Abstract: According to some embodiments of the present invention, a system for stereo reconstruction from a monoscopic endoscope is provided. The monoscopic endoscope comprising an image pick-up element at a distal end thereof and a working channel defined by a body of the monoscopic endoscope. The working channel provides a port at the distal end of the monoscopic endoscope. The system for stereo reconstruction comprises a light patterning component configured to be disposed within the working channel of the monoscopic endoscope such that a light emitting end of the light patterning component will be fixed with a defined relative distance from the distal end of the image pick-up element. The system for stereo reconstruction also includes a data processor adapted to be in communication with the image pick-up element. The light patterning component forms a pattern of light that is projected onto a region of interest.

Abstract: The invention is provided with: a camera support tube (13) one end part of which is introduced into a body; a camera unit (11) which is joined to the camera support tube inside the body; a support tube joining portion (14) which joins the camera unit and the camera support tube; a camera-side cable (12) which is connected to the camera unit and led out to an outside of the body through the camera support tube; and a control system that is provided outside the body is connected to the camera-side cable, and includes at least a display (18).

Abstract: An endoscope sheath is providing comprising a sheath tube extending along a longitudinal axis between a proximal end and a distal end, the sheath tube configured to receive at least a portion of an endoscope; a hub adapter connected to the sheath tube, the hub adapter including an arm configured to engage at least a portion of the endoscope so that the hub adapter and the sheath tube are restricted from rotating about the longitudinal axis; and a knob configured to engage a shoulder of the endoscope and the sheath tube so that movement of the knob relative to the hub adapter moves the sheath tube axially along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An endoscope sheath is provided comprising a sheath tube extending along a longitudinal axis between a proximal end and a distal end, the sheath tube is configured to receive at least a portion of an endoscope; a hub connected to the proximal end of the sheath tube; and a hub adapter engaging the hub and configured to engage the endoscope, wherein the sheath tube can rotate about the longitudinal axis without rotation of the hub adapter, and wherein the sheath tube is restricted from moving axially along the longitudinal axis relative to the hub adapter.

Abstract: An endoscope guide tube includes a tube member including a live part, the tube member being constructed by including a tube body that makes up an outer layer and a braid that braids, into a tubular form, wound metal members and insulating members wound in a direction opposite to a winding direction of the metal members, a connection member provided with a first contact connecting ends of the metal members and a second contact connecting ends of the metal members, at least one of a first contact side conduction detection section that detects that the live part contacts the metal members and a second contact side conduction detection section, and a signal output section that outputs a notification signal to a notification section.

Abstract: A magnetic manipulation device (16) can include a housing (20), a spherical magnetic body (22) contained within the housing (20), and a plurality of sensors to detect the direction of the magnetic dipole of the spherical magnetic body (22). The spherical magnetic body (22) can be rotatable about a sphere axis of rotation which is (24a, 24b, 24c) can be in contact with the spherical magnetic body (22) to rotate the spherical magnetic body (22) about the sphere axis of rotation.

Abstract: An optical scanning endoscope apparatus, includes: an irradiation fiber having an emitting end thereof oscillatably supported and irradiating light from a light source part onto an object; and a drive mechanism for driving the emitting end so as to cause light from the light source to be irradiated onto the object, in which the apparatus has a first irradiation mode as an imaging mode (corresponding to t1) for repeatedly scanning a desired region of the object with light from the light source and a second irradiation mode (corresponding to t4) for irradiating, between the temporally-adjacent scans in the first irradiation mode, a designated region selected from the desired region of the object, and provides, when the second irradiation mode is started, the drive mechanism with an offset signal (I0) for irradiating the designated region, and maintains the offset signal while repeating the irradiation in the second irradiation mode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an endoscopic fluid control valve. By having just one fluid outlet, the structure of the endoscopic fluid control valve is made simpler with interior space saving. There is no need for a one-way check valve at an operational portion of the endoscope to prevent fluid backflow, and this makes it easy to clean. An embodiment includes valve housing, valve stem, valve core, elastic component, button, first seal, second seal, third seal, fourth seal, gas inlet, fluid inlet and fluid outlet.

Abstract: A lens group for an endoscope or microscope, comprising one or more lens elements, each of uniform refractive index, adapted to: i) focus, with high wavefront aberration correction, driving or excitation light received from an exit tip of an optical waveguide (such as an optical fibre) located substantially against a proximal surface of the lens group to a point observational field with narrow point spread function beyond a distal surface of the lens group (such as outside an optical window located distally relative to the distal surface); and ii) transmit, with high wavefront aberration correction, fluorescence or reflected return light received by the distal surface from the point observational field (and its neighbourhood defined by the fluorescence wavelength point spread function) back to the exit tip of the optical waveguide at the fluorescence wavelength.

