Abstract: Formulations, methods, and products for preventing or decreasing insolubilization of chitosan-containing compositions are provided. By employing embodiments discussed herein, the ability of a chitosan-containing composition to properly solubilize at a desired time may be preserved.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a method of extracting useful ingredients: ceramide and/or pectin from whole apples and/or apple juice residues. In this context, the invention also provides a method of regenerating and recycling spent ethanol. These objects are achievable by a method of extracting useful ingredients: ceramide and pectin from whole apples and/or apple juice residues and a method of recovering and regenerating, or recycling the ethanol used for extraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of heparin derivatives having an average molecular weight of from about 4.6 to about 6.9 kDa and an anti-factor Xa activity of less than about 10 IU/mg, comprising the steps of oxidation of unfractionated heparin, depolymerisation and reduction of resulting terminal groups.

Abstract: A reactive surfactant composition comprising one or more kinds of reactive surfactants is disclosed that may be used as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, a dispersant for suspension polymerization, a nonaqueous dispersant, or a resin modifier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a concentrated aqueous polymer dispersion with an average particle size of less than 1000 nm comprising g) a polymer carrier prepared by heterophase radical polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of h) a non-polar photoinitiator and/or photolatent catalyst and i) optionally a non-ionic, cationic or anionic surfactant, wherein the weight ratio of the non-polar photoinitiator and/or photolatent catalyst to the polymer carrier is greater than 20 parts of photoinitiator and/or photolatent catalyst per 100 parts of polymer carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for separation of a polymer from a polymer solution or dispersion, wherein (i) a solution or dispersion of a polymer in an organic solvent is atomized by being brought into contact with water vapour in an atomizer container; (ii) the mixture obtained in the atomizer container is routed into a polymer degasification container and flows through same, wherein the organic solvent present in the polymer particles is driven at least partially out of the polymer particles due to the thermal contact between the polymer particles and the water vapour and transitions into the gas phase (iii) the mixture exiting from the polymer degasification container is routed into a phase separator (1) and the organic solvent present in the gas phase is separated from the polymer particles and the condensed water vapour; and (iv) the polymer particles and the condensed water vapour are routed into a phase separator (2) in order to separate the polymer particles from the condensed water vapou

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention provide a polymerizable oligomer and a photoresist composition including the polymerizable oligomer, wherein the polymerizable oligomer contains a polymerizable double bond and a hydrophilic group.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a pre-polymerized catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins, characterized by a non-stereospecific solid catalyst component comprising Ti, Mg and a halogen and an amount of a (co)polymer of an alpha-olefin CH2?CHR1, where R is a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group ranging from 0.1 to 500 g per g of said solid catalyst component. In some embodiments, the (co)polymer is characterized by an isotacticity, expressed in terms isotactic pentads, of higher than 60 molar % and an intrinsic viscosity, measured in tetraline at 135° C., of at least 1.0 dL/g.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyolefin powder including a homopolymer of ethylene or a copolymer of ethylene and an ?-olefin having 3 to 15 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of polypropylene in a polymerization process, said comprises a pre-polymerization reactor and at least one polymerization reactor, wherein said process leads to polypropylene with broad molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes using staged hydrogen addition in propylene polymerization. Using this process, broad/bi-modal MWD iPP with excellent stiffness properties and melt flow rates were produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a long-chain branched elastic terpolymer capable of satisfying excellent processability and elasticity (flexibility) at the same time, which is obtained in the presence of a Group IV transition metal catalyst, and a preparation method thereof. The elastic terpolymer is a copolymer of ethylene, an alpha-olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a diene, wherein (i) its weight average molecular weight measured by GPC is 100,000 to 500,000, and (ii) x which is an ethylene content (% by weight) and y which is a crystallization temperature (K) of the copolymer measured when the ethylene content is X satisfy a relationship of 2.628x+100?y?2.628x+112.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing polymer having (a) a repeating unit derived from a fluorine-containing monomer indicated by the formula CH2?C(—X)—C(?O)—Y—Z—Rf, (b) a repeating unit derived from a cyclic-hydrocarbon-group-containing acrylate ester monomer indicated by the formula CH2?CQ11-C(?O)—O-Q12, and (c) a repeating unit derived from an aliphatic-hydrocarbon-group-containing acrylate ester monomer indicated by the formula CH2?CQ21-C(?O)—O-Q22. The fluorine-containing polymer is produced by polymerizing in the presence of one or both of (d) a silicon-containing monomer and a silicon-containing chain transfer agent.

