Abstract: A reaction resin mortar comprising a resin mixture is described, that contains at least one radically polymerizable compound, at least one reactive diluent and at least one inhibitor, whereby the viscosity of the resin mixture is set to a particular value, a two-component or multi-component mortar system and the use thereof for construction purposes, in particular for chemical anchoring in mineral substrates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising: ceramic refractory particulates made from alumina, one or more rare earth oxides, one or more oxides of a transition metal, the transition metal being Sc, Zn, Ga, Y, Cd, In, Sn, Tl, or a mixture of two or more thereof; an alumina and phosphate containing composition; and water. The composition is free of SiO2 or substantially free of SiO2, and is useful as a mortar or coating for molten aluminum or steel contact refractories.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an inorganic substance-laminated sheet that can be used suitably for applications that require high gas barrier properties. The inorganic substance-laminated sheet includes a sheet having a dispersed structure with a structural period of 0.001 ?m to 100 ?m on at least one surface and an inorganic substance layer covering the surface having the dispersed structure.

Abstract: A ceramic material has a characteristic length La of a micro-structure thereof that satisfies 0.1 LAMFP?La?100 LAMFP, and has thermal conductivity that monotonously increases from room temperature to 100° C., where LAMFP denotes apparent mean free path of phonons at room temperature, and is defined as LAMFP=(3×thermal conductivity)/(heat capacity×speed of sound). The characteristic length La of the micro-structure is an interval between particles of different type of material when the ceramic material includes a composite material in which the different type of material is dispersed in a base material, is an interval between one pore and another pore when the ceramic material includes a porous body, and is the crystalline particle size (interval between one grain boundary and another grain boundary) when the ceramic material includes a polycrystalline body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silicon nitride wear resistant member comprising a silicon nitride sintered compact containing ?-Si3N4 crystal grains as a main component, 2 to 4% by mass of a rare earth element in terms of oxide, 2 to 6% by mass of Al in terms of oxide, and 0.1 to 5% by mass of Hf in terms of oxide, wherein the silicon nitride sintered compact has rare earth-Hf—O compound crystals; in an arbitrary section, an area ratio of the rare earth-Hf—O compound crystals in a grain boundary phase per unit area of 30 ?m×30 ?m is 5 to 50%; and variation of the area ratios of the rare earth-Hf—O compound crystals between the unit areas is 10% or less. Due to above structure, there can be provided a wear resistant member comprising the silicon nitride sintered compact having an excellent wear resistance and processability.

Abstract: The Invention relates to a method for preparing a multichannel hollow fiber membrane. According to a certain ratio, ceramic powder, a macromolecular polymer, an organic solvent, and a dispersant are mixed evenly to prepare a membrane casting solution; and after bubble removing processing is performed on the membrane casting solution, a membrane green body is formed with the cooperation of a multichannel hollow fiber die and phase inversion. After the membrane green body is roasted at a high temperature, a multichannel ceramic hollow fiber membrane is formed. The multichannel ceramic hollow fiber membrane has an asymmetric structure and a skeleton structure in an inner cavity and can meet the strength and flux requirements of a ceramic hollow fiber membrane.

Abstract: A raw setter has a plate shape, is made of the same material as in a honeycomb formed body, and has a chamfered portion in which a circumferential portion of one end face is chamfered in an oblique direction and whose has a tapered cross-sectional shape by reducing a diameter of an end face portion to an outer diameter, a ratio of an area of a flat portion to an end face area is from 10 to 85%, an angle formed between the flat portion and the chambered portion is from 3 to 50°, a flatness of each of the flat portion of the one end face and a flat portion of the other end face is 0.3 mm or less, and a thickness of cell partition walls is 0.1 mm or less.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component and an interface coating on the CMC component, wherein the interface coating includes a layer of at least one of the following compositions: 100 wt % Ir; 90-95 wt % Ir, 5-10 wt % Co, 1-2 wt % Al, 1-2 wt % Si; 40-50 wt % Nb, 28-42 wt % Al, 4-15 wt % Cr, 1-2 wt % Si; 90-92 wt % Mo, 4-5 wt % Si, 4-5 wt % B; or 60-80 wt % V, 20-30 wt % Cr, 2-15 wt % Ti.

