Abstract: The depth of an ablation lesion is assessed using a differential optical response of a catheter with multiple fiberoptic transmitters and receivers at the tip. To detect tissue optical response at shallow depths, closely-spaced transmitter/receiver pairs of optical fibers are used. To detect deeper tissue response, the same or a different transmitter can be used with another receiver that is relatively farther away. The distance between the transmitter and receiver is chosen depending on the desired depth of sensing. Plateauing or peaking of the optical signal during the course of ablation indicates an end point at a selected tissue depth.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to photoacoustically image and measure a structure at the human eye fundus or components, substances, cells, tissue, or analytes within the eye and within the blood vessels of the eye including an emitter element for emitting electro-magnetic radiation, a transition element for delivering the electro-magnetic radiation into an eye, a detection element for detecting an acoustic wave and converting the acoustic wave into a digital wave signal, an analysis element for processing the digital wave signal into an image or measurement or both, and a display element for displaying a representation of the image and/or the measurement. The apparatus additionally includes a coupling member, the coupling member being configured and arranged to acoustically couple the eye to the detection element such that the acoustic wave generated within the eye can be guided onto the detection element.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photoacoustic imaging probe including a light transmitting unit configured to transmit light to a target subject to be inspected and an acoustic-wave receiving unit configured to receive an acoustic wave generated from the target subject by being irradiated with the light and to accommodate the light transmitting unit therein in a manner that a first side of the light transmitting unit is exposed to outside.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a 3-D OR-PAM image of microvasculature within a region of interest of a subject is provided. The method includes: focusing a first light pulse at a first depth beneath a first surface position within the region of interest; receiving a first PA signal in response to the first light pulse; focusing a second light pulse at a second depth beneath the first surface position within the region of interest; receiving a second PA signal in response to the second light pulse; and forming the 3-D OR-PAM image by combining the first PA signal and the second PA signal.

Abstract: A thermometer includes a temperature sensor, a computation circuit, and a wireless communications circuit. The computation circuit includes a memory and a processor, with the memory storing program code to perform the various functions of the thermometer, including computing a temperature of the patient based upon the one or more readings, and to store this temperature in the memory. The processor may also store the time at which the readings were obtained and associate it with the stored temperature. The wireless communications circuit and the computation circuit are used to establish a wireless communications link with an external device to provide temperature values stored in the memory to the external device. The associated time of the stored temperature may also be communicated to the external device. The external device can be used to view the temperature readings and to configure the thermometer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing data processing and control for use in a medical communication system are provided.

Abstract: A noninvasive arterial condition detecting system includes a processing device and an electronic stethoscope configured for auscultating carotid artery to receive sound signals. The processing device is connected to the electronic stethoscope. The processing device records the sound signals, preprocesses the sound signal to reduce noise, measures a trough-peak distance and a trough-peak time, and generates an estimate result of arterial conditions according to the trough-peak distance and the trough-peak time. The trough-peak distance and the trough-peak time are related to the health of the carotid artery walls.

Abstract: A portable wearable computing device configured to continuously obtain data indicative of a patient's vital signs is disclosed. The portable wearable computing device includes a temperature sensor configured to obtain data indicative of body temperature of the patient. The portable wearable computing device further includes a blood oxygen saturation sensor configured to obtain data indicative of amount of oxygen present in the patient's body. The portable wearable computing device further includes an arterial waveform sensor configured to obtain data indicative of an arterial waveform produced by the patient's artery. The portable wearable computing device further includes a processor coupled to the temperature sensor, the blood oxygen sensor, and the blood pressure sensor, and configured to receive the obtained data indicative of the patient's vital signs.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the instant disclosure are sensing and/or providing estimates for blood pressure or cardiac output by using time-synchronous communication (or correlation) between two sensors. Specific embodiments concern an arrangement of devices including a time-synchronous circuit and a sensor. The sensor is configured to obtain, at or near a lower-body/extremity location of the user, time-related data indicative of speed or transit time of a propagating pressure wave while the wave travels in an artery and down a leg of the user. The time-synchronous circuit is configured to correlate information corresponding to or derived from the time-related data in a time synchronous manner with other cardiovascular information. The cardiovascular information corresponds to or is derived from hemodynamic output from the user by another sensor located at or near an upper-extremity location or lower-extremity of the user.