Abstract: A medical device comprising an instrument head integral to the medical device having a distal portion, a light source internal to the instrument head coupled to a first channel, a first polarizing filter positioned within the first channel of the instrument head, a second polarizing filter positioned within the second channel for receiving reflected light from the light source, the reflected light received through a sensor axially aligned with the second channel is disclosed herein. The second channel may comprise a distal opening. The second channel may be configured to restrict light from entering the second channel other than by the distal opening. The first polarizing filter may be configured to polarize light from the light source.

Abstract: A medical device comprising an instrument head integral to the medical device having a distal portion, a light source internal to the instrument head coupled to a first channel, a first polarizing filter positioned within the first channel of the instrument head, a second polarizing filter positioned within the second channel for receiving reflected light from the light source, the reflected light received through a sensor axially aligned with the second channel is disclosed herein. The second channel may comprise a distal opening. The second channel may be configured to restrict light from entering the second channel other than by the distal opening. The first polarizing filter may be configured to polarize light from the light source.

Abstract: An endoscope system including a control section that controls an LED driving section to supply driving currents to LEDs of a plurality of colors to cause the LEDs to emit lights in a frame-sequential manner and a processor that divides a total exposure period in one frame period of the frame-sequential light emission into ratios of light emission periods for each of the respective colors obtained by dividing light amount ratios of the lights of the plurality of colors, which should be received in a CCD, respectively by respective maximum light emission intensities of the LEDs of the plurality of colors and sets respective maximum light emission periods of the LEDs of the plurality of colors.

Abstract: A dental mirror instrument has a light waveguide and an airflow conduit that extend along the length of an elongated member to a mirror portion. An airflow exiting from the airflow conduit may be directed over the mirror surface to remove fluids and debris. Light from a light source is transmitted, along the light waveguide and is reflected off of a back-side of a land portion through a Fresnel lens to produce a task light. A mirror may have a hydrophobic surface and this surface may have raised portions or a patterned surface that further enhances the removal of fluids or debris. The optical component of the dental instrument may be detachable to a source component and may be disposable. A flexible connector may be coupled with the source component to provide an airflow to the airflow conduit and/or electrical power to the light source.

Abstract: Methods and systems for ablation mapping and ablation procedures are provided. In some embodiments, a catheter for visualizing ablated tissue comprises a catheter body; a support assembly extending past a distal end of the catheter body, the support assembly having a lumen therethrough; and a balloon having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end of the balloon is attached to the catheter body and the distal end of the balloon is attached to the support assembly, the balloon having an opening at the distal end in alignment with the lumen of the support assembly to provide a continuous path from the catheter body to outside of the balloon.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes a photographing mode selection processor that selects any one of a plurality of photographing modes including a color photographing mode and a fluorescent photographing mode, a photographic optical system that photographs a subject's eye in a photographing mode selected by the photographing mode selection processor, a vision fixation optical system including a vision fixation target display that displays a vision fixation target, the vision fixation optical system projecting an image of the vision fixation target displayed in the vision fixation target display on the subject's eye, and a control processor that changes an amount of light of the vision fixation target in accordance with the photographing mode selected by the photographing mode selection processor.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for reconstructing one or more surfaces of an object including one or more opaque surfaces behind one or more refractive surfaces are provided. The systems and techniques may include obtaining one or more images of the object including an opaque surface located behind a refractive surface and determining one or more refractive surface constraints using the one or more images. The one or more refractive surface constraints constrain one or more characteristics of the refractive surface. The systems and techniques may further include reconstructing an opaque surface representation or a refractive surface representation using the one or more refractive surface constraints, the opaque surface representation representing the opaque surface of the object, and the refractive surface representation representing the refractive surface of the object.

Abstract: An ocular system for detecting ocular abnormalities and conditions creates photorefractive digital images of a patient's retinal reflex. The system includes a computer control system, a two-dimensional array of infrared irradiation sources and a digital infrared image sensor. The amount of light provided by the array of irradiation sources is adjusted by the computer so that ocular signals from the image sensor are within a targeted range. Enhanced, adaptive, photorefraction is used to observe and measure the optical effects of Keratoconus. Multiple near infrared (NIR) sources are preferably used with the photorefractive configuration to quantitatively characterize the aberrations of the eye. The infrared light is invisible to a patient and makes the procedure more comfortable than current ocular examinations. A lens system is used to remove any low order aberrations present in the patient's eye and improve the detection sensitivity of the system.