Abstract: This invention is directed to systems, devices and methods for treating organic-containing sludges and converting such sludges to high value fertilizers containing both inorganic and organic fertilizer components, which creates an inorganically-augmented bioorganic fertilizer. The invention describes methods to create a thixotropic or paste-like material via the application of mixing energy to the organic sludge followed by an alkaline treatment and a subsequent ammoniation. The invention further describes a method to increase the plant nutrient content in the organic containing product to a level which permits the finished granular fertilizer product to compete in the commercial agricultural fertilizer marketplace. Further, the invention reduces odors associated with said organic-containing sludges.

Abstract: Plastic human waste is a growing threat to today's environment. A simple and viable method of reducing the mass of waste in landfills is using microbial organisms to decompose plastics that would otherwise add to the accumulation of garbage. Presented here is the discovery of three microorganisms having the ability to degrade polyurethane plastics. Methods for composting polyurethane using these microorganism can help reduce amounts of human trash.

Abstract: A system and method of recycling organic waste into biogas, implementing an anaerobic digestion processes, is disclosed. The system includes structural scaffolding and a pliable collapsible anaerobic digester. The aerobic digester includes at least one suspension tab, rendering the anaerobic digester suspendable from the structural scaffolding. A respective kit-of-parts is disclosed for assembling the aforementioned system.

Abstract: A pesticide, fungicidal, bactericidal, anti-pathogen or biocidal composition includes at least one biologically inert carrier; and at least one ferrite or at least one doped component including at least one fixed copper compound doped with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of iron compounds, zinc compounds, magnesium compounds, calcium compounds, and combinations and/or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the doped component has a particle size of about 0.5 nm to about 30 microns. A method for the control of pests includes the step of applying to the pests or their growth habitat the aforementioned composition. The method also includes the control of disease in citrus plants caused by vectors such as Psyllid nymphs, by applying the aforementioned composition to their growth habitat in citrus groves.

Abstract: A pesticide composition includes at least one biologically inert carrier; and at least one ferrite or at least one doped component including at least one fixed copper compound doped with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of iron compounds, zinc compounds, magnesium compounds, calcium compounds, and combinations and/or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the doped component has a particle size of about 0.5 nm to about 30 microns. A method for the control of pests includes the step of applying to the pests or their growth habitat the aforementioned composition. The method also includes the control of fungal and other diseases in banana plants, by applying the aforementioned composition to their growth habitat in banana plant groves.

Abstract: A pesticide composition includes at least one biologically inert carrier; and at least one ferrite or at least one doped component including at least one fixed copper compound doped with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of iron compounds, zinc compounds, magnesium compounds, calcium compounds, and combinations and/or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the doped component has a particle size of about 0.5 nm to about 30 microns. A method for the control of pests includes the step of applying to the pests or their growth habitat the aforementioned composition. The method also includes the control of fungal and other diseases in banana plants, by applying the aforementioned composition to their growth habitat in banana plant groves.

Abstract: A method for phlegmatising an explosive in an aqueous suspension including a dispersed phlegmatising agent. The phlegmatising agent is deposited on a surface of the explosive at low temperature utilizing opposite electric charges of the phlegmatising agent and the explosive. Also a device and a phlegmatised explosive.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for the electrochemical selective radiofluorination of aromatic molecules. The resulting fluorine-18 labeled compounds are ideal radionuclides for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET); they are also difficult to radiolabel efficiently and with high specific activity using existing approaches. For example, radiopharmaceuticals such as [F18]L-DOPA, which is indispensable in PET brain disease imaging, may be made electrochemically with high radiochemical yield and high specific activity using 18F-. The invention process described herein opens new possibilities and provides wider access to PET tracers such as 18F-L-Dopa, since 18F- is much more widely available than the 18F2, currently used for synthesis of electron rich substrates.

Abstract: Subject-matter of the invention is a process for producing fatty alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), in which the FAME initially is hydrogenated to fatty alcohol (FA). The fractions of non-converted FAME remaining in the hydrogenation product are converted to wax ester and methanol in a succeeding transesterification step with FA. According to the invention, catalysts on the basis of magnesium oxide or hydrotalcite are used. After separating the methanol and the FA as target product, a stream enriched in wax ester is recirculated to the hydrogenation reactor.

Abstract: A composition to be converted to a lubricant is provided. The composition comprises a mixture of at least three different long chain secondary alcohols having the following chemical structure: where R1? and R2? are independently selected from C5-C21 linear or branched alkyls.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of making phenolic compounds and phenolic resins. The resins include multifunctional epoxies, amino glycidyl derivatives, alkanoate derivatives, alkyl ether derivatives, and multi-functional amines prepared from hydroxymethyl derivatives of novolac resin.

