Abstract: The present subject matter relates to systems and methods for sealing one or more MEMS devices within an encapsulated cavity. A first material layer can be positioned on a substrate, the first material layer comprising a first cavity and a second cavity that each have one or more openings out of the first material layer. At least the first cavity can be exposed to a first atmosphere and sealed while it is exposed to the first atmosphere while not sealing the second cavity. The second cavity can then be exposed to a second atmosphere that is different than the first atmosphere, and the second cavity can be sealed while it is exposed to the second atmosphere.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) die includes a substrate having a recess formed therein and a cantilevered platform structure. The cantilevered platform structure has a platform and an arm extending from the platform, wherein the platform and arm are suspended over the recess. The arm is fixed to the substrate and is a sole attachment point of the platform to the substrate. A MEMS device resides on the platform. Fabrication methodology entails forming the recess in the substrate, with the recess extending inwardly from a surface of the substrate, and attaching a structural layer over the recess and over the surface of the substrate. The MEMS device is formed on the structural layer and the structural layer is removed around a perimeter of the platform and the arm to form the cantilevered platform structure.

Abstract: To reduce the amplitude voltage of control signals of a MEMS device. A semiconductor device includes a MEMS device, a first transistor, a second transistor whose source or drain is electrically connected to a source or a drain of the first transistor, a third transistor which sets the potential of a gate of the first transistor to a value at which the first transistor is turned on, a fourth transistor which sets the potential of the gate of the first transistor to a value at which the first transistor is turned off, and a fifth transistor which supplies a signal to a gate of the second transistor and a gate of the fourth transistor.

Abstract: A MEMS device and a method of making a MEMS device are disclosed. In one embodiment a semiconductor device comprises a substrate, a moveable electrode and a counter electrode, wherein the moveable electrode and the counter electrode are mechanically connected to the substrate. The movable electrode is configured to stiffen an inner region of the movable membrane.

Abstract: A method of forming a packaged electronic device includes fabricating a MEMS structure, such as a BAW structure, on a first semiconductor wafer substrate; forming a cavity in a second semiconductor wafer substrate; and mounting the second substrate on the first substrate such that the MEMS structure is positioned inside the cavity in the second substrate using epoxy die attachment film. A wafer level assembly and an integrated circuit package are also described.

Abstract: A MEMS chip includes a cap layer and a composite device layer. The cap layer includes a substrate. The substrate has a first region and a second region, wherein the first region includes plural first trenches and the second region has plural second trenches. The first region has a first etch pattern density and the second region has a second etch pattern density, wherein the first etch pattern density is higher than the second etch pattern density to form chambers of different pressures.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus including processes that use two layers of resist, with a layer of etch stop material in between.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a steam to carbon ratio control device including: a heat source, and an evaporation mixer and a steam separator interconnected by pipelines, said connecting pipelines of the evaporation mixer and the steam separator are provided with a temperature control device and a pressure control device, said evaporation mixer is provided with a natural gas inlet, a desalinated water inlet and a mixed gas outlet, the inlet of said heat source is connected with a end closer to the natural gas inlet of the evaporation mixer, the outlet of said heat source is connected to a end closer to the mixed gas outlet. Comparing with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that it can accurately control the proportion of natural gas to steam and stably control the flow rates of natural gas and steam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying raw-material gases by fractionation. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for cleansing chlorine gas of bromine.

Abstract: A highly cost-efficient method and process for producing oxygen from a gaseous mixture such as air results in substantial energy savings compared to conventional methods. The gaseous mixture is fed to a membrane absorber in which oxygen from the gas is absorbed, through a first membrane by an oxygen-absorbing liquid that possesses suitable absorption and desorption properties. The resulting oxygen-rich carrier liquid is fed to a membrane desorber in which oxygen from the liquid is desorbed through a second membrane, suitably with the aid of a vacuum. The oxygen product suitably has greater than 95% purity, or greater than 99% purity.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described for organizing nanoparticles or microparticles into nanostructures or microstructures using collagen as a template.

