Abstract: A method for producing a nanocomposite material reinforced by alumina Al2O3 nanofibers involving synthesizing the alumina Al2O3 nanofibers directly from a melt comprising molten metallic aluminum, the method comprising a controlled liquid phase oxidation of the melt, wherein the synthesized alumina Al2O3 nanofibers have a diameter between 3 and 45 nm and length of more than 100 nm and combining the synthesized alumina Al2O3 nanofibers with a polymer matrix to produce the nanocomposite material reinforced by the alumina Al2O3 nanofibers. The alumina Al2O3 nanofibers may be monocrystalline alumina Al2O3 nanofibers. The alumina Al2O3 nanofibers and the molecules of the polymer may be aligned.

Abstract: Elastomeric polymers and compounded elastomers have reduced amounts of leachables. The compound comprises a polymer and 50 to 100 phr of filler. The polymer is prepared by reacting a mixture of i) a C4 to C7 isoolefin monomer, ii) a styrene based monomer, and optionally iii) a C4 to C14 multiolefin monomer wherein the polymer contains 5 to 15 wt % of styrene derived units. At least 5% of the filler is precipitated silica.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a resin molded article includes a step of preparing a resin powder having low dust generation property by adding a liquid paraffin to a thermosetting resin, and a step of obtaining a resin molded article by heating and kneading the resin powder having low dust generation property, in which the step of preparing the resin powder having low dust generation property includes a step in which the thermosetting resin is melted and the liquid paraffin is added to the melted thermosetting resin to be stirred and mixed.

Abstract: PVC plasticizers are composed of epoxidized bioesters of vegetable oil fatty acids obtained by partial transesterification with an alcohol, and glycerin and further acetylation and epoxidation, and PVC compounds plasticized with bioesters resulting from partial transesterification, acetylation and epoxidation, belonging to the technical field of polymer additives that were developed to improve the properties of PVC polymers, in addition to providing a lower cost for renewable compounds, such as those obtained with the use of vegetable oils. The epoxidized bioesters are composed by mixtures of epoxidized ethyl esters and acetylated and epoxidized mono, di and triglyceril esters, presenting oxirane index equal to or less than 8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing copolymer composition comprising: (A) a fluorine-containing copolymer having a repeating unit based on fluoroolefin and a repeating unit based on a monomer having no fluorine atom; potassium carbonate; and an organic solvent, in which an amount of potassium carbonate contained is from 5 ppm to 80 ppm, on the K2O basis, based on the fluorine-containing copolymer (A).

Abstract: An ink-jet recording apparatus for recording on a recording sheet with an ink containing at least a pigment, a resin, and water includes at least two color inkjet heads. The at least two color inkjet heads are arranged in a conveyance direction of the recording sheet. The color inkjet head discharges the ink containing resin-encapsulated pigment particles with a largest number average particle diameter among the at least two color inkjet heads is arranged in a most downstream of the conveyance direction of the recording sheet.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous, binding agent-free pigment preparations, containing: (A) 1.0-to 75.0 wt. % of at least one organic or inorganic white or colored pigment or a mixture of different organic and inorganic white or colored pigments; (B) 0.01 to 8.0 wt. % of at least one phosphatide of formula (I), wherein R represents a group containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and optionally nitrogen and sulfur atoms; 0.01 to 12.0 wt. % of a fatty acid alkanol amide ethoxylate of the formula (II), wherein a represents an integer between 3 and 50, R3 represents C7- to C21-alkyl or -alkenyl; and (G) water.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous, binding agent-free pigment preparations, containing (A) 1.0 to 75.0 wt % of at least one organic or inorganic white or colored pigment or a mixture of various organic and inorganic white or colored pigments, (B) 0.01 to 8.0 wt. % of at least one phosphatide of formula (I), wherein R represents a group containing a carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atom and optionally a nitrogen and sulfur atom group, (C) 0.01 to 12.0 wt. % of a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide of formula (II) in which R3CO represents an acyl group of caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleinic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid or erucic acid or their technical mixtures, R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C4 alkyl group and q represents 3 and 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a molding composition, a process for the manufacturing of this molding composition, the molded parts obtainable from this molding composition as well as the use of the molding composition for the manufacturing of molded parts used in the automotive industry, for housings, latches, window winding systems, wiper systems, pulleys, sun roof systems, seat adjustments, levers, gears, claws, pivot housing, brackets, wiper arms or seat rails. The molding composition contains at least one polyoxymethylene having terminal OH-groups between 20 mmol/kg and 50 mmol/kg, at least one polyisocyante coupling agent, at least one reinforcing glass fiber that has been sized, and optionally at least one formaldehyde scavenger. The moldings produced from this molding composition are distinguished by their improved mechanical properties while having low formaldehyde emissions and excellent tensile strength while having a good flex fatigue and creep performance.