Abstract: A (meth)acrylic polymer, a (meth)acrylic resin sheet containing same, a (meth)acrylic resin laminated article obtained by laminating a functional layer on one or both sides of a (meth)acrylic resin sheet, and a composite sheet containing said article. Said polymer contains 4.5-7.5% by mass of units of (a) an acrylate having a C1-11 hydrocarbon group and one ethylenically unsaturated bond in the molecule, 0.3-3.2% by mass of units of (b) a monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds in the molecule, and 89.3-95.2% by mass of units of (c) a (meth)acrylate other than the monomer units.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymer particles, a process for their preparation, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorine-containing oligomer comprising a copolymer of a fluoroalkyl alcohol (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula: CnF2n+1(CH2CF2)a(CF2CF2)b(CH2CH2)cOCOCR?CH2??[I] wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n is an integer of 1 to 6, a is an integer of 1 to 4; b is an integer of 0 to 3; and c is an integer of 1 to 3; and a (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula: (CH2?CRCO)mR???[II] wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m is 1, 2, or 3; and when m is 1, R? is OH group, NH2 group that is unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group derived from an alkylene glycol or polyalkylene glycol group containing an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms; when m is 2 or 3, R? is a divalent or trivalent organic group derived from a diol or triol. The copolymerization reaction is performed using a hydrocarbon-based peroxide or azo compound polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A composition for fabricating an organic film, an organic light-emitting display apparatus manufactured using the same, and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting display apparatus, the composition comprising a first compound that includes n substituents Y, and m polymerizable groups P1, wherein n is selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; m is selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; OP1 of the first compound is equal to or greater than 2.8 and equal to or less than 4.8; OP1 being (total number of atoms of the first compound)/{(number of carbon atoms of the first compound)?(number of oxygen atoms of the first compound)}; and RP1 of the first compound is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or less than 0.46; RP1 being {(number of carbon atoms of the substituent Y) X n}/(number of carbon atoms of the first compound).

Abstract: There are provided a compound containing a phenolic hydroxyl group, which exhibits excellent heat resistance and excellent flame retardancy in terms of a cured product thereof, a phenolic resin including the same, a curable composition and a cured product thereof, a semiconductor sealing material, and a printed circuit board. The compound containing a phenolic hydroxyl group has a molecular structure represented by the following General Formula (I): wherein X is a structural site represented by the following Structural Formula (x1) or (x2); in Formula (x1) or (x2), k is an integer of 1 to 3, m is 1 or 2, Ar is a structural site represented by the following Structural Formula (Ar1), and in a case where when k or m is 2 or greater, a plurality of Ar's may be the same as or different from each other; wherein p is 1 or 2.

Abstract: There are provided a compound containing a phenolic hydroxyl group, which exhibits excellent heat resistance and excellent flame retardancy in terms of a cured product thereof, a phenolic resin including the same, a curable composition and a cured product thereof, a semiconductor sealing material, and a printed circuit board. The phenolic resin contains a binuclear compound (X) represented by the following Structural Formula (I), and a trinuclear compound (Y) represented by the following Structural Formula (II) as essential components: wherein each of j and k is 1 or 2, and at least one of j and k is 2; wherein each of l, m and n is 1 or 2, and at least one of l, m, and n is 2.