Abstract: A freestanding thin film of nano-crystalline graphite is described, as well as a method of producing a freestanding thin film of nano-crystalline graphite including: providing a freestanding thin film of amorphous carbon, heating the freestanding thin film to a high temperature in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum; and allowing the freestanding thin film to cool down, as a result of which a freestanding thin film of nano-crystalline graphite is formed. The films can be used, for example, as phase plates in a Transmission Electron Microscope.

Abstract: A method and system of separating graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) from initial graphite raw material is disclosed. The raw material is exfoliated to create a percentage of separated GNPs in a resulting bulk mixture. Agglomerates between the separated graphene nanoplatelets are broken. The mixture is separated into fractions having nanoparticles of different GNP content and size distribution. Each different range of nanoparticles is separated into GNPs and graphite nanopowder via a medium flow process or via electrostatic separation or both.

Abstract: A transparent conductive article which includes one of more graphene sheets, at least one of the sheets having a sheet resistance of less than 100 ?/?. The transparent conductive article includes no more than ten graphene sheets. The transparent conductive article can have a transmission of at least 90%. The one or more sheets can have a transmission of at least 90%. A method of making a transparent conductive sheet includes heat treating a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene sheet, the sheet having a width dimension of at least 1 cm, in a non-oxidizing environment to a temperature of at least 2400° C. for a sufficient period of time to have a sheet resistance of less than 100 ?/? and a transmittance of at least 90%. Prior to heat treating, the sheet is disposed on a suspension media, such as flexible graphite, having a chemical and thermal stability such that the suspension media functionally survives the heat treating step.

Abstract: Particles containing a strong oxidizer (classified as PG I according to the standard test method of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, 5th revised Edition, sub-section 34.4.1) and at least one other constituent, the amount and nature of the constituent(s) other than the strong oxidizer in the particles being such that the particles are classified as non-oxidizer according to the stand- and test method of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, 5th revised Edition, sub-section 34.4.1. Process for the production of these particles.

Abstract: A zirconia nanoparticle material includes a zirconia nanoparticle and a carbonate coordinated on a surface of the zirconia nanoparticle. The carbonate is 1 to 10 parts by weight of the zirconia nanoparticle.

Abstract: A porous iron powder consisting essentially of a reduced iron powder having a specific surface area above 3000 m2/kg. The reduced iron powder is ferric oxide in a hydrogen environment and mechanical fluid bed operating at barometric pressure. The hydrogen environment has a pH2/pH2O ratio above 2.3. The reduced iron powder is ferric oxide produced by roasting of a solution of ferrous chloride. The end-product particle size is between 1 and 45 microns and has an in-vitro dissolution rate of 100% in at most twenty minutes.

Abstract: A drinking water filtering device filters drinking water being drunk from a beverage container. The device includes a housing having a peripheral wall defining an interior space. The housing has a bottom end and a top end, each of which is open. A filter is positioned in the interior space between the bottom end and the top end. A collar is coupled to and extends upwardly from the top end of the housing around the open end. The collar defines a socket configured for receiving an opening of a straw wherein the filter is configured for filtering water drawn through the interior space by sucking on the straw.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a fluid or specifically water treatment system having a plurality of multiple module treatment sites utilizing both low latency local control and higher latency global operational control is provided. Said multiple module treatment site comprises one or more multitude Pulse Effect Distillation™ (PED) modules, one or more pretreatment units, and one or more sludge concentration and storage units. Said control system and method examines sensor signals corresponding to selected PED parameters of the same PED module and takes actions based on measured and estimated PED parameters.