Abstract: A laser scanning system adapted to produce a scanned image including a number of lines of an object. A method includes the steps of providing a reference object arranged such that the scanned image produced by the laser scanning system includes a reference image of the reference object, processing the reference image to calculate an error arising from non-repeatable displacement of the lines of the reference image, and adjusting at least one operating parameter of the laser scanning system in response to the calculated error.

Abstract: A head mountable device for measuring eye movement of a user, the head mountable device includes: a frame; a camera system comprising a first camera, wherein the camera system is configured to obtain a first set of images of a first eye of the user; and a projection system for projecting a first projection comprising a visible object in a field of view of the first eye when the user wears the head mountable device, wherein the projection system is configured to move the visible object relative to the head mountable device.

Abstract: A method, including illuminating an eye with light from a light source (62) so as to cause a first image (80) of the light source to be formed on a retina (78) of the eye. The method also includes capturing the light returning from the retina with a sensor (148) so as to receive at least a portion of a second image (130) of the first image on the sensor, and analyzing a signal from the sensor in order to determine a gaze direction of the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes an optical system, a display device, a subject's eye position acquisition processor, and a control processor that acquires information on positional displacement of the optical system for inspection with respect to the subject's eye on the basis of the three-dimensional position to allow an alignment index image for performing alignment of the optical system for inspection with respect to the subject's eye in accordance with the information on positional displacement to be displayed in a screen of the display device in a pseudo manner, where the control processor has a plurality of display modes, in each of which the alignment index image is displayed in a different display form to allow the alignment index image to be displayed in the screen of the display device in a display mode selected from the plurality of display modes in a pseudo manner.

Abstract: A patient monitoring method wherein data is received from a transducer by an electronic device, the electronic device receives input from the patient regarding timing of various events, the data is processed to incorporate the event timing data, and the data is then transmitted to a terminal. The terminal is accessible by, e.g., a healthcare provider. The transducer is used to perform medical diagnostic tests, such as fetal non-stress tests, electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, and electroencephalography. In the event that an emergency is identified, the healthcare provider can take immediate action. The utilization of an electronic device, e.g., a smartphone, by patients not only ensures ease of use and compliance with testing, but also conveniently allows patients to take an active role in their healthcare.

Abstract: A system includes a processor configured to determine that a vehicle accident has occurred. The processor is also configured to connect to a detected wearable device. The processor is additionally configured to request measured present biometric information from the wearable device, in response to the accident determination. Also, the processor is configured to receive measured present biometric information from the wearable device and relay the biometric information to a connected emergency operator.

Abstract: A wearable device and a control method thereof are provided. The wearable device includes a processor, a sensor module configured to obtain biometric information about a user wearing the wearable device, and a light emitting module configured to output visual information corresponding to the obtained biometric information, wherein the processor controls an output attribute of the visual information to be changed and output according to a change in the obtained biometric information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system having an implanted component and external component which are configured to provide a test of wireless communication in order to assess the success or failure of such communication and to store attributes related to such test in a memory log. To provide the communication test the implantable and external components can attempt wireless communication according to communication test parameters which relate to number of times to retry communication, duration of sending communication test signals, durations of waiting for communication test signals and the schedule of the communication tests. The schedule of tests may be period or may change over time in order to become more or less frequency according to a programmable schedule that may also decrease if the communication tests are successful and indicate patient compliance in keeping the external components close by.

Abstract: Systems are described for monitoring extremities for injury or damage following a physical impact. A device embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a deformable substrate; a sensor assembly coupled to the deformable substrate, the sensor assembly configured to generate one or more sense signals based on detection of a physical impact to a body portion and based on detection of a physiological parameter; circuitry operably coupled to the sensor assembly and configured to receive the one or more sense signals based on detection of the physical impact and to determine whether the physical impact exceeds a threshold impact value, the circuitry configured to instruct the sensor assembly to detect one or more physiological parameters of the body portion when the physical impact exceeds the threshold impact value; and a reporting device operably coupled to the circuitry.

