Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and a method for measuring the erosion depth of a sputtering target, the apparatus for measuring the erosion depth of a sputtering target comprises a guiding rail, a positioning component and an erosion depth measuring device, the erosion depth measuring device is provided at the guiding rail in a relatively movable manner, the positioning component is disposed at the two sides of the guiding rail so as to support the guiding rail. According to the present invention, the erosion depth data can be known timely, and the utilization ratio of the sputtering target can be improved.

Abstract: A two-DOF heterodyne grating interferometer displacement measurement system, comprising a dual-frequency laser, a grating interferometer, a measurement grating, receivers and an electronic signal processing component, wherein the grating interferometer comprises a polarizing spectroscope, a reference grating and dioptric elements. The measurement system achieves the displacement measurement on the basis of the grating diffraction, the optical Doppler effect and the optical beat frequency principle. When the grating interferometer and the measurement grating conduct two-DOF linear relative motion, the system can output two linear displacements. The measurement system can achieve sub-nanometer or even higher resolution and accuracy, and can simultaneously measure two linear displacements.

Abstract: An active imaging system, which includes a light source and light sensor, generates structured illumination. The light sensor captures transient light response data regarding reflections of light emitted by the light source. The transient light response data is wavelength-resolved. One or more processors process the transient light response data and data regarding the structured illumination to calculate a reflectance spectra map of an occluded surface. The processors also compute a 3D geometry of the occluded surface.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for measuring a piece of timber in a wood handling machine, wherein the piece is grabbed by a cutting head arranged to a set of booms in the wood handling machine, and the dimensions of the piece are measured by at least one measuring device in the wood handling machine. A measuring signal field formed by one or more measuring beams is also directed to the piece of timber with a monitoring device utilizing contact-free measurement, and a point cloud to be stored is provided by the measuring signal field it produces. The parts to be identified are identified from this point cloud, and a quantity to be measured is defined and formed of the information content of the point cloud. The obtained result is directed to a measuring system in the wood handling machine for further utilization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical displacement sensor comprising a first at least partially reflective surface and a second surface having a diffractive pattern, the surfaces being provided on elements having a variable distance between them, each surface pair defining a cavity between them. The sensor also comprising at least one light source transmitting light at least one a chosen wavelength range into said cavities and at least one light detector receiving light from the cavities, wherein said diffractive patterns are adapted to direct light toward at least one detector provided in a known position relative to said diffractive surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for automated determination of a reference point of an alignment mark on a substrate of a photolithographic mask, which method comprises the following steps: (a) performing a first line scan within a start region of the substrate in a first direction on a surface of the substrate, the alignment mark being arranged within the start region, for locating a first element of the alignment mark; (b) performing a second line scan within the start region in at least a second direction, which intersects the first direction, on the surface of the substrate for locating a second element of the alignment mark; (c) estimating the reference point of the alignment mark from the located first element and the located second element of the alignment mark; and (d) imaging a target region around the estimated reference point of the alignment mark in order to determine the reference point of the alignment mark, with the imaging being carried out at a higher resolution than the performance of the

Abstract: The present invention relates to a micromechanical photothermal analyser of microfluidic samples comprising an oblong micro-channel extending longitudinally from a support element, the micro-channel is made from at least two materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, wherein the materials are arranged relatively to each other so that heating of the micro-channel results in a bending of the micro-channel, the first material has a first thermal expansion coefficient and is made from an light-specific transparent penetrable material so that when exposed to ultraviolet, visible, or infrared light, the specific light radiates into the channel through said light transparent material, the second material has a second thermal expansion coefficient being different from the first thermal expansion coefficient.

Abstract: In a strain sensor and a method for manufacturing a strain sensor according to the present invention, a plurality of supports is provided in a base in a state of protruding. An optical fiber is wound around the supports. The optical fiber is provided in a state of having parts directing to different directions each other between the supports. Fixing materials fix the optical fiber to the supports in a state in which tension is applied to fiber parts between the supports.

