Abstract: A digital microscope includes a stationary stand body (12) and a pivot unit (14) mounted on a shaft (24) of the stand body (12), pivotably about a longitudinal axis (26) of the shaft (24). The pivot unit (14) has an image sensing unit for acquiring images of objects to be examined microscopically. Microscope (10) furthermore has a brake unit (22) for braking and/or immobilizing the pivot unit (14), the brake unit (22) including at least one brake element (32 to 38) biased by an elastic element (40) into a braked position. Microscope (10) includes an actuation element (44) for releasing the brake unit (22), the brake element (32 to 38) being movable by manual actuation of the actuation element (44), against return force of the elastic element (40), from the braked position into a released position, and the actuation element (44) being coupled to the brake element (32 to 38).

Abstract: An endoscope laser light filter assembly includes a filter support having opposing first and second sides, one or more circumferential flanges, and a laser light filter. The one or more circumferential flanges are positioned on the first side of the filter support and are displaced from the filter support along a central axis. The laser light filter is supported on the second side of the filter support.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an array of light modulators. Each light modulator has a first actuator configured to drive the light modulator into a first state and a second actuator configured to drive the light modulator into a second state. The display apparatus also includes a control matrix including, for each light modulator in the array, a single actuation voltage interconnect. The actuation voltage interconnect is configured to apply a first drive voltage to the first actuator of the light modulator and apply a second drive voltage to the second actuator of the light modulator. In addition, the actuation voltage interconnect is configured to control application of a data voltage to a latch circuit to control the application of the first and second drive voltages to the first and second actuators.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of controlling a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) photonic switch includes applying a voltage to an electrode of an initial mirror of a first mirror array of the MEMS photonic switch and illuminating a control beam. The method also includes reflecting the control beam off the initial mirror to form a control beam spot on a second mirror array of the MEMS photonic switch and detecting an initial location of the control beam spot to produce an initial optical response. Additionally, the method includes adjusting the voltage in accordance with the initial optical response while the control beam spot has a nonzero velocity.

Abstract: A presentation controller in a control device captures an image of a driver using an onboard camera of an occupant state detection section, and acquires a state of the driver that is detected in the captured image and represents the posture of the driver, and the position of part of the body of the driver. The presentation controller then uses road-vehicle inter-communication to acquire, as an event, information from a detector of an event detection section indicating a danger in front of the vehicle, and detects a presentation direction for the event. The presentation controller then controls a device of a presentation section so as to move a marker that is assistance information along a direction from the vehicle toward the driver, as information perceivable by the occupant. The presentation controller then notifies the event to the ears of the driver.

Abstract: An optical structure useful in a see-through head mounted display apparatus is provided. A first and a second partially reflective and transmissive elements are configured to receive the output of any number of optical sources via an optical element. Each reflective and transmissive element is positioned along an optical viewing axis for a wearer of the device with an air gap between the elements. Each reflective and transmissive element has a geometric axis which is positioned in an off-axis relationship with respect to the optical viewing axis. The off-axis relationship may comprise the geometric axis of one or both elements being at an angle with respect to the optical viewing axis and/or vertically displaced with respect to the optical viewing axis.

Abstract: The technology provides an optical system for converting a source of projected light to uniform light for a liquid crystal on silicon microdisplay in a confined space, such as in a near-eye display device. The optical system may include a first microlens array, a second microlens array, and a polarizer device disposed between the first microlens array and the second microlens array. The near-eye display device having first and second microlens arrays may be positioned by a support structure in a head-mounted display or head-up display.

Abstract: A display device including a first image forming device and a second image forming device. The first image forming device is configured to form a first color image by sequentially displaying a first plurality of single color images according to a first color sequence. The second image forming device is configured to form a second color image by sequentially displaying a second plurality of single color images according to a second color sequence. The first color sequence is different from the second color sequence.

Abstract: Spatial color mixing in a cascade imaging system is provided herein. The system comprises: at least two spatial light pre-modulators; and, a primary spatial light modulator, each of the at least two spatial light pre-modulators configured to vary illuminating light colours spatially across the primary spatial prime modulator simultaneously with at least two of the illuminating light colours, and the primary spatial light modulator configured to form the illuminating light colours into images and turn on pixels of each of the at least two of the illuminating light colours simultaneously in synchronization with the at least two spatial light pre-modulators.