Abstract: Systems are described for monitoring extremities for injury or damage following a physical impact. A device embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a deformable substrate integrated with a textile; a sensor assembly coupled to the deformable substrate, the sensor assembly configured to generate one or more sense signals based on detection of a physical impact to a body portion and based on detection of a physiological parameter; circuitry operably coupled to the sensor assembly and configured to receive the one or more sense signals based on detection of the physical impact and to determine whether the physical impact exceeds a threshold impact value, the circuitry configured to instruct the sensor assembly to detect one or more physiological parameters of the body portion when the physical impact exceeds the threshold impact value; and a reporting device operably coupled to the circuitry.

Abstract: Systems are described for monitoring extremities for injury following an impact. A system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a device including a deformable substrate integrated with a textile; a sensor assembly coupled to the deformable substrate, the sensor assembly configured to generate one or more sense signals based on detection of a physical impact to a body portion and based on detection of a physiological parameter; circuitry operably coupled to the sensor assembly and configured to receive the one or more sense signals based on detection of the physical impact and to determine whether the physical impact exceeds a threshold impact value, the circuitry configured to instruct the sensor assembly to detect one or more physiological parameters of the body portion when the physical impact exceeds the threshold impact value; and a reporting device operably coupled to the circuitry; and an external device communicatively coupled with the device.

Abstract: A near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor assembly for measuring a characteristic of a biological tissue is provided. The NIRS sensor assembly includes a light source, at least one light detector, and a layer disposed within the sensor assembly. The light source is operable to emit light at one or more predetermined wavelengths. The at least one light detector has an active area for detecting light emitted by the light source and passed through the biological tissue. The light detector is operable to produce signals representative of the detected light. The layer disposed within the sensor assembly has at least one deflection element.

Abstract: A system for estimating a photoplethysmogram waveform of a target includes an image processor configured to obtain images of the target and a waveform analyzer. The waveform analyzer is configured to determine a weight of a portion of the target. The weight is based on a time variation of a light reflectivity of the portion of the target. The time variation of the light reflectivity of the target is based on the images. The waveform analyzer is further configured to estimate a PPG waveform of the target based on the weight of the portion and the time variation of the light reflectivity of the portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a measuring probe, an apparatus, and a method for infrared spectroscopy. In some embodiments the measuring probe may have an elongated form with a first end for coupling and decoupling infrared light into and out of the measuring probe and a second end. In other embodiments, the measuring probe may comprise an attenuated total reflection (ATR) prism arranged at the second end of the measuring probe. The ATR prism may include at least a first surface having at least one measuring portion configured to be brought in optical contact with a measured object. The ATR prism may include at least a second surface having at least one reflective portion. In some embodiments, the ATR prism may include a cutting portion for cutting through the measured object.

Abstract: In this invention, an approach is proposed to image the electrical impedance (conductivity and permittivity) properties of biological tissues. This approach is based on electrical current induction using ultrasound together with an applied static magnetic field. Acoustic vibrations are generated via piezoelectric transducers located on the surface of a biological body. A linear phased array piezoelectric transducer is used to form pressure distribution in human body/tissue. In the existence of a static magnetic field, the resultant (velocity) current density is sensed by a receiver coil encircling the tissue or placed near the tissue and used for reconstructing the conductivity and permittivity distribution.

Abstract: A system and method for determining an electrical activity in a subject using ultrasound and electromagnetics are provided. In some aspects, the method includes directing ultrasound energy to a portion of a subject's anatomy using an ultrasound system, wherein the ultrasound energy inducing a perturbation to locations in the subject's anatomy, and sensing, using sensors arranged about the subject, a plurality of electromagnetic signals representing an electrical activity of the subject. The method also includes identifying electromagnetic signals that are modulated by the perturbation, and generating a report of the electrical activity using the identified electromagnetic signals.

Abstract: An endoscopic device for photoacoustic imaging, including a multimode optical fiber having a distal end and a proximal end, a light source to provide a light beam to the proximal end of the multimode optical fiber, a transducer to capture acoustic waves that are emitted from the proximal end of the multimode optical fiber, and a processing device to generate a photoacoustic image based on data from the captured acoustic waves captured by the transducer, wherein the distal end of the multimode optical fiber is configured to be inserted into a sample, the sample generating the acoustic waves by a photoacoustic effect.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a framework for facilitating patient signal filtering. In accordance with one aspect, the framework performs a signature cycle matching pursuit method to remove a first signal component from a combination patient signal and generate a first output signal. Sub-bandwidth filtering of the first output signal may be performed to remove a second signal component and generate a second output signal. The framework may further remove a third signal component from the second output signal to generate a third output signal. A signal of interest may then be reconstructed based on the third output signal.