Abstract: An alkyl-modified PVA solution is provided which has low viscosity at high temperatures leading to superior handleability, accompanied by rapidly increased viscosity upon lowering of the temperature, even in the case in which the concentration of the alkyl-modified PVA in a solution is increased. An alkyl-modified vinyl alcohol polymer solution containing an alkyl-modified vinyl alcohol polymer, a surfactant and water. The alkyl-modified vinyl alcohol polymer has a monomer unit that includes an alkyl group having 5 to 29 carbon atoms. The percentage content of the monomer unit is no less than 0.05 mol % and no greater than 5 mol %. The degree of saponification of the alkyl-modified vinyl alcohol polymer is no less than 20 mol % and no greater than 99.99 mol %. The surfactant is a compound represented by the following formula (I) having hydrophilic groups X1 and X2, and an alkyleneoxy group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms (—R1—O—).

Abstract: An ultraviolet ray curable ink composition is provided. The ultraviolet ray curable ink composition contains a polymerizable compound; and an aluminum pigment subjected to a surface treatment with a phosphate compound. The aluminum pigment subjected to the surface treatment with the phosphate compound is subjected to an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer to obtain an X-ray photoelectron spectrum having a wave form. Thereafter, when a waveform separation was performed by using a Voigt function in such an X-ray photoelectron spectrum, the X-ray photoelectron spectrum has peaks in the rage of 190 eV or more but 192 eV or less. A printed object is also provided. The printed object is produced by applying the ultraviolet ray curable ink composition onto a recording medium, and then irradiating the ultraviolet ray curable ink composition with an ultraviolet ray.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber composition devoid of or practically devoid of zinc or zinc derivative, usable in particular for the manufacture of tires or tire treads, comprising at least: a diene elastomer; an inorganic filler as reinforcing filler; optionally carbon black, in an amount less than 5 phr; a silane polysulfide of formula (I): in which: the symbols R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group selected from among alkyls, whether straight-chain or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the phenyl radical; the symbols R3, which may be identical or different, each represent hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group selected from among alkyls, whether straight-chain or branched, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxyalkyls, whether straight-chain or branched, having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; the symbols Z, which may be identical or different, are divalent bond groups comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; x is an integer or

Abstract: Disclosed are adhesion promoting adducts containing adhesion promoting groups and metal ligands and compositions such as sealant compositions useful in aerospace applications comprising the adhesion promoting adducts. The adhesion promoting adducts are useful as adhesion promoting additives or as a copolymerizable reactant in polymer compositions.

Abstract: A composition contains a polymer component comprising a crosslinked product of a polyarylene, a crosslinked product of a substituted polyphenylene, a crosslinked product of a polyphenylene sulfide and a polyphenylsulfone, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; and a mesoporous silicate having an average pore size of about 5 nanometers to about 50 nanometers. The composition has high-temperature elastomeric properties and excellent mechanical strength. The compositions are useful in oil and gas downhole applications. Methods for the manufacture of the composition and articles comprising the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a pelletized stabilizer mixture for halogen-containing plastics, comprising the following steps: (a) heating, at from 40 to 100° C. in an extruder or kneader, a mixture comprising (A) at least one lubricant, (B) at least one substance having stabilizer activity, and (C) auxiliaries and additives, ?where at least 1% by weight of all of the substances, based on the total amount of the mixture, has a melting point below 100° C., (b) forcing the material through a pelletizing die, (c) carrying out die-face pelletization under water, (d) transporting the pelletized stabilizer mixture away in a stream of water, (e) extracting the pelletized stabilizer mixture from the water, and (f) drying the pelletized stabilizer mixture. The present invention further relates to pelletized stabilizer mixtures producible therefrom, and also to use of these.