Abstract: A depth image measuring camera includes an illumination device configured to irradiate an object with light, and a light-modulating optical system configured to receive the light reflected from the object. The depth image measuring camera includes an image sensor configured to generate an image of the object by receiving light incident on the image sensor that passes through the light-modulating optical system. The light-modulating optical system includes a plurality of lenses having a same optical axis, and an optical modulator configured to operate in two modes for measuring a depth of the object.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a contact probe having a contact element includes measuring with the contact probe a first geometric property of a calibrated artefact and a second geometric property of the or a further calibrated artefact. The first and second geometric properties are such that a deviation between a measured value and the expected value, resulting from a difference between an effective diameter of the contact element and an assumed diameter used for determining the measured value, has the opposite sign for each of the first and second geometric properties. The method further includes identifying a difference in the effective diameter of the contact element from the assumed diameter including comparing deviations of the measured value to the expected value for each of the first and second geometric properties to determine whether there is a difference in the deviations.

Abstract: A method, device and article of manufacture for determining properties in a high pressure die cast component. Upon receipt of geometric information that corresponds to a location of interest within the component, a ray-triangle intersection relationship is used to calculate a wall thickness of the location of interest; this relationship is simplified by being used in conjunction with an octree-based relationship. One or more calculations are performed to determine a skin thickness based on the calculated wall thickness, and the skin thickness calculations are based on at least one of a logarithmic relationship, a polynomial relationship and a power law relationship. Changes in component shape or size may be taken into consideration to adjust the remaining skin layer thickness, such as that when the as-cast component is exposed to subsequent machining or related post-casting operations.

Abstract: A detachable hazard detection device includes a protective covering configured to detachably couple to an article. A plurality of proximity sensors are coupled to the protective covering. Each of the plurality of proximity sensors is configured to gather proximity information. Electronics are embedded in the protective covering, and the electronics include a controller coupled to the plurality of proximity sensors. The controller is configured to determine a proximity of the article to an object based on the proximity information. The controller is further configured to initiate a notification based on the proximity.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and a method for analyzing graphical data of an object. The system is implemented on a computing device linked to a database. The system receives a point cloud file corresponding to the object from the database, extracts point cloud data from the point cloud file, and meshes point cloud data to generate coordinate data corresponding to vertices for a plurality of meshed triangles. The system calculates distances between each of the meshed triangles and a fitting plane and a normal vector for each meshed triangle. The system calculates an included angle between the normal vector of each meshed triangle and a normal vector of the fitting plane to determine the accuracy of the point cloud data patches, and generates a report containing an accuracy analysis of the point cloud data for the object and a point cloud statistical analysis report.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention include a surveying system having a position determination unit such as, for example, a total station or a GNSS module, for determining a target position in a defined coordinate system, and having a mobile target unit for definition and/or position determination of target points in the coordinate system. In some embodiments, the surveying system may be adapted to capture and/or receive image data that is related to a task image. In some embodiments, the surveying system may include a control unit for allowing a user to control surveying tasks of the surveying system in order to acquire surveying task data that is related to the surveying tasks and comprises spatial coordinates of at least one target point, a data storage unit for storing the surveying task data, and an electronic graphical display for displaying a visualization of the surveying task data.

Abstract: A level includes a frame having a top planar surface, a bottom planar surface, and a web coupling the top planar surface to the bottom planar surface. The top planar surface and the bottom planar surface are parallel. The level further includes a vial supported by the frame. The vial has a longitudinal axis passing through a center of the vial and a body defining an interior containing a liquid and an indicator bubble. The level further includes a plurality of LEDs. Each of the LEDs has a light emitting point, and each of the plurality of LEDs is positioned adjacent an end of the vial and is oriented such that the light emitting point is positioned within the interior of the body of the vial.

Abstract: A level including a first plate defining a top surface of the tool, and a second plate defining a bottom surface of the tool. The bottom plate extends generally parallel to the first plate. The level also includes a center plate having two opposing side surfaces extending generally perpendicular to the first plate and the second plate. The center plate connects the first plate and the second plate. The level further includes a plurality of apertures extending through the center plate, and a plurality of tubular vials disposed within the plurality of apertures. Each tubular vial contains fluid and air. The level also includes a slot extending along the first plate from a first end of the tool to a second end of the tool. The slot is configured to receive a straight edge.