Abstract: A catheter, such as a fractional flow reserve catheter, includes an elongate shaft having a pressure sensing wire extending to the distal portion of the elongate shaft. The wire has a pressure sensor mounted on the distal end for measuring a pressure of a fluid within lumen of vessel. The pressure sensor wire is disposed within a pocket formed adjacent to the pressure sensor thereby minimizing the profile of the catheter. Bending stresses experienced by a pressure sensor mounted to a fractional flow reserve catheter when tracking the catheter through the vasculature creates a distortion of the sensor resulting in an incorrect pressure reading or bend error. In order to isolate the sensor from bending stresses, the sensor is spaced apart from the pressure sensor wire to allow the pressure sensor and the pressure sensor wire to move independently from one another.

Abstract: An electronic blood pressure monitor retrieves a pulsewave signal that is superimposed on a cuff pressure signal and indicates a pulsewave at a measurement site, and acquires a string of pulsewave amplitudes indicated by the pulsewave signal. A first envelope connects the amplitudes created for the acquired string of pulsewave amplitudes. Local maxima and minima in the first envelope are detected. With respect to the strings of amplitudes corresponding respectively to the local maxima and minima, a local-maximum envelope and a local-minimum envelope connecting the amplitudes are created. Two pressure values at points at which portions on the high-pressure-side and low-pressure-side with respect to the maximum peaks of the local-maximum envelope and the local-minimum envelope respectively cross first and second threshold levels are obtained, and the average values of each pair of pressure values are calculated as the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure respectively.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system and method identifying a type of cardiac event from cardiac signals obtained from a subject. In one embodiment, at least two clusters are formed. Each cluster is associated with a different cardiac event based on features of interest identified from various cardiac signal segments. At least one of the clusters is associated with a cardiac event which is an arrhythmia and one of the clusters is associated with a non-arrhythmia. A new cardiac signal segment of a subject is received. The signal segment is analyzed to identify features of interest. A distance is calculated between each of the clusters and the identified features of interest obtained from having analyzed the subject's cardiac signal segment. A cardiac event is identified for the subject based on the type of cardiac event associated with the cluster which the subject's features of interest had a shortest distance to.

Abstract: A portable pulse measuring device having a lighting configuration having at least three elements selected from a light-emitting source for emitting radiant energy through a human body tissue and a light detector for detecting the intensity of said radiant energy after propagation through the human body tissue and for providing input signals representative of the propagation. The lighting configuration includes at least one light-emitting source and at least one light detector. A processor is provided for determining pulse rate in response to processing the input signals. The elements in the lighting configuration are arranged in the portable pulse measuring device in a configuration where the light-emitting sources in the lighting configuration are asymmetrically disposed in relation to the light detectors in the lighting configuration.

Abstract: An implantable electrode lead for transmitting electrical impulses to excitable bodily tissue and/or for transmitting electrical signals tapped at bodily tissue to a detection unit. The electrode lead including a distal electrode, a proximal electrode connector, and an electrode supply lead which connects the electrode, or each electrode, to the electrode connector, or each electrode connector, and extends in a lead body, wherein the lead body includes a hinged alignment of hard elements.

Abstract: A nerve interface electrode has a plurality of conductive fibers. The fibers have a nonconductive sheath (108) surrounding a conducting wire. A conducting region (105) of the wire is exposed to the interior of the nerve (200). The fibers are configured for insertion between fascicles (204) of the nerve. In other teachings, a layer of polymer material configured to switch from a high strength/tensile modulus state to a low strength/tensile modulus state upon introduction of the fibers into the nerve is disposed on the fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an algorithm aimed at neurophysiology monitoring, and more particularly to an algorithm capable of quickly finding stimulation thresholds over multiple channels of a neurophysiology monitoring system.

Abstract: Compact, single-handedly manipulable, cardiography devices, structured for personal use in two, selectively different, functional-cardiography styles, enabling, respectively, one or both of (a) non-acoustic, and (b) acoustic, cardiography, such use involving, as appropriate to the particular functional-cardiography style to be implemented, the collecting and recording of personal cardiography-relevant data—ECG only in a non-acoustic case, and both ECG and heart-sound together in an acoustic case—suitable for subsequent data-analysis processing, and associated cardiovascular diagnosis. Two, representative device overall configurations are illustrated, including (1) a stylus pen-like shape, and (2) a finger-mountable ring-like shape.