Abstract: A method for processing a thermoplastic material that comprises a microwave-sensitive polymeric region, wherein the method includes exposing the microwave-sensitive polymeric region to microwaves; wherein the exposing results in an increase in the temperature of the polymeric region; and processing the thermoplastic material is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a formulation comprising a medium, one or more stabilizers, and one or more particles comprising nanoparticles included within a host material. In certain embodiments, a stabilizer comprises a HALS stabilizer. In certain embodiments, a stabilizer comprises a UVA stabilizer. In certain embodiments, the formulation includes a HALS stabilizer and a UVA stabilizer. In certain embodiments, nanoparticles have light-emissive properties. Other embodiments relate to a powder obtainable from a formulation of the invention, a composition including a powder of the invention, a coating comprising a formulation of the invention, and products and applications including a particle of the invention. In preferred embodiments, a nanoparticle comprises a semiconductor nanocrystal. In certain embodiments, a host material comprises a polymer. In certain embodiments, a host material comprises an inorganic material. A raw batch formulation and particle obtainable therefrom is also disclosed.

Abstract: A vulcanizable composition of matter comprising a rubber component, a filler, a curative for the rubber, where the rubber component includes a multi-modal polymer including at least two distinct peak molecular weights within a range defined by a lower limit of 80 kg/mole and an upper limit of 500 kg/mole.

Abstract: A composition for manufacturing the inner liners and inner tubes of tires, and a method of preparing the same. The composition includes the following two phases: A) a continuous phase of a composition of graphene oxide/rubber including graphene oxide, a reactive rubber, and a solid rubber; and B) a dispersion phase of an epoxy natural rubber or a thermoplastic resin. In the composition of graphene oxide/rubber, the graphene oxide leads to low gas permeability and remarkably reinforces the rubber composition. The epoxy natural rubber or thermoplastic resin is dispersed in the composition of graphene oxide/rubber and forms an islands-in-the-sea structure. The composition has low gas permeability, excellent mechanical properties, and flexibility, and is adhesive to adjacent rubber.

Abstract: The invention provides functionalized block composites and crystalline block composites as compatibilizers. In particular, the invention provides compositions of at least three polymers and a compatibilizer. The compatibilizer comprises a functionalized olefin-based polymer formed from at least (A) and (B): (A) a crystalline block composite comprising: a block copolymer comprising a propylene-based crystalline block and crystalline ethylene-based block; a propylene-based crystalline polymer; and, a crystalline ethylene-based polymer; and (B) at least one functionalization agent or a functionalized olefin-based polymer formed from at least (A) and (B): (A) a crystalline block composite comprising: a block copolymer comprising a propylene-based crystalline block and crystalline ethylene-based block; a propylene-based crystalline polymer; and, a crystalline ethylene-based polymer; and (B) at least one functionalization agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mixture of a polydiorganosiloxane polyamide-containing material and an organic polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nonwoven fabric comprising within the range of from 50 to 99 wt %, by weight of the composition, of a reactor grade propylene-?-olefin copolymer possessing within the range of from 5 to 35 wt %, by weight of the copolymer, of units derived from one or more of ethylene and/or C4 to C12 ?-olefins; a melt flow rate (230° C./2.16 kg) within the range of from 500 to 7500 g/10 min; and a weight average molecular weight of less than 200,000; and a second polypropylene having a melting point, Tm, of greater than 110° C. and a melt flow rate (230° C./2.16 kg) within the range of from 20 to 7500 g/10 min; wherein the fabric has a CD Elongation value of greater than 50% (measuring the fabric of 35 g/m2 basis weight). The fabric described herein can be used in structures comprising one or more layers of the fabric described herein, and can include any number of other fabric layers made from other materials.