Abstract: A level includes a frame supporting a plurality of vials and having an aperture disposed on an end of the level. The level also includes an end cap assembly detachably coupled to the end of the frame. The end cap assembly includes an end cap and a retainer. A portion of the end cap is received in the aperture and is maintained in engagement with the frame by the retainer.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention include a surveying system having a position determination unit for determining a target position in a defined coordinate system and having a mobile measurement unit for definition and/or position determination of measurement points in the coordinate system. In some embodiments, the surveying system may include a control unit for allowing a user to control a surveying task of the surveying system in a surveying environment in order to acquire surveying task data that comprises spatial coordinates of at least one measurement point, the surveying system being adapted to capture and/or receive environment data of the surveying environment, the control unit comprising a processor unit, a data storage unit and an electronic graphical display for displaying a visualization of the surveying task data to the user, wherein the control unit is adapted to provide a virtual walkthrough functionality in a three-dimensional representation of the surveying environment.

Abstract: There is provided an angular velocity sensor including first and second mass bodies provided within a first frame, a first flexible connector system connecting the first and second mass bodies and the first frame and that includes at least one sensor to detect displacements of the first and second mass bodies, a second flexible connector system connecting the first frame to a second frame provided separate from the first frame and that includes a driver to drive movement of the first frame relative to the second frame, so angular velocities can be measured based on the first and second mass bodies being enabled to rotate in a first axis direction and translated in a second axis direction, and based on the first frame being flexibly connected to the second frame so that a rotation displacement of the first frame is made in a third axis direction.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an inertial sensor which includes a movable body that is disposed in a cavity formed by a base body and a lid, and in which a wiring groove of wiring communicating with the cavity and electrically connected to the movable body is formed in the base body, includes forming a first opening section, which does not penetrate through the lid by wet etching; accommodating the movable body in the cavity by bonding the base body and the lid; forming a first sealing material with which the wiring groove is sealed after the accommodating of the movable body; forming a through-hole communicating with the cavity by penetrating through the first opening section by dry etching after the forming of the first sealing material; and forming a second sealing material with which the through-hole is sealed.

Abstract: A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) block is provided. The RLG block includes a first corner bordered by a first portion of a first side and a first portion of a third side; a second corner bordered by a first portion of a second side and a second portion of the third side; and a third corner bordered by a second portion of the second side and a second portion of the first side. The first portion of the first side shifts the first corner laterally in a lasing plane of the RLG block, toward the second corner, and perpendicular to a first normal of a first mirror when a temperature change contracts the RLG block; and shifts the first corner laterally away from the second corner, and perpendicular to the first normal when the temperature change causes an expansion of the ring laser gyroscope block.

Abstract: A user-heading determining system (10) for pedestrian use includes a multiple-axis accelerometer (110) having acceleration sensors; a device-heading sensor circuit (115) physically situated in a fixed relationship to the accelerometer (110); an electronic circuit (100) operable to generate signals representing components of acceleration sensed by the accelerometer (110) sensors, and to electronically process at least some part of the signals to produce an estimation of attitude of a user motion with respect to the accelerometer, and further to combine the attitude estimation (750, ?) with a device heading estimation (770, ?) responsive to the device-heading sensor circuit, to produce a user heading estimation (780); and an electronic display (190) responsive to the electronic circuit (100) to display information at least in part based on the user heading estimation. Other systems, circuits and processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vehicle autonomous traveling system and a vehicle traveling method using the same. The vehicle autonomous traveling system includes a vehicle navigation device that plans a driver global path to a destination by acquiring a location of a vehicle, and guides a path in accordance with the planned driver global path, an autonomous traveling path providing unit that recognizes a road environment while planning a detailed global path by mapping a partial detailed path of a lane level based on the driver global path, determines a traveling condition based on the detailed global path and the recognized road environment, and outputs vehicle traveling information for controlling the vehicle, and an autonomous traveling operation unit that receives the vehicle traveling information, and performs autonomous traveling of the vehicle by following a path included in the vehicle traveling information.

Abstract: When a route searching command is input, a control unit searches for a provisional route disregarding remaining energy. Next, a finding unit finds charging lanes and charging spots near the provisional route and a calculation unit calculates a charging lane traveling distance and a spot charging usage amount. Then, a searching unit searches for charging lane information, and the like, the first route that restrains charging up cost and uses charging lanes and searches for, on the basis of the spot charging usage amount, charging spot information, and the like, the second route that restrains charging up cost and uses charging spots. A generation unit generates information about the retrieved routes that includes charging up cost and the expected time required. which is presented by a presentation unit. Accordingly, it is possible to find routes including charging plans that use charging lanes and charging spots and to enhance user convenience.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatuses, or articles of manufacture are disclosed herein that may be utilized, in whole or in part, to facilitate or support one or more operations or techniques for automatic or more dynamic handover of one or more positioning parameters from a navigation device, such as a personal navigation device (PND) co-located with a vehicle, for example, to a mobile communication device for use in or with a mobile communication device.