Abstract: A facility management system quickly creates information required for maintenance or the like of a water treatment facility, after water is sampled at the water treatment facility. The facility management system includes a management center 40 including an operation database 44 in which information indicating an operating status of a water treatment facility 1 is stored, a portable water quality analyzer 20 configured to perform water quality analysis on water taken from the water treatment facility 1, and a communication apparatus 30 configured to acquire an analysis result from the portable water quality analyzer 20 and wirelessly transmit the analysis result. The management center 40 receives the analysis result transmitted from the communication apparatus 30, creates information indicating the operating status of the water treatment facility 1, by using the analysis result, and registers the information in the operation database 44.

Abstract: A method of cleaning compact wastewater concentrator cleans accreted salts from inner surfaces of a compact wastewater concentrator having a demister including mist eliminators. The method of cleaning is simple and quick and eliminates a majority of accreted salts by re-dissolving the salts in relatively dilute process water.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and/or apparatuses for treating wastewater produced at a thermoelectric power plant, other industrial plants, and/or other industrial sources are disclosed. The wastewater is directed through a wastewater concentrator including a direct contact adiabatic concentration system. A stream of hot feed gases is directed through the wastewater concentrator. The wastewater concentrator mixes the hot feed gases directly with the wastewater and evaporates water vapor from the wastewater. The wastewater concentrator separates the water vapor from remaining concentrated wastewater. A contained air-water interface liquid evaporator may be arranged to pre-process the wastewater before being treated by the wastewater concentrator.

Abstract: A system for degassing water includes a membrane contactor of degassing water, and a membrane module for enriching nitrogen from a source having <98% nitrogen purity coupled to said degassing membrane module. The enriching membrane module may be physically connected to the degassing membrane contactor. A method for degassing water includes the steps of: enriching a nitrogen gas having a purity of <98% to a purity of >99% via a membrane module, feeding the enriched nitrogen gas to a degassing membrane contactor, and degassing the water with the degassing membrane contactor. The water may be seawater, and/or ground water, and/or river water and/or surface water.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to the treatment of water using biochar. More specifically, the treatment of flowback water from drilling operations such as hydraulic fracturing or the treatment of tailing water from tar sands production. Such treatment results in the reduction of various constituents such as metal ions, organic compounds and various metals to provide recycled water suitable for reuse or discharge.

Abstract: Methods for removing a target anion entity, such as a phosphate ion, from fluids by treating the fluid with a substrate containing an immobilized rare earth, the substrate being either a first loaded substrate including a first immobilized cationic rare earth, the first loaded substrate being formed by precipitating a rare earth in a clay such that the rare earth is fixed inside a porous structure of the clay and/or fixed on the surface of the clay; or a second loaded substrate comprising a second immobilized cationic rare earth that is bonded to the second loaded substrate via a chelating ligand.

Abstract: An optical fluid treatment device comprising at least a holder provided with an aperture, a lamp device at least partly located in the aperture. The aperture comprises a fluid passage extending in a main fluid flow direction between a fluid inlet opening and a fluid outlet opening. The fluid passage extends at least partly along the lamp device, wherein the lamp device has an elongated shape extending substantially perpendicularly to the main fluid flow direction.

Abstract: In one aspect the invention provides a fluid treatment apparatus for treating contaminated fluid. The apparatus comprises a container having base member and a peripheral containment wall and defining a total interior volume. The apparatus further comprises at least one container inlet to receive said contaminated fluid, at least one container outlet to discharge water separated from said contaminated fluid, a separation region suitable to receive said contaminated fluid, to allow separation of said contaminated fluids into less dense contaminants, water and denser contaminants, and to store said denser contaminants as a sediment layer on the base member. The apparatus further comprises a water collection region suitable to receive water from the separation region and direct said water to said at least one container outlet, and an oil collection region, suitable to receive less dense contaminants from the separation region.