Abstract: A propylene polymer composition comprising (percent by weight): A) 68%-80%, of a propylene homopolymer having a Polydispersity Index (P.I.) value of from 4.7 to 10 and MFR L (Melt Flow Rate according to ISO 1133, condition L, i.e. 230° C. and 2.16 kg load) from 10 to 30 g/10 min; B) 20%-32%, of a copolymer of propylene containing from 40.1% to 42.5% extremes included of ethylene derived units; the composition having an intrinsic viscosity of the fraction soluble in xylene at 25° C. comprised between 3 and 6 dl/g and a MFR L from 4 to 12 g/10 min. Said Propylene polymer composition being particularly suitable for injection molded articles having high rigidity and high impact properties at room and at low temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for preparing a multistage polymer by contacting under emulsion polymerization conditions an acrylic monomer, a sulfur acid monomer, and a phosphorous acid monomer as described herein. The present invention is also a composition comprising a nonionic surfactant and a stable aqueous dispersion of polymer particles comprising structural units of butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, a sodium vinylbenzenesulfonate, and phosphoethyl methacrylate; wherein the polymer particles have a Tg of less than 10° C. The composition of the present invention is useful as a binder for coatings compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process comprising contacting a stable aqueous dispersion of pre-formed polymer particles with a monomer emulsion under emulsion polymerization conditions to form a stable aqueous dispersion of pre-formed particles protuberating from polymer particles arising from the polymerization of the monomer emulsion; these multistage polymer particles show exceptional compatibility with pigment particles. In another aspect, the present invention is a composition relating to the pre-formed particles.

Abstract: Various uses of chloro, fluoroalkenes, particularly (HFCO-1233) in a variety of applications, including as blowing agents are disclosed.

Abstract: Photoactive additives are disclosed. Such additives are polymers or oligomers that contain UV-active groups (such as ketone groups) and contain polysiloxane blocks as well. When added to a base polymeric resin and used in molding, this structure promotes migration of the additive to the surface. Crosslinking occurs upon exposure to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A method of preparing a curable polyorganosiloxane composition including kneading a uniform mixture of an alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane, a polyorganohydrogensiloxane, and a platinum group metal compound, and defoaming the kneaded mixture under reduced pressure, the alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane includes a linear polyorganosiloxane of the formula (I): R is R1 or R2, and at least two Rs are R1; R1 is C2-C6 alkenyl; R2 is C1-C6 alkyl; and n is a value that yields a viscosity at 23° C. of 10 to 10,000 cPs, a branched polyorganosiloxane containing SiO4/2 and R?3SiO1/2 units, optionally a R?2SiO and/or a R?SiO3/2, R? represents a monovalent aliphatic or alicyclic, and at least three R? groups per molecule are alkenyls, the alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane having a weight ratio of the branched to linear polyorganosiloxane of 1 to 5; and a number of hydrogens bonded to a silicon atom of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane exceeds 2.

Abstract: Compound of Formula I: are described, along with compositions containing the same and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Coating compositions are disclosed that include corrosion resisting particles such that the coating composition can exhibit corrosion resistance properties. Also disclosed are substrates at least partially coated with a coating deposited from such a composition and multi-component composite coatings, wherein at least one coating later is deposited from such a coating composition. Methods and apparatus for making ultrafine solid particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating metal substrates, including ferrous substrates, such as cold rolled steel and electrogalvanized steel. The methods include contacting the metal substrates with a conditioning composition including a free fluoride source and then depositing a pretreatment composition including a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal on a portion of the substrate contacted with the conditioning composition. Also disclosed are electrophoretically coated substrates treated by the methods.