Abstract: Processes for producing long chain ethers by reacting a long chain secondary alcohol, a long chain alkoxide, or a combination thereof with at least one epoxide. The long chain ether may comprise a long chain ether alcohol, a long chain ether alcoholate, or a combination thereof. The long chain ether alcoholate may be either protonated to provide the long chain ether alcohol or reacted with an alkyl halide to provide a long chain capped ether. Long chain ether compositions are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: To provide a novel fluorinated aromatic compound having at least two carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds, a method for its production, a curable material comprising the fluorinated aromatic compound, a cured product thereof, and an optical member. The fluorinated aromatic compound is represented by formula (A), wherein n is an integer of 0 to 6, a is an integer of 0 to 5, b is an integer of 0 to 4, c is an integer of 0 to 4, a+c+n is 2 to 6, a+b is 2 to 9, Z is a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(CH3)2—, —C(CF3)2—, —SO—, or —SO2—, Rf1 is a C1-8 fluoroalkyl group, Y1 and Y2 are each independently a group represented by formula (1) (s is 0 or 1, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom), and F in the aromatic ring indicates that hydrogen atoms in the aromatic ring are all substituted by fluorine atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a heterogeneous catalyst system and methods of using the same to convert CO2-derived compounds to formate, formic acid, or a mixture thereof. The disclosed heterogeneous catalyst systems exhibit superior reactivity and stability in comparison to homogeneous catalyst systems and also can convert a variety of CO2-derived compounds to formate, formic acid, or mixtures thereof, in high yields using economical and environmentally friendly reaction conditions.

Abstract: Processes for producing acetic acid wherein at least one process vent stream is treated in an absorber column that utilizes a scrubber solvent, e.g., acetic acid, methanol, and/or methyl acetate to remove hydrogen iodide therefrom.

Abstract: A process for producing high purity acetic acid from a carbonylation reaction, wherein the carbonylation reaction is carried out while maintaining a low ethyl iodide content in the reaction medium. The ethyl iodide concentration may be maintained by removing acetaldehyde from the reaction medium and/or by adjusting at least one A) hydrogen partial pressure in the reactor, B) methyl acetate concentration of the reaction medium; and/or C) methyl iodide concentration of the reaction medium.

Abstract: A process for producing an acetic acid product having low butyl acetate content via a carbonylation reaction. The carbonylation reaction is carried out at a temperature from 100 to 300° C., a hydrogen partial pressure from 0.3 to 2 atm, and a rhodium catalyst concentration from 100 to 3000 wppm, based on the weight of the reaction medium. The butyl acetate concentration in the acetic acid product may be controlled by removing acetaldehyde from a stream derived from the reaction medium and/or by adjusting at least one of reaction temperature, hydrogen partial pressure, and metal catalyst concentration.

Abstract: A process for producing acetic acid is disclosed, in which the methyl iodide concentration is maintained in the vapor product stream formed in a flashing step. The process includes introducing a lithium compound into the reactor and maintaining a concentration of lithium acetate in the reaction medium is in an amount from 0.3 to 0.7 wt. %. The reaction medium is fed forward to the flashing step. The methyl iodide concentration in the vapor product stream ranges from 24 to less than 36 wt. %, based on the weight of the vapor product stream. The vapor product stream is distilled in a first column to obtain an acetic acid product stream comprising acetic acid and hydrogen iodide in an amount of less than or equal to 300 wppm and/or methyl iodide in an amount from 0.1 to 6 wt. %.

Abstract: In a process for improving a carbonylation process, iron is removed to maintain an effective Space Time Yield (STY) of the rhodium catalyst of at least 80% of the maximum STY. The process comprises carbonylating methanol in a reactor in a reaction medium comprising water, a rhodium catalyst, methyl iodide and a halide salt, separating a portion of the reaction medium in a flash vessel to form a less volatile stream and a vapor product stream comprising acetic acid, recycling a liquid stream to the reactor, wherein the liquid stream comprises a portion of the less volatile stream and wherein the liquid stream comprises iron, and removing a portion of the iron from the liquid stream to maintain an effective STY of the rhodium catalyst of at least 80% of the maximum STY.