Abstract: A system for calculating biological information under exercise load, including a sensor device for measuring a motion of a user, a portable heart rate sensor for measuring a heart rate of a user, and a server including a biological information calculation function, wherein the system measures a motion of a user under exercise load on the user, measures the heart rate of the user after the stop of the exercise load, measures a temporal difference between the stop of the exercise load and measurement of the heart rate, estimates a drop in the heart rate based on the temporal difference and finds an estimated heart rate immediately before the stop of exercise of the user, and calculates biological information of the user under the exercise load based on the motion of the user under the exercise load and the estimated heart rate.

Abstract: Provided is a technique in MRI to efficiently suppress downstream blood in a specific region in a blood vessel having a slow flow velocity, such as the portal vein. For this purpose, a plurality of Beam Sat pulses are applied so as to equally suppress signals of blood flowing into a desired imaging region from a desired blood vessel during the period from applying an IR pulse to starting main imaging. Downstream blood in a specific region in a blood vessel having a slow flow velocity, such as the portal vein, can be suppressed efficiently by determining application conditions of the plurality of Beam Sat pulses that achieve the above based on a flow velocity of blood in a desired blood vessel and T1 of the said blood.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and method for measuring vital signs (e.g. SYS, DIA, SpO2, heart rate, and respiratory rate) and motion (e.g. activity level, posture, degree of motion, and arm height) from a patient. The system features: first and second sensors configured to independently generate time-dependent waveforms indicative of one or more contractile properties of the patient's heart; and a cuff-based oscillometric module. A processing component, typically worn on the patient's body and featuring a microprocessor, receives the time-dependent waveforms generated by the different sensors and processes them to determine patient-specific calibration values for use in a continuous blood pressure measurement based on pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Abstract: Techniques for respiratory and metabolic monitoring in mobile devices, wearable computing, security, illumination, photography, and other applications may use a phosphor-coated broadband white LED to produce broadband light, which may be transmitted along with ambient light to a target (e.g., ear, face, wrist, or the like). Some scattered light returning from a target may be passed through a spectral filter to produce multiple detector regions sensitive to a different waveband and/or wavelength range, and the detected light may be analyzed to determine a measure of a respiratory rate or effort. In the absence of LED light, ambient light may be sufficient illumination for analysis. The disclosed techniques may provide identifying features of type or status of a tissue target (e.g., respiratory rate, heart rate, heart rate variability, heart function, lung function, fat content, hydration status, confirmation of living tissue, and the like).

Abstract: A user configurable variable mode pulse indicator provides a user the ability to influence outputs indicative of a pulse occurrence at least during distortion, or high-noise events. For example, when configured to provide or trigger pulse indication outputs, a pulse indicator designates the occurrence of each pulse in a pulse oximeter-derived photo-plethysmograph waveform, through waveform analysis or some statistical measure of the pulse rate, such as an averaged pulse rate. When the configured to block outputs or not trigger pulse indication outputs, a pulse indicator disables the output for one or more of an audio or visual pulse occurrence indication. The outputs can be used to initiate an audible tone “beep” or a visual pulse indication on a display, such as a vertical spike on a horizontal trace or a corresponding indication on a bar display. The amplitude output is used to indicate data integrity and corresponding confidence in the computed values of saturation and pulse rate.

Abstract: A biological sensor capable of improving the signal to noise ratio of a detection signal obtained by a light-receiving element and amplified by an amplifier is provided. The biological sensor includes a microcontroller that generates a driving signal, a light-emitting element that emits light in accordance with the driving signal, a light-receiving element that outputs a current detection signal based on an intensity of received light, and an amplifying circuit that converts the current detection signal into a voltage detection signal, amplifies an alternating current component of the voltage detection signal, and outputs an amplified detection signal. Furthermore, the microcontroller generates an offset signal that is applied to an offset circuit to offset the direct current component of the voltage detection signal and to obtain biological information by processing the amplified detection signal.

Abstract: A medical pendant system, comprising. a movable component, an execution component and a bus (1); the movable component comprises a key control module (3); the key control module (3) comprises a braking system control key (K1, K4) and a pendant lifting/lowering control key (K2, K3); the execution component comprises an output control part (4), the output control part (4) being connected respectively with a bus power supply (5), a pendant motor (9) and a braking system (10); the movable component and the execution component are connected respectively to the bus (1); the bus (1) is used for transmitting power supply and also for transmitting instructions from the movable component to the execution component. In the vertical direction the medical pendant system can be adjusted steplessly without having to alter the lengths of the cables.