Abstract: Disclosed are hydrophobic inorganic particles obtained by surface-modifying inorganic particles with an organic compound, in which with respect to the hydrophobic inorganic particles subjected to a washing step, a weight reduction rate is calculated under measurement conditions described below, and the number of molecules of the organic compound per 1 nm2 of inorganic particles before a surface treatment, which is calculated by a calculation expression described below, is 1.7 to 20. (Calculation Expression) If the number of molecules of the organic compound per 1 nm2 of inorganic particles is N, a weight reduction rate (%) is R, a specific surface area of inorganic particles is S (m2/g), and a molecular weight of organic compound is W (g), N=(6.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cationically hydrophilized polyurethaneurea characterized in that it is synthesized from a) at least one aliphatic, araliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate, b) polyols having a number-average molecular weight Mn?400 and ?6000 g/mol and a hydroxyl functionality of ?1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel, rapid initiating mechanism for anionic, ring-opening polymerization of lactones by means of latent initiators based on N-heterocyclic carbene compounds which can be thermally activated, such as, in particular, N-heterocyclic carbene-CO2, carbene-CS2 and carbene-metal compounds (NHC). Molecular weights of 2000 to more than 20 000 g/mol and narrow polydispersities can thus be realized using the novel initiating mechanism for the polymerization of ?-caprolactone. The polymerizations may be carried out either without solvent or in solution. Compounds of this type are thermally latent and initiate a polymerization to give polylactones on heating, sometimes in high yields up to a level of quantitative conversion, while a reaction does not occur at room temperature. The polydispersity and molecular weight of the polylactone can be adjusted by selection of the initiator and the reaction conditions.

Abstract: A methoxypolyethylene glycol-polylactic acid block copolymer is disclosed, the methoxypolyethylene glycol-polylactic acid block copolymer being a block copolymer formed by ring opening polymerization of D,L-lactide and methoxypolyethylene glycol. A mass ratio of the methoxypolyethylene glycol to the D,L-lactide is 1:0.55-0.65 or 1:0.73-0.89 or 1:0.91-0.99. A preparation method of the foregoing block copolymer is also provided. When the block copolymer is used as a carrier for preparing a drug micelle, the encapsulation efficiency of the drug micelle prepared after being re-dissolved by water can be greater than 90% at 12 hours.

Abstract: In one aspect, block copolymers are described herein. A block copolymer described herein, in some embodiments, comprises a first block comprising a polymer or oligomer formed from the reaction product of (i) a polycarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid equivalent, (ii) a polyol, and (iii) an amino acid; and a second block comprising a polymer or oligomer that differs from the polymer or oligomer of the first block. In some cases, the polycarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid equivalent comprises citric acid, a citrate, or an ester of citric acid. The polyol can comprise an ?,?-n-alkane diol, poly(ethylene glycol), or poly(propylene glycol). In some embodiments, the amino acid forms a pendant group of the polymer or oligomer of the first block and/or forms a luminescent 6-membered ring with the polycarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid equivalent. The second block of a block copolymer described herein, in some embodiments, comprises a polylactone.

Abstract: The present invention provides bimetallic complexes having increased activity in the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. Also provided are methods of using such metal complexes in the synthesis of polymers. According to one aspect, the present invention provides metal complexes comprising an activating species with co-catalytic activity tethered to a multidentate ligand that is coordinated to one or more active metal centers of the complex.

Abstract: Described are shape memory polymers and methods of making shape memory polymers and actuators from the shape memory polymers.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a curable epoxy resin composition, which is cured to provide a cured product having a high glass-transition temperature and particularly having excellent balance between heat resistance and transparency. The present invention relates to a curable epoxy resin composition comprising an alicyclic epoxy compound (A) represented by the following formula (1) and a curing agent (B). The curable epoxy resin composition further preferably comprises a curing accelerator (C). wherein R1 to R22, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprising a linear ultraviolet radiation absorbing polyether that comprises a chemically bound UV-chromophore.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of semi-crystalline semi-aromatic polyamide by direct solid-state polymerization of a diamine-dicarboxylic acid salt, comprising steps of (a) providing at least two salts of terephthalic acid and diamine, wherein each of these diamine/terephthalic acid salts is in solid state and has a melting temperature of at least Tx, wherein Tx is at least 260° C.; (b) preparing a mixture of the diamine/terephthalic acid salts, while retaining the salts in solid state; and (c) heating the mixture obtained from step (b) in the solid state to a temperature (T-c) in the range from 200° C. to 260° C., under a pressure below the saturation vapour pressure of water at said temperature, thereby condensing and polymerizing the salts and forming a semi-crystalline semi-aromatic polyamide in solid form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aliphatic or semiaromatic polyamide oligomer, in which an aqueous composition of the monomers is subjected to an oligomerization at elevated temperature and elevated pressure and the oligomerization output is preferably subjected to an expansion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aliphatic or semiaromatic polyamide, in which a polyamide prepolymer is subjected to a solid state polymerization.

