Abstract: A color converting member is capable of suppressing deterioration in a phosphor by a simple manufacturing process. A method of manufacturing a color converting member includes a process of molding a resin material into a shape. In the process, molding the resin material and the phosphor integrally into a shape is performed, after kneading a phosphor that converts one color light to another color light into the resin material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of molding a part (1?) made from composite material. This method comprises a step of injecting a liquid (7) under pressure into a closed mold (2) containing a fibrous pre-form (1) previously impregnated with resin. Said liquid (7) comes into contact with the resin but it is substantially inert and immiscible with respect thereto. The invention also concerns an apparatus for carrying out this method.

Abstract: A compression molded composite structure includes an elongated thermoplastic composite part having integral thermoplastic composite fittings.

Abstract: A bus bar assembly comprises a plurality of conductive plate-shaped bus bars and a resin mold section in which a plurality of conductive plate-shaped bus bars are partially embedded. In a method for manufacturing the bus bar assembly, firstly a plurality of conductive plate-shaped bus bars are disposed within a cavity formed by a die such as to be stacked in a thickness direction Z with a predetermined amount of space therebetween. Second, a first end and a second end of each bus bar are respectively supported by jigs in the width direction Y. Next, the cavity in the die is filled with the insulating resin and the plurality of bus bars are molded into a single body. After that, jigs are removed from the bus bars and jig placement portions are formed in the resin mold section.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a repair laminate for a composite part having an exposed surface includes applying a bonding material to the exposed surface and forming an uncured ply stack assembly on the bonding material. The uncured ply stack assembly is formed by forming and compacting a series of uncured ply stacks. The ply stack assembly and bonding material are then cured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-pressure tank made from fiber-reinforced plastic for, in particular, gaseous media, wherein, on its inner wall, the tank is equipped completely or partially with a substantially permeation-tight foil made of metal, wherein the metal has a high elastic range and a low thermal expansion coefficient, and the foil has a thickness of ?0.5 mm. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing tanks of this type.

Abstract: Method for producing a fuel tank provided with internal accessories and having a wall made of plastic made in a single piece by moulding a split parison or a parison in at least two parts, said method comprising the following steps: a) the parison is introduced in the heat-softened state into a mould comprising dies; b) a core on which the accessories are placed is introduced inside the parison; c) the parison is pressed onto the dies of the mould; d) the accessories are fastened to the parison with the aid of the core in an ideal layout; e) the core is withdrawn and the mould is closed; f) the tank is moulded from the parison; and g) the tank is removed from the mould.

Abstract: The subject invention includes methods and apparatus for joining treads. Such methods include the step of providing a first tread portion and a second tread portion for forming a joined tread, each tread portion comprising a section of tire tread extending lengthwise from a terminal end. Additional steps include providing a first fixture configured to retain the first tread portion and a second fixture configured to retain the second tread portion and securing the first tread portion into the first fixture and securing the second tread portion into the second fixture, each of the first and second fixtures being arranged within the first and second fixtures such that the terminal end of each tread portion is in communication with a joining side of each fixture. The methods further include directing the terminal ends towards each other and into forceful engagement with an elastomeric joining material arranged between the terminal ends.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a combination trash collection and compaction trolley that has a main front door with a trash door that provides access to an interior of the trolley so that trash can be front-loaded into the trash door, as well as an open top portion, which allows trash to be top-loaded into the open top portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for operating a press which includes providing a press with at least one plunger which executed a stroke, an upper tool part, a sub-structure. A control and regulation device receives a value(s) on an operating condition from a system of the press. The value(s) are provided from the system of the press to the control and regulation device during a processing of a work piece. The value(s) provided are processed to the control and regulation device according to a function F ? ( x ) = L x · F 2 under the condition that L > x > L 2 so as to permanently operate a movement of the plunger via a drive device and the press in a controlled manner or in a regulated manner according to a system of forces required for a work piece with a respective force which is actively influenced or is actively modified in a position and a dimension/amount.