Abstract: The general field of the invention is that of display systems comprising means for generating images of a predetermined object and a display device comprising a semi-transparent projection screen. The system according to the invention is intended to be used simultaneously by at least two observers. The image generating means comprise features arranged to generate a first image of a first object and a second image of a second object, and the display system comprises two pairs of glasses worn by the first and second observer, arranged such that the first observer sees only the first image and not the second image and the second observer sees only the second image and not the first image, each pair of glasses allowing the exterior light to pass through. The first object and the second object may be identical.

Abstract: The disclosure provides apparatus and methods of manufacture pertaining to a layered artwork that provides the illusion of depth, or three-dimensional volume, and that shifts in color and spatial relationships as a viewer moves in relation to the artwork or as the light cast upon the artwork changes in intensity, angle, and/or color. The layered artwork may include a base image reproduced on a rigid substrate and at least one top image reproduced on one or more translucent substrates. The translucent substrates may be suspended above the rigid substrate such that a viewer sees both the base and top images when viewing the artwork. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A display apparatus has a first back bezel with a first side; a first light guide plate disposed above the first rear bezel; a first light bar disposed above the first side of the first back bezel, and the first light bar disposed between the first light guide plate and the first back bezel, and the first light bar including a plurality of first light-emitting diodes, a length of each of the first light-emitting diodes is L, a distance of two farthest first light-emitting diodes of these first light-emitting diodes is W1; and a display panel disposed on the first light guide plate, the display panel has a display area with a second side, the second side is adjacent to the first side, and a length of the second side is W2, W2 is smaller than W1 and the difference between W1 and W2 is great than L.

Abstract: This invention provides a polarization conversion element that is highly resistant to the heat and light that result from increased brightness levels. In said polarization conversion element, inorganic half-wave plates provided selectively on the output surface of a polarizing beam-splitter array have obliquely deposited layers comprising a dielectric material and the side surfaces of said obliquely deposited layers are covered by protective films.

Abstract: A miniature lens driving apparatus includes an optical image stabilization mechanism having a lens holder for holding therein a lens which defines an optical axis, an autofocus mechanism having an autofocus moving platform, and a plurality of wires adapted to couple the lens holder with the autofocus moving platform. The optical image stabilization mechanism is capable of moving the lens holder along a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis, and the autofocus mechanism is capable of moving the autofocus moving platform along the optical axis.

Abstract: The invention is related to a hydrated silicone hydrogel contact lens having a layered structural configuration: a lower water content silicone hydrogel core (or bulk material) completely covered with a layer of a higher water content hydrogel totally or substantially free of silicone. A hydrated silicone hydrogel contact lens of the invention possesses high oxygen permeability for maintaining the corneal health and a soft, water-rich, lubricious surface for wearing comfort.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method for making a silicone hydrogel contact lens having a nano-textured surface which mimics the surface texture of cornea of human eye. A method of the invention comprises creating a prime coating having nano-textures through controlled imbibition and/or depositions of a reactive polymeric coating material and fixing the nano-textures by crosslinking a hydrophilic polymeric material onto the prime coating to form a crosslinked polymeric coating that preserves the nano-textures of the prime coating and provides a nano-textured surface to the contact lens.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a contact lens and storage medium capable of controlling an image pickup unit provided in the contact lens. [Solution] Provided is a contact lens including: a lens unit configured to be worn on an eyeball; an image pickup unit configured to capture an image of a subject, the image pickup unit being provided in the lens unit; and an image pickup control unit configured to control the image pickup unit.

Abstract: A thermochromatic display device includes a first electrode sheet, a second electrode sheet and a plurality of thermochromatic elements. Each of the thermochromatic elements includes a sealed enclosure, an insulation layer and a first heating element. The first heating element includes a carbon nanotube film including a number of carbon nanotube linear units and a number of carbon nanotube groups. Each carbon nanotube linear unit includes a number of first carbon nanotubes substantially oriented along a first direction, and are spaced from each other and substantially extending along the first direction. The carbon nanotube groups are combined with the carbon nanotube linear units by van der Waals force.