Abstract: There is disclosed certain hyperbranched polyester amides with end groups selected from: esters or amides of betaine-type end groups useful in various end uses such as a flocculent.

Abstract: A new class of poly(beta-amino alcohols) (PBAAs) has been prepared using combinatorial polymerization. The inventive PBAAs may be used in biotechnology and biomedical applications as coatings (such as coatings of films or multilayer films for medical devices or implants), additives, materials, excipients, non-biofouling agents, micropatterning agents, and cellular encapsulation agents. When used as surface coatings, these PBAAs elicited different levels of inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo, depending on their chemical structures. The large chemical diversity of this class of materials allowed us to identify polymer coatings that inhibit macrophage activation in vitro. Furthermore, these coatings reduce the recruitment of inflammatory cells, and reduce fibrosis, following the subcutaneous implantation of carboxylated polystyrene microparticles. These polymers may be used to form polyelectrolyte complex capsules for cell encapsulation.

Abstract: A copolymer of DCPD-containing benzoxazine (DCPDBz) and cyanate ester resin forms a low-dielectric thermosetting polymeric material for making electronic components. A method of manufacturing the copolymer is also introduced. The method includes allowing DCPD-phenol oligomer, aniline, and paraformaldehyde to react at 110° C. for 6-12 hours before being extracted and baked to obtain DCPDBz; and mixing cyanate ester and the DCPDBz at 150° C.; heating the mixture up to 220° C.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor consisting of a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (1): and a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (2): in which A is a tetravalent group of a tetracarboxylic acid, from which carboxyl groups have been removed; B is a divalent group of a diamine, from which amino groups have been removed; with the proviso that the A group and the B group contained in each repeating unit may be the same as, or different from each other; and X1 and X2 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, the amount of the repeating unit represented by the chemical formula (2) is 30 mol % or more and 90 mol % or less relative to the total repeating units, 50 mol % or more of the total amount of the B group in the chemical formula (1) and the chemical formula (2) is p-phenylene group and/or a specific divalent group containing two or more benzene rings, the polyimide pr

Abstract: Provided are: an oligomer of polyimide copolymer which is an intermediate of a polyimide copolymer having excellent utility and satisfying solvent solubility, storage stability and heat resistance at high levels; a polyimide copolymer obtained therefrom; and their production methods. The oligomer of polyimide copolymer and the polyimide copolymer are obtained by copolymerizing (A) 3,3?,4,4?-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and/or 3,3?,4,4?-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride with (B) at least one diamine and/or diisocyanate represented by the following Formulae (1) to (3): (wherein, X represents an amino group or an isocyanate group; R1 to R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and at least one of the R1 to R8 is not a hydrogen atom).

Abstract: A polyimide resin contains repeating structural units represented by formulas (1) and (2), wherein the content of the repeating structural unit represented by formula (2) relative to the total of the repeating structural unit represented by formula (1) and the repeating structural unit represented by formula (2) falls within a specific range and the content of the divalent group represented by the following structural formula (B1) falls within a specific range: X1 represents a tetravalent group containing an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure and having a carbon number of from 4 to 22. X2 represents a tetravalent group containing an aromatic ring and having a carbon number of from 6 to 22.

Abstract: A semi-crystalline biaxially oriented film comprising a copolyester which comprises repeating units derived from an aliphatic glycol, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and the monomer of formula (I): (I) wherein n=2, 3 or 4, Z is C?0, and wherein comonomer (I) constitutes a proportion of the glycol fraction of the copolyester and is present in an amount of at least about 4 mol % of the glycol fraction of the copolyester.