Abstract: A fluid treatment unit and a sealing structure which is preferably for the fluid treatment unit are provided. The sealing structure includes: a cylinder with an opening formed at one end thereof, the cylinder comprising an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, and an outer thread being provided on the outer wall surface; a sealing cover which is capable of hermetically cooperating with the inner wall surface of the cylinder to seal the opening; a support cover which is capable of being connected with the cylinder by thread engagement; when the support cover and the cylinder are relatively rotated in order to achieve a threaded connection of the support cover and the cylinder, the support cover is capable of supporting the sealing cover and impelling it to move in parallel so as to allow the sealing cover to reach a position at which it seals the opening.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor electrochemical cylinder (11) made up of concentric layers of capacitors (16), current collectors (14a, 14b, 14c), ion specific membranes (18, 18a, 18b) and dielectric spacer (20) wrapped around an inner support tube (12) that can be used as a high capacitance capacitor and to remove dissolved solids from a liquid stream such as water, acid, aqueous or non-aqueous.

Abstract: An antimicrobial method of treating wastewater and a wastewater antimicrobial dispenser containing an antimicrobial agent for treating a body of wastewater to kill microorganisms by increasing the concentration metal ions therein. The antimicrobial method includes the step of increasing the effectiveness of the biocidal component in the body of wastewater to thereby lessen the need for a supplemental biocide by adding a compound containing a hydantoin ring where the compound containing a hydantoin ring may or may not have any antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial agent including a source of biocidal metal ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring where the antimicrobial agent may be a powder, a liquid a solid or combinations thereof.

Abstract: In wellbore construction it has become environmentally and economically practical to treat flow back and produced water at the well site. Typically the flow back and produced water is initially contained in an open air pond. The water is then run to a treatment system to remove particulates and then deposited in a second clean pond. The water in the second clean pond may be allowed to sit in the pond for weeks before it is pumped out to be taken and disposed of or most likely to be used as a water source in the construction of a different well. Unfortunately even though the water may have initially been treated with the biocide due to the open environment to water is usually re-contaminated with both nutrients and both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The anaerobic bacteria usually include sulfur reducing bacteria which in turn produces hydrogen sulfide dissolved in the water.

Abstract: A system and method for treating wastewater includes two or more biological reaction zones separated by chamber walls. The system and method for treating wastewater includes static recycle of a mixed liquor from a second biological reaction zone to a first biological reaction zone.

Abstract: A method of biological wastewater treatment, having an anaerobic zone, an anoxic zone and an aerobic zone, where raw wastewater is brought to the anaerobic zone, then, the wastewater is directed to the anoxic zone and eventually to the aerobic zone, afterwards, a part of the content of the aerobic zone is returned to the anoxic zone, and the rest of the wastewater from the aerobic zone is directed together with the sludge, directly or through additional zones, to a secondary settling tank where the treated wastewater is separated from the sludge, and the treated wastewater and excess sludge located on the bottom of the secondary settling tank are discharged outside the secondary settling tank, and the rest of the sludge accumulated in the secondary settling tank is passed to the anaerobic zone directly or via the anoxic zone in the process of external recirculation.

Abstract: A method for treating sludge comprising the steps of a) separating the sludge into a BOD-rich portion and a BOD-poor portion; and b) adding flocculant to the BOD-rich portion after the separating step. A currently preferred method comprises the steps of a) first passing the sludge through a sludge classifying press to create a classified sludge; and b) adding at least one flocculent to the classified sludge after the passing step. The method may comprise the further steps of separating grit from the sludge by preliminarily passing the sludge through a grit separator prior to the first passing step; and/or thickening the classified sludge by second passing the classified sludge through a sludge thickener after the adding step.

Abstract: A system comprising method and apparatus for separating biologically-digestible materials from an influent sewage stream. The system may comprise a primary clarification tank to capture sixty percent or more of the total solids from an influent stream; a sludge classifying press (SCP) to isolate and concentrate biologically digestible materials from sludge formed in the primary clarification tank, releasing valuable organics, such as are found in corn kernels, by fracturing the protective casings; a grit capture mechanism in a chamber within the primary clarification tank and isolated from the bulk of the sludge containing biologically-degradable materials; a grit trap to remove grit from the sludge prior to classifying the sludge with the SCP; apparatus for adding thickener to the sludge after classification and prior to digestion; and automation of one or more elements of the process for separating and digesting the biologically digestible materials in an influent stream.