Abstract: A neural probe is disclosed for optically stimulating or silencing neurons and recording electrical responses to the stimulus. Using patterning techniques, an integral optical waveguide may be fabricated on the probe for transmitting neuron-affecting light from a light source to a probe tip. The probe tip may include one or more electrodes to receive electrical responses from stimulated neurons for recording or further processing. According to various embodiments, the disclosed neural probes may utilize multiple light sources simultaneously, switch between multiple light sources, or utilize a single light source to stimulate or silence multiple neuron locations simultaneously via multiple probe tips or via multiple light-emitting sites located along the length of the probe. Neural probes are thereby provided that have sufficient spatial resolution to accurately target, stimulate, and record the reaction of neurons, or as few as a single neuron, utilizing a slim, compact structure.

Abstract: An electrocardiography signal extraction method includes receiving an electrocardiography signal, detecting a peak of a waveform of the electrocardiography signal, separating the waveform into left and right waves, normalizing the left wave and a plurality of scales of Gaussian function, comparing the normalized left wave with a left part of the normalized scales of Gaussian function, acquiring a left part error function, indicating a left minimum comparative error, selecting a left scale of Gaussian function with the left minimum comparative error, obtaining a left duration of the waveform, normalizing the right wave, comparing the normalized right wave with a right part of the normalized scales of Gaussian function, acquiring a right part error function, indicating a right minimum comparative error, selecting a right scale of Gaussian function with the right minimum comparative error, obtaining a right duration of the waveform, and obtaining an extracted wave.

Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is diagnosed if: (1) the ECG traces satisfy an ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) criterion and the ECG traces do not indicate the subject has a confounding cardiac condition, or (2) the ECG traces satisfy the STEMI criterion and the ECG traces also indicate the subject has the confounding cardiac condition and a three-dimensional vector cardiograph (3D-VCG) signal generated from the ECG traces includes an ST vector in the ST segment of the 3D-VCG signal and a terminal QRS vector of maximum magnitude in a terminal portion of the QRS complex of the 3D-VCG signal for which the angle between the ST vector and the terminal QRS vector is less than a threshold angle, e.g. in the range [130°,170°] inclusive. The confounding cardiac condition may be bundle branch block (BBB), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), or interventricular conduction delay (IVCD).

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring bioelectrical signals is provided. The apparatus includes a sensor electrode, a sensor support, and a main body. The sensor electrode has a tapering portion that narrows toward one end and a protruding portion that extends from the one end of the tapering portion, contacts a body part, and senses bioelectrical signals. The sensor support maintains the contact between the sensor electrode and the body part. The main body is connected to the sensor support and is wearable on a living body.

Abstract: In one example, a medical device system for at least one of delivery of electrical stimulation pulses or sensing of physiological signals, the system including an elongated carrier; and a thin film wound around the elongated carrier, wherein the thin film includes a plurality of electrical contacts, a plurality of electrodes located distal to the plurality of electrical contacts, and a plurality of conducting tracks, each of the plurality of conducting tracks providing an electrical connection between at least one of the plurality of electrodes and one of the plurality of electrical contacts, and wherein the thin film is wound around the elongated carrier from the distal end of the elongated film to the proximal end of the elongated thin film.

Abstract: System for performing surgical procedures and assessments, including the use of neurophysiology-based monitoring to determine nerve proximity and nerve direction to surgical instruments employed in accessing a surgical target site.

Abstract: There is provided a measurement apparatus for estimating a value of a physiological characteristic of a subject. The apparatus comprises a radio-frequency (RF) power generating apparatus, a detector, and a controller in communication with the RF power generating apparatus. The RF power generating apparatus comprises a transmit antenna for emitting RF radiation; an RF signal generator; and a transmission line connecting the RF signal generator to the transmit antenna. The detector is arranged to measure the variation of at least one parameter correlated with attenuation of the emitted RF radiation, during the measurement period. The controller is arranged to: cause the RF power generating apparatus to emit RF radiation during a measurement period; receive measurements of the variation of the at least one parameter from the detector; and calculate a value of a physiological characteristic of a subject based on the received measurements.

Abstract: An electronic device, including a receiver configured to receive signals reflected from an object; and a controller configured to generate information corresponding to at least one tissue layer of the object based on the signals and a plurality of positions of the electronic device, wherein the plurality of positions are determined while the electronic device moves.