Abstract: A tab system for a folder (10a), and a method of making same is disclosed. The tab is enlarged to carry more information/indicia. The visual indicia space(16a), i.e. the viewable space on the front (32a, 36a) of the folder which allows viewing of the enlarged tab is achieve without violating the overall size restrictions (40a) of the file folder. Instead, the front of the folder adjacent to the tab on the back panel, is cut away (32a,34a) to expose a greater portion of the back panel (14a) and allow an increase in visual indicia space. The remaining portion of the front panel, not adjacent to the tab may also be cut away (34a) to allow other enlarged tab files, with offset tabs,(22d, 21a) to be viewable behind the present file.

Abstract: A sealing system for creating a sealed letter by use of an envelope sheet with a bond part on a basis of a sealing setting. The sealing system includes a transmission amount detector configured to detect an amount of transmission of the envelope sheet being conveyed on a conveyance path, a bond position calculator configured to calculate a first bond position where the bond part exists in the envelope sheet on a basis of the amount of transmission as detected by the transmission amount detector, and a judgment unit configured to judge whether the envelope sheet is conveyed a correct way round in a conveyance direction of the envelope sheet, from the first bond position as calculated by the bond position calculator and a second bond position based on the sealing setting.

Abstract: A label folding apparatus and methods for its use are disclosed. Such a label folding apparatus comprises a label folding assembly and a label holding assembly, and may be used to fold a foldable label placed onto the label holding assembly.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced composite material (11) is constructed by laminating a plurality of fiber bundle layers formed of a reinforced fiber to form a laminated fiber bundle layer and further impregnating the laminated fiber bundle layer with a matrix. At either side of a neutral surface (16), the number of +? layers which are fiber bundle layers having a fiber orientation angle of +? and the number of ?? layers which are fiber bundle layers having a fiber orientation angle of ?? are the same, the order of laminating the fiber bundle layers is inversely symmetrical with respect to the standard surface, and the number of other fiber bundle layers disposed between the +? and ?? layers at either side of the standard surface is the same.

Abstract: A skin-stiffened composite panel (1) comprising at least two essentially longitudinal stiffeners (3) arranged distant to each other in a plane with a skin (2) of a planar outer continuous composite layer (9) and an inner continuous composite layer (10). The at least two essentially longitudinal stiffeners (3) have a height “a” perpendicular to the skin (2). At least two sandwich assemblies (4) in said plane are along each one of the at least two essentially longitudinal stiffeners (3), said at least two sandwich assemblies (4) comprising each the planar outer and the inner continuous composite layers (9, 10) and a grid-type foam module (8) with openings and with a height “b”, with the foam modules (8) on the same side of the planar outer continuous composite layer (9) as the essentially longitudinal stiffeners (3) between the inner continuous composite layer (10) and the planar outer continuous layer (9).

Abstract: An antistatic laminate and a laminate material equipped with the laminate are provided, wherein the laminate includes a base material and an antistatic layer which comprises a cellulose fiber having a carboxyl group, and the laminate can prevent deterioration of antistatic properties under a low humidity environment, while high transparency is maintained due to use of a material wherein natural resources are effectively used.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a floor crack isolation system includes a membrane and a deformable adhesive. The membrane includes a basemat, having at least three plies, a ply of a meltblown polymer sandwiched between two plies of spunbond polymer; and a flexible coating applied to the basemat, the coating having a cementitious hydraulic component, a polymer comprising a water-soluble, film-forming polymer; and water. The finished membrane is flexible and is bonded to a subfloor with a deformable adhesive. A method of making the floor crack isolation system includes obtaining a coated, three-ply, flexible membrane and applying it to a subfloor with a deformable adhesive.

Abstract: Provided is a hot dip zinc (Zn) alloy plated steel sheet having excellent corrosion resistance and surface qualities, and a method of manufacturing the same. For this purpose, provided is a high corrosion resistant hot dip Zn alloy plated steel sheet which includes an underlying steel sheet and a hot dip Zn alloy plating layer, wherein a composition of the hot dip Zn alloy plating layer includes 1 to 3 wt % of aluminum (Al), 1.5 to 4.0 wt % of magnesium (Mg), and Zn and unavoidable impurities as a remainder, in which Al+Mg is in a range of 2.5 to 7.0 wt % and Al: (Al+Mg) ratio is in a range of 0.38 to 0.48, and a method of manufacturing the high corrosion resistant hot dip Zn alloy plated steel sheet.

