Abstract: Example apparatus for absolute position detection are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a housing and digit gears coupled to the housing to rotate about respective parallel axes. Each digit gear has a first portion including a first set of teeth disposed about an entire circumference of the first portion and a second portion including a second set of teeth disposed about only a portion of a circumference of the second portion. Each digit gear is to correspond to a respective digit in a code representing an absolute position of a shaft. A respective idler gear between each adjacent pair of the digit gears is to be intermeshed with the first set of teeth of one of the digit gears and the second set of teeth of the other one of the digit gears.

Abstract: An inductive sensor includes a primary winding, two secondary windings and a moveable target, the primary winding being centered about a central axis and carrying a high-frequency alternating current which can induce a voltage in secondary windings, the secondary windings also being centered about the central axis and made up of a number k of substantially identical loops, which are successively crossed and arranged opposite the primary winding. In this case, the target is made up of a part having p=1 angular sector with an angular opening. The opening of the angular sector of the target is less than that of a loop of secondary winding with a deviation calculated such as to eliminate the fourth harmonic of the linearity deviation Fourier decomposition, between the measured angular value and real angular value for the position of the target over the measurement course.

Abstract: A measuring system is provided that includes a magnetic field sensor array, an evaluation circuit for evaluating measurement signals of the magnetic field sensor array, and a rotatable encoder that has a mass element to change a magnetic field vector in the magnetic field sensor array. The encoder has a spring element in which the mass element is attached to the spring element. The encoder has a linear guide, and the mass element is guided in a radial direction in the linear guide such that during a rotation of the encoder the mass element can be moved by centrifugal force and the centrifugal force works against the spring force of the spring element. The magnetic field sensor array is arranged toward the encoder to measure a change, caused by the movement of the mass element, in the magnetic field vector.

Abstract: A magnetic flux enhancer system for a reluctance type resolver and an electromagnetic angle sensor having the same are provided. The electromagnetic angle sensor has a stator (210) and a rotor (115) that is rotatably supported by a rotation axis on the stator and separated therefrom by a gap, the stator having at least one magnetic field generating means (220) adapted to generate a distribution of magnetic flux that extends over the gap to the rotor, and at least one magnetic field detecting means (220) adapted to detect a change in the magnetic flux distribution caused by a rotation of the rotor. The electromagnetic angle sensor comprises a magnetic flux enhancer (230) adapted to be positioned on a side of the at least one magnetic field generating means that faces the rotor and to concentrate the generated distribution of magnetic flux over the gap along a radial direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis.

Abstract: A calibration jig allowing simple and repeatable calibration of a probe optical tomographic apparatus is disclosed. The jig includes a holding member removably attachable to an attachment section of the apparatus and a reflective surface held by the holding member. The reflective surface reflects measurement light emitted from an emitting section of the attachment section and directs reflected light back to the emitting section. If a probe of the apparatus is covered with a sheath, the jig may include a light transmitting member, which generates the same dispersion as dispersion at the sheath, between the emitting section and the reflective surface. The reflective surface may be a single reflective surface disposed within an area corresponding to twice a coherence length of the laser light with a zero path position of the reflective surface being the center of the area.

Abstract: Optical measuring systems for measuring geometrical parameters of nano-objects and methods of measuring a critical size (CS) are provided. The optical method of measuring the CS includes selecting parameters of an optic scheme and an illumination condition; recording a set of nanostructure images corresponding to various wavelengths with various defocusing levels of scattered radiation; calculating a plurality of sets of images of a nanostructure with various defocusing levels, corresponding to various wavelengths of the scattered radiation with CS values within a known range; and comparing a set of measured images of the nanostructure with the sets of the calculated images and determining a best approximate value of the CS values.

Abstract: A relocating device for locating and relocating a first object relative to a second object includes at least one light source, and a power source. The at least one light source is for producing at least two beams of light wherein each beam of light is capable of defining a beam location point on the second object. The at least one light source is operably connected to the first object. The power source is operably connected to the at least one light source. The relocating device also includes a means for defining the beam location point. A method of locating and relocating a first object relative to a second object is also disclosed.

Abstract: A distance measure between a beginning and an end of a material strip wound onto a body in a tangential direction can be determined by creating a height profile of a surface of the material strip, which covers the beginning and the end of the wound material strip in the tangential direction. If a position value of the beginning of the material strip is determined in the created height profile, the distance measure can be determined using this position value and the height profile covering the end of the material strip.