Abstract: A system comprising method and apparatus for separating biologically-digestible materials from an influent sewage stream. The system may comprise a primary clarification tank to capture sixty percent or more of the total solids from an influent stream; a sludge classifying press (SCP) to isolate and concentrate biologically digestible materials from sludge formed in the primary clarification tank, releasing valuable organics, such as are found in corn kernels, by fracturing the protective casings; a grit capture mechanism in a chamber within the primary clarification tank and isolated from the bulk of the sludge containing biologically-degradable materials; a grit trap to remove grit from the sludge prior to classifying the sludge with the SCP; apparatus for adding thickener to the sludge after classification and prior to digestion; and automation of one or more elements of the process for separating and digesting the biologically digestible materials in an influent stream.

Abstract: A system comprising method and apparatus for separating biologically-digestible materials from an influent sewage stream. The system may comprise a primary clarification tank to capture sixty percent or more of the total solids from an influent stream; a sludge classifying press (SCP) to isolate and concentrate biologically digestible materials from sludge formed in the primary clarification tank, releasing valuable organics, such as are found in corn kernels, by fracturing the protective casings; a grit capture mechanism in a chamber within the primary clarification tank and isolated from the bulk of the sludge containing biologically-degradable materials; a grit trap to remove grit from the sludge prior to classifying the sludge with the SCP; apparatus for adding thickener to the sludge after classification and prior to digestion; and automation of one or more elements of the process for separating and digesting the biologically digestible materials in an influent stream.

Abstract: A system comprising method and apparatus for separating biologically-digestible materials from an influent sewage stream. The system may comprise a primary clarification tank to capture sixty percent or more of the total solids from an influent stream; a sludge classifying press (SCP) to isolate and concentrate biologically digestible materials from sludge formed in the primary clarification tank, releasing valuable organics, such as are found in corn kernels, by fracturing the protective casings; a grit capture mechanism in a chamber within the primary clarification tank and isolated from the bulk of the sludge containing biologically-degradable materials; a grit trap to remove grit from the sludge prior to classifying the sludge with the SCP; apparatus for adding thickener to the sludge after classification and prior to digestion; and automation of one or more elements of the process for separating and digesting the biologically digestible materials in an influent stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to systems and methods for processing organic compounds, such as manure or other organic waste. Embodiments may comprise a first containment chamber, a first anaerobic chamber, and a second anaerobic chamber. A first anaerobic chamber may receive organic compounds from a first containment chamber, and may provide a fluid stream to a second anaerobic chamber. The second anaerobic chamber may comprise a substrate, such as lava rock, with bacteria growing thereon. Further, a sulfide gas treating unit may receive and treat sulfide gases from a first anaerobic chamber and/or a second anaerobic chamber. A water storage unit may receive and store waste water or effluent from a first anaerobic chamber and/or a second anaerobic chamber.

Abstract: A waste stream is treated by anaerobic digestion. A process is described involves a step of separating solids from digestate, and returning separated solids to a digester. Optionally, there may be a step of solids separation in which larger solids are removed from the digester. A process and apparatus are described for treating waste sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in an anaerobic digester. Feed sludge is thickened or solids are separated from digestate and returned to the digester. Additional co-digestion waste may be added to the digester. The process and apparatus may be used in a retrofit of an existing wastewater treatment plant.

Abstract: In various embodiments, refractory-metal glass melt electrodes are single-crystalline, at least within an outer layer thereof.