Abstract: An optical element includes an antireflection film. The antireflection film includes an uppermost layer having a refractive index nd of 1.20 to 1.30, a high refractive index layer having a refractive index of 2.00 to 2.40, and at least one of an intermediate refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.55 to 1.70 and a low refractive index layer having a refractive index of 1.40 to 1.52. The predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent pane with a transparent heatable coating, which extends at least over a part of the pane surface, in particular over its visual field. The heatable coating is divided by at least one heatable coating-free zone into at least one first heatable coating zone and a second heatable coating zone, wherein the two heatable coating zones are in each case electrically connected to at least two collecting conductors such that after application of a supply voltage that is provided by a voltage source, in each case a current flows over at least one first heating field formed by the first heatable coating zone and at least one second heating field formed by the second heatable coating zone. At least one heating element is disposed in the heatable coating-free zone, which heating element has an ohmic resistance such that by means of application of the supply voltage to the heating element, the pane is heatable in a surface area containing the heatable coating-free zone.

Abstract: A transparency including a conductive mesh is disclosed. The conductive mesh is formed by a plurality of inkjet printed electrically conductive lines on a polymer film or a glass, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, or polyurethane substrate, wherein at least one inkjet printed electrically conductive line intersects at least one other inkjet printed electrically conductive line. A flying vehicle including a transparency including a conductive mesh is also disclosed. Additionally, a method of preparing a transparency by laminating a polymer film and a substrate together, wherein a conductive mesh is formed on the polymer film by a plurality of inkjet printed electrically conductive lines, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite film (10), in particular for packaging (1) in the food industry, having at least one sealing layer (12), which consists of sealable material and is connected, at least indirectly, to a first layer (11) which acts as an outer layer, wherein the sealing layer (12) has a lower melting point than the first layer (11). According to the invention, it is provided that, on that side of the sealing layer (12) which is directed away from the first layer (11), a second layer (13), which acts as an inner layer, is arranged in operative connection with the sealing layer (12), that the second layer (13) has a higher melting point than the sealing layer (12), and that the second layer (13) has at least one through-opening (17; 17a to 17c), which is covered over by the sealing layer (12).

Abstract: The present invention provides a multilayer film for forming medical solution pouches that help prevent or reduce the presence of bubbles or foam in the solution after heat sterilization. In particular, the present invention provides a multilayer film for forming medical solution pouches that are capable of passing the bubble test as set forth in the Chinese State Drug Package Container Material Standard No. YBB00112005. In particular, the present invention provides a multilayer film in which polyamide 612 or calcium stearate component has been incorporated as an anti-foaming agent. The presence of polyamide 612 or calcium stearate in one or more layers of the film helps prevent the formation of foam in the solution after heat sterilization.

Abstract: A method for fast curing a component made from composite laminate. The method rapidly raising the temperature of the component by applying heat at an accelerated temperature for a ramp time, holding the temperature of the component at a set temperature for a set dwell time, and removing heat from the component to slow curing process. The method may additionally include inspecting the component after removing the component from heat, and curing the component a final time to equivalent or better strength.

Abstract: A method of producing a panel for lining or cladding an aircraft interior, such as an aircraft cargo hold includes arranging at least one resin layer of a thermo-plastic polymer and at least one reinforcement layer of reinforcement fibers upon one another in a stack, wherein each resin layer extends adjacent and/or substantially parallel to each reinforcement layer; and consolidating the stack to form a panel by applying heat and pressure to the stack. The pressure is applied to the stack in a direction substantially perpendicular to a primary plane of the layers. The pressure is applied to the stack in a non-constant distribution over the primary plane. A corresponding panel for lining or cladding an aircraft interior, such as a cargo hold is also described.

Abstract: Methods and devices for using liquid optically clear adhesives (LOCAs) are described. A method for detecting uncured LOCA between a first substrate and a second substrate is described. In addition, an improved method for curing a laminated stack up having LOCA between a first substrate and a second substrate is described. The method includes a pre-curing method involving variable exposure of the LOCA. In addition, an improved light emitting diode (LED) unit assembly for exposing a laminated stack up to ultraviolet (UV) light during a pre-curing process is described. A method for testing the LED unit assembly prior to a pre-curing process is described.