Abstract: An apparatus for 3D surface measurement of a target surface, the apparatus comprising: a first projector configured to project a fringe pattern onto the target surface; a second projector configured to project a fringe pattern onto the target surface; a first camera configured to capture the fringe patterns projected by the first projector and the second projector; a second camera configured to capture the fringe patterns projected by the first projector and the second projector; and a computer configured to perform fringe pattern processing of the fringe patterns captured by the first camera and the second camera and to perform data stitching and merging to obtain a 3D surface reconstruction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for examining an object, particularly in terms of the surface morphology thereof. Said apparatus comprises a transportable housing which can be placed, especially by hand, above the surface segment of the object that is to be examined, and at least three light sources, the optical beam axes of which extend at a slanted angle of incidence relative to the surface segment that is to be examined. The light sources are disposed inside the housing and can illuminate the surface segment that is to be examined through an illumination aperture in the housing. The apparatus further comprises at least one light sensor for detecting the light reflected on the surface segment that is to be examined and a control and evaluation unit which is connected to the light sources and the light sensor. The light sources are arranged such that the optical beam axes thereof extend on different, non-parallel reference planes.

Abstract: A rotary angle sensor used to determine a relative angular position as compared to a reference position, comprising a housing (1), at least one rotor (3, 4) that is rotatably mounted inside said housing (1), one circuit board (2) containing electrical and/or electronic components as well as one or multiple stators corresponding to the number of used rotors (3, 4). The rotary angle sensor is supposed to be improved in such a manner that allows for an especially precise alignment of a circuit board inside a housing and an easy installation of said board. This is achieved by the circumstance that bearing surfaces (9) for the circuit board (2) are provided in the direct radial vicinity of the stator inside the housing (1) and that clamping structures (11) are radially aligned with the stator in order to position the circuit board (2).

Abstract: A method of adaptively positioning a scanner [10] within a three-dimensional scene identifies an optimal next position for the scanner [40] based on analysis of a data point cloud that mimics the scanned portion of the scene. Occluded areas [38] are delineated from scan data and scans made at different locations in the scene are registered to a reference four-coordinate system. The fourth coordinate corresponds to the hue observed by the scanner at each data point.

Abstract: A camera at a fixed vertical height positioned above a reference plane, with an axis of a camera lens at an acute angle with respect to a perpendicular of the reference plane. One or more processors receive images of different people. The vertical measurement values of the images of different people are determined. The one or more processors determine a first statistical measure associated with a statistical distribution of the vertical measurement values. The known heights of people from a known statistical distribution of heights of people are transformed to normalized measurements, based in part on a focal length of the camera lens, the angle of the camera, and a division operator in an objective function of differences between the normalized measurements and the vertical measurement values. The fixed vertical height of the camera is determined, based at least on minimizing the objective function.

Abstract: A method for determining an environmental pressure change affecting a pressure sensor within a portable device to determine an elevation of the portable device is disclosed. The method involves sampling pressure data from at least one stationary pressure sensor in an area surrounding a location of the device, wherein the stationary pressure sensor in not within the portable device. The sampled pressure data is then interpolated to a time interval and a difference is computed between the interpolated pressure data over each time interval to determine a differential pressure. The location of the stationary pressure sensor is determined and the differential pressure is added to a pressure map affecting data near the location. The environmental pressure change is then computed over any interval at the location and subtracted from a pressure measurement of the pressure sensor before computing an elevation of the portable device.

Abstract: A measurement-while-drilling system includes a lower toroid, wherein the lower toroid has a lower toroid winding and is adapted to engage a mud motor shaft and is further adapted to receive a signal from one or more sensors and an upper toroid, wherein the upper toroid has a upper toroid winding; and a magnet disposed along the mud motor shaft within the lower toroid. The lower toroid and the upper toroid are disposed so that a signal from the lower toroid is induced in the upper toroid. The lower toroid winding is non-uniform so that the signal induced in the upper toroid is indicative of a rotation rate of the mud motor shaft.

Abstract: A physical quantity detection device includes: a base portion; a movable portion supported by the base portion via a joint and shifting in accordance with a change of a physical quantity; a physical quantity detection element extending over the base portion and the movable portion; a first support member extending from the base portion and having a first fixing portion; and a second support member extending from the base portion and having a second fixing portion. The distance between the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion is shorter than the distance between the root of the first support member at the junction with the base portion and the root of the second support member at the junction with the base portion.