Abstract: Portable physiological measuring devices and methods are disclosed. Embodiments may provide measurement of blood pressure without traditional blood pressure cuffs. Further, disclosed embodiments may gather pulse oximetry (SpO2), heart rate and body temperature measurements simultaneously. A user's blood pressure index and other vital physiological results may be displayed on a portable physiological measuring apparatus or a portable terminal. Embodiments may provide a portable physiological measuring method and apparatus that displays results on a displayed screen.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for evaluating an expected effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data is received as at least one ECG lead from a set of electrodes. A frequency spectrum representing the ECG data is generated via a Fourier transform. At least one predictor value is extracted from the calculated frequency spectrum. A fitness parameter, representing the expected effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization, is determined from at least the extracted predictor value.

Abstract: Patient electrodes, patient monitors, defibrillators, wearable defibrillators, software and methods may warn when an electrode stops being fully attached to the patient's skin. A patient electrode includes a pad for attaching to the skin of a patient, a lead coupled to the pad, and a contact detector that can change state, when the pad does not contact fully the skin of the patient. When the detector changes state, an output device may emit an alert, for notifying a rescuer or even the patient.

Abstract: A life maintenance mode named as the third type of life maintenance mode, includes decomposing inspection items of clinical diagnosis into a series of individual automatically measured and computed indicators of life condition data, popularized into people's daily life and work to be practiced continuously producing continuous diagnosis and inspection analysis report and trend; performing active control of the change of the life condition data by senior independent consciousness of cerebral cortex with the automatically measured and computed life condition data to serve as a quantitative traction device for treatment, rehabilitation, and health and longevity; predict and prevent the occurrence and development of diseases on the basis of the produced inspection analysis report and trend; automatically sending messages to remind a patient to check the treatment behaviors on the basis of doctor's advises and prescriptions in the track record of medical treatment, and providing an automatic no-response alarming s

Abstract: Medical device systems and methods for operating medical device systems conserve energy by efficiently managing computational demands of the systems. A first analysis, having relatively lower computational processing demand than at least a second analysis, processes signals from a subject to determine a first estimate of a propensity for the subject to have a neurological event. If the first estimate meets a set of specified criteria, a second analysis is performed to determine a second estimate of the propensity for the subject to have a neurological event.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring brain activity of a subject are disclosed, comprising: positioning a plurality of electric field sensors at multiple positions on the exterior of a skull of the subject; measuring one to three components of a plurality of instantaneous electric field vectors generated by a plurality of electric field sources, the electric field vectors being measured by the plurality of electric field sensors; and determining brain activity of the subject based on the measurement of the plurality of instantaneous electric field vectors.

Abstract: The present invention teaches novel methods of diagnosing and prognosing conditions associated with tissue degeneration and/or pain, including intervertebral disc degeneration, discogenic pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and articular cartilage injury. Using the inventive noninvasive imaging methods, the diagnosis and prognosis of back pain and related conditions can be quickly and accurately determined by detecting one or more biomarkers disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for influencing and/or detecting magnetic particles in a field of view (28). The apparatus comprises selection means for generating a magnetic selection field (50) and drive and receiving means comprising one or more combined drive field and selection coils (441) for changing the position in space of the two sub-zones (52, 54) in the field of view (28) and for acquiring detection signals. A balanced bridge unit (160) comprising inductive or capacitive coupling elements (411, 421) is provided between the drive field signal generator unit (122) and the signal receiving unit (140) as a light-weight, inexpensive and easily implementable solution for reducing the harmonic background.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of electrotherapy and measuring by means of electric currents for diagnostic purposes, and more particularly to an electrode arrangement for facilitating wound healing, a method for measuring wound healing and a wound dressing having an electrode arrangement. A wound dressing according is described which includes at least two impedance reference electrodes, a frame like counter-electrode and stimulation electrodes in a form of an array; and a bioadhesive affinity layer surrounding the stimulation electrodes; said wound dressing being suited for applying on top of the wound so that the stimulation electrode array is on the wound area, and that the at least two impedance reference electrodes and the frame like counter-electrode are suited for placing in contact with the healthy skin surrounding the wound area; which electrodes, are suited for applying LIDC type electrical stimulation current to the wound area and for bioimpedance measurement.

