associated with them. The parameters may be accessed from categories by soft keys via two-level menu navigation. Certain parameter value and setpoint entries may be effected with up/down keys. Module configuration may be performed by a user. To provide such user capability, the module may be programmed and configured by an installer with a software configuration tool used in connection with the building automation system associated with the module.

Abstract: An appropriately treated flow of air is supplied to a room in an automatically executed pulsed operation, in which the air flow is alternately switched on and switched off. The air flow is switched off independently of the room usage state if the regulated room comfort variables lie within a respectively assigned comfort band. If at least one of the regulated room comfort variables lies outside the comfort band assigned to it, the flow of air minimized in respect of its volume is supplied to the room. This means that ventilators used for the exchange of air will be operated at the lowest possible speed, optimized in respect of time and thereby with high energy efficiency.

Abstract: A filter assembly is adapted for separating particulate matter entrained in a moving fluid stream. The filter assembly comprises a flow-through three dimensional filter frame including a plurality of joined side walls, and having first and second opposing open faces. The first open face defines a fluid inlet into which the moving fluid stream is drawn, and the second open face defines a fluid outlet from which the moving fluid stream passes. At least one of the joined side walls is inwardly angled from the first open face to the second open face, such that the fluid outlet is smaller than the fluid inlet. A filtration medium is supported within the filter frame, and extends between the joined side walls and from the first open face to the second open face.

Abstract: An arrangement for heating a medical fluid includes at least one electrically operated first heating device including at least one first warm section heating during operation of the first heating device and at least one first cold section cooling during operation of the first heating device; a first area for receiving the medical fluid to be heated, in which the first area is in heat exchange relation with the first warm section of the first heating device; and a second area that is in heat exchange relation with the first cold section of the first heating device. A medical functional device, a medical treatment apparatus as well as methods for setting and/or maintaining the temperature of a medical fluid are also described.

Abstract: A mobile system for simulating a thermal load and airflow expected in the operation of a data center includes a thermal energy source, an impeller and impeller drive unit, an outlet port, a frame and a ground engaging member. The thermal energy source provides thermal energy to air adjacent to the thermal energy source. The impeller controls a flow rate of air adjacent to the adjacent to the thermal energy source. The outlet port outputs the flowing air. The impeller drive unit drives the impeller at a frequency based on a determined airflow at the outlet port. The frame supports the thermal energy source, the impeller, the output port and the drive unit. The ground engaging member supports the frame and enables the mobility of the system.

Abstract: Solar energy may be harvested utilizing arrays of solar collectors, supported and articulated to follow movement of the sun. Particular systems include arrays of solar collectors mounted on an elevation-azimuth tracking structure. From the ground up, embodiments of this system may include a Ground Interface, a Base, an Upper Truss, and a Collector. The system is designed to transmit loads with minimal deflection from the surface of the collector to the ground, while tracking the position of the sun across the sky. The use of structural, actuator, and collector elements with a minimum amount of low-cost materials, and which are able to be mass produced, allows large scale deployment of the system at reduced cost.

Abstract: A ground source heat transfer system circulates transfer fluid between heat exchange units and a ground loop. The system includes a bypass which allows the transfer fluid to continue to circulate past the exchange units while bypassing the ground loop. Monitoring the conditions of the system with temperature sensors allows the system to selectively activate the bypass whenever diverting fluid away from the ground loop can save heat or energy.