Abstract: An acousto-optic (AO) device includes an AO crystal having a plurality of faces including a first face and a second face. An input transducer bonded to the first face (top electrode) for receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal and launching bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) configured to interact with an optical beam propagating in the AO crystal, wherein the BAWs are received at least in part by the second face after interacting with the optical beam. The second face has a roughened surface portion over an area of at least (?) 50% of an area of the top electrode, and a root mean square (rms) surface roughness ?1 ?m and a surface profile derivable from a Fourier transform which provides at least one a first spatial frequency peak from 1 cycle/mm to 300 cycles/mm or at least one band of spatial frequency peaks from 1 cycle/mm to 300 cycles/mm.

Abstract: Provided is a display device having a viewing angle changing function, which is capable of preventing leakage of information displayed on a display screen even when there is a fault generated in changing the viewing angle. The image display device including a viewing angle changing element capable of changing a wide vision display and a narrow vision display and including a display element is provided with a detection element which detects a fault generated in the viewing angle changing element and a module for changing to a narrow vision display when there is a fault based on a detection value of the detection element. For example, when there is a fault, a transparent heater is operated to heat a liquid crystal layer to set a transparent-scattering changing element to a transparent state and forcibly set the display device to a narrow vision display.

Abstract: A semiconductor device (1001) includes a thin-film transistor (103) including a gate electrode (3a), source and drain electrodes (13as, 13ad), and an oxide semiconductor layer (7), and a source bus line (13s). The source electrode, the source bus line and the drain electrode include a first metallic element and the oxide semiconductor layer includes a second metallic element. When viewed along a normal to its substrate, at least respective portions of the source electrode, the source bus line, and the drain electrode overlap with the oxide semiconductor layer. A low reflecting layer (4s, 4d) which includes the first and second metallic elements and which has a lower reflectance to visible radiation than the source electrode has been formed between the source electrode and the oxide semiconductor layer, between the source bus line and the oxide semiconductor layer, and between the drain line and the oxide semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Provided are resistive switching cells and methods of using such cells for controlling operation of liquid crystal display (LCD) cells in LCD devices. A resistive switching cell has two electrodes formed from transparent conductive oxides, such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, or zinc oxide. One electrode may be connected to a LCD cell thereby forming an in series connection between the resistive switching cell and LCD cell. The other electrode may be used to power the LCD cell through the resistive switching cell. The resistive switching cell also includes a resistive switching layer disposed between the two electrodes. When the resistive switching layer is in its low resistive state, the LCD cell is subjected to an operating potential and produces light. However, when the resistive switching layer is in its high resistive state, the LCD cell is not subjected to the operating potential and does not produce light.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device that a high quality image with suppressed display unevenness can be obtained. A liquid crystal display device includes a first metal electrode, a black matrix disposed at regular spacings, and a liquid crystal. The first metal electrode is disposed to overlap the black matrix when seen perpendicularly from above, and a second metal electrode is disposed at a place at which the first metal is not disposed at a position at which the second metal electrode overlaps the black matrix between different color sub pixels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a TFT substrate having gate lines and data lines arranged thereon, the gate lines extending in a first direction and arranged in a second direction, the data lines extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction; a counter substrate having a black matrix and a color filter; and liquid crystals put between the TFT substrate and the counter substrate. Columnar spacers are formed on the counter substrate. Pedestals are formed on portions of the TFT substrate, the portions corresponding to the columnar spacers. A convex portion and a concave portion are present at the top end of the columnar spacer. The pedestal is formed corresponding to the concave portion. The concave portion is opened at the ends thereof and connected to the lateral side of the columnar spacer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens structure is disclosed, comprising a first substrate and a second substrate each having oppositely arranged sides, a first side and second side. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, in which first side of the first substrate and second side of the second substrate are proximate to the liquid crystal layer. A first transparent conductive layer is disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer. A second transparent conductive layer is disposed on the second side of the second substrate, in which the second transparent conductive layer comprises a circular opening and a circular electrode in the circular opening. Thus, the invention can provide better response time and improve efficiency of the liquid crystal lens structure.