Abstract: A machine for forming a bonded edge fold on a headliner is disclosed. The headliner includes a ceiling and an edge flange that has a wall section and a backing section. The machine includes a lower die that receives the headliner and an upper die disposed above the lower die. The machine further includes a slide connected to the upper die and at least one actuator operable to move the slide. Movement of the slide causes the slide to engage with the backing section and fold the backing section over the wall section forming a bonded edge fold. A method of forming a headliner is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for removing pressure adhesive indicia, such as labels or stamps, from their backing and affixing the same to a target substrate is provided. The automated process affixes stamps, for example, to the target substrate with both speed and precision of placement. Desired stamps can be selectively removed from a backing, for example, can be placed on variable locations upon the target substrate, and can be affixed in the desired orientation with precise spacing between stamps. The precision of affixation afforded by this system is commensurate with philatelic standards and is suitable for all pressure adhesive indicia where rapid and precise placement is desired for aesthetic or other reasons.

Abstract: A three dimensional printing apparatus including a tank, a modeling platform, a first optical element, a second optical element, and a light source is provided. The modeling platform is movably disposed above the tank so as to move in or out the tank. The first and the second optical elements are respectively disposed next to the tank, wherein the second optical element is located above the first optical element. The light source is located below the tank. After a three dimensional object is formed on the modeling platform, the three dimensional object is moved out of the tank by the modeling platform. A first light generated by the light source is sequentially transmitted by the first and the second optical elements and detour round tank to irradiate the three dimensional object.

Abstract: In a proof printing press, a length of an outer circumference of a plate cylinder at a downstream side of a facing position P1 in a rotation direction is longer than a length in a circumferential direction of a mounting surface of the plate cylinder, where the length of the outer circumference of the plate cylinder extends between the facing position P1 where the plate cylinder faces a collecting cylinder and a facing position P2 where the plate cylinder faces a wiping roller, and a length of the outer circumference of the plate cylinder at a downstream side of the facing position P2 is longer than the length in the circumferential direction of the mounting surface of the plate cylinder, where the length of the outer circumference of the plate cylinder extends between the facing position P2 and a facing position P3 where the plate cylinder faces an impression cylinder.

Abstract: A textile printing apparatus and method is disclosed. An example textile printing apparatus includes a first printing surface configured to support a first portion of a textile to be printed on. The example textile printing apparatus also includes a second printing surface configured to support a second portion of the textile in substantially a same printing plane as the first portion of the textile. The example textile printing apparatus also includes a slot formed adjacent the second printing surface. For a printing operation, a body of the textile is mounted over the first printing surface, and an inner portion of the textile is pulled through the slot and mounted, over the second printing surface. The printing operation proceeds in substantially the same printing plane onto both the outer printing surface and the inner printing surface without removing the textile during the printing operation.

Abstract: A container treatment machine for printing on containers, including a transport unit optionally configured as a carousel and used for conveying the containers in circulating container reception apparatus, at least one direct printing head for printing with a light-curing printing ink, and a stationary curing unit for curing the printing ink on the containers by light radiation, optionally UV light radiation, characterized in that each of the container reception apparatuses is provided with a shielding enclosure used for shielding off light radiation and having at least one access opening for the curing unit, and the curing unit is provided with a shielding element cooperating with the access opening of at least one shielding enclosure such that direct exit of light is prevented.

Abstract: A flexographic printing system comprising a print module including a plate cylinder on which is mounted a flexographic printing plate, an impression cylinder, an ink pan containing an ink, and an anilox roller for transferring the ink to the flexographic printing plate. A fountain roller mounted to the ink pan is at least partially immersed in the ink in the ink pan and transfers the ink to the anilox roller. A doctor blade mounted to the ink pan and is on a side of the anilox roller proximate to the impression cylinder removes excess amounts of the ink from the patterned surface of the first anilox roller before the ink is transferred to the flexographic printing plate.