Abstract: A sensor system having multiple sensors and having a grid generator projecting into space a relative navigation grid and a method of utilizing multiple airborne sensors operably coupled to an aircraft and coordinating the sensor outputs from the airborne sensors based on the determined spatial position of the multiple sensors and a method for utilizing multiple airborne sensors.

Abstract: A method for determining, in relation to a surveying instrument, target coordinates of a point of interest, or target, identified in two images captured by a camera in the surveying instrument. The method comprises determining coordinates of the surveying instrument, capturing a first image using the camera in the first camera position; identifying, in the first image, an object point associated with the target; measuring first image coordinates of the object point in the first image; rotating the surveying instrument around the horizontal axis and the vertical axis in order to position the camera in a second camera position; capturing a second image using the camera in the second camera position; identifying, in the second image, the object point identified in the first image; measuring second image coordinates of the object point in the second image; and determining the coordinates of the target in relation to the surveying instrument.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an approach for estimating a state-space controller from a set of video frames depicting a motion of an entity. The approach includes incrementally optimizing parameters of the state-space controller and changing a structure of the state-space controller based on expanding subsets of the set of video frames. In one embodiment, a controller-estimation application greedily selects, at every stage of the incremental optimization, structure and parameters of the controller which minimize an objective function. In another embodiment, the controller-estimation application re-optimizes, after the incremental optimization, all parameters of the state-space controller based on all of the video frames.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relates to a laser tracker for determining the position of an auxiliary measuring instrument that has a retroreflector and a multiplicity of target markings, and also for continuously tracking the auxiliary measuring instrument. The target markings may be arranged in a known fixed spatial distribution on the auxiliary measuring instrument and may be embodied to emit or reflect light beams. The laser tracker may have a first radiation source for producing measurement radiation, a distance measuring module, and a target sensing unit for determining an impingement point for radiation reflected by the retroreflector on a sensor of the target sensing unit and for producing an output signal in order to control a fine targeting functionality and a target tracking functionality.

Abstract: An axially symmetrical Coriolis vibratory gyroscope includes a thin-walled resonator with a hemispherical or cylindrical or toroidal form, the resonator being fixed at the center to a support and being formed with openings in that wall of the resonator which is located around the support, the number of openings being determined on the basis of the formula 4nk, where k is an integer, n is the order of oscillation modes, wherein the support has a symmetrical form along the longitudinal axis and is fixed to a base, electrodes are positioned on the wall of the resonator or next to the resonator for exciting and measuring two oscillation modes, a constant amplitude of one of the modes is maintained and a secondary oscillation mode which is sensitive to Coriolis forces is monitored, and the base is provided with a seat for the support of the resonator and with electrically insulated hermetically sealed leads which pass outwards via the base and through the openings in of the resonator.

Abstract: One or more systems, devices, and/or methods for organizing spatial data are disclosed. For example, a method includes receiving a location data point from a navigation device. A controller compares the distance from each of a plurality of data points to the location data point. In constructing a depthmap that associates each of the data points with the distance from the location data point, the controller assign data points within a minimum distance from the location data point into a first cell and data points greater than the minimum distance from the location data point into a second cell. The second cell is larger than the first cell and corresponds to a larger geographic area than the first cell. The depthmap may be configured to position points of interest in a panoramic or street level view image.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method, system, and computer program product guides mobility-impaired pedestrians. A processor receives mobile tracking readings from each of multiple mobility assistance devices, and identifies pedestrian routes taken by the mobility assistance devices to a desired destination. The processor identifies multiple routes, each of which has more mobile tracking readings than other pedestrian routes. The processor associates a recurring public event to times during which mobile tracking readings were taken to a first pedestrian route, and associates a lack of the recurring public event to times during which mobile tracking readings were taken to a second pedestrian route. If the recurring public event is currently in progress along the first pedestrian route, then the processor transmits directions that describe the second pedestrian route at which the public event is not occurring.