Abstract: A vehicle routing device that determines a route from an origin to a destination including route guidance. The route guidance is modified based on user input. The modification can supply increased or reduced route guidance at intervals along the route. Route guidance may be modified to incorporate landmarks and personal contacts.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a method for real-time carpool matching is provided. The method may include receiving a plurality of carpool requests having a plurality of carpool route segments. The method may include determining at least one carpool match in real-time based on the plurality of carpool route segments. The method may include assigning each carpool match a viability value. The method may then include assigning a selected carpool match automatically for a user associated with the determined at least one carpool match, based on the assigned viability value associated with each carpool match within the at least one carpool match. The method may further include choosing a driver from a plurality of carpool participants, whereby the plurality of carpool participants is based on the selected carpool match. The method may also include sending the selected carpool match to the plurality of carpool participants.

Abstract: A navigation device includes: a search request transmitting unit to transmit a route search request including an avoidance range specified by using longitude and latitude; and a search result receiving unit to receive route information transmitted in response to the route search request. A route providing device includes a search request receiving unit to receive the route search request transmitted from the navigation device; an avoidance road identifying unit to identify a road corresponding to the avoidance range included in the route search request; a route search processing unit to determine an optimal route to reach a destination by bypassing the road corresponding to the avoidance range; and a search result transmitting unit to transmit, to the navigation device, the route information indicating the determined route.

Abstract: A method for notifying a mobile body that the mobile body is approaching a particular area comprising calculating a plurality of areas where the mobile body may arrive on the basis of dynamic map information; calculating, for each event occurring in the plurality of areas, an arriving probability of arriving at a region affected by the event; extracting an avoidance position for enabling the mobile body to avoid arriving at the region affected by the event; calculating an encountering probability of meeting the region affected by the event on the basis of a reliability of the event, the arriving probability, and the avoidance position, and notifying the mobile body of the encountering probability.

Abstract: A navigation device, a system for inputting a place, and a method for inputting a place to the navigation device implement inputting a place to a navigation device communicating with a terminal device, searching for and extracting place-associated information from text received by the terminal device. If the place-associated information is extracted from the text, the implementation carries out transmitting, by the terminal device, the text or the place-associated information detected from the text to the navigation device; and setting, by the navigation device, a place obtained on basis of the place-associated information to a destination.

Abstract: A navigation system has a display. A processor is coupled to the display. A memory is coupled to the processor. The memory stores program instructions that when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: display a graphical representation of a map on a display; display a first cursor showing a present location of a vehicle on the map; display a second cursor, the second cursor being movable by a user through a user interface of the navigation system to a desired location on the map; and display a line between the first cursor and the second cursor, the line indicating a straight line distance between the first cursor and the second cursor.

Abstract: A travel route display device (1) includes a display unit (130), a topographical data storage unit (110b) that stores three-dimensional topographical data, a travel data storage unit (110c) that stores travel data relating to a travel route of a vehicle and a driving status of the vehicle on the travel route, and a control unit (120) that, when displaying the topographical data stored in the topographical data storage unit (110b) on the display unit (130), simultaneously displays, on the display unit (130), the travel route indicated by the travel data stored in the travel data storage unit (110c) in a display mode that corresponds to the driving status.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided that more efficiently responds to a change of driving regulations. The vehicle includes a communication unit that is configured to communicate with a regulations management apparatus that manages regulations information for individual regions. A navigation system is configured to receive location information of the vehicle and display a location of the vehicle on a map output on a display. In addition, a controller is configured to predict an expected driving region of the vehicle based on the location information of the vehicle and to download regulations information of the expected driving region from the regulations management apparatus when regulations information of the expected driving region has been updated.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for collecting activity data with a removably attached mobile device. The mobile device may be moved to various holders configured to be used in different activities. The data is collected according to a determined activity. The start and end of a session is automatically detected based on connectivity to the holder. Metrics may be tracked for specific gear, as well as various spans of time such as sessions, seasons, and/or lifetimes. Milestones and highlights may be determined for various combinations of the various activities, gear and/or terms.