Abstract: A dry cleaning apparatus, assembly and method provides for a dry flexographic plate cleaner apparatus that is configured as a unitary subassembly to be used within a printing press assembly. The cleaner apparatus and subassembly comprise a plurality of motorized drives such that, among other things, a cleaning roller can be moved towards and away from the rotating printing plate so as to achieve optimum spacing. This also allows the press operator to make adjustments to the cleaner apparatus and subassembly without having to stop the printing press assembly. The apparatus and subassembly is further removable from the printing press assembly as may be desired or required for service. Additionally, the apparatus, assembly and method of the present invention also provides for use of at least one controller for electronically controlling the apparatus in accordance with the method and implementing optimized cleaning capabilities and functionalities.

Abstract: Provided are an ink composition usable in a solar battery manufacturing process, a method of forming a pattern using the ink composition, an insulation film formed of the ink composition, and an etching mask formed of the ink composition. The ink composition includes: a) a polymerizable compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond; b) a fluorinated surfactant; and c) a solvent, wherein the ink composition has a solid content of 45 parts by weight to 99.99 parts by weight.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric actuator is disclosed that includes forming a vibration plate, forming a plurality of electrodes on the vibration plate, forming a piezoelectric layer on the electrodes, and forming a common electrode on the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for digitally customizing or decorating objects typically formed of substrates other than paper. The system includes a computer, color management software, and a full color inkjet printer designed for printing heat activatable ink. The ink comprises heat activatable colorant solids that are printed onto media in the form of an image that may be activated and/or transferred to a subsequent or final substrate by applying heat and intimate contact between the medium and the subsequent or final substrate. Control of first level dot gain upon printing and second level dot gain upon heat activation of the colorant provides an image that is of high quality, and even photographic quality, for most substrates that are usable with the system and method of the invention.

Abstract: A method is provided for compensating a failing nozzle in a printhead comprising a series of print elements with nozzles for operation in an inkjet printing process in which a colorant is applied for locally changing an optical density, thereby printing an image. The method comprises at least two compensation mechanisms, each providing a different amount of additional optical density in the environment of a missing dot in the printed image. A nozzle is recorded as a failing nozzle if the associated print element does not apply an ink dot within predetermined specifications. An environment density is determined in an environment of a missing dot associated with said failing nozzle. The environment density is compared with a predetermined threshold, and an appropriate compensation mechanism is selected from the at least two compensation mechanisms. The method is applied in an inkjet printing system for balancing under- and overcompensated optical density.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming unit that forms an image on a recording material by ejecting ink; and an image processing unit that, in a case where information of a bar code image is included in image information for forming an image by the image forming unit, carries out a process of making a drop size of the ink used for pixels constituting an edge portion in the bar code image smaller than a drop size of the ink used for pixels constituting a portion other than the edge portion.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid droplet discharging method including: based on a first correction quantity table correlating to discharging of the first nozzle row, a second correction quantity table correlating to discharging of the second nozzle row, a relative usage ratio of the first nozzle row to the second nozzle row (=a usage rate of the first nozzle row/a usage rate of the second nozzle row), and a third correction quantity table correlating to discharging of a predetermined value Hk which is the relative usage ratio, correcting a liquid droplet quantity, per a unit area in print media, discharged from the first nozzle row and/or the second nozzle row.

Abstract: A printer includes a printhead configured to eject high viscosity material and refill a manifold in the printhead with high viscosity material. The printhead includes a layer having an opening to form a reservoir to hold a volume of a high viscosity material and at least one member positioned within the receptacle formed by the opening in the layer. The at least one member has an electroactive element mounted to the member, and an electrical signal generator is electrically connected to the electroactive element. A controller operates the electrical signal generator to activate selectively the electroactive element with a first electrical signal to move the at least one member and thin the high viscosity material adjacent the at least one member to enable the thinned material to move away from the at least one member.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes: a piezoelectric element that is displaced according to a voltage of a drive signal; a cavity which is filled with a liquid and of which an inside volume is changed due to the displacement of the piezoelectric element; a nozzle that communicates with the cavity and is capable of discharging the liquid; a charge source that supplies a charge to the piezoelectric element; and a connection path selecting section that causes the piezoelectric element and the charge source to be electrically connected to each other by using a first signal path or a second signal path. The charge source includes: a first auxiliary power source that outputs two types or more of voltages; and a second auxiliary power source that outputs three types or more of voltages by using the two types or more of voltages output from the first auxiliary power source.