Abstract: A body impedance measuring apparatus includes: a first module including a first input electrode and a first output electrode which are configured to contact a subject; a second module including a second input electrode and a second output electrode which are configured to contact the subject; a connection member configured to connect the first module to the second module and adjust a distance between the first module and the second module; and a measuring unit configured to apply a current to the first and second input electrodes, detect a voltage between the first and second output electrodes, and determine a body impedance of a subject based on the detected voltage. At least a component of the measuring unit is disposed in the first module and is electrically connected to the second module through the connection member.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance system (MRS), including a magnetic resonance device (MRD), comprising an open bore, the MRD at least partially contained in an envelope comprising in its circumference at least one recess; and, a cart made of MRI-safe material, comprising a base and at least one incubator above the base. The MRS is operative in a method of magnetic resonance imaging of neonates, comprising the steps of obtaining the MRS, the incubator is accommodated by a neonate; and inserting at least a portion of the cart into the MRD such that at least a portion of the incubator is inserted into the open bore and at least a portion of the base into at least one recess.

Abstract: A position detecting apparatus for a medical device includes a transmission unit configured to transmit a magnetic field in each of a plurality of frame periods. A reception unit detects the magnetic field transmitted from the transmission unit and output a detection signal corresponding to a position of the transmission unit. A signal control unit causes the transmission unit to transmit the magnetic field by a multiplexed signal including at least two or more different frequencies in a certain frame period among the frame periods, and causes the transmission unit to transmit the magnetic field by the multiplexed signal in the frame periods other than the certain frame period when the detection signal output from the reception unit has changed to a certain threshold or higher.

Abstract: A catheter is responsive to external and internal magnetic field generators for generating position data of the catheter position and pressure data to determine pressured exerted on a distal end of the catheter when engaged with tissue, with a reduced number of sensing coils and reduced number of sensing coil leads for minimizing lead breakage and failure. The catheter includes a distal section adapted for engagement with patient tissue, where the distal section has a proximal portion, a distal portion and a flexible joint with a resilient member adapted to allow axial displacement and angular deflection between the proximal and distal portions of the distal section. The catheter may have three or less sensing coils with three or less leads, each transmitting signals between a respective sensing coil and the signal processor.

Abstract: A biopsy sampling device has a trocar with sampling opening, an outer needle with 4 or more electrodes on it, an impedance measuring apparatus coupled to drive current through a first and a second electrode, while measuring voltages through a third and fourth electrodes to measure an impedance of tissue adjacent to the electrodes, the inner trocar within the central cavity of the outer needle such that its sharpened tip and sampling opening can protrude from an end of the outer needle and be removed to capture a sample in the sampling opening. In an embodiment, the electrodes are formed by inking an insulating tubular structure with a conductive ink. In an alternative embodiment, the electrodes are formed by winding conductive metal strips about an insulating tubular structure. In both embodiments, the metal strips or conductive ink is coated with an insulator in a central portion of the sampling device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing, transmitting and displaying data received from an analyte sensor, such as a glucose sensor, are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for transmitting data between a first communication device associated with an analyte sensor and a second communication device configured to provide user access to sensor-related information comprises: activating a transceiver of a first communication device associated with an analyte sensor at a first time; and establishing a two-way communication channel with the second communication device; wherein the activating comprises waking the transceiver from a low power sleep mode using a forced wakeup from the second communication device.

Abstract: A Biometric positioning locator breathalyzer apparatus securely attached to a person to be monitored, used to determine user breath alcohol level, wherein when the user bodily speed reach a certain speed threshold. The apparatus initiates a breath test request signal to determine if the person to be monitored is intoxicated. During breath test performance the apparatus video camera captures the video images of the person performing the breath test procedure, and compares with user video image pictures previously stored in the apparatus processor database to ascertain the authenticity of the user is none other than the person to be monitored. If a given breath test reading found to be above certain threshold level, or the user image found to be other than the person to be monitored, or the user fall to perform a breath test, the apparatus will transmit a violation signal along with the user picture and positioning location information to a monitoring station.