Abstract: A flight deck display system for an aircraft includes a processor architecture configured to receive aircraft instrument data, waypoint restriction information, and position data for the aircraft and, based upon the received data, generate image rendering display commands. The system also includes a display element configured to receive the image rendering display commands and, in response thereto, to render a display that includes a perspective view of terrain and at least one waypoint marker corresponding to an approaching waypoint. The waypoint marker includes visually distinguishable characteristics that convey waypoint restriction information (e.g., altitude or airspeed constraint information that governs the waypoint).

Abstract: An electronic device and a gravity sensing calibration method thereof are provided. The electronic device includes a gravity sensing unit, an image capturing unit and a processing unit. The gravity sensing unit recognizes a rotating direction of the electronic device according to default gravity reference data. The image capturing unit captures an image with an object. The processing unit obtains a current gravity sensing value through the gravity sensing unit and generates specific gravity reference data according to the current gravity sensing value. The processing unit analyzes the image to determine a moving direction of the object relative to the electronic device, so as to recognize the rotating direction of the electronic device according to the specific gravity reference data and the moving direction of the object.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of small household appliances manufacturing technology, which relates to a plumb-bob calibration apparatus (21, 22) and a glass-wiping robot having the plumb-bob calibration apparatus. The plumb-bob calibration apparatus (21, 22) comprises a housing. The housing has arranged therein an orbit space (7) and an action element (2). The action element (2) moves within the orbit space (7). The housing also has arranged therein a sensor component that senses induction signals of the action element (2) when at different positions in the orbit space (7). Use of the plumb-bob calibration apparatus aids the working of an acceleration sensor in the glass-wiping robot, and verifies the accuracy of a detection result, thus allowing the glass-wiping robot to make horizontal or vertical movements with reduced linear error at all times.

Abstract: An inductive drawing or feeding device for inductively drawing off or feeding in electrical energy/electricity by electric vehicles is connected to a power grid. The inductive drawing or feeding device includes a measuring device configured to measure at least one physical parameter representing the electrical energy inductively transmitted through the associated drawing or feeding device. The inductive drawing or feeding device also includes an identifier for identifying the owner of the connection of the inductive drawing or feeding device. The inductive drawing of feeding device further includes a comparing device configured to compare the at least one physical parameter measured at a connecting side with at least one physical parameter measured at a drawing off or feeding side.

Abstract: A rotary sensor (10) includes a rotating portion (12) having an outside surface (28) and a magnetic pattern (16) magnetically printed on the rotating portion (12). One or more hall-effect switches (32) are located adjacent to the magnetic pattern (16) and a magnetic field of at least a portion of the magnetic pattern actuates the switches (32). Rotation of a driveshaft (18) controls electric signals conducted through the switches (32) indicating the angular position of the driveshaft (18).

Abstract: An operation detection device for a vehicle includes: a capacity measurement section that measures a change amount of capacitance of an operation section; a determination section that determines that there is an approaching operation of a user to the operation section if a state where an absolute value of a time change rate of the change amount of the capacitance is equal to or less than a second threshold value is continued for a first time after the change amount of the capacitance is equal to or greater than a first threshold value; and an output section that outputs a control signal to an object to be controlled based on a determination result of the determination section.

Abstract: The rotation detection device includes: an encoder having to-be-detected patterns cyclically arranged in the circumferential direction; and a sensor configured to detect the to-be-detected patterns to generate pulses. The device further includes a reference pattern storage unit, a phase difference detection unit, and an error correction unit. The reference pattern storage unit measures pitch errors in the to-be-detected patterns prior to operation and stores the pitch errors as a reference pattern Pref. The phase difference detection unit determines a pitch error pattern Pm corresponding to one rotation of the to-be-detected patterns from rotation signals representing a plurality of rotations detected during operation, and performs comparison with a reference pattern Pref to determine a relative phase difference ?. Based on the phase difference ? obtained by the phase difference detection unit, the error correction unit corrects errors included in the rotation signals detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A dual encoder (07) has a first shaft (09) being mounted in a housing (16) so as to be rotatable, wherein a first locking mechanism, for locking different rotational positions of the first shaft (09), and at least one first rotation signal generator (26, 27), for generating a signal showing a switchover between two locking positions, are provided at the first shaft (09), and having a second shaft (10) being mounted in the housing (16) so as to be coaxially rotatable, wherein a second locking mechanism for locking different rotational positions of the second shaft (10) and at least one second rotation signal generator (28, 29) for generating a signal showing a switchover between two locking positions are provided at the second shaft (10), wherein both shafts (09, 10) include activation elements (11, 12).