Abstract: Repositionable heater assemblies and methods of controlling temperature of glass in production lines using the repositionable heater assemblies are disclosed. The repositionable heater assembly includes a support frame, a first sled and a second sled each coupled to the support frame with bearing members that allow the first sled and the second sled to translate in a longitudinal direction. Each of the first sled and the second sled include at least one heating element, where the heating elements are spaced apart from the glass ribbon a spacing distance. The first and second sleds are movable in the longitudinal direction to controlling the spacing distance between the heating elements of the first sled and the second sled and the glass ribbon to manage temperature of the glass ribbon.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a method for the production of synthetic quartz glass. Moreover, one aspect relates to a polyalkylsiloxane compound, which includes certain specifications with respect to chlorine content, metallic impurities content, and residual moisture, as well as the use thereof for the production of synthetic quartz glass. One aspect also relates to a synthetic quartz glass that can be obtained according to the method of one embodiment.

Abstract: A glass quench apparatus according to the present disclosure includes lower and upper quench heads configured to supply upward and downward gas flows to a heated glass sheet, and each quench head has multiple quench fins for distributing gas. For each quench head, adjacent quench fins are spaced apart center to center by a distance in the range of 0.87 to 1.15 inches, and each quench fin has multiple outlet openings that each have a diameter in the range of 0.25 to 0.36 inches. Furthermore, for each quench fin, the outlet openings are configured to provide spaced apart impingement points on the glass sheet such that adjacent impingement points are spaced apart by a distance in the range of 0.82 to 1.15 inches.

Abstract: A non-polished glass wafer, a thinning system, and a method for using the non-polished glass wafer to thin a semiconductor wafer are described herein. In one embodiment, the glass wafer has a body (e.g., circular body) including a non-polished first surface and a non-polished second surface substantially parallel to each other. In addition, the circular body has a wafer quality index which is equal to a total thickness variation in micrometers plus one-tenth of a warp in micrometers that is less than 6.0.

Abstract: A vanadium-based glass material for local heat sealing has a glass composition containing, in terms of mol %, 30.0 to 60.0% V2O5, 20.1 to 30.0% ZnO, 10.0 to 25.0% TeO2, 1.0 to 5.0% Al2O3, 0.5 to 5.0% Nb2O3, 0 to 10.0% BaO, 0 to 5.0% Fe2O3, 0 to 5.0% MnO, 0 to 5.0% CuO, 0 to 5.0% SiO2, and 0 to 8.0% CaO, and substantially not containing Pb and P.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to a coated article including a coating formed from a sol that has hydrophobic surface properties. The sol may include a mixture of at least two alkylsiloxane chemicals, with the sol potentially being aged for a certain comparatively short amount of time before being wet-applied to a major substrate surface. The application process may also undergo a certain comparatively short curing process to help provide hydrophobic surface properties. The hydrophobic surface properties help provide anti-soiling functions that are advantageous in a variety of applications including, for example, solar mirror applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to coating glass for architectural or automotive use, either monolithic or laminated, having solar control properties. The coating consists of several layers of different metal oxide semiconductors (TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, SnO2, AlOx) and a layer of metallic nanoparticles, which when superimposed on a pre-established order give the glass solar control properties. In particular the use of protective layers of n-type semiconductors around the metallic nanoparticles layer. It also relates to the method for obtaining the coating by means of the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique, using precursor solutions containing an organic or inorganic salt (acetates, acetylacetonates, halides, nitrates) of the applicable elements and an appropriate solvent (water, alcohol, acetone, acetylacetone, etc.). The synthesis is performed at a temperature between 100 and 600° C. depending on the material to be deposited.

Abstract: A method includes placing a material including a glass precursor material in contact with a second material and annealing the glass precursor material to form a glass composition in contact with the second material. In an embodiment, annealing is performed at a single temperature. In another embodiment, annealing is performed at a temperature in a range of 750° C. to 1000° C. In a particular embodiment, the glass composition includes a crystalline fraction of at least 30%.

Abstract: A plasterboard comprises a gypsum matrix having fibres embedded therein. The plasterboard optionally has a backing lamina attached to one of the faces thereof. The gypsum matrix of the plasterboard optionally comprises a polymeric additive.