Abstract: In a method to control vibration measures and refresh measures in a printing operation of an ink printing system with at least one printing apparatus, the printing apparatus having printing elements that fire ink droplets as print dots at a printing substrate depending on control data determined from print data associated with print images and firing pause information about firing pauses for the printing elements. Prefire data and refresh data derived from the firing pause information and from operating condition information of the printing apparatus are combined with the control data. The vibration measures and refresh measures are executed by the printing elements depending on the firing pause information, the prefire data, and the refresh data, no ink droplets being ejected during the vibration measures and ink droplets being ejected during the refresh measures.

Abstract: A driving device of an ink jet head including a plurality of ejection channels, including a plurality of driving waveform generation portions that are provided which respectively correspond to the plurality of ejection channels, a random number generation portion that generates a random number, and a connection portion. The driving waveform generation portions receive printing data and correction data, generate a driving signal of the ejection channels on the basis of the received printing data, correct a waveform of the driving signal by using the received correction data, and then output the corrected waveform to the correction data and to the corresponding ejection channels. The connection portion connects the random number generation portion of the driving waveform generation portions such that a random number is supplied to each of the driving waveform generation portions as correction data having a value independent for each of the driving waveform generation portions.

Abstract: To provide a liquid ejecting apparatus which is able to eject a liquid where the surface tension is comparatively low in a stable manner. In relation to a driving signal for ejecting ink for textile printing where the surface tension is 22 [mN] or more and 30 [mN] or less from a nozzle, the interval between the first ejection driving pulse DP1 and the second ejection driving pulse DP2 and the interval between the second ejection driving pulse DP2 of a cycle T(n) and the first ejection driving pulse DP1 of a cycle T(n+1) are set to be ?t1. Due to this, in a case where medium dots are continuously formed over a plurality of continuous cycles, the ejecting intervals of the ink are set to be constant.

Abstract: Provided is a printing apparatus including a head and a control unit. The head ejects, onto a printing medium, an image forming liquid for forming an image and an ancillary liquid ancillary to forming of the image performed by the image forming liquid. The control unit performs control so as to cause the head to perform a first operation of ejecting the image forming liquid onto a first region of the printing medium, and a second operation of ejecting the ancillary liquid onto a second region of the printing medium, the second region being different from the first region. Further, the control unit performs control so as to cause the head to perform the second operation in an anterior pass and perform the first operation in a posterior pass.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes unit circuits arranged in a first direction, a bonding pad, and electrically conductive patterns configured to connect the unit circuits to the bonding pad. Each of the electrically conductive patterns includes a first portion connected to the bonding pad and extending in the first direction, and a second portion connected to the corresponding unit circuit. The electrically conductive patterns include a first type pattern in which the first portion is positioned on a first side of the second portion in a view from the first direction, and a second type pattern in which the first portion is positioned on a second side, which is opposite to the first side, of the second portion in a view from the first direction.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of ejection heaters arranged in a first region, a drive circuit that is arranged in the first region and configured to supply electric energy to the plurality of ejection heaters, a signal supply circuit that is arranged in a second region and configured to supply an electric signal to the drive circuit, and a substrate heating heater including a first portion arranged in the first region and a second portion arranged in the second region, in which a resistance value per unit length along a direction of a current of the first portion is different from a resistance value per unit length along a direction of a current of the second portion.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a liquid discharge unit with a pressure generating chamber group which communicates with a nozzle disposed on a nozzle surface and is formed from pressure generating chambers disposed in a first direction, and a case member which communicates with the pressure generating chamber group and holds a liquid. The case member has a liquid inlet on the side opposite to the liquid discharge direction and at a position between the pressure generating chambers at both ends in the first direction. First and second liquid discharge units are arranged at positions where the first directions of the first and second liquid discharge units are parallel to each other in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction, and positions of the liquid inlets of the case member respectively corresponding to the first and second liquid discharge units do not overlap in the second direction.

Abstract: A silicon nozzle plate has excellent liquid resistance on an inner surface of a nozzle opening and a discharge surface. A plurality of the nozzle openings are disposed in a silicon substrate of the nozzle plate. A tantalum oxide film formed by atomic layer deposition is disposed on both surfaces of the silicon substrate and the inner surface of the nozzle opening.