Abstract: A display device includes lead lines that extend from a display area, and electrically connect video signal lines or scanning signal lines within a display area, and a driver circuit or a terminal portion that receives an output from the driver circuit; an insulating film that is formed in an upper layer of the lead lines and covers the lead lines; and a conductive film that is formed in an upper layer of the insulating film. The lead lines include a plurality of first lead lines that start from the driver circuit or the terminal portion, and arrive at the scanning signal lines or the video signal lines, and a plurality of second lead lines that are smaller in wiring resistance than the first lead lines. At least the first lead lines overlap with the conductive film through the insulating film.

Abstract: A curved display panel bended along a first direction is provided. The curved display panel has a first peripheral area, a center area, and a second peripheral area sequentially arranged along the first direction. The curved display panel includes a first substrate, data lines, scan lines, pixel units, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a display medium disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The data lines and the scan lines are crossed to define pixel regions. The pixel units are respectively located in the pixel regions. The aperture ratio of at least one of the pixel regions located in the first peripheral area and the aperture ratio of at least one of the pixel regions located in the second peripheral area are smaller than the aperture ratio of at least one of the pixel regions located in the center area.

Abstract: A mounting structure of direct type backlight module light bar comprising a PCB and a plurality of light bars, wherein, two PCB circuit strips are assembling at the two edges of the PCB, the PCB circuit strips are provided with a plurality of the first connectors assembled on, the light bars are provided with a plurality of the second connectors assembled on. The PCB circuit strips can be uniformly storied and sorted out of the wire of the light bar to make the wire to be in order. The light bars can be inserted into the PCB circuit strips with the connectors for achieving the fast assembling and disassembling of the light bars. The circuit can be simplified, so the light emitting modules can be fast disassembled or assembled, and the mounding efficiency of the backlight module light bar and the rate of the good product will be improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a LCD panel having a first polarizer, a first substrate, a second substrate and a second polarizer are sequentially provided from a front surface side, a frame which surrounds the LCD panel and has a first opening having first to fourth sides, a planar light source disposed on the rear surface side of the LCD panel in the first opening, a plurality of optical sheet groups which are disposed between the planar light source and the LCD panel, and an adhesive layer which has a second opening formed along the first to fourth sides of the frame. A front surface side of the adhesive layer is adhered to the LCD panel along at least the first side, and a rear surface side of the adhesive layer is adhered to the plurality of optical sheet groups and the frame along at least the first side.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a lower panel electrode including a lower panel unit electrode, an upper panel electrode including an upper panel unit electrode facing the lower panel unit electrode, and a liquid crystal layer between the lower panel electrode and the upper panel electrode and including liquid crystal molecules, where the lower panel unit electrode includes a center electrode disposed at a center thereof, minute branches which extends from an edge side of the center electrode to an outside, and a first cutout is defined in the center of the center electrode, and the a second cutout is defined in the upper panel unit electrode between the minute branches and the first cutout, and a third cutout is connected to the second cutout and defines a boundary between subregions together with the first cutout.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a display device, including providing a first substrate and a second substrate; forming a display panel, forming the display panel including injecting a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules between the first substrate and the second substrate; bending the display panel to a predetermined curvature to form a bent display panel; and forming an alignment layer so that directions in which the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the liquid crystal layer of the bent display panel include a plurality of different domains.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode facing the lower electrode, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode. The lower electrode includes: a center electrode disposed at its center and the center electrode has a polygonal shape including diagonal sides, left and right sides, and upper and lower sides; as first cutout disposed at a center of the center electrode; a plurality of minute branches extending out from the diagonal sides; and a plurality of auxiliary minute branches extending out from the left and right sides. The upper electrode includes a second cutout disposed between the minute branches and the first cutout, and a third cutout connected to the second cutout to form a boundary between a plurality of subregions together with the first cutout, and the left and right sides are inclined at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including: a lower electrode; an upper electrode facing the lower electrode; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to surfaces of the lower electrode and the upper electrode, wherein the lower electrode includes a center electrode disposed at the center thereof, a first cutout disposed at the center of the center electrode, and a plurality of minute branches disposed extending outwardly from a side edge of the center electrode, and the upper electrode includes a second cutout disposed between the minute branches and the first cutout, a third cutout connected to upper and lower vertices of the second cutout to form a boundary among a plurality of sub-regions together with the first cutout and a fourth cutout connected to upper and lower vertices of the second cutout.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present system and method includes: a first substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate; a passivation layer disposed on the thin film transistor and including a first portion and a second portion thicker than the first portion; a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode disposed on the passivation layer, spaced apart from each other, and positioned on one pixel region; a second substrate facing the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first sub-pixel electrode is disposed on the second portion of the passivation layer, and the second sub-pixel electrode is disposed on the first portion of the passivation layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid crystal display in which a light leakage phenomenon is prevented, and a method of fabricating the same. The liquid crystal display includes: an array substrate; and an opposite substrate facing to the array substrate; and a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the opposite substrate. The array substrate includes a first base substrate in which pixel areas are defined, and the first base substrate includes a gate line, a data line crossing the gate line and voltage application lines having two lines disposed at both sides of the gate line and two lines disposed at both sides of the data line, a switching element connected with the gate line and the data line in the pixel area, and a shielding electrode and a pixel electrode on the data line. The data line and the two lines disposed at both sides of the data line at least partially overlap.