Abstract: A vehicle tracking system includes a wheel containing sensor circuitry capable of sensing various types of conditions, such as wheel rotation, wheel vibration caused by skidding, and specific electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals indicative of particular wheel locations. The sensor circuitry is coupled to an RF transceiver, which may but need not be included within the wheel. The wheel may also include a brake mechanism. In one embodiment, the wheels are placed on shopping carts and are used to collect and monitor shopping cart status and location data via a wireless network. The collected data may be used for various purposes, such as locking the wheel of an exiting cart if the customer has not paid, estimating numbers of queued carts, stopping wheel skid events that occur during mechanized cart retrieval, store planning, and providing location-based messaging to customers.

Abstract: A map information processing apparatus includes a map information storage unit 111 for storing map information which is separated into multiple layers, a layer-to-be-updated-with-addition determination processing unit 118 for determining one or more layers which are to be updated with addition of an unregistered road which has been detected during travel of a vehicle, and an unregistered road adding and updating unit 117 for adding the unregistered road to the map information storage unit to update the map information with the addition being aimed at the one or more layers determined by the layer-to-be-updated-with-addition determination processing unit.

Abstract: A method for improving and extending an existing road network and generating new networks from statistically relevant amounts of probe data recorded by GPS-enabled navigation devices. New probe data is matched to the existing digital vector map, then the data merged into the existing network using a weighted mean technique. When new roads are detected, appropriate junction points are made with the existing network elements. The updated network data is simplified to improve computing speed and reduce data storage requirements.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computer system are provided for determining a convenient route. The method includes, for instance: obtaining, by a processor, a route that includes a starting point and an ending point; analyzing the route to determine whether at least one stored route is within a pre-defined acceptance zone of the route; and responsive to determining that at least one stored route is within a pre-defined acceptance zone, assigning a convenience factor of the at least one stored route relative to the route.

Abstract: A method of determining a path comprises obtaining a path in a road net, the road net comprising a plurality of nodes; calculating, with a processing device, an event displacement probability within coverage of the path, wherein the event displacement probability is used to describe a possibility of displacement of an event that could have occurred within the coverage of the path, to outside the coverage of the path to occur; and changing the path based on the event displacement probability.

Abstract: Driving directions are presented where a maneuver in the driving directions includes a road symbol and an action symbol. A road symbol identifies the road involved in the particular maneuver, and an action symbol identifies an action to be performed to execute the particular maneuver. In one example, a road symbol, an action symbol and narrative text may be presented in displayed or printed driving directions. In another example, a road symbol and an action symbol may be used to describe a maneuver presented by an on-board or mobile navigation system when the vehicle in which the navigation system is present approaches the point at which the maneuver is to be taken. The road symbol and the action symbol may be presented with, or without, narrative driving directions.

Abstract: A map display device includes a map data acquiring unit 21 for acquiring map data, an HOV lane determining unit 26 for determining whether or not HOV lane information showing that an HOV lane exists is included in link data defining roads included in the map data acquired by the map data acquiring unit, a display processing unit 28 for, when the HOV lane determining unit determines that HOV lane information is included in the link data, creating display data showing that a symbol showing an HOV lane is superimposed on a road formed by the link data including the HOV lane information, and a display unit 6 for displaying a map on the basis of the display data created by the display processing unit.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method for navigation with inertial characteristics are described. Embodiments may include a navigation component configured to generate a map display including at least a portion of a map and a position indicator representing a location of a user on the map. The position indicator may be positioned in a first position relative to the map display. The navigation component may be configured to detect that the user is turning in a direction of travel. The navigation component may also be configured to, responsive to the detection that the user is turning in the specific direction of travel, shift the position indicator within the map display in a direction opposite to the detected direction of travel. The shifting may cause additional map information to be displayed in the direction of travel. In various embodiments, the position indicator may be returned to the first position post-turn.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method executable by an electronic device for displaying a position on a map. The method comprises appreciating coordinates of position; appreciating coordinates of a map object having a curve near position; identifying a point of curve nearest to position comprising identifying a first segment of curve bounded by a first region and a second segment of curve bounded by a second region, determining that a distance from position to a point of first segment is not greater than a distance from position to a known nearest point of second region, and calculating a shortest distance from position to first segment as a shortest distance from position to either of first segment and second segment without calculating a distance from position to at least one point of second segment other than known nearest point of second region; and causing displaying, on map, of an indication of point of curve nearest to position.