Abstract: A proximity sensor for an electronic device comprises a proximity module, a lens and an optical module secured in an air gap therebetween. The proximity module has an emitter and a detector and is configured to generate a signal that is a function of light emitted by the emitter, and light detected by the detector, some portion of the detected light having been reflected by a target external to the electronic device. A transmissive-reflective surface of the optical module is aligned with the emitter field of view (FOV) and the detector FOV. The optical module guides emitted light through a transmissive portion of the lens to the exterior of the electronic device, and guides target-reflected light collected by the transmissive portion to the detector. The emitter FOV and the detector FOV are substantially aligned with one another.

Abstract: An illumination portion for an optical encoder is disclosed. The optical encoder comprises the illumination portion, a scale grating extending along a measuring axis direction and arranged to receive light from the illumination portion, and a detector configuration arranged to receive light from the scale grating. The illumination portion comprises an addressable light source array. The addressable light source array comprises individual sources arranged along the measuring axis direction. The addressable light source array is configured to provide at least a first addressable set and a second addressable set of the individual sources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices for changing and measuring the polarisation of radio waves, Embodiments of the devices for different applications as well as uses of the devices as sensors for measuring angles and shifts.

Abstract: A sensor housing container comprises a container having an opening, a lid that covers the opening, and a sensor housing body that can be pulled out of the opening of the container. The sensor housing body includes a sensor case, a plurality of sensors, and a spring that biases these sensors. The sensor case is provided with a sensor discharge port at the portion where the sensors are biased by the spring. Also, this sensor discharge port is provided with a guide protrusion for aligning the sensor discharge port with a sensor insertion port of a measurement device. Furthermore, the inner face of the container is provided with a push-out protrusion that contacts with the end of the sensors on the opposite side from electrodes, at the portion corresponding to the end of the sensors on the opposite side from the electrodes inside the sensor case.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to a downhole oil well sensor housing having a compression sealing assembly that is responsive to the external pressures within a subterranean bore-hole. The downhole oil well sensor housing has a sealing assembly configured to provide a compression seal around individual signal wires coupled to a downhole measurement sensor retained within the sensor housing. The downhole measurement sensor is secured within one end of the sensor housing, while the sealing assembly is secured within the opposing end of the sensor housing.

Abstract: An integrated load cell and inclinometer includes an outer shell including a u-shaped structure configured to receive a polished rod; a load sensor configured output a load signal based on a load experienced by the load sensor; a position sensor configured to output a position signal based on a position experienced by the position sensor; a load and position signal processor configured to receive and process the load signal from the load sensor and to output load signal data representative of the load experienced by the load sensor, and receive and process the position signal from the position sensor and to output position signal data representative of the inclination of the walking beam or the position of the polished rod; a solar battery configured to provide power to the integrated load cell and inclinometer; and a transmitter configured to transmit the load signal data and position signal data.

Abstract: A method calculates mean speed of a fluid flowing in an open channel or a partially filled duct. Fluid having a free surface of width L1 extending between walls of the channel or duct includes local speed measurements at the surface of the fluid over a zone of width L2, the set of local measurements generating a spectrum of discrete data expressed in a temporal domain. The spectrum of discrete data is converted into a spectrum of data expressed in a frequency domain via a Fourier transform. A Gaussian curve is fitted to the spectrum and the mean ? and the standard deviation ? of the Gaussian curve are calculated. L2 and ? enable calculating the distribution of speeds over L2. The ratio L2/L1 is calculated and the mean speed of the fluid within the channel or duct is determined based on the Gaussian curve and the ratio L2/L1.

Abstract: A method and a measuring apparatus for determining specific quantities for the gas quality in which the gas or gas mixture flows through an ultrasonic flow sensor as well as through a microthermal sensor, and the former is used for determining the sound and flow velocity and the latter for determining the thermal conductivity and the thermal capacity of the gas or gas mixture. The sound velocity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal capacity are subsequently used for the correlation of the specific quantities for the gas quality.