Abstract: A vehicular rearview assembly that has a rounded outer perimeter edge to satisfy safety standards and contains an EC element having a complex peripheral ring, a front surface that is fully observable from the front of the assembly, and a user interface with switches and sensors that activate and configure, in cooperation with electronic circuitry of the assembly, pre-defined function(s) or device(s) of the assembly in response to the user input applied to the user interface. A complex peripheral ring may include multiple bands the structures of which is adapted to provide for specified optical characteristics of light, reflected off of the ring. Electrical communications between the electronic circuitry, the mirror element, and the user interface utilize connectors configured to exert a low contact force, onto the mirror element, limited in part by the strength of adhesive affixing the EC element to an element of the housing of the assembly.

Abstract: This present invention relates to bus bar configurations and fabrication methods of non-rectangular shaped (e.g., triangular, trapezoidal, circular, pentagonal, hexagonal, arched, etc.) optical devices. The optical device comprises a first side, a second side, and a third side adjacent to the second side and two bus bars spanning a portion of the optical device.

Abstract: Reflective image display architecture embodiments are disclosed comprising a perforated continuous reflective sheet. The perforated continuous sheet comprises a coating that provides a threshold to particle movement. The coating may be designed to provide a passive or electro-active physical barrier. The coating improves bistability of the display.

Abstract: There are provided a transparent display apparatus and a method for controlling the same. The transparent display apparatus includes a transparent display unit that includes an emissive area and a transmissive area and is configured to display a video, an optical sensor configured to measure the amount of light, and a light shielding unit that is disposed on one surface of the transparent display unit and is configured to adjust transmittance on the basis of the amount of light.

Abstract: A frequency comb laser providing large comb spacing is disclosed. At least one embodiment includes a mode locked waveguide laser system. The mode locked waveguide laser includes a laser cavity having a waveguide, and a dispersion control unit (DCU) in the cavity. The DCU imparts an angular dispersion, group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and a spatial chirp to a beam propagating in the cavity. The DCU is capable of producing net GVD in a range from a positive value to a negative value. In some embodiments a tunable fiber frequency comb system configured as an optical frequency synthesizer is provided. In at least one embodiment a low phase noise micro-wave source may be implemented with a fiber comb laser having a comb spacing greater than about 1 GHz. The laser system is suitable for mass-producible fiber comb sources with large comb spacing and low noise. Applications include high-resolution spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method and a system for measuring an optical asynchronous sample signal. The system for measuring an optical asynchronous sampling signal comprises a pulsed optical source capable of emitting two optical pulse sequences with different repetition frequencies, a signal optical path, a reference optical path, and a detection device. Since the optical asynchronous sampling signal can be measured by merely using one pulsed optical source, the complexity and cost of the system are reduced. A multi-frequency optical comb system using the pulsed optical source and a method for implementing the multi-frequency optical comb are further disclosed.