Abstract: Benzene derivatives of the formula (I); wherein R1 and R2, are the same or different and independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, —CHO, —CH2OR3, —CH(OR4)(OR5) and —COOR6, wherein R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkylcarbonyl or arylcarbonyl, or wherein R4 and R5 together form an alkylene group and wherein R6 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aryl, are prepared in a process, which comprises: reacting a furan derivative of formula (II): wherein R1 and R2 have the meanings above, with ethylene under cycloaddition reaction conditions in the presence of an acid solvent to produce the benzene derivative, wherein the acid solvent is a carboxylic acid and is present in a weight ratio acid solvent to furan derivative from 1:1 to 250:1.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the selective hydrogenation of vegetable oils. In particular the invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils which is capable of selectively converting polyunsaturated fatty acids into mono-unsaturated fatty acids and products obtained therefrom. The vegetable oils obtained from the process according to the invention have in particular a high mono-unsaturated fatty acids content and are particularly suitable for use as raw materials for the synthesis of chemical intermediates.

Abstract: A process for producing acetic acid comprising the steps of carbonylating methanol in a reaction medium to form a crude acetic acid product; conveying the crude acetic acid product to a flash vessel at a flash flow rate; flashing the crude acetic acid product to form a first vapor stream comprising acetic acid and a liquid residue stream comprising metal catalyst and halide salt; separating the flashed vapor stream to form a second vapor stream comprising methyl iodide a sidedraw comprising purified acetic acid and water, and a liquid residue stream. The process further comprises the steps of condensing at least a portion of the second vapor stream to form at least one liquid phase and refluxing to the light ends column at least a portion of the at least one liquid phase at a reflux rate. The reflux rate is adjusted based on changes in the flash flow rate.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyol esters by reacting polyols with linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, is characterized in that a mixture of the starting compounds is allowed to react in the presence of a Lewis acid containing at least one element of groups 4 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements as a catalyst and in the presence of an adsorbent with removal of the water formed, and then the crude ester obtained is aftertreated by adding a further adsorbent which is an acidic activated carbon having a pH of 1 to 6.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic esters by means of alcoholysis of the corresponding alpha-hydroxycarboxamide under heterogeneous catalysis.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (III), compounds of formula (V), and corresponding salts of formula (IV). The compounds made by the methods and processes of the invention are particularly useful for administration in humans and animals.

Abstract: Glucose deprivation is an attractive strategy in cancer research and treatment. Cancer cells upregulate glucose uptake and metabolism for maintaining accelerated growth and proliferation rates. Specifically blocking these processes is likely to provide new insights to the role of glucose transport and metabolism in tumorigenesis, as well as in apoptosis. As solid tumors outgrow the surrounding vasculature, they encounter microenvironments with a limited supply of nutrients leading to a glucose deprived environment in some regions of the tumor. Cancer cells living in the glucose deprived environment undergo changes to prevent glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis. Knowing how cancer cells evade apoptosis induction is also likely to yield valuable information and knowledge of how to overcome the resistance to apoptosis induction in cancer cells.

Abstract: Provided are a radial porous diacetylene particle, which is synthesized by ion-bonding a diacetylene-containing dicarboxylic acid or diamine monomer represented by Formula 1 above with a diamine or dicarboxylic acid monomer represented by Formula 2 above, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transition-metal-free process for the synthesis of tertiary arylamines comprises coupling reaction between arynes and N,N-dimethyl aniline compounds in presence of 18-crown-6, KF and THF.

Abstract: Compounds that are central nervous system drug candidates for the treatment of cognitive decline and, more particularly, Alzheimer's disease are provided. Methods of treating, inhibiting, and/or abatement of cognitive decline and/or Alzheimer's disease with a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the invention are also provided. Also provided are methods of preparing the compounds/compositions of the invention.

Abstract: New compound 4-[ethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]butanoate, method of preparation thereof and use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel (200) is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of ?-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), ?-sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). It comprises:—at least one compartment (C1, C2, C3, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (206a, 206b, . . . 206i) separating said compartment into two communicating parts (C1a, C1b) by a passage provided between the bottom of said vessel and said inner wall,—said compartment having a space above said inner wall, for separating gas phase from liquid phase during thermal conversion,—said compartment being connected to an outlet valve (204a, 204b, . . . 204i). Such vessel allows obtaining a high yield thermal conversion in very safe conditions.