Abstract: A roofing and/or siding material that reduces the incidence of undesired micro-organisms from entering into the air intake of air conditioner and/or heating systems of a building structure to thereby improve the quality of the air in the building structure.

Abstract: This invention discloses a wood preservative composition for the supplemental or remedial treatment of in-service poles, posts, piling, cross ties and other wooden structures. The wood preservative composition comprises a slow-release micronized copper compound in combination with a boron compound or a fluoride compound.

Abstract: Aqueous pigment dispersions having components in the dispersant capable of interacting with cellulose are described. These components include a heterocycle substituted to the oxygen atom of an acrylate ester. The heterocycle is selected based on its Hansen solubility parameters.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a composition that can be used to heal cracks in plastics and other substrates. In the present invention, a composition comprising nanotubes, healing agent(s), and end caps for the nanotubes may be used to heal crack(s) as they begin to occur. With the composition, the healing agent(s) are contained within the nanotubes, and a reaction releases the healing agent(s) after the end caps can be removed from the nanotubes. This invention also includes a method of preparing a composition for healing cracks in plastics and other substrates. For this method, the healing agent(s) are filled inside of the nanotubes, and then end caps are bound onto the ends of the nanotubes. After a reaction occurs to remove the end caps and release the healing agent(s), the cracks within the substrate may then be healed.

Abstract: A phase change ink composition is disclosed. The phase change ink composition comprises a crystalline component and an amorphous component. At a temperature ranging from about 40° C. to about 80° C., the phase change ink simultaneously exhibits (i) a static force ranging from about 2 N to about 4.5 N, and (ii) a storage modulus ranging from about 300 MPa to about 700 Mpa. The crystalline component is not a wax. A method of predicting spreading performance of a phase change ink is also disclosed.

Abstract: An active energy ray-curable ink which contains: polymerizable compounds containing a monofunctional polymerizable monomer a homopolymer of which has Tg of 90° C. or higher, wherein a cured product obtained by forming a coating film having an average thickness of 10 ?m on a polycarbonate substrate using the ink, and 15 seconds later, and applying active energy rays having a light quantity of 1,500 mJ/cm2 to the coating film to cure satisfies the following (1) and (2): (1) a stretchability of the cured product represented by the following equation is 2 or greater, when the cured product is stretched by a tensile tester at a tensile speed of 20 mm/min, and temperature of 180° C., and Stretchability=(length after tensile test)/(length before tensile test) (2) adhesion between the substrate and the cured product as measured by a cross-cut test in accordance with JIS K5400 is 70 or greater.

Abstract: Provided is a black ink composition containing a pigment, wherein the value calculated from the average particle diameter and the particle size distribution width of the pigment and the ink viscosity is regulated within a certain range, and the number of coarse particles contained in the ink composition is regulated to a certain value or less. The ink composition is excellent in ink storage stability and can give an image realized with good balance between color development, in particular, in high-speed printing and inhibition of a time-dependent change in printing density due to pigment sedimentation.

Abstract: An ink composition for ink jet recording, containing: a dye; organic solvents; and water, wherein a ratio (S1/S2) of a content (S1) of the first organic solvent and a content (S2) of the second organic solvent being 15.3 or more and 205 or less: and wherein the organic solvents including a first organic solvent satisfying a following property (A) and a second organic solvent not satisfying the property (A), and property (A): when a mixture with polyvinyl alcohol is produced, a cluster having a mass of 70% or more based on a total mass of the mixture is formed and when a load of 5.3 g/mm2 or more and 7.1 g/mm2 or less is applied to the cluster, a cluster having a mass of 90% or more based on a total mass of the cluster is formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hot melt ink composition, the hot melt ink composition being solid at room temperature and in a liquid state at an elevated temperature, including a binder, a colorant, a crystalline material, and a crystallization retardant, wherein the crystalline material is a di-substituted compound and the crystallization retardant is a mono-substituted derivative of the crystalline material. The invention further relates to a method for preparing such hot melt compositions and to use of a hot melt ink composition.