Abstract: A stand style rear lens cap for use in a detachable lens of a camera is disclosed. The stand style rear lens cap includes a stand body having an upper end including a horizontal plane, and the horizontal plane having a central opening adapted for a rear-end projection of the detachable lens to pass therethrough, wherein a first diameter of the central opening is smaller than a second diameter of a lens body distal end of the detachable lens, a first depth of the central opening is larger than or equal to a height of the rear-end projection of the detachable lens, and an inner wall of the central opening is provided with a component that correspondingly engages with the rear-end projection of the detachable lens.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a rig for multi-camera photographing. The rig for multi-camera photographing includes a cover frame, a center base plate fixed and installed in a center line over the cover frame, and a left rotational movement plate and a right rotational movement plate disposed on the left and right sides of the center base plate and disposed in such a way as to rotatably move around rotational movement shafts protruded over the cover frame.

Abstract: A spindle mountable camera system connectable to a CNC machine for work piece inspection and identification. The camera system includes a mounting stem connectable to a CNC machine tool holder. The mounting stem includes an air passage connectable to an air supply of the CNC machine. An enclosure is attached to the mounting stem and includes a camera opening. A camera module is disposed within the enclosure and an air supply line is connected between the mounting stem and the camera module. An enclosure cover is pivotably mounted to the enclosure proximate the camera opening. One or more pneumatic cylinders are connected to the air passages and extend between the enclosure and the enclosure cover to move the enclosure cover between an open position and a closed position.

Abstract: An adapter that optically couples a camera on a mobile device to an eye piece of an optical device. The adapter includes a base plate configured to retain the mobile device without obstructing a display screen on the mobile device. The base plate includes an optical interface configured to attach to the eye piece of the optical device. A mounting structure is configured to secure the optical interface to the eye piece of the optical device. The mounting structure includes a high friction interface that prevents rotation of the adapter relative to the eye piece. An adjustment system with threaded micro-adjust mechanisms is configured to move the base plate relative to the optical interface in at least two degrees of freedom to optically couple the camera on the mobile device with an optical axis of the eye piece. Images captured by the optical device are displayed on a viewing screen of the mobile device.

Abstract: A decoration device with projection images for holidays, festivals and parties includes a shell, a module provided inside the shell, a projection unit mounted on the module, a projection film provided on the projection unit, and an LED light source disposed at one side of the projection film so that a transparent image formed on the projection film can be projected on a surface of the shell by the light source. A Bluetooth® speaker can be mounted inside the module to play music and sound from a mobile device.

Abstract: A display apparatus including: an image projecting unit for emitting projection light of an image; and a screen unit including: a Fresnel lens disposed correspondingly to the projection light; and a transmitting diffuser which includes a first display section disposed on a light-emitting side corresponding to a first area of the Fresnel lens and a second display section disposed on a light-emitting side corresponding to a second area different from the first area of the Fresnel lens, a part of the second display section being separated from the Fresnel lens for a predetermined distance.

Abstract: [Object] To be able to provide an audience with an image having more presence, and also to provide a variety of image expressions. [Solution] Provided is an image projection apparatus including: a first display unit to display a first image as a three-dimensional image utilizing a difference in a polarization direction of emission light; and a projection plate which is formed by an optically isotropic material in a predetermined thickness and onto which the first image is projected by the first display unit. The projection plate is disposed in a manner that a projection surface of the first image is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to an emission surface of the first image in the first display unit, and also transmits at least a part of light from a surface on an opposite side of the projection surface.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method including forming an amorphous silicon layer on a substrate; changing amorphous silicon in the amorphous silicon layer into crystalline silicon by irradiating the amorphous silicon with a laser beam emitted through a phase shift mask; and forming a display device, the phase shift mask including a base substrate; a barrier layer on the base substrate and including a plurality of transmissive portions which are spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and phase shift portions which alternately fill the plurality of transmissive portions in the first direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silicone skeleton-containing polymer compound containing a repeating unit shown by the general formula (1) and having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 to 500,000. There can be provided a silicone skeleton-containing polymer compound suitable used as a base resin of a chemically amplified negative resist composition that can remedy the problem of delamination generated on a metal wiring such as Cu and Al, an electrode, and a substrate, especially on a substrate such as SiN, and can form a fine pattern without generating a scum and a footing profile in the pattern bottom and on the substrate when the widely used 2.38% TMAH aqueous solution is used as a developer.