Abstract: A method for detecting power consumption anomalies. The method obtains two different time power series and compares them to generate a dissimilarity matrix. A dimensionality reduction equation is applied to the dissimilarity matrix to obtain a low dimensional embedding of the power data. A probability score of each of the time series being anomalous is then calculated.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to systems, devices, protocols, and processes for retrieving, accessing, and presenting information of energy usage using a distributed storage process and distributed logical services to provide a user with real-time energy usage information and visualization.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device having an audible and visual interface for providing audible and visual instructions to a user in an event of an alarm or trouble indication in the electrical power system. The intelligent electronic device includes at least one sensor configured for measuring at least one power parameter of an electrical circuit and generating at least one analog signal indicative of the at least one power parameter; at least one analog to digital converter for receiving the at least one analog signal and converting the at least one analog signal to at least one digital signal; a processor configured for receiving the at least one digital signal and detecting at least one event occurring in the electrical circuit; and an interface configured for providing instructions associated to the at least one detected event. The instructions may be in the form of text, audio and/or video.

Abstract: A magnetism sensing element is provided to be rotatable relative to permanent magnets and outputs a magnetic force detection value, which corresponds to a perpendicular component of magnetic flux. A Hall IC calculates and outputs an output voltage, which corresponds to a relative rotational angle between the permanent magnets and the magnetism sensing element, based on the magnetic force detection value outputted by the magnetism sensing element. The Hall IC calculates the output voltage as V2=k×arcsin(V1/(VM+?))+Voffset, in which V1, V2, VM, k, ? and Voffset indicate the magnetic force detection value, the output voltage, a maximum value of the magnetic force detection value, a gain, a predetermined value and a predetermined offset value.

Abstract: Method for determining the position of a magnetic element on a gearbox selector of an automobile, generating a magnetic field ({right arrow over (V)}), the speed selector moving in two directions with respect to a longitudinal axis, a main direction and a secondary direction, the magnetic element facing a position sensor including three Hall effect cells, includes measuring three voltages (V1, V2, V3) at the respective outputs of the three Hall effect cells oriented in the same direction and positioned as follows: two cells being aligned on a transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the third cell being positioned on the longitudinal axis perpendicularly to the transverse axis, passing through the other two Hall effect cells, calculating a ratiometric ratio (P) between the first, second and third voltages defined by: P = k * ( V 3 + k 1 * V V + k 3 * V 3 ) with V=?{square root over (V12+V22)} and k, k1, and k3 being constants, deducing the position of

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic sensor device capable of performing signal processing at high speed with high accuracy. The magnetic sensor device includes: a plurality of Hall elements; a plurality of differential amplifiers to which the plurality of Hall elements are connected, respectively; a detection voltage setting circuit for outputting a reference voltage; and a comparator including: a plurality of differential input pairs connected to the plurality of differential amplifiers, respectively; and a differential input pair connected to the detection voltage setting circuit.

Abstract: A position sensor, preferably an angle sensor for detecting the rotational angle of a shaft. The position sensor has a lead frame on which the electronic components of the position sensor are arranged and to which they are electrically connected A plastic encapsulation enclosing at least the electronic components, thereby forming a sensor module with the lead frame, and a plurality of electrical connections of the sensor module which are formed by the lead frame and a carrier module accommodating the sensor module. The carrier module has electrical connections connected to the electrical connections of the sensor module in an electrically conducting manner. The carrier module has at least two domes between which the sensor module is arranged. The respective free ends of the domes are deformed in such manner that the sensor module is clamped fixed in its position.

Abstract: Incremental angular capacitive displacement transducer has movable and fixed dielectric plates, sections of electrode, sections of two electrodes located on side of movable dielectric plate facing fixed dielectric plate, and signal conversion unit.

Abstract: An absolute encoder includes a scale having marks, a detector for detecting light modulated by some of the marks, and a processor. The marks include a first mark and at least two types of second marks. The first marks and the second marks are alternately arrayed. The processor specifies a signal range of a plurality of periods of output signals based on extrema of the output signals, obtains a data seq constituted by a plurality of quantized data based on based on a plurality of extrema, corresponding to the second marks, of the output signals within the signal range, obtains a phase based on periodic signals of the output signals within the signal range, and outputs data representing the absolute position based on the data sequence and the phase.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a wet-label device. The wet-label device includes a moisture introduction portion formed in a case of the electronic device, at least one label portions provided in a position adjacent to the moisture introduction portion, and at least one rib portions provided in a position adjacent to the at least one label portions, in which the at least one rib portions guide or block introduction of the moisture to the at least one label portions according to wetness or submersion of the electronic device.