Abstract: An odor suppressing cover material for a bulk material pile and method for applying the cover material are disclosed. The cover composition includes at least 50 weight percent water; 1 to 50 weight percent of a bentonite clay; 0.1% to 5% cellulosic water dispersible polymer or starch; and 0.02% to 1% of a mixture containing at least some lipid essential oil and at least some ethoxylated alkylphenol. The cover composition may additionally and optionally contain Portland cement, colorant and fibers.

Abstract: A suspension for protecting a semiconductor material includes a polymeric matrix as carrier medium, inorganic particles, and at least one of an absorber dye or a plasticizer.

Abstract: A primer coating is provided for use on polymeric substrates to enhance the adhesion of metallized coatings to the substrates. The primer coating also improves the gas barrier properties of the substrate when used in combination with a metallized coating. The primer coating includes an amorphous polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, and optionally, an aqueous dispersion of polyurethane. The primer coating may be applied to a variety of polymeric substrates including polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate, biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate, oriented polypropylene, biaxially oriented polypropylene, and biaxially oriented polyamide. When used in combination with the subsequently applied metallized coating, an oxygen transmission rate of about 0.1 and 5.0 cc/m2/day at 0% relative humidity is achieved.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising a hydrolyzable silyl-containing (meth)acrylic copolymer which is obtained from copolymerization of an alkyl (meth)acrylate with a silane compound having a long-chain alkylene linker between a hydrolyzable functional group and a radically polymerizable unsaturated group, and an organometallic catalyst is low-temperature curable and isocyanate-free. Even though the silane content is increased for coating hardness, the composition maintains alkali resistance and has good adhesion and solvent resistance when applied onto substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new process of preparation for PUA with superior mechanical performance, such as elongation, and tensile strength. The process is solvent free, smooth, and robust. PU prepolymer prepared according to the present invention has low viscosity, and contains no particulate DMPA.

Abstract: This invention relates to a coating composition, especially, relates to an aqueous coating composition with improved stability.

Abstract: A shelf-stable fast-cure aqueous coating is disclosed. The coating contains an anionically stabilized latex, a polyfunctional amine and a volatile base that also allows for a chelated metal oxide such that an amount sufficient to deprotonate the conjugate acid of the amine is provided.

Abstract: A liquid polycarbonate coating composition including an aliphatic polycarbonate resin and a cross linking compound, said aliphatic polycarbonate resin being derived from, in the presence of a catalyst, an aliphatic polyol which comprises (a) from 50 to 100% by weight of the aliphatic polyol, one or more cycloaliphatic polyols that consist essentially of primary hydroxyl groups and (b) from 0 to 50% by weight of the aliphatic polyol, one or more linear aliphatic polyols, is provided. A method of coating a substrate with the liquid polycarbonate coating composition and the resulting articles are also provided.

Abstract: An indirect printing apparatus is disclosed. The printing apparatus comprises an intermediate transfer member. A polyurethane based sacrificial coating is on the intermediate transfer member. The printing apparatus also comprises a coating mechanism for forming the sacrificial coating onto the intermediate transfer member and a drying station for drying the sacrificial coating. At least one ink jet nozzle is positioned proximate the intermediate transfer member and configured for jetting ink droplets onto the sacrificial coating formed on the intermediate transfer member. An ink processing station is configured to at least partially dry the ink on the sacrificial coating formed on the intermediate transfer member. The printing apparatus comprises a substrate transfer mechanism for moving a substrate into contact with the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: A coating for an article may be made by applying a powder of a polyhemiaminal (PHA) polymer material to the article in a particulate form and then converting the PHA polymer material to a polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) polymer material and fusing the particles into a monolithic coating by applying heat to the particles. The method generally includes forming a dilute reaction mixture comprising a formaldehyde reactant, a solvent, a primary aromatic diamine, and heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of between about 20° C. and about 120° C. for a short time to form a polymer. A particulate solid is precipitated by adding an excess volume of a non-solvent to the mixture. The powder may be applied to an article and then heated to fuse the powder into a coating and convert the PHA to PHT.