Abstract: In a method for correcting respiratory influences on recordings of an examination object by operation of a magnetic resonance apparatus, an external respiratory signal is determined, an internal respiratory signal is determined, a correlation signal is determined, at least one reliability range of the correlation signal is determined, a fit function in at least one reliability range of the correlation signal is determined, and the recordings subject to respiratory influences of the examination object are corrected based on the determined fit function.

Abstract: A device for analyzing exhaled air comprises a gas sensor unit. The device is configured for measuring nitrogen oxides in the exhaled air. The device includes a main gas path in order to guide air in the device. At least one measuring gas path and at least one flushing gas path branch off from the main gas path.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing the gait of an individual are disclosed. The disclosed systems and methods can be configured to acquire data from a first array and a second array of sensors that are configured to be placed in a left and/or right shoe, respectively. The acquired data can be collected or separated into at least two separate gait phases for each array, compared to a baseline condition for each gait phase and categorized into one of at least two uniformity categories for each gait phase. Examples of collected and/or calculated data include pressure values, shear stress values and torque values. The analysis can be focused on both feet of a person, or focused on one foot. A graphical output showing at least one entire gait cycle based on the uniformity categories can then be generated.

Abstract: A system for elucidating physiological characteristics of laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) responses in a human or animal subject's larynx's vocal folds (VFs) includes a pressure pulsing component to provide a stable and adjustable pulse of pressure to the larynx, a control system component in functional communication with the pressure pulsing component to control or regulate one or more aspects of the timing, magnitude and number of pulses of pressure delivered by the pressure pulsing component during respiratory cycles, and a respiratory sensor component to detect and/or determine physiological characteristics of the subject's LAR response. The method includes evoking a LAR response in the subject and determining one or more physiological measurements including duration, velocity, and angles of motion of the subject's VFs during the LAR response. The present disclosure provides for enhanced endoscopic field of view of the larynx and delivering stimuli over a wider range of controlled parameters.

Abstract: In a bed having a load detection function, a load detector attached to a bed main body includes a load cell provided at a site which is positioned at any location on a load transmission path extending from a bed surface-forming portion to a bed installation surface, and at which a load from the bed surface-forming portion side is received and the load is transmitted to a configuration member of the installation surface side. The load cell includes a load-receiving member, and a base body which is separated from the load-receiving member and to which the load from the load-receiving member is applied. The load-receiving member comes into contact with the base body, the load from the load-receiving member acts on the base body, and the resulting strain is detected by a strain sensor.

Abstract: A method includes receiving during a first time interval image data associated with an image of a dynamic body. The image data includes an indication of the positions of a first marker and a second marker on a garment coupled to the dynamic body. The first marker and second marker are each coupled to the garment at a first and second locations, respectively. A distance is determined between the position of the first marker and the second marker. During a second time interval after the first time interval, data associated with a position of a first and second localization element that are each coupled to the garment is received. A distance between the first and second localization elements is determined. A difference is calculated between the distance between the first marker and the second marker and the distance between the first localization element and the second localization element.

Abstract: A system and method for range of motion evaluation and recording for physical therapy, ergonomics, training, and individual rehabilitation. While talking with the physical therapists, a frequently mentioned problem they encountered was to evaluate the range of motion of a patient during the performance of functional movements like standing up from a chair, taking objects off of the ground, squatting, and gait analysis. Physical therapists currently use a goniometer to measure the motion of a single angle and visually inspect for inconsistencies and subjectively assess the patient during performance of functional tasks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a graphical user interface operational on a portable device that allows users to test their minimum audio hearing level at various frequencies using a single button. The graphical user interface generates sound frequencies that are played to the user, one ear at a time. Starting from zero decibels, sound intensity levels are gradually increased to intensity levels perceptible by the user. The users indicate recognition of the sound frequency by interacting with the graphical user interface. The intensities of the sound pressure levels (SPLs) are registered as estimates of a user's hearing sensitivity at the tested frequency bands. The process is repeated at different frequency bands for each ear, and hearing levels for each ear established.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting a malfunction of a sensor for measuring an analyte concentration in vivo, wherein a series of measurement signals is produced by means of the sensor, and a value of a noise parameter is continually determined from the measuring signals, the noise parameter indicating how severely the measurement is impaired by interference signals. According to the invention, continually determined values of the noise parameter are used to determine how quickly the noise parameter changes, and the rate of change of the noise parameter is evaluated to detect a malfunction.