Abstract: A position detecting device that includes a recording medium provided with a first recording track in which a non-repetitive signal composed of binary information is recorded and a second recording track in which a signal for specifying a reading section within a section of information of 1 unit for the non-repetitive signal and information reading means that includes a first detection head and a second detection head and for reading each 1 unit information of the non-repetitive signal from the first recording track by using the first detection head in the reading section within a section of information of 1 unit for the non-repetitive signal specified based upon the signal recorded in the second recording track by the second detection head.

Abstract: A wireless pressure sensor comprising a protective covering positionable over the sensor's antenna portion is described. The protective covering comprises a body having an annular sidewall that extends from a proximal end to a distal end and is composed of a fluoroelastomer material. A cavity resides within the body extending through the proximal end to a distal end sidewall positioned perpendicular to the annular sidewall. The protective covering further comprises at least one annular recess intermediate at least two annular ridges that reside along an interior surface at the proximal end of the covering. These series of annular ridges and recesses form a removably tight seal around the exterior surface of the sensor that minimizes the migration of corrosive gases and fluids to the exterior surface of the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of monitoring the position of a vehicle, vessel, rail car, barge, tanker truck that is loaded with bulk or hazardous material. A G.P.S unit is set to send a signal to a radio transmitter if the unit moves beyond a maximum permissible distance (for example, 50 feet or more). An oxygen sensor can be used to send a signal to a radio transmitter if oxygen levels fall below a selected minimum concentration. The radio transmitter can send the message to a tugboat crew, police department, fire department, company headquarters, civil defense office or other personnel if either of the unit has moved beyond the selected maximum travel distance or if oxygen levels fall below a minimum concentration. In addition to the radio transmission of oxygen concentration data and/or G.P.S position data, visible or audible alarms can be used such as strobe light, horn or the like.

Abstract: A thin plate member which has a groove portion recessed toward the inside in a radial direction with a gap interposed between the thin plate member and the outer surface of a site on the front end side of a main body section. At least one end of the thin plate member is joined to the outer surface of the main body section and is provided radially outside the site on the front end side of the main body section. A seal member is disposed in the groove portion and has elasticity due to resin. Since the gap functions as a heat-insulating layer and is interposed between the seal member and the main body section, heat conduction from the main body section, that is, heat conduction through a first pathway is reduced, and thus deterioration of the seal member due to heat is suppressed.

Abstract: A fan of a computing system is associated with a performance characteristic. It may be determined whether a component associated with the computing system is installed based on the performance characteristic.

Abstract: A flow meter includes a magnet actuated switch, and an impeller configured to be insertable into a standard NPT ¼? pipe fitting. Rotation of the impeller in response to a fluid flow actuates the magnet actuated switch with a frequency that is proportional to a flow rate of the fluid flow. The impeller has a cylindrical shaft and a plurality of extensions that extend from the cylindrical shaft that form a spiral shaped cross section. Each extension has an inner curved surface and an outer curved surface, and the inner curved surface is concave shaped to catch the flow of the fluid, and the outer curved surface is convex shaped to provide reduced counter resistance to the rotation of the impeller. A pipe section assembly includes a pipe section including a standard NPT ¼? pipe fitting and the flow meter vertically inserted into the pipe fitting.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for a vortex flowmeter having a flowtube, a bluff body in the flowtube, and a sensor that detects vortices. The sensor assembly extends into contact with the process fluid through a process penetration opening. A sensor body seals the process penetration opening to limit flow of process fluid out of the flowmeter through the process penetration opening. A vortex sensor housing is secured to the sensor body. The vortex sensor housing has a pair of pressure-responsive diaphragms facing outwardly from opposite sides of the vortex sensor housing. A vortex sensor is positioned to detect motion of at least one of the pressure-responsive diaphragms to detect vortices formed in the process fluid. A temperature sensor senses a temperature of the process fluid.

Abstract: A filter simulation system that includes a simulation filter (11) with a sensor (13) such that the volume of air passing through the filter can be determined. There is also a control means (16) with stored data relating to level of protection the simulation filter provides against a simulated toxic substance. In this way the filter simulation system can determine whether a correct simulation filter has been selected by a user and whether or not that filter has expired, in which case a dead or incapacitated result can be indicated. In the event of expiry a simulation end of life service indicator (ELSI 22) may be activated.