Abstract: Methods for forming a compound from a plant oil compound having a carboxylic acid group attached to an organic group are provided. The method can include performing an aminolysis reaction between the plant oil compound and a hydroxyl-containing amine compound to form a functionalized plant oil compound having an amide bond; and functionalizing the hydroxyl group to have a polyerizable vinyl group or a norbornene group to form a polyerizable plant oil compound having the amide bond and an ester bond.

Abstract: A series of novel amides showing broad pharmaceutical activity. Compounds described herein are effective as anticonvulsants, chemical countermeasures, and analgesics. Such compounds also show, neuroprotective/neuroreparative effects and activity against spinal muscular atrophy. Such pharmaceutically active compounds show utility in the treatment of central nervous system (“CNS”) diseases and disorders, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, migraine headaches, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, ALS, and Huntington's disease) spasticity, and bipolar disorder. Furthermore, such compounds may additionally find utility as analgesics (e.g., for the treatment of chronic or neuropathic pain) and as neuroprotective agents useful in the treatment of stroke(s), and/or traumatic brain and/or spinal cord injuries.

Abstract: Here described are compounds of formula I: wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from C10 to C18 alkyl, C12 to C18 alkenyl, and oleoyl; R3 and R4 are independently selected from C1 to C6 alkyl and C2 to C6 alkanol; X is selected from —CH2—, —S—, and —O—, or X is absent; Y is selected from —(CH2)n, —S(CH2)n—, —O(CH2)n—, -thiophene-, —SO2(CH2)n—, and ester; n=1-4; a=1-4; b=1-4; c=1-4; and Z? is a counterion. Also described herein are compositions and pharmaceutical formulations including compounds of formula I which are useful for the delivery of therapeutic agents, and methods of using these compositions and formulations.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) inhibit HDAC activity: wherein A, B and D independently represent ?C— or ?N—; W is a divalent radical —CH?CH— or CH2CH2—; R1 is an ester group; R2 is the side chain of a natural or non-natural alpha-amino acid; z is 0 or 1; and Y, L1, and X1 are as defined in the claims.

Abstract: There are disclosed compounds of formula (I) that modulate or inhibit the enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3-di-oxygenase (IDO), pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds and methods of treating proliferative disorders, such as cancer, viral infections and/or inflammatory disorders utilizing the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: A method for purifying acrylamide alkyl sulfonic acid comprises: (1) making a material A evenly mixed and contacted with a solvent C, an amount of the material A exceeding a solubility of the material A in the solvent C under the condition where the material A is located, therefore the material A is not completely dissolved by the solvent C; (2) keeping the material A even mixed and contacted with the solvent C for at least 5 minutes; (3) performing a solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid, namely, a purified product B with impurities reduced. In the purifying method according to the invention, the material does not need to be completely dissolved, therefore less solvent is used, and the steps of dissolving the material by increasing temperature, separating out by decreasing temperature or removing the solvent are eliminated, so cost is reduced, efficiency is improved, and operations are simplified.

Abstract: The invention relates to sulfonate compounds with the following formula (I): in which: R2 represents an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an isopropyl group; when R2 is an ethyl group, R1 is an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an n-butyl group; when R2 is an n-propyl group, R1 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an n-butyl group; or when R2 is an isopropyl group, R1 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an n-butyl group. Use of these compounds as electrolyte solvent for lithium batteries.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel method for preparing cyclophanes, comprising forming a disulfide cyclophane by contacting a linker moiety which includes two or more thiol groups, with a metal salt and an oxidant. The disulfide cyclophane is then desulfurized to form a thiacyclophane comprising thioether bridges. This thiacyclophane optionally may be further desulfurized to form an unsaturated hydrocarbon cyclophane, which can then be reduced to form a saturated hydrocarbon cyclophane. The various cyclophanes can be synthesized in a ring form, such as a dimer, trimer or tetramer etc., or they can be synthesized in a tetrahedral or larger structure. Also disclosed are novel cyclophanes formed by the disclosed method.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) are disclosed herein and their use in inhibiting quorum sensing in bacteria.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and m are as described herein, as modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the ?7 subtype, their tautomeric forms, stereoisomers, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and combinations thereof with suitable other medicaments. Also disclosed are a process of preparation of the compounds and the intended uses thereof in therapy, particularly in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and senile dementia.

Abstract: Method for producing an isoindole derivative, the isoindole derivative obtainable by the methods, a methods for stabilizing an isoindole derivative, and methods for detection and/or quantification of macromolecules.