Abstract: Systems and methods described provide dynamic and intelligent ways to change the required level of user interaction during use of a monitoring device. The systems and methods generally relate to real time switching between a first or initial mode of user interaction and a second or new mode of user interaction. In some cases, the switching will be automatic and transparent to the user, and in other cases user notification may occur. The mode switching generally affects the user's interaction with the device, and not just internal processing. The mode switching may relate to calibration modes, data transmission modes, control modes, or the like.

Abstract: Analyte monitoring devices, systems, and methods are provided that relate to: enabling different application features on a data processing device for analyte monitoring devices with different analyte monitoring features; programming analyte monitoring devices in advance; personalizing an analyte monitoring device; graphically representing a remaining insulin level in a user body; and graphically representing analyte measurement related data for on-demand readings; protecting access to feature of an analyte monitoring device.

Abstract: System and method for communicating glucose concentration information between devices of a continuous glucose monitoring system is provided. The continuous glucose monitoring system can include a sensor module generates a glucose concentration measurement data and transmits the data to one or more further devices of the continuous glucose monitoring system. The further devices can include a receiver unit and one or more secondary display devices. The receiver unit can be configured to be a stand-alone device of or physically connect to a secondary display device. A user interface can also be provided that provides enhanced functionality for using the continuous glucose monitoring system.

Abstract: Analyte sensors and methods of manufacturing same are provided, including analyte sensors comprising multi-axis flexibility. For example, a multi-electrode sensor system 800 comprising two working electrodes and at least one reference/counter electrode is provided. The sensor system 800 comprises first and second elongated bodies E1, E2, each formed of a conductive core or of a core with a conductive layer deposited thereon, insulating layer 810 that separates the conductive layer 820 from the elongated body, a membrane layer deposited on top of the elongated bodies E1, E2, and working electrodes 802?, 802? formed by removing portions of the conductive layer 820 and the insulating layer 810, thereby exposing electroactive surface of the elongated bodies E1, E2.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments provide a pulse oximeter capable of taking blood oxygen readings based on readings from an accelerometer. The various embodiments may provide an electronic patch including a pulse oximeter and accelerometer connected to a processor, wherein the processor is configured with processor executable instructions to control the operation of the pulse oximeter based at least in part on data received from the accelerometer. In various embodiments the electronic patch may further include a coin cell battery, or other low power source, that may power the pulse oximeter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing power to a light source of a physiological system and for generating a desired signal. The physiological system may comprise a light drive circuit that may provide a digital signal to the light source of the physiological system. The digital signal may comprise a plurality of pulses. The plurality of pulses may include one or more features that may be adjustable to vary the power provided to the light source. For example, the pulses may have a varying width. The light drive circuit may be configured to provide power to the light source during each pulse of the plurality of pulses. The system may further comprise a front end circuit configured to receive the light generated by the light source in response to the plurality of pulses, where the light is attenuated by a body tissue of a patient. The front end circuit may comprise a response time.

Abstract: The utility model discloses a reflection-type multi-sensor array blood oxygen detection device, which comprises an apparatus body, a photosensitive sensor array, a light transmitter array and a bandage, wherein the light transmitter array is distributed around the photosensitive sensor array; and a light shielding plate is arranged between the light transmitter array and the photosensitive sensor array. The blood oxygen detection device can be used for effectively measuring the degree of blood oxygen saturation of the human issue by detecting the reflected light of the human tissue.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method and system for determining health condition of a subject. First step of the method comprises receiving, by a computing unit, a first oxygen saturation level and a second oxygen saturation level from at least two sensors placed on the subject. Second step of the method comprises determining cerebral extraction of oxygen using the first and second oxygen saturation levels. Third step of the method comprises comparing the cerebral extraction of oxygen with a threshold level. Fourth step of the method comprises identifying a mental fatigue level of the subject based on outcome of the comparison, wherein the mental fatigue level indicates the health condition of the subject.