Abstract: A flame retardant filler includes a bridged polysilsesquioxane prepared by sol-gel polymerization. In an exemplary synthetic method, a bridged polysilsesquioxane-based flame retardant filler is prepared by sol-gel polymerization of a monomer having two or more trialkoxysilyl groups attached to an organic bridging group that contains a fire retardant group (e.g., a halogen atom, a phosphinate, a phosphonate, a phosphate ester, and combinations thereof). Bridged polysilsesquioxane particles formed by sol-gel polymerization of (((2,5-dibromo-1,4-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(trimethoxysilane), for example, and follow-on sol-gel processing may serve both as a filler for rheology control (viscosity, flow, etc.) and a flame retardant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced composite (FR-C), an automotive article comprising the fiber-reinforced composite (FR-C) as well as the use of the fiber-reinforced composite (FR-C) for automotive articles and a process for the preparation of the fiber-reinforced composite (FR-C).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a hot-melt adhesive for adhesive bonding of at least a first packaging and a second packaging, the hot-melt adhesive comprising: (a) 7-48 parts per weight of a polymer component, the polymer component comprising a styrene block copolymer; (b) 15-52 parts per weight of a tackifying component, wherein the tackifying component comprises thermoplastic adhesive resin, aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, the respective hydrocarbon optionally being modified and/or hydrogenated, terpenes, the terpenes optionally being modified or hydrogenated, rosins, the rosins optionally being modified or hydrogenated, or mixtures thereof; (c) 5-25 parts per weight of a plasticizer component, wherein the plasticizer component comprises paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils, polybuten, polybutadien, dibasic esters, polyols or mixtures thereof; and d) 0.02-1.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a stretched film comprising stretching an unstretched film that is formed using a hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene ring-opening polymer at a temperature of 95 to 135° C. and a stretching ratio of 1.2 to 10, followed by heating at a temperature of 150 to 220° C. Since the thus-obtained stretched film has excellent transparency and low coefficient of linear expansion, the stretched film is suitable for not only use in optical applications but also use for electronic materials.

Abstract: A method for making a composite product can include combining a plurality of lignocellulose substrates and a binder to produce a resinated furnish. The binder can be or include a polyphenolic compound, a free radical precursor, and an unsaturated compound having two or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. At least one of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds is a pi-bond that is not conjugated with an aromatic moiety and is capable of free radical addition. The method can also include pressing the resinated furnish between at least two surfaces in a press, where at least one of the at least two surfaces can be a porous surface, and at least partially curing the binder in the resinated furnish to produce a composite product.

Abstract: The present invention is the use of a compound comprising two or more covalently bonded polymerisable vinyl groups and one or more covalently bonded ionic groups selected from a quaternary ammonium group; a quaternary phosphonium group; or a tertiary sulphonium group, as an ionic cross-linker. The cross-linkers of the invention may be used to form an ionomer membrane. Methods for forming the cross-linkers of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition comprising: a) 5 to 65 wt % of curable compound comprising one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one anionic group; b) 2.5 to 70 wt % of crosslinking agent comprising at least two acrylic groups; c) a tertiary amine; and d) 0 to 45 wt % of inert solvent; wherein the molar ratio of component c) to a) is at least 0.7. Also described are a process for making composite membranes and the resultant membranes.

Abstract: Polycarbonate elements are coated with an ultrathin alumina coating. These elements are highly resistant to yellowing when exposed to electromagnetic radiation of about 25 to 700 nm in wavelength. Accordingly, the coated polycarbonate elements are useful component of a wide variety of devices, such as aircraft, vehicles, optical devices and LED devices.

Abstract: Technologies are described for methods and systems effective for etching nanostructures in a substrate. The methods may comprise depositing a patterned block copolymer on the substrate. The methods may comprise applying a precursor to the patterned block copolymer to generate an infiltrated block copolymer. The precursor may infiltrate into the first polymer block domain and generate a material. The methods may comprise applying a removal agent effective to remove the polymer block domains to the infiltrated block copolymer to generate a pattern of the material. The methods may comprise etching the substrate. The pattern of the material may mask the substrate to pattern the etching. The etching may be performed under conditions to produce nanostructures in the substrate. The methods may comprise removing the pattern of the material and coating the nanostructures and the surface of the substrate with a hydrophobic coating.

Abstract: An article based on extruded polystyrene, in the form of a slab, panel or flexible sheet to make heat insulations is made with re-granulated polystyrene from industrial working or production scrap, or from primary production plants. A plant and extruder and process for making the article.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an expanded polymeric material which consists of at least 300 phr, but less than 1000 phr ingredients in total, comprising 100 phr of at least two polymers, of which 1) at least 55 phr is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl chloride copolymer or vinyl chloride terpolymer or a mixture thereof and 2) at least 10 phr is at least one additional chlorinated organic polymer that is crosslinked by sulphur and/or metal oxides and/or thiadiazoles, the process of manufacturing such a material, and the use of such a material.